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Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language , Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2016 = 4.44, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.48612, FEB-MAR 2018, VOL- 6/26

https://doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v6i26.11394

laLd`r lkfgR; esa ekuokf/kdkj dk Lo:i chjiky flag, Ph. D.

jhMj & laLd`r, jktdh; egk fo- xkSaMk vyhx< Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

Ekkuo vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk] igpku ,oa mudk fØ;kUOk;u cgqr egRoi.w kZ ,o a tfVy gS D;ksfad bldh vo/kkj.kk ,o a vFkZ e sa vke lgefr ugh a gSA ;g lkekftd n'kkvksa s izHkkfor gkuss okyh ,d xfr'khy vo/kkj.kk gSA

**ekuo vf/kdkj] vk/kkjHkwr vFkZ esa os ekSfyd vf/kdkj gSa tks fd

izR;sd O;fDr dks jkT; ;k yksd izkf/kdkj ds }kjk ekuo gksus ds ukrs izkIr gksus pkfg, bl gsrq ekuo ds fy, ekuo ifjokj dk lnL; gksuk gh i;kZIr gS mlds fy, fdlh vU; 'krZ dh vko';drk ugha gSA^^2 izkÑfrd dkuuw dk vfUre rF; ds #i esa vkd"kZd fl)kUr ;gh gS fd dsoy ukxfjd gh ugh a lHkh O;fDr;ksa dh jkT; dsncko ls j{kk dh tkuh pkfg,A**3 ^^ oSfnd dky ls gh ekuokf/kdkj laj{k.k gksrk vk jgk gSA O;ogkj esa lkekftd dY;k.k dk Hkko LkoksZifj Fkk tks fd ekuokf/kdkj dk ewy gSA izkphu Hkkjr esa lukru /keZ dk fo/kku u dsoy /kkfeZd ,oa uSfrd fo/kku Fkk oju~ jktk ds O;ogkjk]sa n.M fo/kkuksa dks Hkh fu;fa =r o larqfyr djrk FkkA og Hkh FkkA fof/k ds le{k lerk ,oa fof/k;ksa dk leku lja {k.k dh if'peh vo/kkj.kk ds Hkkfa r ;s vo/kkj.kk izkphu Hkkjrh; jkT; O;oLFkk ds lpa kyu esa dUs nzh; Hkko j[krh FkhA /keZ&'kkL=ksa esa gh ugh] uhfr&'kkL=ksa esa Hkh jk

sa dk o.kZu foLrkjiwoZd fd;k tkrk Fkk rkfd

jktk iFk&Hkz"V uk gksA jkT;ksa dk Lo:i jktrU=kRed gksrs gq;s Hkh ykds rkfa =d izÑfr fy, gq, s FkkA Hkkjrh; /keZ&'kkL=kas o uhfr&'kkL=ksa esa izk.kh ek= ds izfr n;k dh Hkkouk dk izfriknu fd;k x;k gSA bl izdkj ekuokf/kdkjksa dk Hkkjrh; lna HkZ O;kid ifjiz{; s fy;s gq, gSA jktk iajijkvksa ,oa izFkkvksa dk lEeku Hkh djrk FkkA jkT; dh iztk ds dY;k.k dk /;ku j[kuk jkt/keZ gS rqyqylh us dgk gS %& ^^tkds jkt fiz; iztk nq[kkjh] lks u`Ik vol ujd vf/kdkjhA** 2 ;q)

d esa Hk;ksRiUu dj jgk gSA

izFke fo” o ;q) lu~ 1914&1918 ds Hk;kud ujlagkj ds dkj.k vkt dk ekuo ekuokf/kdkj ij lkspus dks foo” k gqvk vkSj 10 fnlEcj

” oO;kih ekuokf/kdkj dh

Dr. Birpal Sinh 7241 (Pg. 7240-7245)

ij ckj& ckj fons” kh vkØe.k gq,A blds ifj.kkeLo:i ge ,d yEcs le; rd viuh izkphu /kjksgj ds izfr mnklhu gks x,A ;g bl ns” k dh ifjfLFkfrtU; lq” kqIrkoLFkk FkhA bl voLFkk esa Hkh Hkkjr dh oSfnd laLd`fr v{kq..k jghA vkt fo/oal ds bl dky esa gesa viuh izkphu] laLd`fr] lH;rk vkSj lkfgR; dh vksj ns[kuk gksxkA gfFk;kjksa dh gksM+ ls mRiUu gksus okys loZuk” k dk mYys[k djrs gq, ,d fgUnh dfo dgrk gS&

^geus i{kh dh rjg vkdk”k esa mM+uk lh[k fy;k gS geus eNyh dh rjg ty esa rSjuk lh[k fy;k gS fdUrq gesa ekuo dh rjg Hkwfe ij pyuk ugha vk;kAA* vkt ;q) dh Hk;kog fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, fnudj ds dq:{ks= dh ;s iafDr;kWa lkFkZd yxrh gSa& ^dkSu jksrk gS ogkWa bfrgkl ds v/;k; ijA* fnudj us viuh blh dfork dq:{ks= esa gh dgk gS& ^vxyk ;q) ijek.kq ls yM+k tk,xk vkS

k lsA* ;g lgh gSA

V /oal gks tk;sxh rc ge ,d ckj iqu% taxyh gksx a s vkSj rhj vkSj ” kdkj djsx a sA fo” o ds izR;sd lkfgR; esa tyIykou dh ?kVuk fdlh u fdlh :i esa feyrh gS ij ;fn ijek.kq ;q) gksrk gS rks i`Foh jk[k ls <dh gksxhA ty tks thou gS jgsxk ;k ugha] ;g ;{kiz” u gekjs lEeq[k mifLFkr gksxkA ekdZ.Ms; iqjk.k dh ,d dFkk ds vuqlkj izy; ls iwoZ czãk th ekdZ.

k ls

V ds lkjs chtksa dks ,d uko esa

k us uko cuok;h vkSj lHkh chtksa dks mlesa ykn fy;kA uko izy; dh ygjksa esa cgrh gqbZ v{k;oV ls tks fgekfnz dh rygVh esa fLFkr Fkk] tks VdjkbZ&

^cWa/kh egkoV ls ukSdk Fkh lw[ks esa vc iM+h jghA mrj pyk Fkk og ty Iykou vkSj fudyus yxh eghAA* ¼izlkn% dkek;h] fpUrk lxZ½ blds ckn ekdZ.Ms; _f” k

” kZu gq,&

^djkjfoUns u inkjfoUns] eq[kkjfoUns fofuos”k;Ure~A ky eqdqUna f”kjlk uekfeAA* izy; ds ckn chtksa ds laj{k.k dh ckr rks iqjk.kksa esa] _Xosn ds dqN _pkvksa esa feyrh gS ij jk[k ds <sj esa ifjofrZr gks pqdh /kjk ij iquthZou dk iz ” u gh ugha mBrk rc ;g i`Foh Hkh vU; xzgksa dh rjg /kwy dk co.Mj cudj jg tk;sxhA ,sls le; esa gesa lH;rk ds vkfndky dh vksj okil vkuk gksxkA tgkWa ekuo ds dY;k.k dh Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Birpal Sinh 7242 (Pg. 7240-7245)

lukru /keZxzUFkksa esa ekuokf/kdkj dh vo/kkj.kk vfrizkphu dky ls gSA lafgrkc) Hkkjrh; fgUnw fof/k dksbZ iwoZ bfrgkl ugha gSA ;g osn gh Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds mn~xe gSaA Hkkjr lfn;ksa ls bUgha oSfnd tk oSfnd fu;eksa dk ikyu iztk ds fy, djrk FkkA bu fu;eksa dks gh /keZ dgk tkrk FkkA ekuo dY;k.k ds dk;Z /keZ gSaA ftu deksaZ ls ekuo dk vdY;k.k gksrk Fkk os v/keZ FksA v/keZ ds fy, n.M dh O;oLFkk FkhA ekuokf/kdkj dk LFkku loksZPp FkkA U;k; dh ifjHkk” kk Hkh ;g gS fd nwljs dk vfgr djus okyk nf.Mr gksA ;g dkj.k gS fd fgUnw fof/k dks /keZ ‘ kCn gh ifjHkkf” kr djrk gSA _Xosn] euqLe`fr vkfn lHkh xzUFkksa esa blh /keZ vFkkZr~ drZO; ds vk/kkj ij lkekftd fu;eksa dk o.kZu gSA Hkkjr esa fgUnw fof/k ds Ldwyksa ds nk;Hkkx vkSj ferk{kjk dks Lohdkj fd;kA caxky dks NksM+dj ‘ ks” k Hkkjr esa nk;Hkkx O;oLFkk izpfyr FkhA nk;Hkkx vkSj ferk{kj Ldwyksa dh fVIi.kh dks vkt Hkh Hkkjrh; U;k;ky;ksa esa ekU;rk feyrh gSA ” k;ksa us mls lqukA lquus ds dkj.k osn Jqr gq,A Jqr ijEijk ls Lej.k djds ys[ku esa vk,A blhfy, budks Le`fr dgk x;kA budk jpukdkj bfrgkl esa of.kZr ugha gS&

Jqfr% Le`fr% lnkpkj% LoL; p fiz;e~ vkReu%A lE;d~ ladYit% dkeks /kekZewye~ bna Le`re~AA vkxs pydj ^/keZ* dk vFkZ ladqfpr gksrk x;kA vkt /keZ dk vFkZ gks x;k gS ^/kkfeZd d`R;ksa dk lEiknu*A tcfd ‘ kkL=ksDr /keZ dk vFkZ Fkk& ^ekuo dY;k.k ds fy, fd;k x;k drZO;* ekuo dY;k.k dh Hkkouk l`f” V ds ewy esa lnk gh jgh gSA vFkkZr~ vius LokFkZ dk ifjR;kx dj nwljs ds fgr dh ckr djuk dY;k.k gSA blh dks ‘ kkL=ksa esa /keZ dh laKk nh xbZ gSA /keZ ‘ kCn ^/k`* /kkrq ls fu” iUu gS ftldk vFkZ gS& /kkj.k djukA blh dks osnO;kl us ^;% /kkj;rs bfr /keZ%* dgk gSA bls ge bl :i esa Hkh O;k[;kf;r dj ldrs gSa fd lalkj ds lHkh thoksa ds fy, tks dY;k.kdjh gks og /keZ gSA /keZ ds vUrxZr drZO; ‘ kCn Hkh fufgr gSA fgUnw /keZxzUFkksa ds vuqlkj tUe ls e`R;qi;ZUr lHkh NksVs&cM+s dk;Z /keZ gSaA blh ekuo /keZ ls izkphu Hkkjr dh jktuhfr] lektuhfr] vFkZuhfr vkSj lkaLd`frd uhfr vuqizekf.kr gSA jktk dk /keZ gS og iztk ds dY;k.k dk /;ku j[ksA rqylh ds ‘ kCnksa esa& ^tklq jkt fiz; iztk nq[kkjhA lks u`i vofl ujd vf/kdkjh*& euqLe`fr ds lIre v/;k; esa Hkh jkt/keZ dk o.kZu gSA n`” VC;%

Dr. Birpal Sinh 7243 (Pg. 7240-7245)

jktk dks iztk ds lkFk fdl izdkj rFkk dSlk vkpj.k djuk pkfg,] fdl izdkj mldks iztk ikyu esa flf) feyrh gS( eSa mu lc jkt/keksaZ dk ifjp; nsrk gwWa osnksDr fof/k ls laLdkj fd, x, {kf=; dks vius jkT; dh lEiw.kZ iztk dk U;k;iwoZd lqlx a r j{k.k djuk pkfg,A oLrqvksa dk vknku&iznku /keZ ds vUrxZr ‘ kkL=ksa esa of.kZr gSA ‘ kkL=ksa esa o.kZ /keZ] vkJe /keZ] lkekU; /keZ vkSj lk/ku /keZ ;s pkj izdkj ds /keksZa dk fu:i.k gSA lkekU; /keZ ds ikyu dk /keZ gS vkSj ;gh ekuo /keZ gSA Jhen~ Hkkxor~ ds lIre~ LdUn ds X;kjgosa v/;k; esa ekuo /keZ ds rhu y{k.k crk, x, gSa& n`” VO;%

lR;a n;k ri% ‘ kkSpa frfr{ks{kk ‘ keks ne%A vfgalk czg~ep;Z p R;kx% Lok/;k; vktZoe~AA vFkkZr~ gs ;qf/kf” Bj! ‘ kkL=ksa esa /keZ ds rhu y{k.k dgs x, gSaA os gSa& lR;] n;k] riL;k] ‘ kkSp] frfr{kk ¼lgkuqHkwfr½] mfpr&vuqfpr dk fopkj] eu dk la;e] bfUnz;ksa dk la;e] vfgalk] czg~ep;Z] R;kx] Lok/;k;] ljyrk] lUrks”

” kk] lkalkfjd Hkkxksa dh

ps” Vk ls /khjs& /khjs fuo`fRr] euq” ; ds vfHkekuiw.kZ iz;Ru dk Qy izfrdwy gksrk gS ;g fopkj] ekSu] vkRef Hkko] lUrksa ds ije vkJ; Hkxoku d`” .k ds yhyk rFkk uke xq.k vkfn dk Jo.k&dhrZu] Lej.k] mudh iwtk vkSj ueLdkj] muds izfr nkL;] la[; vkSj vkRe&leiZ.k ;g rhl izdkj ds vkpj.k ekuo ds ije /keZ gSaA euqLe`fr esa budks nl y{k.kksa esa gh lekfgr dj fn;k x;k gS n`” VC;&

^Jqfr {kek neks] Lrs;a ‘ kkSpfefUnz; fuxzg%A vFkkZr~ /k`fr] {kek] ne] vLrs;] ‘ kkSp] pksjh u djuk] bfUnz; fuxzg] fo|k] lR; vkSj vØks/k /keZ ds ;s nl y{k.k gSaA ;g ‘ kkL=ksDr ekuo /keZ gS tks lalkj ds lHkh thoksa ds fy, gSA ;g lH;rk ds izrhd gSaA lH;rk dbZ ckj iuih gS fdUrq ccZjksa dh la[;k vf/kd gksus ds dkj.k foyqIr gekjs izkphu ‘ kkL=ksa esa ,d O;ofLFkr loZ dY;k.kdkjh lekt dh LFkkiuk gsrq /keZ ds }kjk LFkkfir lkekftd O;oLFkk ekuo fujUrj Lohdkj djrh vk jgh gSA dkykUrj esa /keZ dk Lo:i lqfo/kkuqlkj ifjHkkf” kr fd, tkus ds dkj.k fod`r gksrk x;kA ^ftldh ykBh mldh HkSal* Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

‘ kkfUr

Dr. Birpal Sinh 7244 (Pg. 7240-7245)

gkFk esa vk x;kA bu dV~Vj ifUFk;ksa us /keZ ds uke ij viuh nwdkusa ltk yhaA izkphu Hkkjrh; ekuo&ewY;ksa esa ifjorZu vk;k vkSj lukru /keZ loZO;kid laLd`frLo:i ls ladqfpr gks] ,d lEiznk; tSlk cu x;kA blls ekuo ewY;ksa dk guu gqvkA /keZ( efUnjksa esa dSn gks x;kA efUnj vkSj Hkxoku ds e/; i.Ms vkSj iqjksfgr nyky cu x,A ,d vkSj leL;k vkbZ tks ;g Fkh fd vkØe.kdkjh ds vkrad ds dkj.k ^/keZ ifjorZu* ‘ kCn vfLrRo esa vk;kA turk =kfg&=kfg djus yxhA rc lxq.k HkfDr dkO;/kkjk dk mn; gqvkA bu lxq.k HkDr dfo;ksa us turk dh Hkk” kk esa gq, rqylhnkl dgrs gSa fd&

^dk Hkk”kk dk laLd`r izse pkfg, lkWapA dke tks vkos dkejh] dkys djs dekpAA* rqylh us jke dks e;kZnk iq:” kksRre uke fn;kA blls turk dks lqfo/kk gqbZA ljy] lqyHk vkSj lgt Hkk” kk dks vke tu us viuk;k vkSj jke dks vius vf/kd fudV ik;k& ^Hk;s izxV d`ikyk] nhu n;kyk] dkSlY;k fgrdkjh* us lcdks viuk fy;kA vc jke vke tu ds ekrk] firk] cU/kq] Lokfe] l[kk lHkh gSaA bl izdkj jkepfjr ekul us ekuo /keZ dh iquiZzfr” Bk dhA izkphu ‘ kkL=ksa esa ek= /keZ dh ckr gh ugha gS oju~ ekuokf/kdkj Hkh gSA oSfnd laLd`fr Li” V :i ls ekuokf/kdkj dh ckr djrh gSA Hkkjr esa lukru ls gh ekuo /keZ vkSj ekuo vf/kdkjksa dk Li” V mYys[k feyrk gSA oSfnd dky esa ekuo vf/kdkjksa dk mYys[k

esa feyrk

gS& n`” VC;%

euksjiR;Hkwrk fg i`fFkO;k% lwuoLr;k%AA /kekZFkZdkeeksok ;r~ iq:”kkFkZr;k erk%A lk/kus ekuokLrs”kka LoHkkonf|dkfj.k%AA* lanHkZ% Avasthi, A. and Avasthi, R.K. (2005), Modern Indian Social & Political Thought, New Delhi: Research Publication. Bakshi, P.M. (2003), The Constitution of India of India (New Delhi: Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. Basu, D.D. (2004), Constitution of Indian – An Introduction, New Delhi: Wadhwa and Company.

dkSy] tokgj ,y-,y-] áewew u jkbV~l] bZ'Z'ktwtw ,.M ilZiZifsfs DVo] ubZ fnYyh] ohvkj] ifCyf'akxa ] 1995 • dkSf'kd vk'kk] ekuokf/kdkj vkSjSj jkT; cnyr s lnana HkZ]Z] mHkjr s vk;ke] ikbs Va j ifCy'klZ] t;iqj] 2004 • dkSf'kd fot;] foeUl ewowowoeVsVa sa ,.M áewew ul jkbV~l] ikbs UVj ifCy'klZ] t;iqj]1997 • dkSf'kd vk'kk] ukjh l'kDrhdj.k foe'kZ ,o a ;FkkFkZ]Z ikbs UVj ifCy'klZ] t;iqj 302003] 2004 Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Birpal Sinh 7245 (Pg. 7240-7245)

• dkSj ijohu cns ] dUlIs V] F;ksjsjsjht ,.M izffsz s DVl vkWQWQ ?kewew u jkbV~l~l] jtr ifCyds'ku] ubZ fnYyh • • • •

2000 Ñ".k v¸;j] oh-vkj- áewew u jkbV~l % , tttsts felyusus h] oh[kUuk ,l-ds-] oewew usua sa ,.M nh áewew u jkbZVZV~l~l] dkeW uoYs Fk ifCy'klZ] nfj;kxta ] ubZ fnYyh] 1998 [kUuk ,p-vkj-] dkWLWLVhV;~;~ 'w'w ku ,.M flfoy fycVhZtZt] jk/kkÑ".ku izdk'ku ubZ fnYyh] 1988 [kj s lqHkk"k pUnz] áewew u jkbV~l~l ,.M ;uwuw kbVMsMs u's's kUl] eVsa ªkis kfs yfVu cqd izkfy- ubZ fnYyh] 1987