Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.49366, JAN-FEB 2018, VOL- 5/43 SELF PERCEPTION AMONG THE NINTH STANDARD STUDENTS IN KALLAKURICHI EDUCATIONAL DISTRICT O. SenthilKumar1 & S. Devasahayam Selvakumar2, Ph. D. 1
Ph. D. Scholar Assistant Professor, A. K. T . Memorial College of Education, Kallakurichi.
2
Research Supervisor, Principal, Meston College of Education, Chennai -14.
Self perception is hypothesized to have an impact on the choices of activities, effort expenditure, perseverance in the face of difficulties and expectations of eventual success .In this research work carried out among IX standard students, the samples are 1066 from the different schools, Normative survey method and Stratified random sampling technique was used, The investigator designed Self Perception Inventory had 29 Statements, administered and discussed level, significance difference of the self perception .The finding of this study indicates that IX Standard girls students can organize and implement actions in a specific situation better than male IX Standard students. Keywords: Self perception, Personality, Emotions, Behavior Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
INTRODUCTION Self perception is defined as the individual’s judgment of how will one can organize and implement actions in a specific situation, which may contain ambiguous, unpredictable ,and stressful elements (Bandura,1977). Wig field and Karpathian (1991) also explained self perception as knowledge structures about the self that organize the individuals interpretations of their experiences and guide their behaviors. Self perception is hypothesized to have an impact on the choices of activities, effort expenditure, perseverance in the face of difficulties and expectations of eventual success (Bandura, 1977b; Bandura &Schunk, 1981).For instance, individuals tend to determine their ability to performin a given situation and then form expectations of their success or failure. This, in turn, affects their future achievement-oriented behavior (Weiner et al., 1971). When individuals have low assurance that they will actually be able to accomplish a task, they tend to become fearful and stressed, and attempt to avoid the task they believe exceeds their coping capacity. In contrast, when individuals judge that they are capable of handling a situation, they become highly involved in the activities and apply strategies to help them trouble shoot the potential problems in performing the task. Copyright Š 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
O. SenthilKumar & Dr. S. Devasahayam Selvakumar 71 (Pg. 9570-9575)
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ✓
To find the level of Self Perception of IX Standard students.
✓
To study the significant differences between the self perception of IX Standard students based on the select sub samples gender, locality, medium of instruction, and type of management schools.
HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY ✓
The level of Self Perception of IX Standard students is average in nature.
✓
There is no significant difference between the self perception by IX Standard students based on the select sub samples gender, locality, medium of instruction, and type of management schools.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS SELF PERCEPTION It refers to the way in which people come to understand their own attitudes and believes based their behavior in given situation. It is effectively a model of oneself from the perspective ofan outside observer. In the present study, it is measured by Self Perception Inventory, constructed and validated by the investigator and Dr.S.Devasahayam Selvakumar (2016). SAMPLE AND METHOD Normative survey method was adopted for the study. Stratified random sampling technique was employed, 1066 students from 22 schools studying in Government, Government Aided, and Self finance School in villupuram district have been selected for the study. TOOL The investigator designed a separate tool for measuring the self perception of the students. The draft Self Perception Inventory had 29 Statements. STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES USED The collected data were analyzed by using statistical technique like percentage analysis, t - test and F - test. HYPOTHESIS The level of self perception of IX standard students is average in nature.
Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
O. SenthilKumar & Dr. S. Devasahayam Selvakumar 72 (Pg. 9570-9575)
Table-1 Showing the Distribution of Low, Average and High Self Perception Groups In the Sample LOW
AVERAGE
HIGH
VARIABLE
Self Perception
N
%
N
%
N
%
273
25.6
486
45.6
307
28.8
From the above table, it is found that 45.6% of secondary students have average level of Self Perception; the high and low Self Perception groups are almost of equal size, suggesting that the scores in the sample are more or less normally distributed. HYPOTHESIS There is no significant difference between the self perception by IX Standard students based on the select sub samples gender, locality, medium of instruction, and type of management of schools. Table – 2 Showing the Mean Differences in Self Perception of Ix Standard Students Based On the Demographic Variables ‘t’ Variables
N
Mean
Level
of
SD Value Significance
Boys
516 84.34
11.160
Girls
550 85.00
12.301
Rural
835 85.54
11.797
Urban
231 81.58
11.117
Mediumof Tamil
787 85.21
12.391
Gender
Locality
instruction English 279 83.20
0.919
NS
4.576
0.01
2.458
0.01
9.640
From the above table , we infer the following a) IX Standard male and female students do not differ in their self perception. b) IX Standard rural and urban students do differ in their self perception c) IX Standard Tamil and English medium students do differ in their self perception
Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
O. SenthilKumar & Dr. S. Devasahayam Selvakumar 73 (Pg. 9570-9575)
Table – 3 Showing The Mean Differences In Self – Perception Of Ix Standard Students Based On Type Of Management Of Schools VARIABLES
SOURCES
Mean
Types of
Government
School
Government Aided 81.71 Self –Finance
SSb
‘F’
Level
Value
significance
of
SSw
85.13 2397.688 144941.9 8.792
0.01
85.99
From the above table, it is observed that IX Standard students studying in various type of management of schools do differ in their self perception. MAJOR FINDINGS The following are the major finding of the study 1. The level of self perception of IX standard students in average in nature. 2. Gender does not influence self perception in a students. 3. IX Standard rural students have higher self perception than the urban students. 4. IX Standard Tamil medium students have significantly higher self perception than the English medium students. 5. IX Standard students studying in self finance schools have higher self perception Government and Government Aided school students. DISCUSSION Influence of gender of secondary students on Self Perception The findings obtained in the present study concluded that gender did not have significant influence on their self-perception. The secondary school boys and girls are found to be similar in their self-perception. The result contradicts the study conducted by Aysegul Ozdemir Topaloglu (2015) that showed a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of self perception of university students with respect to gender and the study showed that the girl students’ Self Perception is higher than boys. However the study of Mihaela Chraif, Mihai Aniei (2013) on gender differences in measuring ‘positive emotions self-perception’ and ‘negative emotions self-perception’ among Romanian secondary students showed that girl’s ‘positive emotions self-perception’ is statistically higher than secondary school boy’s self-
Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
O. SenthilKumar & Dr. S. Devasahayam Selvakumar 74 (Pg. 9570-9575)
perception and school girl’s ‘negative emotions self-perception’ was also statistically significant higher than high school boy’s self-perception. Influence of locality on Self Perception Rural school social environment and community relationships promote the self – acceptance and self-perception of secondary students. Rural community is a small, closely – knitted community where every member knows each other and they had the chance of growing together. They emphasized the importance of relationships and relatedness. Thus, the secondary students enjoy the belongingness of peers, teachers and the community as they live in the same location and the teacher knew his/her students and all the students knew each other. They have lots of opportunities to involve actively in community activities (Herzog, Mary Jean Ronan; Pittman, Robert B., 1995). Thus the self- perception of secondary students living in rural area is constructed by the social acceptance and social relationship they perceive in the environment leading to significantly higher self –perception than students from urban areas. Influence of Medium of Instruction of secondary students on Self Perception The present study reveals a significant influence of medium of instruction on the selfperception of secondary students. The secondary students studying in Tamil medium have higher self-perception than secondary students studying in English medium. The inference of the present study is supported by many previous research findings. Medium of instruction has a very vital role in imparting education and it makes learning easy or difficult for a student. More recent research findings indicate the ineffectiveness of using English as the medium of instruction and the difficulties encountered by the students. The studies conducted in Hong Kong indicate that English as a medium of instruction for secondary students has had a significant negative effect on the size of academic vocabulary students (Lin & Morrison, 2010). Marsh, Hau and Kong (2006) concluded that instruction in English had sizeable negative effects on both academic self-concept and academic achievement. Influence of types of School Management on Self Perception The present study reveals that the secondary students studying in self-financing schools are found to be higher in their Self- Perception than the students studying in government and government aided schools .This may be due to the superior institutional climate of self-financing school than government and government aided schools. Students and parents perceive that self-financing schools to be more accountable and offer better
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O. SenthilKumar & Dr. S. Devasahayam Selvakumar 75 (Pg. 9570-9575)
quality education. The Probe Report (1999) notes that “In a private school, the teachers are accountable for providing quality education and for taking individual care to students. CONCLUSION The secondary student’s self perception have been researched on, and researchers have acknowledged that the school related factors such as weighty academic assignments, competitive learning environment, failures and poor relationships, social comparison in classroom, poor social environment heavy academic workload and inadequate physical classroom environments lead to poor self perception. To boost the self perception level of secondary students from low and moderate to high, the impact of above – mentioned factors need to be reduced by taking adequate rational and remedial measures. REFERENCES Bandura,A&Simon,K.M.(1977). The role of proximal intensions in self-regulation of refractory behaviour .Congitive Therapy and Reseach,1,177-193 Wigfield, A. & Karpathian, M. (1991). Who am I and what can I do? Children' s self - concepts and motivation in achievement situations. Educational Psychologist, 26(3&4), 233-261 Bandura, A. (1981). Self-referent thought: A develop-mental analysis of self-efficacy. In J. H. Flavell& L Ross (Eds.), Social cognitive development; Frontiers and possible futures. Cambridge; Cambridge University Press. Schunk, D. H. (1981). Modeling and attributional effects on children's achievement; A self-efficacy analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 93-105. Weiner, B., Frieze, I., Kukla, A., Reed, L., Rest, S. & Rosenbaum, R. (1971). Perceiving the causes of success and failure. NY: General Learning Press. AysegulOzdemir Topaloglu.,(2015) The Relationship between University Students’ Self Perception, Life Satisfaction and Various Variables, 6th World conference on Psychology Counseling and Guidance, 14 – 16, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 205 (2015) 349–355,doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.09.096. MihaelaChraif, MihaiAniei.,(2013) Gender differences in measuring positive and negative emotions self-perception among Romanian high school students-a pilot study.5th International Conference EDU-WORLD 2012 - Education Facing Contemporary World Issues, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences 76 ( 2013 ) 181 – 185, doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.095 Lin, l. H. F.,& Morrison, B. (2010).The impact of the medium of instruction in Hong Kong secondary schools on tertiary students’ vocabulary. Journal of English for Academic Purposes,9 (4), 255-266. doi: 10.1016 Marsh, H. W, Hau, K. T & Kong, C. K. (2006). Multilevel causal ordering of academic self-concept and achievement: Influence of language, of instruction (English Compared with Chinese) for Hong Kong Students. American Educational Research Journal, 39(3) 727-763. doi: 10.3102/00028312005004437 Herzog, Mary Jean Ronan; Pittman, Robert B.,(1995) Home, Family, and Community: Ingredients in the Rural Education Equation. ED 388-463,RC 020 219
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