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Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.45269, SEPT-OCT 2017, VOL- 4/36

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vidyagaikwad2010@gmail.com

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

Û izLrkouk %& Hkkjrh; lektke/ks lokZf/kd ‘kksf”kr ?kVd gh L=h jkfgYkh vkgsHkkjrh; bfrgklkP;k fofo/k VII;kae/kwu gs Li”V >kYks vkgs- _XosndkGke/;s L=h&iq#”k leku ekuYks xsYks gksrs- R;kaP;k vf/kdkjkph leku okV.kh dsYkh gksrh,o<sp ukgh rj lRrk] laiRrh] f’k{k.k vkf.k izfr”Bk ;k loZ ckcrhr L=h&iq#”k cjkscjh gksrh- ek= oSfnd dkGke/;s gs fp= ikYkVYks- L=h&’kqnzkps vf/kdkj deh dsYks xsYks- dsoG lsok ns.ks ,o<sp R;kaps dk;Z mjYks- v’kk izdkjph feekalk MkWvkacsMdjkauh dsYkh vkgs- oSfnd vkf.k ckSn~/khd dkG oxGrk L=hP;k Lokra«;kpk vf/kdkf/kd ladksp >kY;kps MkW- vkacsMdjkauh nk[kowu fnYks vkgs- ek= fczVh’k dkGke/;s L=h&’kqnzkP;k fdeku vf/kdkjkafo”k;h dkgh dk;ns dsYks xsYks- dkgh lq/kkj.kkaps miØe jkcoYks xsYks- ek= iq<s Lokra«; feGkY;kuarj Hkkjrh; jkT;?kVusus L=h;kaP;k Lokra«;kpk fopkj d:u iq#”kkaizek.ksp L=h;kaukgh vf/kdkj fnYks- ;klkBh MkW- vkacsMdjkauh ^faganw dksM fcYk* r;kj dsYks- ;ke/;s vkarjtkrh; fookg] ,diRuhRo] L=hYkk ?kVLQksVkpk vf/kdkj] okjlk gDd] nRRd fo/kkukl lq/kkj.kk bR;kfn ckchapk lekos’k gksrk- ek= faga anw dksM fcYkkl lalnsr fojks/k lq: >kYkk- fganw dksM fcYkkP;k fojks/kkr loZ= vkanksYkus lq: >kYkh- MkW- vkacsMdjkaoj ,drQhZ Vhdk dsYkh xsYkh- ^fganw dksM fcYk* gs fL=;kaP;k n`f”Vus egRokps fnlwu ;srs- fL=;kaps gDd o vf/kdkj dk;n~;kus feGkosr ;klkBh MkW- vkacsMdjkauh ^fganw dksM fcYk* r;kj dsYksÛ fganw dksM fcYk %& folkP;k ‘krdkr ek¡VsaX;w&psElQMZ lq/kkj.kkauarj dsanzkr ts dk;nseaMG fuoMwu vkYks R;kauh ikjaikfjd dk;ns cnYkwu ckYk fookgkYkk izfrca/k dj.kkjk dk;nk o fL=;kauk laiRrhr okjlkpk vf/kdkj ns.kkjk dk;nk fo/kheaMGkr eatwj d:u ?ksrYkk- ek= ;k dk;n~;k[kkYkhYk [kVYks tsOgk U;k;kYk;kr vkYks rsOgk fujfujkG~;k izkarkrhYk U;k;kf/k’kkauh ts fudkYk fnYks R;ke/;s [kwi eksBh rQkor gksrh- R;krwu xks/a kG fuekZ.k >kYkk- rks ukghlk dj.;klkBh fganwaP;k dk;n~;kP;k lafgrsr cnYk Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Prof. Sau. Vidhya Sanjay Gaikwad 6952 (Pg. 6951-6954)

dj.;kph xjt okVw YkkxYkh- R;krwup fganw dksM fcYkkph fufeZrh >kYkh vls ufYkuh iafMr Eg.krkrMkW- vkacsMdjkauh 21 vkWxLV 1948 e/;s ^fganw dksM fcYk* ekaM.;k vxksnj fL=;kaP;k gDdkalkBh fofo/k izdkjps 14 dk;ns laer dj.;kr vkYks gksrsrs iq<hYkizek.ks & 1- lrhizfrca/kd dk;nk 18282- fganw fo/kok iqufoZokgksRrstd dk;nk 18563- /kekZarfjrkapk iqohZpk fookg jn~n dj.kkjk dk;nk 18604- Hkkjrh; rYkkd dk;nk 18665- f[kzLrh fookg dk;nk] 18726- fookg ukjh laiRrh laj{kd dk;nk] 18747- YkhxYks izWfDV’kuj vWDV 19238- ckfYkdk fofo/k izfrca/kd dk;nk 19269- fganw mRrjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e dk;nk] 192610- ikjlh fookg vkf.k rYkkd dk;nk 193611- fganw ukjh laifRr vf/kdkj dk;nk 193612- izlr q h voLFksr feGko;kps gDd ;klac/a khpk dk;nk] 193613- fganw fotksM fookg izfrca/k dk;nk] 194614- fganw fookg oS/krk dk;nk] 1946ojhYk fofo/k izdkjP;k dk;n~;kae/;s ,d okD;rk vlkoh] ifjfLFkrhuqlkj R;kr lq/kkj.kk Ogkoh Eg.kwu fganw dk;|kph lafgrk r;kj dj.;kpk fopkj ekaMYkk xsYkk- Eg.kwu e/;orhZ ljdkjus dYkdRrk gk;dksVkZps U;k;k/kh’k lj csusxYk ujflagjko ;akP;k v/;{krs[kkYkh ,d lferh usewu izpfYkr dk;n~;kPkk lw{e vH;kl d:u vkiYkk vgokYk lknj dsYkk- ;k dfeVhus tks vgokYk lknj dsYkk R;kYkk lukruh eaMGhauh fojks/k dsYkk- iq<s MkW- vkacsMdj dk;nkea=h >kY;kuarj fganw dksM fcYkkpk vH;kl d:u vkiYks uos ^fganw dksM fcYk* 1948 e/;s r;kj dsYksgs dksM fcYk 9 Hkkxkr 139 dYkekae/;s o 7 ifjf’k”Vkae/;s foHkkxYks xsYks gksrs- ;kr izkeq[;kus vkarjtkrh; fookgkl ekU;rk] ,diRuhRokps ca/ku] L=hYkk ?kVLQksVkpk vf/kdkj] okjlk gDd] eqYkhYkk ofMYkkaP;k ekYkeRrsoj vf/kdkj o nRrd fo/kkukr lq/kkj.kk ;k xksf”Vapk lekos’k gksrkr- gk dk;nk fganw /kekZrhYk loZ ?kVdkauk Ykkxw gksrkr- ;k fcYkkrhYk BGd rjrwnh iq<hYkizek.ks %& 1- l[[ks HkkÅ&cfg.k] lko= HkkÅ&cfg.k o nw/k HkkÅ&cfg.k ;kapk fookg R;kT; BjfoYkk xsYkk2- ukxfjd fookgke/;s Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Prof. Sau. Vidhya Sanjay Gaikwad 6953 (Pg. 6951-6954)

v- dks.kR;kgh i{kkl YkXukP;k osGh nqljk uojk vxj ck;dks thoar ukgh c- dks.krkgh i{k YkXukps osGh tUe osMk vxj osMk ukgh d- ojkps o; vBjk o”kZ iw.kZ >kYks vkgs o o/kwps o; 14 o”ksZ iw.kZ >kYks vkgs M- nksUgh i{k izfrca/k dsYksY;k ukR;kP;k ik;Ú;kae/khYk ukghr bZ- nksUgh i{kkus tj R;kps vxj frps o; 21 o”kkZps iw.kZ >kYks ulsYk rj vkiY;k YkXuklkBh ikYkdkaph laerh feGoYksYkh vkgsv’kk izdkjph laerh vko’;d vl.kkj ukgh3- fookgkph uksan.kh gks.ks vko’;d] YkXu dks.kR;kgh izdkjs djrk ;sbZYk i.k YkXu lktjs gks.;klkBh nksUgh i{k o rhu lk{khnkj uksna .kh vf/kdkÚ;kaleksj Lok{kjh djrhYk4- iq#”kkizek.ks fL=;kaukgh 18 o”kkZaP;k eqYkkl nRrd ?ksrk ;sbZYk5- L=hus feGfoYksY;k dks.kR;kgh feGdrhoj frpk iw.kZ ekYkdhpk gDd gksbZYkuYkhuh iafMr ;kauh dksMfo”k;h Hkk”kk o ;karhYk Økafrdkjh cnYkkafo”k;h lfoLrj foospu dsYks vkgs- ;k dk;n~;keqGs fof/kiwoZd YkkoYksYks YkXu o uksan.kh i)rhus dsYksYks YkXu gs YkXukaps nksu izdkj vf/kÑr BjYks- fookg izlxa h ojkps 18 gwu tkLr o o/kwps 14 gwu o; tkLr vlkos- rlsp izFkep vkarjtkrh; o lxks= fookgkauk ekU;rk fnYkh xsYkh- ifgYkh iRuh thoar vlrkuk nqljh iRuh dj.;kl fojks/k gksrk- o/kw] ojkiSdh ,dt.k osMk vlsYk rj fookg csdk;ns’khj BjfoYkk xsYkk- ;kf’kok; [kkYkhYk egRokP;k rjrwnh dsY;k xsY;k?kVLQksV % fganw fookg /kkfeZd laLdkj ekuYkk xsY;kus ?kVLQksVkYkk ijokuxh uOgrhrh ;k dk;|keqGs feG.kkj gksrhokjlk % Hkkjrke/;s okjlklkBh nk;Hkkx i)rh vfLRkRokr gksrh- ;ke/;s okjlkYkk feGkYksYkh ekYkeRrk R;kP;k oS;fDrd ekYkdhph vls o frph foYgsokV Ykko.;kPkk R;kYkk vf/kdkj vls- ;k fganw dksM fcYkkeqGs eqYkhalkBh eqYkkP;k fg’’;kP;k v/kkZ fgLlk feG.kkj gksrk- ferk{kjk o nk;Hkkx dk;|kizek.ks tj L=h okjlnkj Jhear vFkok xfjc fookfgr fd vfookfgr gs ikgwu fgLlk fnYkk tkbZYk- dksM fcYkkus gk Hksn dk<wu VkdYkkiksVxh % iksVxh laca/kh uohu dkgh uOgrs- ;ke/;s tj iRuhYkk iksVxhpk vf/kdkj gok vlsYk rj iRuhoj fofo/k fu;a=.ks gksrh- ek= dksM fcYkkuqlkj iRuh fofo/k dkj.kkalkBh R;kaP;k dMwu iksVxh ekxw ‘kdr gksrhnRrd % ;k dk;|kr nksu cnYk gksrs & nRrd ?ks.;kph ijokuxh iRuhdMwu ?ks.ks vko’;d gksrh] fo/kosYkk nRrd ?;k;pk vlsYk rj uoÚ;kus r’kh uksna d:u vFkok e`R;wi= d:u frYkk ijokuxh fnYkh ikfgtsCopyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Prof. Sau. Vidhya Sanjay Gaikwad 6954 (Pg. 6951-6954)

fagna w dksM fcYkkrhYk 80 % Hkkx fujfujkG~;k fganw /keZ’kkL=koj vk/kkfjr gksrk- rj dsoG 20% uohu lq/kkj.kk dsY;k gksR;kgs fcYk 24 Qsczwokjh 1949 jksth ljdkjdMwu MkW- vkacsMdjkauh ekU; dsYks - ;k fcYkkYkk fganwauh iz[kj fojks/k dsYkk- fojks/kdkae/;s iafMr enueksgu ekYkoh;] MkW- jktsna z izlkn] oYYkHkHkkbZ iVsYk] Lokeh djik=h o ‘kadjkpk;Z ;kapk fojks/k gksrk;k fcYkkYkk vusd leFkZd YkkHkYks gksrs- ;ke/;s ia- tokgjYkkYk usg:] Jherh in~etk uk;Mw] MkW- ik-ok- dk.ks] vkpk;Z ÑiYkkuh] Jh- fo-l-[kkaMsdj bR;kfnapk lekos’k gksrkfojks/k dj.kkÚ;kaps vls er gksrs dh] ;k fcYkkeqGs fganwaph dqVqc a O;oLFkk u”V gksbZYk- lukru /keZ u”V gksbZYk- Hkkok&cfg.khps YkXu gksbZYk] lektkr vukpkj ektsYk v’kk [kksV~;k xks”Vh iljowu iqjk.kerok|kauh fojks/k dsYkkL=h iz’ukaph loZ cktawuh dk;|kus lksMo.kwd dj.;klkBh r;kj dsYksYks fganw dksM fcYk ikl gksÅ ‘kdYks ukgh- usg: eaf=eaMG lukrU;kaleksj >qdYks- MkWvkacsMdjkauh dk;nsea=h ;k inkpk jkthukek fnYkk- L=h iz’uklkBh ea=hinkpk jkthukek ns.kkjs MkW- vkacsMdj gs vf}rh; lektØkafrdkjd gksrsMkW- vkacsMdj Eg.kkYks gksrs % eh jkT;?kVuk fuekZ.k dsYkh ;kis{kkgh fganw dksM fcYk ekÖ;k gksrwu >kYks ;kpk vkuan gksrks- gs dksM fcYk Eg.kts ,d rÚgsus iq#”k iz/kku L=h nkL;koj vk/kkjYksYkk /keZ] laLÑrh o lektkps ijaijkoknh :i cnYk.kkjs gksrslanHkZ %& [kSjeksMs pkaxnso Hkxokujko] ^MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdj pfj=*] [kaM rhu] iq.ks- 1990[kSjeksMs pkaxnso Hkxokujko] ^MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdj o fganw dksM fcYk* iq.ksx.kohj jRukdj] ^MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdj vkf.k fganw dksM fcYk* ukxiwj 2004iafMr uYkhuh] ^vkacsMdj*] eqca bZ] 1999foeYkdhfrZ ] fganw dksM fcYkklac/a kh MkW- ch-vkj-vkacsMdj] ukxiwj 1982-