Issuu

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.45269, JULY-AUG 2017, VOL- 4/35

[kjxksu ftys ds ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa Kkun’kZu vk/kkfjr f’k{k.k ,oa ijEijkxr f’k{k.k fof/k }kjk Xkzkeh.k fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k dk rqyukRed v/;;u lqjsUnz dqekj frokjh1, Ph. D. & /kkjkJh Jhokl2 1

izkpk;Z] xqykcckbZ ;kno Le`fr f’k{kk egkfo|ky;] cksjkoak lgk;d izk/;kid] xqykcckbZ ;kno Le `fr f’k{kk egkfo|ky;] cksjkoak

Kkun'kZu ds ek/;e ls fofHkUu oxksZ ds Nk=ksa gsrq leLr fo"k;ksa ij vk/kfjr dk;ZØeksa dk izlkj.k fd;k tkrk gS A bu dk;ZØeksa esa izkFkfed fo|ky;ks]a ek/;fed fo|ky;ks]a mPprj ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa o mPp f'k{kk esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=ksa gsrq fofHkUu izdkj ds 'kSf{kd dk;ZØe gksrs gS A blds vfrfjDr f'k{kdksa gsrq dk;ZØe izkS<+f'k{kk ij dk;ZØe] nwjLFk f'k{kk dk;ZØe] d`f"k vk/kkfjr dk;ZØe ij dEI;wVj f'k{kk ds dk;ZØeksa dk izlkj.k fd;k tkrk gS A ’kCn dqath% Kkun’kZu vk/kkfjr f’k{k.k] ijEijkxr f’k{k.k] 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

vkt dk ;qx f'k{kk dk tu&tu rd izlkj ,ao lwpukvksa ds foLQksV dk ;qx gS A bl lanHkZ esa dukMk ns'k ds fo}ku izks- ek'kZy eSDywgu us lkjs lalkj dks ^^ lkoZHkkSe xkWao ** dh laKk nh gS A blesa bysDVªkWafud ek/;eksa dh Hkwfedk vxz.kh gSa A bu bysDVªkWafud ek/;eksa ds vfo"dkjksa esa 'kSf{kd jsfM;ks ,ao Vsyhfotu lcls vf/kd izpfyr gS A 'kSf{kd jsfM;ks ek/;e Jo.k KkusUnzh dks vkdf"kZr djrk gS tcfd 'kSf{kd Vsyhfotu JO; ,ao n`'; nksuks KkusfUnz;ksa dks vkdf"kZr djrk gS A NksVs cPps vkSj O;Ld Hkh bu vn~Hkqr ek/;eksa ls eksfgr gks tkrs gSa A vkt djksM+ks yksx eq[;r% bu ek/;eksa ds tfj;s ckº; lalkj ls laidZ ls laidZ LFkkfir dj f'k{kk ,ao lwpuk xzg.k dj jgs gS A ;g ek/;e muds fopkjks dks izHkkfor djrs gSa vkSj muds O;ogkj esa lk>snkj cuus esa lgk;d gksrs gSa A Kkun'kZu f'k{kk ds fy;s lLrk vkSj loZlqyHk n`';&JO; ek/;e gS A Kkun'kZu dk fof/kor~ :i ls mn~?kkVu 26 tuojh 2000 dks gqvk rFkk nwjn'kZu }kjk blds mixzg izlkj.k dh lqfo/kk lqyHk djkbZ xbZ Kkun'kZu dks dscy mixzg vk/kkfjr dsfcy Vh-oh- O;oLFkk ds ek/;e ls gh izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS A twu 2000 ls Kkun'kZu ij izfrfnu 16 ?kaVs 'kSf{kd dk;ZØeksa dk izlkj.k vkjEHk gqvk A tuojh 2001 ls Kkun'kZu ij izfrfnu 24 ?kaVs 'kSf{kd dk;ZØeksa dk izlkj.k vkjEHk gks x;k A Kkun'kZu ij vusd vUr fØ;kRed dk;ZØeksa dk'kh izlkj.k vkjEHk fd;k x;k ftlesa Nk=&Nk=kvksa vFkok n'kZd lh/ks LVwfM;ks esa cSBs fo'ks"kK ls VsyhQksu] QSDl rFkk baVjusV ds ek/;e ls fopkjksa dk vknku&iznku dj ldrk gS A Kkun'kZu 'kSf{kd Vh-oh- pSuy dk izkjEHk Nk=ksa dks v/;;u esa vf/kdkf/kd lgk;rk igqWpkus ds fy;s fd;k x;k gS A Kkun'kZu ds mn~Hko esa ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; rFkk bafnjk xkWa/kh jk"Vªh; eqDr fo'ofo|ky; ¼bXuw½ }kjk fo'ks"kdj mPp f'k{kk esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=&Nk=kvksa gsrq f'k{kk dh lgk;d iz.kkyh fodflr djus ds fopkj dk lkdkj gksuk gS A orZeku esa Kkun'kZu ij djhc pkSchl ?kaVs izlkj.k gksrk gS A Kkun'kZu }kjk Nk=&Nk=kvksa gsrq vUrfØ;kRed dk;ZØeksa dk Hkh vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gS A ijEijkxr f’k{k.k fof/k og f’k{k.k fof/k tks d{kk dh pkj nhokjh ds e/; Nk=ksa dks fu;af=r okrkoj.k esa iqLrdh; Kku nsus ds fy;s mi;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gS A ijEijkxr fof/k dgykrh gS A bl fof/k esa izk;% vf/kxe izfdz;k dh mis{kk fn[kkbZ iMrh gS A bl fof/k dks f’k{kd dsfUnzr fof/k Hkh ekurs gSa A bl fof/k ds dqN egRoiw.kZ rF; bl izdkj gS A

Dr. Surendra Kumar Tiwari & Dharashri Shrivas (Pg. 6481-6485)

1234-

6482

blesa f’k{kd i<krk gS ckyd i<rk gS A f’k{kd lc dqN tkurk gS ckyd dqN Hkh ugha tkurk gS A f’k{kd cksyrk gS ckyd lqurk gS A f’k{kd vuq’kklu ykxw djrk gS A Nk= vuq’kkflr gksrk gS ,oa vius foosd dk mi;ksx djrk gS A ijEijkxr fof/k esa ckydksa dks ewd jgdj f’k{kd ds O;k[;ku dks lquuk iMrk gS A blesa Kku rFkk dkS’ky ds fcUnqvksa dks vcks/k ckyd rd f’k{kd ds }kjk igqapk;k tkrk gS A bl fof/k esa ckSf)d vkSj O;ogkfjd Kku ds fy;s ,d lhek rd ckydksa esa l`tuksUeq[k xq.kksa dk fodkl ugha gks ikrk A D;ksfa d f’k{kd dks bl fof/k esa Kku dk larqfyr djus rFkk lapkfyr djus dk vf/kdkj fn;k x;k gS A  leL;k ls lacaf/kr mn~ns’; %& 1-ijEijkxr fof/k ,oa Kkun’kZu ls f’k{k.k djus ij xzkeh.k Nk=ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k dk v/;;u djuk A 2-ijEijkxr fof/k ,oa Kkun’kZu ls f’k{k.k djus ij xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k dk v/;;u djuk A  'kks/k leL;k dh ifjdYiuk,W %& 1ijEijkxr fof/k ,oa Kkun’kZu ls f’k{k.k djus ij xzkeh.k Nk=ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa dksbZ lkFkZd varj ugha gS A 2ijEijkxr fof/k ,oa Kkun’kZu ls f’k{k.k djus ij xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa dksbZ lkFkZd varj ugha gS A  U;kn'kZ ,oa 'kkss/k fof/k %& miyC/k lk/kuksa dks fu;ec) :Ik esa izxfr’khy n`f"Vdks.k ls ldkjkRed iz;klksa ds fy;s mi;ksx djuk ;kstuk dgykrh gSA fdlh Hkh dk;Z dh lQyrk mldh O;ofLFkr ;kstukuqlkj dk;Z fof/k ij gh fuHkZj djrh gS A bl 'kks/k dk;Z ds fy;s fuEufyf[kr ;kstuk cuk;h x;h A 1'kks/kdk;Z dks [kjxksu ftys rd dh lhfer j[kk x;k gS A 2[kjxksu ftys ds nks 'kgjh ,oa nks xzkeh.k 'kkldh; 'kkykvksa dk p;u fd;k x;k A 3'kgjh {ks= esa d{kk vkBoh ds 60 Nk= ,oa 60 Nk=kvksa dk p;u fd;k x;k abl izdkj dqy 120 fo|kFkhZ pqus x;s A 4xzkeh.k {ks= esa d{kk vkBoh ds 60 Nk= ,oa 60 Nk=kvksa dqy 120 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k A 5Nk=&Nk=kvksa ds nkS vkSlr lewg cuk;s x;s A blesa ls ,d fu;af=r lewg ,oa nwljk iz;ksxkRed lewg cuk;k x;k A 6izR;sd lewg esa 30 Nk= ,oa 30 Nk=k,s dze’k% 'kgjh ,oa xzkeh.k 'kkykvksa ls fy;s x;s A 7bl izdkj fu;af=r lewg esa 'kgjh {ks= ls 30 Nk= ,oa 30 Nk=k,sa ,oa iz;ksxkRed lewg esa Hkh 30 Nk= ,oa 30 Nk=kvksa dks pquk x;k A 8le; lhek dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, ek/;fed Lrj dh d{kk vkBoh ds xf.kr fo"k; dh dsoy ikap bdkb;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k A 9loZizFke 'kgjh {ks= ds fu;af=r lewg ,oa iz;ksxkRed lewg dk iwoZ ijh{k.k fd;k x;k A 10blds i'pkr~ fu;af=r lewg dks ijEijkxr fof/k ls pquh x;h bdkbZ;ksa dks i<k;k x;k A Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Surendra Kumar Tiwari & Dharashri Shrivas (Pg. 6481-6485)

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iz;ksxkRed lewg ds Nk=&Nk=kvksa dks Hkh iwoZ ijh{k.k ds ckn Kkun’kZu ¼ikB~; oLrq dh lhMh-rS;kj djds Vh-oh-}kjk½ ls i<k;k x;k A izR;sd lewg dks 6&6 dky[k.M i<k;s x;s A blh izdkj xzkeh.k Nk=&Nk=kvksa dks Hkh ijEijkxr fof/k ,oa Kkun’kZu ls i<k;k x;k A 'kgjh Nk=&Nk=kvksa dk i'p ijh{k.k fy;k x;k A blh izdkj xzkeh.k Nk=&Nk=kvksa dk Hkh i'p ijh{k.k fy;k x;k A  iznRrksa dk fo’ys"k.k ,oa O;k[;k & rkfydk dz- 1 ijh{k.k iwoZ ijh{k.k i'p ijh{k.k

Nk=ksa dk Nk=ksa dh e/;eku lewg la[;k fu;af=r 30 11-5

Ekud fopyu 2-45

Ekkud =`fV 0-45

dzkfUrd vuqikr 0-06

iz;ksxkRed 30 fu;af=r 30

11-43 12-96

3-56 2-72

0-65 0-5

iz;ksxkRed 30

15-7

3-0

0-54

2-74

lkFkZdrk lkFkZd varj ugha gS lkFkZd varj gS

Lora=rk dksfV ¼30&1½ $ ¼30&1½ = 58 0-05 fo’okl ds Lrj ij = 2.00 0-01 fo’okl ds Lrj ij = 2.66 O;k[;k % iz;qDr ifjdYiuk esa ¼’kkldh; 'kkyk½ xzkeh.k {ks= ds fu;af=r rFkk iz;ksxkRed lewg ds Nk=ksa dk iwoZ ijh{k.k ls dkfUrd vuqikr(CR) dk eku 0-06 izkIr gqvk A 0-05 fo’okl ds Lrj rFkk 0-01 fo’okl ds Lrj ds eku ls de gS A vr% nksuksa lewgksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd varj ugha gS i’p ijh{k.k esa dzkfa rd vuqikr (CR) dk eku 2-74 izkIr gqvk gS tks -05 fo’okl ds Lrj ,oa 0-01 fo’okl ds Lrj ds eku ls vf/kd gS vr% nksuksa lewgksa esa lkFkZd varj gS A ;gkW ifjdYiuk dz- 01 vLohd`r gksrh gS vkSj lR;kfir gksrk gS fd ijEijkxr fof/k rFkk Kkun’kZu ls f’k{k.k djus ij mudh miyfC/k esa lkFkZd gS ,oa Kkun’kZu ls f’k{k.k }kjk Nk= vf/kd miyfC/k izkIr djrs gS A rkfydk dz-2 ijh{k.k iwoZ ijh{k.k i’p ijh{k.k

Nk=ksa dk Nk=ksa dh e/;eku lewg la[;k fu;af=r 30 11-3

ekud fopyu 2-22

ekud =`fV 0-40

iz;ksxkRed 30

11-7

2-46

0-45

fu;af=r

13-04

2-48

0-45

15-9

2-74

0-5

iz;ksxkRed 30

dzkfUrd vuqikr

lkFkZdrk

0-43

lkFkZd varj ugha gS

3-01

lkFkZd varj gS

Dr. Surendra Kumar Tiwari & Dharashri Shrivas (Pg. 6481-6485)

6484

O;k[;k % iz;qDr ifjdYiuk esa xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa ds fu;af=r rFkk iz;ksxkRed lewgksa ds iwoZ ijh{k.k ls CR dk eku 0-43 izkIr gqvk tks 0-01 ,oa 0-05 fo’okl ds Lrj ls de gS A vr% nksuksa lewgksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd varj ugha gS A i’p ijh{k.k esa dzkfa rd vuqikr (CR) dk eku 3-01 izkIr gqvk gS tks 0-01 fo’okl ds Lrj ,oa 0-05 fo’okl ds Lrj ls vf/kd gS vr% nksuksa lewgksa esa lkFkZd varj gS A ;gkW ifjdYiuk dz- 02 vLohd`r gksrh gS vkSj lR;kfir gksrk gS fd ijEijkxr fof/k dh vis{kk Kkun’kZu ls f’k{k.k }kjk Nk=kvksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k c<rh gS A iznRrksa ds fo'ys"k.k ,oa O;k[;k ds vk/kkj ij ifjdYiuvkksa dk lR;kiu fuEukuqlkj fd;k x;k gS A ifjdYiuk dzekad 1 ijEijkxr fof/k ,oa Kkun’kZu ls f’k{k.k djus ij xzkeh.k Nk=ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa dksbZ lkFkZd varj ugha gS A izek.khdj.k %

rkfydk dz-1 ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gksrk gS fd xzkeh.k 'kkldh; 'kkykvksa ds iz;ksxkRed lewg ds Nk=ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k eas lkFkZd varj gS A ;g varj muesa Kkun’kZu ls f'k{k.k ds dkj.k gqvk A

fu"d"kZ %

ifjdYiuk vLohd`r gksrh gS A

ifjdYiuk dzekad 2 ijEijkxr fof/k ,oa Kkun’kZu ls f’k{k.k djus ij xzkeh.k Nk=kvksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa dksbZ lkFkZd varj ugha gS A izek.khdj.k % rkfydk dz-2 ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gksrk gS fd xzkeh.k 'kkldh; 'kkykvksa ds iz;ksxkRed lewg dh Nk=kvksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k eas lkFkZd varj gS A ;g varj muesa Kkun’kZu ls f'k{k.k ds }kjk gh izkIr gqvk gS A

fu"d"kZ %

ifjdYiuk vLohd`r gksrh gS A

 fu"d"kZ %& ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa Kkun’kZu vk/kkfjr f’k{k.k ,oa ijEijkxr f’k{k.k fof/k }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k dk rqyukRed v/;;u A fo"k; ij v/;;u djus ls fuEufyf[kr fu"d"kZ izkIr gq;s %& 1xzkeh.k 'kkldh; 'kkykvksa ds Nk=ksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ij Kkun’kZu }kj f’k{k.k dk lkFkZd izHkko iM+rk gS A 2xzkeh.k 'kkldh; 'kkykvksa dh Nk=kvksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ijEijkxr fof/k dh vis{kk Kkun’kZu f’k{k.k }kjk vf/kd izHkkfor gksrh gS A 3ek/;fed Lrj ij d{kk vkBoha dh Nk= ,oa Nk=kvksa dks ijEijkxr fof/k dh vis{kk Kkun’kZu ls f’k{k.k djus ij mudh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k esa leku :Ik ls o`f) gksrh gS A vFkkZr fyax Hksn dk 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ij dksbZ varj ugha iMrk gS A 4'kgjh 'kkldh; 'kkykvksa ds Nk=ksa dh d{kk vkBoha ds xf.kr fo"k; dk Kkun’kZu ls f’k{k.k djus ij 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k es o`f) gksrh gS A Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Surendra Kumar Tiwari & Dharashri Shrivas (Pg. 6481-6485)

6485

'kgjh 'kkldh; 'kkykvksa dh Nk=kvksa dh Hkh Kkun’kZu ls f’k{k.k djus ij 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k c<rh gS A 6'kgjh 'kkldh; ek/;fed 'kkykvksa esa d{kk vkBoha xf.kr fo"k; dk f’k{k.k ijEijkxr fof/k ,oa Kkun’kZu }kjk djus ij Nk= ,oa Nk=kvksa dh 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k leku :Ik ls c<rh gS A vr% 'kS{kf.kd miyfC/k ij fyax Hksn dk dksbZ izHkko ugha iMrk gS A lanHkZ xzaFk lwph %& jk; MkW- ]ikjlukFk]vuqla/kku ifjp;] y{ehukjk;.k vxzoky vLirky jksM] vkxjk A ljhu ,oa ljhu] 'kSf{kd vuqla/kku fof/k;ka] fouksn iqLrd eafnj] vkxjkA d{kk 6Vh xf.kr] e/;izns'k ikB~;iqLrd fuxe HkksikyA dqyJs"B] MkW- ,l-ih- ]'kSf{kd rdfudh] fouksn iqLrd eafnj ]vkxjkA 'kekZ] MkW- psru] xf.kr f'k{k.k] vkj-yky cqd fMiks ]esjB A xSjV ]MkW- gsujh bZ-]f'k{kk vkSj euksfoKku esa lkaf[;dh]odhYl QsQj ,.M lheUl ,y-Vh-,l- ckEcs&400038 ,tqlsV ls lacaf/kr ikB~; lkexzhA http:/www.edusatindia.org/top.htm. http:/www.isro.org/.