THE CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF AYURVEDIC PATHYA- APATHYA KALPANA IN VIKAAR CAUSED BY VISHA by Scholarly Research Journal"s

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2021 = 7.380, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, JAN-FEB, 2022, VOL- 9/69

THE CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF AYURVEDIC PATHYA- APATHYA KALPANA IN VIKAAR CAUSED BY VISHA Vd. Durga Gorakh Satav1 & Vd. Vertika Srivastava2 1

Assistant Professor, BAMS MD Kayachikitsa, Siddhakala Ayurved Mahavidyalaya,

Sangamner kh. Mail id: drdurgasatav28@gmail.com 2

BAMS MD Agad Tantra, E-mail- vertika.srivastava007@gmail.com

Paper Received On: 21 FEB 2022 Peer Reviewed On: 28 FEB 2022 Published On: 1 MAR 2022

Abstract Ayurveda is one of the oldest recognized system of medicine with the rich heritage of fundamental concepts. One of the most important concept among all is Pathya-apathya Sankalpana. The management of any vikaar with the help of Aushadh- kalpana can give more than the expected result only when it is accompanied with Pathya-apathya kalpana, as it not only provides nutrition and helps to recover from vyadhi but also prevents the recurrence of disease. Agad-Tantra is the branch of ashtang ayurveda which deals with the management of various vishavikaar. Along with the basic principles of neutralization of poison, ayurvedic classic also enumerates the pathya-apathya with visha-chikitsa. In visha-vikaar, pathya-apathya will nourish the dhatus to normal state, combat the effect of poison in residual form and prevents the arousal of any complication. The objective of this paper is to evidence the Pathya (do’s) and apathya (dont’s) to be accompanied with visha-chikitsa for the better management of visha-vikaar. Key-words- Pathya-apathya , Visha-vikaar.

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com Introduction Ayurved is known as; “The Sovereign branch of science” due to its strong fundamental basics. Besides of its ultimate concepts like nidan-panchak & nidan-parivarjan, it is blessed with the unique contribution of PATHYA-APATHYA sankalpana.[1] Pathya & apathya in the form of diet and regimen helps to maintain the equilibrium of health in both swastha (healthy) as well as vyadhita (diseased). The Aacharyas found it so resourceful that they encrafted pathya & apathya in Dincharya and Ritucharya for swastha as well as with Chikitsa for vyadhita. Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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The pathya-apathya followed by vyadhita purusha after chikitsa not just provides nutrition to the body tissues but also helps to recover from diseases and reduces the chances of recurrence and complications. VISHA-VIKAAR is the diseased state which is manifested with the features of poisoning caused by animate (janagam visha), inanimate (sthavar visha), artificial (krutrima visha) or cumulative (dooshi-visha), etc. poisons. The chikitsa in visha-vikaar is an state of emergency and the complete recovery is a challenge for medical science. In this context, the pin-point treatment and following pathya and apathya mentioned in ayurvedic compendia gives a great hope. Aim & Objectives1. To enlist the pathya & apathya in visha-vikaar from ayurvedic texts. 2. To assess the gunas of pathya-apathya dravyas combating the complications and dreadful effects due to visha. Material1. Data collection from various ayurvedic text. 2. Other alliances- various databases and websites. MethodologyThis paper will be presented by compilation of data from various ayurvedic texts & other allied sources. Finally, the conclusion will be drawn according to the data collected. Discussion

Facts and figures- [9,10] 1. As per WHO- Over 45,000 children and teenager die from accidental as well as intentional type of poisoning each year i.e, approx. 123 children per day. 2. As per Poison Control National Capital Poison Centre- In the year 2014, the accidental and intentional poisoning includes about 28,90,909 cases across the United states . 3. The statistical figures for Indian subcontinent is not clear as numerous of cases remains unreported.

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Causative Agents- [2] The hetus of visha-vikaar, many of the times occur as accidental than intentional. These are categorized as- 1. Jangam visha ( animate poison) 2. Sthavar visha ( inanimate poison) 3. Krutrim visha (artificial poison) 4. Dooshi-visha (cumulative poison)

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Attribute & Clinical Manifestation-[3] The Aacharyas have described the clinical manifestation of visha according to vishavega and karma of 10 gunas of visha. Here , the guna-karma are listed asTable no.1- Guna-Karma of Visha [3] S.no. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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Guna Ruksha Ushna Teekshna Sukshma Aashu Vyavayi Vikashi Vishad Laghu Avyakta rasa

Karma Vata prakopa. Pitta prakopa. Buddhimoha and removes marma bandhan. Rakta prakopa. Shighra pranaharan. Shighra-prasaran in sharir. Prana-naashak. Kleda shoshan and ropan. Lekhan and Dushchikitsiya. Kafa prakopa and annarasa dushti.

Clinical pathologyDosha - Vatadi dosha-prakopa. Dushya- Rasa, Rakta,Oja, Mamsa, Meda, Asthi, Majja, Shukra. Srotas – Sarva-srotas.

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Treatment – In ayurvedic classics, the chikitsa of visha-vikaar comprises of 1. Chaturvinshati upakrama. 2. Panchakarma chikitsa. 3. Agad-aushadh.

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Pathya-apathyaAacharyas have beautifully inscribed the pathya-apathya sankalpana after the visha chikitsa. To combat the effect of visha after shodhan, the dravyas enlisted as pathya should have potential of –

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1. Vatadi dosha shamanam. 2. Shesha-visha shamanaartha. 3. Dhatu-bala vardhanartha. 4. Hrudaya-bala rakshanaartha. 5. Oja vardhakashcha. 6. Vishanaashah. Pathya dravya- The attributes of pathya dravyas which acts with potency demanded for visha shaman are compiled as below- (REF.-Ch.Chi.23/224-227) Table no.2- Guna-Karma of Pathya Dravya [4,6,7,8] S.no

Pathya dravya

Rasa

Vipaak

Veerya

Doshaghnata

Shaali

MadhurKashaya

Madhur

Sheeta

Pitta- shaman

Shashtik

Madhur

Sheeta

Tridoshaghna

Kordoosh

Madhur

Sheeta

Pitta-shaman

Kafaghna, grahi.

Priyangu

Madhur

Sheeta

Ruksha-guru, sangrahi, balya.

Saindhav

Lavan

Madhur

Sheeta

Rakta-pitta shaman Tridosha – shaamak

Tanduliyak

Madhur

Sheeta

Jeevanti

Madhur

Sheeta

Vaartak

Katu

Sheeta

Sunishdak

Madhur

Sheeta

Tridoshaghna

Laghu-ruksha, grahi, veerya-vardhak.

10.

Mandukparni

Madhur

Sheeta

Tridoshashamak

Laghu, raktashodhak, vranaropak.

11.

Patola

Katu-tikta

Katu

Ushna

Tridoshaghna

12.

Amalaki

Sarva-rasa (ext.lavan)

Madhur

Sheeta

Pitta-shamak

13.

Amladaadim

Amla

Annushna

Vata-shamak

14.

Mudga

Katu

Sheeta

15.

Arahar

Katu

Sheeta

16.

Enda

Madhur

Sheeta

KashayaMadhur TiktaKashaya

Madhurtikta Madhurkashaya Tik.kash.madhur

Kashayamadhur Kashayamadhur Kashayamadhur

Kafa-pitta shaman Sarvadoshaghna Vata-nashak, pitta-karak

Kafa-pittaghna Vatakar Kafa-pitta shamak,vatkar Tridoshashamak

Guna-Karma Snigdha-laghu, tridosha naashak, bruhan. Snigdha-laghu, sthairyakarak, stanyajanan.

Hrudya, chakshushya. Laghu-ruksha,raktapittahar, madaghna,VISHAGHNA. Jeevaniya,chatushya. Guru, shukra-vrudhikar.

Laghu-snigdha, vrushya, dhatu-vardhak. Laghu-ruksha,vrushya, shukra-vardhak. Snigdha, balya, shukravardhan. Laghu -ruksha-vishad, grahi, VISHAGHNA. Ruksha-laghu. Rakta-prasadan, balya.

Vd. Durga Gorakh Satav & Vd. Vertika Srivastava (Pg. 16353-16358) 17.

Mayura

18.

Saahi

19.

Lava

20.

Tittira

21.

Binduyukta - heeran

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Madhur

Ushna

Vata-shamak

Balya, agni-mamsa-shukra vardhak.

Katu

Sheeta

Tridoshanaashak

Balya.

Katu

Ushna

Tridoshaghna

Madhur

Katu

Ushna

Tridoshaghna

Madhur

Sheeta

Tridoshashamak

Madhur Madhuramla Kashayamadhur

Laghu, grahi, VISHAGHNA. Guru, vataghna and vatashaman Laghu, balya.

Apathya dravya - The attributes of the dravyas which enhances the effect of poison and leads to the arousal of complications after visha chikitsa; are enlisted below as apathya dravyas (REF-Ch.Chi.23/228) Table no.3- Guna-Karma of Apathya Dravya [5] S.no.

Apathya dravya

Guna-dosha Karma

Viruddha aahar

Tridoshakopa, rasadi dhatu dushti.

Adhyashan

Tridoshakopa, agni-vaishamya.

Krodha

Pitta-prakopa.

Kshuta

Rasaadi-dhatu ksheenata.

Bhaya

Vata-prakopa.

Vyayaam

Vatavruddhi, dhatu-kshaya.

Maitun

Vatadi-dosha prakopa,dhatu-bala ksheenata.

Divaswaap

Pitta-kafa prakopa,rasa-raktadushti.

Conclusion From the above data, it can be concluded that Ayurved is the self-sufficient for the management of cases of poisoining. In this, pathya-apathya plays a pivot role, by following which the body tissues are nourished and the dreadful effects of poison gets abated. Scope There is a lot of scope for discovering more aahariya-apathya dravyas, availability of pathya dravyas in the present scenario, mode of action according to active principles of pathya and apathya dravyas. Acknowledgement I would like to pay my sincere thanks to my Guide Dr. Jayant J. Phadke for his valuable thoughts and guidance, because of which I could gather all the information for this paper. Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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References Aacharya Vidyadhar Shukla & Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Charaksamhita-Vol.1, Chaukhamba Prakashan, 2nd edition reprint 2013, Sutra sthan. [ ref.Ch.Su.25/45.] Aacharya Vidyadhar Shukla & Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Charaksamhita-Vol.2, Chaukhamba Prakashan, 2nd edition reprint 2010, Chikitsa sthan. [ ref.Ch.Chi.23/6,14.] Aacharya Vidyadhar Shukla & Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Charaksamhita-Vol.2, Chaukhamba Prakashan, 2nd edition reprint 2010, Chikitsa sthan. [ ref.Ch.Chi.23/24.] Aacharya Vidyadhar Shukla & Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Charaksamhita-Vol.2, Chaukhamba Prakashan, 2nd edition reprint 2010, Chikitsa sthan. [ ref.Ch.Chi.23/224227.] Aacharya Vidyadhar Shukla & Prof. Ravidatta Tripathi, Charaksamhita-Vol.2, Chaukhamba Prakashan, 2nd edition reprint 2010, Chikitsa sthan. [ ref.Ch.Chi.23/228.] Shri Brahmashankar Mishra & Shri Rupalal Ji Vaishya, Bhavaprakaash, Chaukhamba Prakashan, 11th edition reprint 2007, Aahar varga. Aacharya Priyavrat Sharma, Dravya-guna Vidnyan-Vol. 3, Chaukhamba Prakashan, 3rd edition, Aahar dravya. Dr. Arvind Limaye, Annapuran-Ayurvedic & Aadhunik, Mehta Publication House, 1st edition reprint 2012, Aahar dravya (chap.3,6,7&14). WHO official website. http:// www.poison .org / Poison Statistics National Data-2014.