Issuu

Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2017: 5.068, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL, AUG-SEPT 2018, VOL- 6/29

CHANGING DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF HASSAN DISTRICT, KARNATAKA, INDIA: A GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE Ravisha. G. M.1 & H. Nagaraj2, Ph. D. 1

Research Scholar, Dos in Geography, University of Mysore-570006, Karnataka

Email: ravishagm78@gmail.com 2

MA. M.Phil., Ph.D. , Research Guide, Professor, DOS in Geography, University of

Mysore-570006, Karnataka Email: nagarajh66@yahoo.com Abstract The present paper aims to analyse the total and sex-wise causes of dynamic growth and distribution of population. Population growth is inevitable outcome of the demographic transition, primarily as a result of high fertility and secondarily mortality declines and mobility in view of rapidly growing or population explosion. Growth of population is the change in the number in a particular area between two given points of time. As described in the preceding paper, the population of our ancestors, a few million years ago, was confined to Africa and numbered only in Lakh. By the time our ancestors invented agriculture, the information started passing from generation to generation. The transmission of knowledge about hunting, gathering and preparation of food helped in expansion of agriculture and growth of population. The growth of population was, however, not continuous after the agricultural Revolution. Civilization rose, flourished and disintegrated; periods of good and bad weather occurred; and famine and war took their toll. Despite fluctuations in the birth and death rates, agriculture permitted the existence not only of higher population densities, and settled village life, but also of large scale cooperative ventures, specialization of labour, development of crafts and social stratification, the growth and development of irrigation and the emergence of towns and cities concentrated of economic power in the hands of numerically small elite. The major turning point in the population growth came with the Industrial Revolution, led the systematization of production with the help of urban power-driven machine. At the time of Industrial Revolution, urban population increased rapidly, and living standards in new industrial towns were abysmal, especially for the poorer families. Families become as the unit of production, goods were produced for sale in regional, national and international markets. There occurred to migrate from rural to urban areas and the productivity per capita increased substantially. The impact of migration on population (dynamics) size and age structure of population has been studied. Existing studies have paid a great deal of attention to population growth and its social and economic implications. Keywords: Dynamic growth, fertility, mortality, mobility, agricultural evolution, irrigation.

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com Introduction: According to the 2011 census, Hassan district was 14th most popular district in the Karnataka State. The district has shown an impressive fall in decadal growth rate by about 12 percent (points) from 15.67 percent in 1981-1991 to 3.18 percent in 2001-11. The growth in Hassan Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Ravisha. G. M. & Dr. H. Nagaraj (Pg. 8237-8249)

8238

district remained well over 22 percent points. In five consecutive decades from 1961 to 2011, this step falls of about 12.50 percent within two decade from 1981-91 to 2001-11. The annual growth rate in the current census decade is 3.18 percent (15.67 percent for Karnataka) as against 9.68 percent in the previous census decade. This achievement of Hassan district despite its female literacy rate (68.30 percent, 2011) being lower than the male literacy rate (83.55 percent, 2011) is noteworthy. Perhaps no other demography of Hassan districtâ€™s size has shown such a remarkable decline in population in a decade. So far Bangalore figured prominently in any discussion related to demographic achievements, we must turn our attention now to Hassan district and Bangalore may boast of the level of development in the social spheres, however, it recorded impressive low population growth. Factors such as female literacy are important, and awareness among women is needed to control population growth. Review of Literature: Helmat kloos and Aynalem Augna (1989): Have examined the spatial temporal and altitudinal growth and distribution of Ethiopian population, with an emphasis on the 1984 census. Differential rural/urban growth and geographical/attitudinal patterns are analyzed in relation to economic, Demographic, political and historical factors. Ramachandran (1998): Have studied the process of Urbanization of this viewed in terms of certain factors such as socio- cultural, political, administrative, economic and geographical factors. Shagi Others: Have studied the agricultural capacity and that in addition they have led to fundamental change in Egyptian agriculture reference the numerous problems and the multitude of manifestation of change can be found in the relevant works. Sharma and Lanford (1959): Have studied The main nutrients are calories, proteins, mineral elements and the vitamins these nutrients are present in the food stuffs in different amount the deficiency of food nutrients causes a wide

range of deficiency diseases and

retards the working capacity of individuals. Shag (1969) Treydt Worz (1967): Have studied All in all there is no doubt that land reform and the cooperative organization of forms have had the effect of increasing Study Aria: Hassan district is situated on old Deccan plateau and south western and interior central part of Karnataka, in terms of latitudinal and longitudinal position of the district; it extends entirely in the southern India. Average altitude is 960 meters above MSL (Mean Sea Level). The Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Ravisha. G. M. & Dr. H. Nagaraj (Pg. 8237-8249)

8239

district lies between 750 331 E to 760 381 E longitude and 120 131 N to 130 331 N latitude. The greatest length of the district, from north to south, is about 80 miles or 129 kilometers, and its greatest breadth, from east to west, is about 72 miles or 116 kilometers, total area of the district has 6826.15 Sq, Kmâ€™s. It is divided into 3 natural regions like Southern Malnad, Semi Malnad and Southern Maidan. It is divided into 8 taluks 38 hoblis and 2369 villages. The average rain fall is 1031 mms in rainy days (65days), the major rivers in Hassan Cauvery, Hemavathi, Yagachi, Vote hole, Yethinahole, Ganadahole. Figure- 1 Hassan District: Location Map

Source: Geographic Information System (GIS), Location Map. Main Objectives and Materials used: The objective of this paper is to provide an account of demographic characteristic of the Hassan district, analyse the trends of rural and urban population in the district, study the impact of migration on environment, infrastructure and variations Fertility (Birth) and Morality (Death Rate) trends while discussing regional trend of the district has been divided into 3 regions or 8 taluks.

Ravisha. G. M. & Dr. H. Nagaraj (Pg. 8237-8249)

8240

Methodology and Data Source: The methodology adopted here has addressed the issues related to demographical and population geographical aspects related to dynamics of population in the Hassan district, in terms of density, distribution, growth rate, literacy rate, and regional growth trends. Aspects related to Morphological and dynamic have been made to establish causal relationship among apparently independent factors. In order to accomplish the task, data both from primary and secondary sources have been collected. Geographic Information System (GIS), the data used for the analysis has been drawn from a wide variety of sources like the Census of India 19012011, office of the Registrar General of India. Statistical Technique: In the present study several statistical methods and techniques are used. They have classified in to two types. They are descriptive and inference such as growth, percent, average, total population in numbers. Growth of population, (gender wise, age structure, literacy charts, and patterns of population distribution of the Hassan district) general population distribution, growth of population were compared to the index of Karnataka State and India. Percent of the district child population (> 6 years), age, percent of adult and elderly people of district, different typeâ€™s literacy rates statues of sub divisions/taluks of the district. Natural Regions of the Hassan district and taluks Included there in: 1)

Southern Malnad: Western and northeastern portion of Belur taluk, western

and central part of Alur & whole Sakleshpura taluk. 2)

Semi Malnad: The central part of the Arkalgudu taluk. The western portion of

the Hassan taluk the eastern portion of the Alur taluk. The central & eastern part of the Belur taluk & western part of Arsikere taluk. 3)

Southern Maidan: Holenarasipura and Channarayapatna taluks eastern part

of Arsikere and Hassan taluks & the south eastern portion of Arkalgudu taluk. The Southern Malnad is a forest clad hilly region with a heavy rainfall. On the western periphery are the picturesque ghats extending from the pass at Bisle Ghats to the Jenukal hill, with some lofty peaks in them. The following description of the malnad region of the district by Major Montgomery, by and large, holds good even today. â€œThe character of the country is generally undulating till on approaching the Ghats, when it becomes precipitous. Perhaps there is no scenery in India more beautiful than the southern part of this tract, adjoining the northwest of Coorg. It is resembles for the most part the richest park scenery in England; hills covered with the finest grass or equally verdant crops of dry grain adorned and crowned with Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Ravisha. G. M. & Dr. H. Nagaraj (Pg. 8237-8249)

8241

clumps of noble forest trees, in some instances apparently planted most carefully, and certainly with perfect taste. The southern differs from the more northerly and westerly parts of the Manjarabad (Sakleshpura) region, in the absence of that succession of dense jungles which obscure the view, and in the soft character of the hills, which are the most instances quite free from the stunted date. But the whole region is beautiful and less wooded than Coorgâ€?. The features of the Semi Malnad region fringing the Malnad area on the east are, more or less, similar to those of the Maidan, but the climate, the forest vegetation and the economic situation have strong similarities with the Malnad proper. The villages here are more compact than in the Malnad, but somewhat isolated. The rainfall in this region is lower than in the Malnad area. Climate: Hassan district is situated in the southern part of the Karnataka and thus virtually enjoys (extends in the) tropical monsoon climate, the district has all the characteristics of typical monsoon climate. At the same time it has well developed seasonally of winds for which district is described as a land of two monsoons. It has the influences of its geographical location, monsoon winds and relief features on its climate. It bears not only the influence of the nearby Arabian Sea, but also the Bay of Bengal which lie far off in the east. The southwest monsoons from the Arabian Sea are most important in the climate of the district. In addition the cyclones depressions which are formed almost regularly in the Bay of Bengal and occasionally in the Arabian Sea will bring large volume of moisture and influence the weather condition. The north east monsoons are predominant during the winters and also during the pre monsoon period in district forms part of the Western Ghats, are the typical relief features running almost from northwest to southwest of the district. Which have virtually divided the district climatically? As such most of the rivers of the district originate in the Western Ghats region include Malnad area. The Princely State of Mysore was one of the states of the country, which had maintained weather data for a long time. The princely state has established meteorological office at Bangalore long back in 1893 and 153 weather stations throughout the state to record meteorological data. According to the analysis the district has more diversity of climate compared to its geographical area. The climate of the district range from the moist rainy monsoons in the west, to semi and dry steppe climate patches include tropical savanna type of climate in the east.

Ravisha. G. M. & Dr. H. Nagaraj (Pg. 8237-8249)

8242

Population Growth: Hassan district is inhabited by a very complex and many faceted groups of people that have been subjected to continuous changes more due to vital rates and less due to migration. Although, the rate which population of the region is growing has been steadily declining since peaking 1960s at over 8.95 (lakhs of population of the district), 25.27 percent per decadal growth, the population has grown rapidly. Since the beginning of the second half of 20th century, sustained high fertility resulted in momentous growth and rise in the size of its population. In terms of population number, the province is manifested with a large size even larger than most districts of the Karnataka as well as of India. Regional Distribution and Growth of Population: The regional distribution of population in 2001 had divided rural population and urban population. Hassan talukâ€™s urban population is 39.67 percent as rural population 3.25 percent their region urbanized region in the district. There was about three fold increase in the size of population from 1901 to 2001 on increase of 12.07 lakh in the 100 years. Possibly due to the migration to Hassan urban centers mainly from rural areas of Southern Malnad, most populated area compared to Southern Malnad and Semi Malnad. Southern Malnad had least size of populated area in the growth rate of population performance between decades of 1901-1951. The shore of Hassan agglomeration has gone up from 1951 to 2011. Alur rural population size in 2001 census 8.16 percent and urban 28.69 percent, Arkalgudu rural 14.22 percent, urban 7.17 percent, (Negative Population), Arsikere rural 9.33 percent, urban 1.02 percent (negative raising), population Belur rural 6.79 percent, urban 20.37 percent, Channarayapatna rural 7.62 percent, urban 25.75 percent, Holenarasipura rural 9.72 percent, urban 14.74 percent, Sakleshpura rural 4.40 percent, urban 23.04 percent. Fertility: The term fertility refers to occurrence of birth another term that refers to the biological capacity of a woman to reproduce is fecundity. Fecundity differs from fertility in that while the former is the biological capacity, the later refers to the actual number of birth. Thus, it is possible for a population to be highly fecund. It is very difficult to measure the fecundity of population. The fertility can be measured relatively easily. Out of a number of measures of fertility, the simplest one is the crude birth rate (CBR), the crude birth rate or the birth rate, as it is often called or calculated as the number of live births per thousand of mid-year population. The midyear population for this calculation is arrived at by taking an average of the population at the beginning and at the end of the year under consideration. The CBR is Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Ravisha. G. M. & Dr. H. Nagaraj (Pg. 8237-8249)

8243

calculated on the basis of total population (including the males and females of all ages) of the region. The age and sex composition of population and it is only a crude measure of fertility. The total child population 0-6 age is 165,637 in 2011 census; against 199,665 at the previous census. In 2001, male population (0-6 age) is 83,971 at (9.50) percent and female population (0-6 age) is 81,666 (9.15) percent in 2011 census child sex ratio per 1,000 to 1,005 in 2011 census it was 1,012 in rural child population and 1,003 in urban. An important demographic change that had swept the district Hassan during the last two decades had been the striking decline in the levels of fertility and resent annual birth rate among all the regions. In 2010-11, Hassan taluk was highest in district. It had 13,100 people births in annual record. Alur recorded the least decline with 510 births, Arkalgudu (1,889), Arsikere (8,311), Belur (1,302), C.R Patna (3529), and Holenarasipura (2416), Sakleshpura (1,194). Mortality: The morality transition took place earlier than fertility transition in the district due to the eradication of killer diseases and advance must in medical and health facilities after independence. As a result of this there was a sharp increase in the population of the district especially after 1950. Total average death rate including male and female was in 2010-11 it was (12,233), Hassan urban Agglomeration occurrence has higher deaths. It was (3,340), and lowest in Alur taluk (434), other regions are Arkalgudu (1031), Arsikere (2,117), Belur (1,179), Channarayapatna (1,906), Holenarasipura (1,399), Sakleshpura (827). Age and Sex Structure of the Hassan district The age structure of a given district of taluks may be analyzed on the basis of age-groups on and the basis of physiological, economic activities. The age population is generally classified into three groups (1) younger (ii) the adults and (iii) the old age groups; children, between (0.6) age 1, 65,637 numbers in Hassan district as per 20011 census of which 83,971 are male children and 81,666 numbers are female children. It was against the number of child population 0-6 of 1, 99,665 as per 2001 census. As per 2001 census 16, 10,784 numbers people are adults and old age groups 90.67 percent. It was against to the 2001 census where adult and old age people are 15, 22,004, and (88.40 percent). In total population of the district, with 17, 76,421 numbers there are different age groups. Age wise population in Hassan is provided in detail in the table. The total population of all ages in the Hassan district is estimated at 17, 76,421 numbers out of which 8, 83,667 numbers is the male population and 8, 92,754 numbers is the female population. The rural population of all age groups in the district is estimated at 13, 99,658 numbers out of which 6, 95,583 numbers is the male Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Ravisha. G. M. & Dr. H. Nagaraj (Pg. 8237-8249)

8244

population and 7, 04,075 numbers is the female population. The urban population of all age groups in the district is estimated at 376763 numbers out which 188084 numbers is the male population and 188679 is the female population. Conclusion: The Study highlights that regional disparities in the population growth rate of Hassan district are coming down and the positive aspect is that all the regions are experiencing decline in the population growth rate in recent years. There was change of 3.18 percent in 2011. It was against whom compared to the population growth rate of the previous census 2001 with (9.68) percent. Taking cognizance of the changing pattern of development, the Government of Karnataka released the importance of developing. Hassan urban area was a regional center rather than individual entity. The impact of Hassan district and taluks headquarters surrounding villages and towns in terms of population growth started gaining momentum after 1961 census. Rapid growth of population in urban and villages on attics fringe area and periphery caused construction activities to take place on a large scale. The spatial pattern of population does not necessarily remain unchanged over time although the major areas of high and low density of population have remained more or less the same over the last few decades there have been variation in the ranks of various taluks in term of density of population. Theoretically, such changes in the pattern of population distribution can occur due to the varying rate of growth either due to differences in the rates of natural growth or due to migrations most of these changes in Hassan district. However, it is a result of difference in the natural growth rates between different regions. Forgoing, analysis attempted above on the â€œchanging demographic structure of Hassan district: a Geographical perspectiveâ€?. And their relations with the population growth rate of the district. In the region of malnad, the high birth was accompanied by high death rate during the period of 1951-61 and low birth rate seems to a consequence of the low death rate during the period of 1981-91. An overview statistics in India are known to be extremely defective and even unreliable. Because the reporting agencies are not all identical to the duty entrusted to them in this regard. Since independence, the position had definitely worsened and the reported birth and death rate are even more suspectable.

Ravisha. G. M. & Dr. H. Nagaraj (Pg. 8237-8249)

8245

Table-1: Average Decadal Exponential Growth Rates YEAR

HASSAN

KARNATAKA

INDIA

1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

1.61 0.63 2.61 5.16 13.93 25.27 23.05 23.1 16.67 9.68 3.18

3.6 -1.09 9.38 11.09 19.36 21.57 24.22 26.75 21.12 17.51 15.67

5.75 -0.31 11 14.22 13.31 21.64 24.80 24.66 23.85 21.54 17.64

Average Annual Exponential Growth Rate (India) 0.56 -0.03 1.04 1.33 1.25 1.96 2.20 2.22 2.14 1.93 2.34

Source: census of India 1911-2011 Table–2: Growth of Population for the Last Ten Decades in the Hassan District TALUKS ALUR

1921 38,640

1931 34,976

1941 31,586

1951 33,380

ARKALGUDU

79,493

ARASIKERE

93,390

74,289 1,07,8 41

75,186 1,18,0 81

85,739 1,40,6 87

BELUR CHANNARAYAPA TNA

68,766

HASSAN

99,814

65,576 1,01,4 68 1,01,9 98

65,143 1,10,5 45 1,12,2 06

70,487 1,19,6 75 1,32,4 47

1961 49,182 1,06,7 86 1,67,8 06 1,02,7 69 1,40,6 79 1,62,7 63

HOLENARSIPURA

64,032

66,489

71,206

79,322

89,340

1971 60,203 1,27,96 0 2,08,96 1 1,21,57 8 1,70,54 8 2,14,70 7 1,07,24 0

SAKLESHPURA

44,115 5,81,7 50

44,300 5,96,9 37

43,765 6,27,7 18

53,398 7,15,1 35

77,522 8,96,8 47

91,175 11,02,3 72

Total

93,500

1981 69,455 1,54,84 3 2,55,22 6 1,47,92 2 2,18,08 9 2,66,20 6 1,31,26 5 1,14,00 8 13,57,0 14

1991 79,081 1,83,64 7 2,84,37 9 1,70,32 1 5,84,21 2 3,15,67 6 1,58,61 5 1,24,75 3 19,00,6 84

2001 86,131 1,99,24 3 3,03,00 0 1,83,08 0 2,78,11 2 3,63,02 8 1,75,06 8 1,33,65 7 17,21,3 19

Source: Hassan District at a Glance: 2012-2013 Table-3: Density per (Sq. Km) Sex Ratio and Growth Rate in the Hassan District (1991 to 2001)

TALUKS ALUR ARKALGUD ARASIKERE BELUR CHANNARAYAPATNA HASSAN HOLENARSIPURA SAKLESHPURA TOTAL

Density 1991 183 270 224 202 243 335 263 121 230

Density 2001 199 295 238 217 266 385 290 129 251

Sex Ratio 1991 1,008 1,000 981 998 1,030 991 1,000 995 999

Sex Ratio 2001 1004 1002 991 1002 1019 1004 999 1022 1005

Growth Rate 1991 13.86 17.96 11.42 15.15 16.56 18.58 20.83 9.42 15.67

Growth Rate 2001 8.91 9.09 6.55 7.49 9.4 14 10.37 7.14 9.66

Ravisha. G. M. & Dr. H. Nagaraj (Pg. 8237-8249)

8246

Table-4: Density and Decimal Growth Rate and Percentage of Population in the Hassan District; from 1991 to 2001 Census: Taluks

Density as per 1991 SL.NO census 1 Alur 183 2 Arkalgudu 270 3 Arsikere 224 4 Belur 202 5 CR Patna 243 6 Hassan 335 7 HN Pura 263 8 Sakleshpura 121 Total Hassan 121 District

Area (Sq.kms). 2001 199 295 238 217 266 385 290 129 251

Growth Rate in 1991 13.86 17.96 11.42 15.15 16.96 18.58 20.83 9.42 15.67

Growth Growth Rate in Rate in 2001 2011 8.91 -0.95 9.09 2.31 6.55 4.06 7.49 0.38 9.40 0.61 14.00 9.07 10.37 3.96 7.14 -4.25 9.66 3.18

Sources: Hassan District Gazetteer and census of India Reports from 1911-2011. Table-5: Growth of Population for Last Ten Decades from 1901 to 2011 S L 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Taluks

190 1

1911

192 1

Alur

0.43

0.39

0.38

Arkalgudu

0.76

0.81

0.79

Arsikere

0.79

0.86

0.93

Belur

0.76

0.70

0.68

CR Patna

0.90

0.95

0.93

Hassan

0.94

0.96

0.99

HN Pura

0.57

0.64

0.50

0.43

0.44

5.68

5.78

5.81

Sakleshpu ra Total

193 1 0.3 4 0.7 4 1.0 7 0.6 5 1.0 1 1.0 1 0.6 6 0.4 4 5.9 6

1941

1951

0.31

0.33

0.75

0.85

1.18

1.40

0.65

0.70

1.10

1.19

1.12

1.32

0.71

0.79

0.43

0.53

6.27

7.15

196 1 0.4 9 1.0 6 1.6 7 1.0 2 1.4 0 1.6 2 0.8 9 0.7 7 8.9 5

1971

1981

1991

2001

2011

0.60

0.69

0.79

0.86

0.85

1.27

1.54

1.83

1.99

2.04

2.08

2.55

2.84

3.03

3.15

0.21

1.47

1.70

1.83

1.84

1.70

2.18

5.84

2.78

2.79

2.14

2.66

3.15

3.63

3.96

1.07

1.31

1.58

1.75

1.82

0.91

1.14

1.24

1.33

1.28

11.02

13.57

15.9 6

17.21

17.76

Sources: Hassan District Gazetteer and census of India Reports from 1911-2011. Table-6: Adults and Age Group of the Hassan District as per 2011 Census

1,43,197

S N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Taluks Alur Arkalgudu Arsikere Belur CR Patna Hassan HN Pura Sakleshpura Total

Male Adults and Old Age Groups 38,509 9,24,479 1,42,451 82,590 1,25,651 1,78,495 82,522 56,999 7,99,696

Female Adults and Old Age Groups 39,212 92,446 84,656 1,29,398 1,80,976 81,826 59,377 8,11,088

Total Adults and Old Age Groups 77,721 1,84,925 2,85,648 1,67,246 2,55,049 3,59,471 1,64,348 1,16,376 16,10,784

Sources: Hassan District Gazetteer and census of India Reports 2011 census. Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Ravisha. G. M. & Dr. H. Nagaraj (Pg. 8237-8249)

Table-7: No of Children in Age Group of (0-6), as per 2011 Census S N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Rural Male

Total

3,390

Femal e 3,477

6,867

Urban Male Fema le 354 313

8,912

8,943

17,855

906

Arsikere

12,68 2

11,973

24,655

Belur

7,524

7,427

14,951

CR Patna

10,30 4

9,908

20,212

Hassan

9,581

9,418

18,999

HN Pura

7,530

7,291

14,821

4,839

4,838

9,677

64,76 2

63,275

1,28,03 7

Taluks Alur Arkalgud u

Sakleshp ura Total

2,59 5 1,19 2 2,32 1 9,04 0 1,51 3 1,28 8 19,2 09

Total

Total Male

667

3,744

Fema le 3,790

899

1,805

9,818

9,842

2,441

5,036

15,27 7

14,41 4

1,069

2,261

8,716

8,496

2,216

4,537

8,656

17,69 6

12,62 5 18,62 1

12,12 4 18,07 4

1,505

3,018

9,043

8,796

1,292

2,580

6,127

6,130

18,39 1

37,60 0

83,97 1

81,66 6

Total 7,534 19,66 0 29,69 1 17,21 2 24,74 9 36,69 5 17,83 9 12,25 7 1,65,6 37

Sources: Hassan District Gazetteer and census of India Reports 2011 census. Table-8: Decimal Growth Rate and Percentage of Population in the Hassan District from 1961 to 2011 Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Taluks

1961-71

1971-81

1981-91

1991-01

2001-11

Arsikere Belur Hassan Alur C.R. Patna H.N. Pura Arkalgudu Sakleshpura

24.53 18.30 32.73 22.41 21.23 20.04 19.83 17.61

22.14 21.66 23.98 15.36 27.87 22.40 21.00 25.04

11.42 15.14 18.58 13.86 16.56 20.84 17.95 09.42

06.55 07.49 15.00 08.91 09.40 10.37 09.08 07.03

04.06 00.38 09.07 00.95 00.61 03.96 02.31 04.25

Total G.R 80.56 78.10 124.60 75.12 97.60 95.90 95.90 86.50

Sources: Hassan District Gazetteer and census of India Reports from 1961-2011. Figure 2: Age Structure of the Hassan District

2000000 1000000 Total persons

0 All ages 0-4 9-May 14-Oct 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-97 80+

Population

Age and Sex Structure of the Hassan District

Male Female

Age Groups

Sources: Hassan District Gazetteer and Census of India Reports as per 2011 census. Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

8247

Ravisha. G. M. & Dr. H. Nagaraj (Pg. 8237-8249)

8248

Figure 3: Adults and Age Group of the Hassan District as per 2011 Census

Population of Age Groups

Adults and age group of Hassan district as per 2011 census

1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000

Male adults and Old age groups Female adults and Old age groups Total adults and Old age groups

Source; Growth of Population 2011 Hand Book of Population and Hassan District Gazetteer and Census of India Reports as per 2011 census Figure 4: Decimal growth and percentage of population in the Hassan district

Percentage

Decimal Growth and Percentage of Population in the Hassan District from 1961 to 2011 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

1961-71 1971-81 1981-91 1991-01 2001-11 Total G.R

Source; Growth of Population 1961-2-11 Hand Book of Population and the Hassan District Gazetteer and Census of India Reports BIBLIOGRAPHY: Hassan District at a Glance (2012-13). Metra Ashok. (1978): India’s Population: Aspect of Quality and Control, Abhinav Publication’s New Delhi. Morris. A., (1998): Geography and Development, University College of London Press London. Prakash, O., (1970): Pattern of Population in Uttar Pradesh National Geographical Journals of Indian 16-150-160. Premi, Mahindra, K., (2006): P0pulattion of India in the New Millennium Census 2001; National Book Trust, New Delhi. Program (UNDP): Human Development Report, 2011, Oxford University Press. Zelinsky, W., (1966): A Prologue to Population Geography Prentice Hall, Inc. N.J. Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Ravisha. G. M. & Dr. H. Nagaraj (Pg. 8237-8249)

8249

Human geography by Majid Husain Babe Reddy T. (1998): “Rural-urban migration” An economic interpretation, Reliance publication house, New Delhi Bhattacharya, A (1978): “Population Geography of India” Shree publication house, New Delhi. Chandna R.C. (1979): “Growth of Population in Haryana: 1961-71” The Indian Geographical Journal. Volume -54 No.1 June