Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language , Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJIF 2016 = 4.44, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.48612, AUG-SEPT 2017, VOL- 4/23 https://doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v4i23.9762
MENTAL HEALTH IN RELATION TO SEXOF SPECIAL EDUCATION SCHOOL TEACHERS Inderjeet Pal Kaur Research Scholar, Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha, Madras (Reg. No. 15041737) Abstract This investigation was aimed to study the mental health levels among special education school teachers and its relation to their sex. Here, a sample of 120 special education school teachers (60 males and 60 females) was selected from 15 special schools of Delhi, Haryana and Rajasthan states through simple random, purposive, convenience and cluster sampling methods. The survey questionnaire ‘Mental Health Inventory’by Dr. A.K. Shrivastava and Dr. Jagdish (1981) was used for measuring levels of mental health among special education school teachers. Percentage analysis, ttest were employed for data analysis. Mental health levels of most of special school teachers (i.e. 82.50%) were found either average or near average. A little percentage was found to at either very good (7.50%) or very poor (10.00%) levels of mental health. Besides, a significance of difference between mean MHI scores of male and female special education school teachers (t= 3.72, which is significant at 0.01 level of significance) was found. Higher mean MHI score (138.20) for female special education school teachers than their male counterparts (129.15) indicated that the female special education school teachers were enjoying better mental health than the male teachers. Keywords: Mental Health, Special Education School Teachers, Gender Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
Introduction Teaching is being considered as one of the noblest profession since ancient times. With the changing socioeconomic scenario and increasing unemployment, the values of teachers' and their professional concern with the job have forcibly undergone a drastic change which adversely affects their mental health. The level of mental health of a teacher has been found affected with numerous personal as well as professional demands.Hsiang, R. (2016) found a negative impact of mental health in terms of trait emotional intelligence on burnout frequencies and positive impact on quality of life. Mental health was also found to be having greatest impact on reduced personal accomplishment and intellectual burnout Zhang L. et.al. (2014).Aliakbari, A. (2015) found a meaningful and positive correlation between mental health and job satisfaction among teachers of Iranian Mazandaran Province. He also found that the correlation was stronger in women than in men.Marta Regina Cezar-Vaz et.al. (2015) in his study with elementary school teachers in Southern Brazil reported that stressful working conditions for teachers, the bio-psychosocial consequences, and working conditions Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
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that promote well-being in the workplace are relevant to determining actions that improve the work environment and, consequently, the mental health of teachers.Some reported better mental health among male teachers than female teachersDagar N. (2016); Panwar N.; Kumar S. and Gorsy C. (2015); Priyanka (2015). At the same time Galgotra M. (2013) reported no effect of sex on mental health of teachers while still others have shown higher levels of mental health among female teachers/ educators than malesRicha (2009). Thus, in the light of above review where the findings are inconsistent and also in the paucity of researches with special education school teachers, the present investigation keeps its significance. Objectives of the Study 1. To study the level of Mental Health among special education school teachers 2. To compare the level of Mental Health among male and female special education school teachers Hypotheses of the Study 1. There exists no significant difference in the level of Mental Health among male and female special education school teachers Research Methodology In the execution of the present study, descriptive survey method has been employed. Population and Sample In the present investigation, the population constitutes all the teachers working special education schools meant for serving the children with all kind of special needs i.e. children belonging to one or more kind of disability. For the execution of present investigation, a sample of 120 special education school teachers (60 males and 60 females) was drawn from 15 special schools of Delhi, Haryana and Rajasthan states through simple random, purposive, convenience and cluster sampling methods. Research Tool For the present investigation, the investigator adopted Mental Health Inventory developed and standardised by Dr. A.K. Srivastava and Dr. Jagdish (1983). Statistical Techniques In this investigation, the data was analysed through percentage analysis and t-test. Data Analysis and Interpretations
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The data has been analyzed into following sections each corresponding to the objectives of the study.
Section 1: To Study the Level of Mental Health among Special Education School Teachers For this, the scores obtained by the special education school teachers on mental health inventory were compared with the norms given the manual of the mental health inventory itself for male and female respondents separately. Table 1 Mental Health of Special Education School Teachers Referenced MHI Scores Males Females
No. Respondents
of % age of Level of Respondents Mental Health 7.50% Very Good
195.89 and above 176.45 to below 195.89 157.01 to below 176.45 137.57 to below 157.01 Below 137.57
196.02 and above
9
175.14 to below 196.02 154.26 to below 175.14 133.38 to below 154.26 Below 133.38
27
22.50%
Good
39
32.50%
Average
33
27.50%
Poor
12
10.00%
Very Poor
N=120 As is evident from the table 1, most of special education school teachers exhibit average level of mental health. The percentage of such special education school teachers is 32.50%. Comparatively lower percentage of special education school teachers i.e. 27.50% exhibit poor level of mental health. A still smaller percentage of special education school teachers i.e. 22.50% exhibit good level of mental health. A very little percentage of special education school teachers lie at extremes i.e. either exhibit very good level of mental health (7.50%) or very poor level of mental health (10.00%). Section 2: To Compare the Level of Mental Health among Male and Female Special Education School Teachers In order to see the difference in the mental health level of male and female special education school teachers, the mean MHI scores obtained by these two groups of the special education school teachers were subjected to t-test. The value of the t-ratio for the mean MHI scores of the two groups is given in the table 2 below-
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Table2 Comparison of Mental Health of Male and Female Special Education School Teachers Groups
N
Male Special Education 60 School Teachers Female Special Education 60 School Teachers
Mean
SD
t-ratio
129.15
13.61
3.72
138.20
10.27
N=120
Significanc e Significant at 0.01 level of significanc e
Table value of t= 2.66
The table 2 indicates that the t-ratio for mean MHI scores of male and female special education school teachers comes out to be 3.72 which is higher than the table value (i.e. 2.66) at df=58 and at 0.01 level of significance. The value is significant at 0.01 level of significance. This clearly meant that there is significant difference between the two means i.e. the mean MHI scores of male and female special education school teachers. This indicated that the male special education school teachers differ from the female special education school teachers with regard to their level of mental health. Further, the higher mean value (i.e. 138.20) for female special education school teachers than the mean value (i.e. 129.15) for the male special education school teachers shows that the female special education school teachers exhibited better level of mental health than the male special education school teachers. Recommendations of the Study The present investigation was carried out to study the level of mental health as a potential factor influencing the level of effectiveness among special education school teachers. Thus, it keeps its implication for all those who are engaged with the managerial and administrative aspects of all special residential, special day boarding, or special day schools or other special education institutions. In the present study it was found that most of the special education school teachers exhibit average or near average level of mental health. This may be attributed to their perceived stress at work place due to either powerlessness, low autonomy, low participation in decision making, little colleague and social support, high professional expectations, nature of job and/or contingent punishment by the administrator. It has also been found in the present investigation that the mental health of male special education school teachers is poor in comparison with the female special education school
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teachers. Beside, the special education school teachers with different fields of specialization were found to differ in their level of mental health. Thus the managing personnel and the administrators in the special education institutions and teachers themselves should consider and put into practice the various measures to reduce stress and improve the mental health.The following measures or recommendations may be helpful in improving mental health of special education school teachers: (a) Good Social Relations (b) Relations with Students (c) Derive Pleasure from His Profession (d) Seek Guidance at Outset (e) Job Competence (f) Join Organized Community Groups (g) Maintain Normal Family Life (h) Regarding Colleagues Though implementation of all these strategies would require a great deal of time and effort, it is likely that the sincere measures should be taken in this regard so as to reduce stress among special education school teachers and help them achieve their highest levels of mental health and hence their performance. References: Aliakbari, A. (2015). The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Teachers’ Mental Health: A Case Study of the Teachers of Iranian Mazandaran Province. World Scientific News-12, pp. 1-11. Dagar, N. (2016). Mental Health of School Teachers In Relation to Their Sex and Type of School. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration. 6/1, pp. 49-53. Dewan, R. (2012). Stress and Mental Health of Tribal and Non-Tribal Female School Teachers in Jharkhand, India.International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications- 2/10, pp. 1-4. Galgotra, M. (2013). Mental Health of High School Teachers In Relation To Their Sex and Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention- 2/1, pp. 2023. Heward, William L. (2000). Exceptional Children: An Introduction to Special Education, 6th Ed. New York: Merrill Publishing Company. Hsiang, R. (2016). Teachers’ Mental Health: The Relevance of Emotional Intelligence in Burnout and Quality of Life. Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository- Paper 3647. doi:http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Jagdish & Srivastava, A.K. (1983). Manual for Mental Health Inventory. Varanasi: Manovaigyanic Parikshan Sansthan. Jagdish, (1986). Relationship between Mental Health and Job Satisfaction. Indian Journal of Psychology- 61, pp.70-74. Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
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Marta Regina; Cezar-Vaz et.al. (2015). Mental Health of Elementary Schoolteachers in Southern Brazil: Working Conditions and Health Consequences. The Scientific World Journal-Volume2015 (2015), Article ID 825925, 6 pages. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/825925 Panwar, N.; Kumar, S. & Gorsy, C. (2015). Mental Health among Government School Teachers. The International Journal of Indian Psychology- 3/1, pp. 117-124. Priyanka, (2015). Mental Health Status of Teachers in Secondary School Education in India. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. 2/10, pp. 535-544. Richa, (2009). A Comparative Study of Mental Health and Occupational Stress Among School Teachers Working in Government and Private Schools. Unpublished M.Phil. Thesis, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. Zhang, L. et.al. (2014). Mental Health and Burnout in Primary and Secondary School Teachers in the Remote Mountain Areas of Guangdong Province in the People’s Republic of China. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment- 10, pp. 123–130.
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