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Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.49366, JAN-FEB 2018, VOL- 5/43 SELF-CONCEPT AND MENTAL HEALTH OF THE HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS IN ALIPURDUAR DISTRICT Ujjwal Kumar Halder1, Ph. D. & Subhajit Saha2 1

Assistant Professor, Department of Education University of Gour Banga, Malda, West

Bengal – 732103. 2

Assistant Professor, D. El. Ed Section, Techno India Teachers Training Institute,

Alipurduar, WB – 736121.

The focus of this study is to examine the correlation between Self-concept and Mental Health of the higher secondary level students in Alipurduar district. In this paper, two standardized test were adopted namely, Self-concept Scale developed by Singh and Singh (1988) and Mental Health Inventory (MHI) developed by Jagdish and Srivastav (1995) to collect the data from four higher secondary schools among which two are rural and two are urban schools. Significant correlation between self-concept and mental health has been found among total students, male and urban students. It also shows that no significant correlation between self-concept and mental health of female and rural students of higher secondary level. Keywords: Self-concept, Mental Health, Higher Secondary Students, Correlation. Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

INTRODUCTION Self-concept is one of the ignored and neglected areas in psychology as well educational education for long and also has been recognised to play a vital role in personality development. It has been established by contemporary researches that the way an individual perceives himself goes to shape his behaviour patterns. On the basis of Combs, Snygg (1949) and Rogers’ (1951) view, people behave in a manner which is consistent with the way they view themselves. Festinger (1962) says the ways we react to people,tasks … etc. are those which seem to us most consistent with our self-image. Self-concept is the individual’s cognition and evaluation of the self and social environment which are formed during the process of socialization, which is the sum of theindividual’s self-cognition (Fan & Fu, 2001; Byrne, 1986). The formation and development of self-concept is a dynamic and changing process. College day is the period Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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that self-concept goes throughfastest development and has the most problems. College studentsâ€™ understanding and evaluation of self will not only affect their own behaviour, but also affect their mental health. It was found that there was a significant positive correlation between self-concept and mental health, which has a strong predictive effect on mental health(Li, 2005; Nie, et. al, 2008).Self-concept can prevent the social dysfunction, but also can prevent mental health problems (Ybrandt, 2008; Gilman & Huebner, 2006).Hence, it may be said thathigher secondary level students with good self-concept can make a more objective evaluation with each other, and actively accept the self, thus regulating and maintaining their own mental health. Mental health is also plays a significant role to develop the self-concept. Overall, self-concept and mental health are closely interrelated (Zhu et. al, 2016).Therefore, this study takes the higher secondary students to examine the correlation between selfconcept and mental health according to total numbers of students, their gender and locality of their school. SELF-CONCEPT AND MENTAL HEALTH The term self-concept generally used to refer to how someone thinks about, evaluates or perceives themselves. To be aware of oneself is to have a concept of oneself. Baumeister (1999) stated the self-concept as the individual's belief about himself or herself, including the person's attributes and who and what the self is. Self-Concept is an important term for both social psychology and humanism. Lewis (1990) suggests that development of a concept of self has two aspects: i) The Existential Self - the most basic part of the self-scheme or selfconcept; the sense of being separate and distinct from others and the awareness of the constancy of the self (Bee, 1992). & ii) The Categorical Self - having realized that he or she exists as a separate experiencing being, the child next becomes aware that he or she is also an object in the world. Carl Roger (1959) believes that the self concept has three different components: i) the view you have of yourself (self image), ii) how much value you place on yourself (self esteem or self-worth) & iii) what you wish you were really like (ideal self). Mental health describes either a level of cognitive or emotional will-being-it is all about how we think, feel and behave of a mental disorder. From perspectives of the discipline of positive psychology or holism mental health may include an individualâ€™s ability to enjoy life and procure a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience. Mental health is an expression of emotions and signifies a successful adaptation to Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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a range of demands. Mental health is a state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life. According to Cutts and Mosaley (1978) mental health is an “ability to adjust satisfactorily to the various strains of the environment; we meet in life and mental hygiene as the means we take to assure this adjustment”.The WHO (2001) defined it as “a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community”. In this positive sense, mental health is the foundation for individual well-being and the effective functioning of a community. Good mental health and wellbeing makes a vital contribution to the overall self-concept of individuals. Various studies have been conducted to reveal the relation between self-concept and mental health. Zhu, et al (2016) shows that self-concept and mental health were significantly correlated with each other and self-concept can directly affect mental health of college students. Li, Zhang, and Feng (2010); Li (2005); Nie, et al (2008); and Xi and Wang (2005) found significant positive correlation between self-concept and mental health and selfconcept has a strong predictive effect on mental health. Besides, Gilman and Huebner (2006) explored that self-concept can prevent mental health problems. Therefore, the present researchers conducted this study to explore the relation between self-concept and mental health in terms of the gender of the students of class XI in Alipurduar District of West Bengal. OBJECTIVES The specific objectives of the study were – 1. to measure the self-concept and mental health of higher secondary students 2. to explore the correlation between self-concept and mental health of higher secondary students according to their total sample and sub-samples NULL HYPOTHESIS (H0) To fulfil the selected objectives, the researcher constructed the following Null Hypotheses: H0.1: There would be no significant correlation between students’ self-concept and mental health.

Dr. Ujjwal Kumar Halder & Subhajit Saha 9543 (Pg. 9540-9548)

H0.2: There would be no significant correlation between male students’ self-concept and mental health. H0.3: There would be no significant correlation between female students’ self-concept and mental health. H0.4: There would be no significant correlation between urban students’ self-concept and mental health. H0.5: There would be no significant correlation between rural students’ self-concept and mental health. METHOD OF THE STUDY In conducting the present study normative survey method of descriptive research was used to collect the data from the students of class XI, to find out the relation between Selfconcept and mental health in terms of the gender of the students. POPULATION AND SAMPLES The students studying at class XI in higher secondary level in all the higher secondary schools affiliated to West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education are treated as population.The total sample of the study was consisted of 246 students of arts stream from four higher secondary schools among which two were from urban area and the rest were from rural area in Alipurduar District of West Bengal. TOOLS The researcherscollected the data through adopting two standardized test. First one wasSelf Concept Scale developed by Singh and Singh (1988) and second one was the Mental Health Inventory (MHI) developed by Jagdish and Srivastav (1995). VARIABLES In this study, self-concept and mental healthof students was considered as the research variables and the gender of the students and the locality (rural and urban) of the schools were treated as the background variables in the study. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Dr. Ujjwal Kumar Halder & Subhajit Saha 9544 (Pg. 9540-9548)

Table 1: Descriptive statistics of Self-Concept and Mental Health. Descriptives Self Concept

Mean SEM Median

Locality Rura Urba l n 81.36 80.45

Gender

Tota l

Gender Locality Boy Rura Urba s Girls l n 81.43 80.45 80.96 172.9 178.80 1 .881 .936 .641 1.06 .95 81.00 81.00 81.00 174.0 180.00 0 98.66 104.2 101.2 153.9 97.76 8 0 6 9.933 10.21 10.06 12.41 9.89

Boys 177.1 4 1.01 179.0 0 129.5 0 11.38

Girls 173.7 9 1.09 175.0 0 140.6 1 11.86

175.5 2 .747 178.5 0 137.1 4 11.71

-.115 .130 .207 .231

-.128 .115 .215 .222

-.010 .155

-.136 .207

-.679 .231

-.574 -.265 .215 .222

-.418 .155

-.679 -.596 .411 .459

-.612 -.661 -.667 .427 .440 .309

-.895 .411

.064 .459

-.271 -.867 .427 .440

-.640 .309

.885 .928 82.00 81.00

Variance 107.3 93.90 8 10.36 9.69 SD Skewnes s SES Kurtosis SEK

Mental Health Tota l

Table 1 shows the descriptive statistics of self-concept (M = 80.96, SD = 10.06) and mental health (M = 175.52, SD = 11.71) of total sample (N = 246) where boys (M = 81.43, SD = 9.933) scored more in self-concept than girl (M = 80.45, SD = 10.212) students. Again, the boy students (M = 177.14, SD = 11.38) scored more in mental health scale than their girls counterpart (M = 173.14, SD = 11.858) and rural students (M = 81.36, SD = 10.362) scored more in self-concept than urban students (M = 80.45, SD = 9.69) and the urban students (M = 172.91, SD = 12.408) scored more in mental health scale than their rural counterpart (M = 178.8, SD = 9.887). Analysis pertaining to Null Hypothesis 1: H0.1 : There would be no significant correlation between student's self-concept and their mental health. Table 2: Presentation of the Correlation of the total studentsâ€™ self-concept and mental health Correlations Pearson Correlation Self-Concept

Sig. (2-tailed) N

Mental Health .171** .007 246

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Ujjwal Kumar Halder & Subhajit Saha 9545 (Pg. 9540-9548)

Table 2 shows a significant correlation (r= 0.171, N = 246, p<0.01)between selfconcept and mental health in their total scores which indicates that the null hypothesis (H0.1 ) will be rejected. Hence, it may be interpreted that self-concept and mental health of the students of higher secondary level have a significant and positive relation. Analysis pertaining to Null Hypothesis 2: H0.2 :There would be no significant correlation between male students’ self-concept and mental health. Table 3: Presentation of the Correlation of the malestudents’ self-concept and mental health Correlations Pearson Correlation Self-Concept

Sig. (2-tailed) N

Mental Health .301** .001 127

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table 3 shows a significant correlation (r= 0.301, N = 127, p<0.01) between selfconcept and mental health of male students in their scores which indicate that the Null Hypothesis (H0.2) will be rejected. Hence, it may be interpreted that self-concept and mental health of male students of higher secondary level have a significant and positive relation. Analysis pertaining to Null Hypothesis 3: H0.3 :There would be no significant correlation between female students’ self-concept and mental health. Table 4: Presentation of the Correlation of the female students’self-concept and mental health. Correlations Mental Health Pearson Correlation .032ns Sig. (2-tailed) .729 Self-Concept N 119 ns . Correlation is not significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Table 4 shows a non-significant correlation(r= 0.032, N = 119, p>0.05) between selfconcept and mental health of female students which indicates that the null hypothesis (H0.3 ) will be accepted. Hence, it may be interpreted that self-concept and mental health scores of female students of higher secondary level have no any significantrelation. Analysis pertaining to Null Hypothesis 4: Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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H0.4 : There would be no significant correlation between urban student's self-concept and mental health. Table 5 Presentation of the Correlation of the urbanstudents’ self-concept and mental health. Correlations Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)

Self-Concept

Mental Health .287** .002 109

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table 5 shows a significant correlation (r= 0.287, N = 109, p<0.01)between selfconcept and mental health of urban students in their scores which indicates that the null hypothesis (H0.4)will be rejected. Hence, it may be interpreted that self-concept and mental health of urban students of higher secondary level have a significant and positive relation. Analysis pertaining to Null Hypothesis 5: H0.5 :There would be no significant correlation between rural students’ self-concept and mental health. Table 6 Presentation of the Correlation of the ruralstudents’ self-concept and mental health. Correlations Pearson Correlation Self-Concept

Sig. (2-tailed) N

Mental Health .132ns .125 137

. Correlation is not significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Table 6 shows a non-significant correlation (r= 0.132, N = 137, p>0.05) between selfconcept and mental health of rural students in their scores which indicates that the null hypothesis (H0.5)will be accepted. Hence, it may be interpreted that self-concept and mental health of rural students of higher secondary level have no any significant relation. FINDINGS 1. It is found that self-concept and mental health of the students of higher secondary level have a significant (0.01 level) and positive relation. 2. It is found that self-concept and mental health of male students of higher secondary level have a significant(0.01 level) and positive relation. Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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3. It is found that self-concept and mental health scores of female students of higher secondary level have noany significant relation. 4. It is found that self-concept and mental health of urban students of higher secondary level have a significant(0.01 level) and positive relation. 5. It is found that self-concept and mental health of rural students of higher secondary level have statistically no significantrelation. DISCUSSION The study revealed that the significant correlation between self-concept and mental health has been found among total students, male and urban students. It also revealed thatno significant correlation between self-concept and mental health has found among female and rural students of higher secondary level.The results of the present study imply that better mental health of students will help them have higher levels of self-concept.Hence, it may be said that self-concept and mental health are the influential factor for each other and the development of both of them is the utmost need which to be taken care by the teachers, parents and guardians among their children. REFERENCES Baumeister, R. F. (Ed.) (1999). The self in social psychology. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press (Taylor & Francis). Bee, H. L (1992). The developing child. London: HarperCollins. Byrne, B.M. (1986) Self-Concept/Academic Achievement Relations: An Investigation of Dimensionality, Stability, and Causality. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 18, 173186. Combs, A.W. and D. Snygg (1949). Individual Behaviour. New York: Harper & Row Publishers. Cutts and Mosaley (1978). Advanced Educational Psychology. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Fan, F. M. & Fu, J. Y. (2001). Self-Concept and Mental Health of College Students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 15, 76-77. Fan, F.M. and Fu, J.Y. (2001) Self-Concept and Mental Health of College Students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 15, 76-77. Festinger, L. (1962). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. New York: Harper & Row Publishers. Gilman, R. and Huebner, E.S. (2006) Characteristics of Adolescents Who Report Very High Life Satisfaction. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 35, 293-301. Jagdish, A &Srivastva, A.K(1995). Mental health Inventory, MonovaigyanikPrakashanSansthan, Varanasi. Lewis, M. (1990). Self-knowledge and social development in early life. In L. A. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of Personality (pp. 277-300). New York: Guilford. Li, C.N., Zhang, M. and Feng, J.X. (2010) Family Functioning and Social Adjustment: The Mediating Effect of Autonomy. Psychological Development & Education, 26, 371-377. Li, J. (2005) Research on Relationship between Self-Concept and Mental Health of Medical College Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Dr. Ujjwal Kumar Halder & Subhajit Saha 9548 (Pg. 9540-9548) Students. Modern Preventive Medicine, 32, 908-909. Nie, Y.G., Lin, C.D., Peng, Y.S., Ding, L. and Gan, X.Y. (2008) The Development Characteristic of Adolescentsâ€™ Social Adaptive Behavior. Acta PsychologicaSinica, 40 1013-1020. Rogers, C. (1959). A Theory of Therapy, Personality and Interpersonal Relationships as Developed in the Client-centered Framework. In (ed.) S. Koch, Psychology: A Study of a Science. Vol. 3: Formulations of the Person and the Social Context. New York: McGraw Hill. Rogers, C.R. (1951). Client Centered Therapy. Boston: Houghton. Singh,R and Singh, A. (1988). Self-concept scale. In: Second Handbook of Psychology and Social Instruments, Ed. Pestonjee, D.M., Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi. World Health Organization (2001).The World Health Report on Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope. Geneva: World Health Organization. Accessed on 20/12/2017 from http://www.who.int/whr/200 1/en/whr01_en.pdf. Xi, H. L. & Wang, G. F. (2005). Research of Relationship between Self-Concept of Adolescence and Psychological Health. Theory and Practice of Education, 22, 731-745. Ybrandt, H. (2008). The Relation between Self-Concept and Social Functioning in Adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 31, 1-16. Zhu, J, Wang, X, Liu, Z, Liu, T, Wei, G, & Chen X. (2016). The Relationship between Self Concept and Mental Health among Chinese College Students: The Mediating Effect of Social Adjusting. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 4, 118-125.