Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 7.278, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, OCT-NOV, 2021, VOL-9/48
vkizoklh fgUnh dgkfu;ksa esa miHkksxrkoknh laLd`fr dk laca/kksa ij izHkko lfjrk oekZ1] Ph. D. & jkgqy dqekj2] Ph. D.
,lksfl,V izksQslj ,oa foHkkxk/;{k] esjB dkWfyt] esjB 2fganh foHkkx 1
Paper Received On: 25 NOV 2021 Peer Reviewed On: 30 NOV 2021 Published On: 1 DEC 2021 Abstract
fgUnh lkfgR; dk {ks= foLr`r Qyd ij QSyk gqvk gSA vkizoklh ys[ku dks fgUnh lkfgR; ds QSyrs gq, Qyd dk foLrkj dgk tk ldrk gSA vkizoklh dks fons'kksa esa cls Hkkjrh;ksa dk lkfgR;] Hkkjroa'kh vFkok Hkkjr ds ikj dk jpuk lalkj vkfn ukeksa ls tkuk tkrk gSA bldk viuk ,d vyx lekt'kkL= gSA foLr`r Qyd ij lkfgR; dk foLrkj gksus ds dkj.k bldks ,d fuf'pr lhek vFkok fdlh ,d iSekus esa fo'ysf"kr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA izoklh lkfgR; ds vUrxZr ekWjh'kl] fQth] f=funkn] xq;kuk ds lkfgR; dk viuk lekt'kkL= gSA fczVs u esa fy[kh xbZ dgkfu;k¡ ml oxZ dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gSa] tks Hkkjr ls voljksa vkSj iSlksa dh ryk'k esa fczVus vkSj ;wjksi rks pys x,A fdUrq ogk¡ dh laLd`fr] lekt] ogk¡ dh uhfr;ksa ls lkeatL; LFkkfir ugha dj ik, vkSj [kqn dks vlgt vuqHko djrs gSaA rhoz vkS|ksxhdj.k ds ifj.kkeLo:i if'peh lekt esa ekuo thou vf/kdkf/kd vkjke ryc ,oa ,s'o;Ziw.kZ thou 'kSyh dk vknh gks x;kA e'khuhdj.k vkSj ;a=hdj.k ds dkj.k cktkj esa u,&u, mRikn loZlqyHk gks x,A ekuo thou dks bu mRiknksa dks ijkslus ds fy, mlds vopsru esa fNih ykylkvksa dks tkxzr fd;k x;k vkSj bl dk;Z dks foKkiu txr~ us vklku cuk;kA ekuo thou vf/kd ls vf/kd lqfo/kkvksa dks ywVus dh fn'kk esa vxzlkfjr gqvkA ftlds dkj.k og HkkSfrdrkiw.kZ thou 'kSyh vkSj miHkksxrkoknh n'kZu dks vius thou esa vf/kd egÙo nsus yxkA ftlls lekt esa dkQh mFky&iqFky vkSj VwV&QwV gqbZ] ekuoh; laca/k fNUu&fHkUu gks x,A iqjkuh ekU;rk,¡] ijaijk,¡ vkSj fl)kUr lHkh ladV ds ?ksjs esa vk x,A vkizoklh dgkuh if'peh lekt ds miHkksxrkoknh n'kZu ds dkj.k laca/kksa esa vk, cnyko ij xgurk ls fopkj&foe'kZ djus ds lkFk&lkFk gh ,d fodYi gh [kkst Hkh djrh gSA Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
y{eh/kj ekyoh; dh dgkuh ^NqV~Vh dk fnu* miHkksxrkoknh laLd`fr ds dkj.k thou esa vkbZ ,djlrk] Åc vkSj lac/a kksa esa vk, B.Msiu dh iM+rky djrh gS& ^^flQZ ,d fnu cfYd ,d fnu Hkh ugha vk/kk fnuA lsDl daIyhV fon fMuj] mlh us dgk FkkA D;k og vk'p;Ztud ugha gS fd lkjh nksigj uj&eknk [kjxks'kksa dh rjg ,d&nwljs dh nsg ls yM+us&fHkM+us ds ckn] isVHkj [kkuk [kkdj] LVs'ku] IysVQkWeZ ij gksaB xksy dj gok esa pweus ds rhl feuV ckn iwNus dks ;g loky mlds eq¡g esa vk;k& buds rhl feuV igys ugha fd D;k eSa mlls izse djrk gw¡\ eSa] og] ge lc ,d&nwljs dks Nwrs gSa rks eqyk;e vkSj xquxqus Li'kZ ds lkFk ca/k tkrs gSA ge lc yksx bZ'oj ds foykse ugha rks Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
MkWΠlfjrk oekZ &MkWΠjkgqy dqekj
12017
(Pg. 12016-12019)
D;k gSa\**1 mi;qZDr m)j.k fu}Za} Hkksx dks mtkxj djrk gSA ftldk uk;d bl dgkuh esa Lo;a ls iz'u djrk gSa fd ;g izse gS ;k dqN vkSjA og Lo;a ugha tkurk vkSj uk gh tkuuk pkgrk gSA og dsoy ;g tkurk gS fd mlds thou dk ,d fnu chr x;kA pkgs og fujFkZd gks ;k vkd"kZ.k ek=A ;g fujFkZdrk cks/k rFkk laca/kksa esa vkbZ Åc jkxkRed izo`fÙk;ksa ds âkl ds dkj.k mRiUu gqbZA 'kkjhfjd r`fIr vkSj miHkksxrkoknh n'kZu fpj LFkkbZ ugha gSA HkkSfrd lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dh pdkpkSa/k esa if'peh txr~ dks vkRelkr~ djrs gq, gekjh laons uk,¡ e`rizk; gksrh tk jgh gSaA ^Vhl* dgkuh esa txeksgu dkSj HkkSfrdrkoknh n'kZu ds dkj.k lac/a kksa esa vkbZ njkj dks js[kkafdr djrh gSaA ^Vhl* dgkuh esa ,d eklwe cPpk fot; vius ekrk&firk ds O;ogkj ,oa HkkbZ&cgu dh e`R;q ds dkj.k ,d vKkr Hk; ,oa ekufld ;kruk dk f'kdkj gks tkrk gSA ifjokj esa fot; dh bl leL;k dks le>us dk fdlh ds }kjk dksbZ iz;kl Hkh ugha fd;k tkrk vkS j mlds Åij i<+kbZ ds fy, fujUrj ncko Mkyk tkrk jgkA vkt ds le; esa HkkSfrdoknh thou 'kSyh euq"; ds Åij iwjh rjg ls dkfct+ gks pqdh gSA tgk¡ ,d&nwljs ds nq%[k&nnZ gesa cgqr ckSus yxrs gSaA ^Vhl* dgkuh dk ;g m)j.k bl fLFkfr dh lE;d~ ij iM+rky djrk gS& ^^dqy feykdj ;gh rF; fudyk fd ;fn cPpk i<+kbZ esa detksj Fkk] rks muds ikl V~;w'ku ds fy, D;ksa ugha Hkst k x;kA vc dqN ugha gks ldrkA gk¡] dsoy fgUnh dh v/;kfidk Jherh xqatu us esjh ckr /;kuiwoZd lquh vkSj fot; ds izfr lgkuqHkwfr fn[kkbZA dsoy Vhpj ls ln~Hkkouk ds 'kCn lqu eSa /kU; gqbZA bl HkkSfrd lq[kksa ds ;qx esa nwljksa ds d"V fdrus ckSus gksdj jg x, gSaA** bl m)j.k ds ek/;e ls ysf[kdk us miHkksxrkoknh n'kZu ds dkj.k vekuoh; gksrs lekt dh Øwj rLohj dks 'kCnksa ds ek/;e ls lekt ds lkeus mdsjk gSA fgeka'kq tks'kh us miHkksxrkoknh laLd`fr ls mRiUu Hkkjrh; vkSj if'peh laLd`fr ds }a} ij fVIi.kh djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd ^^vkizoklh lkfgR; esa lcls cM+h leL;k gS& lkaLd`frd vk?kkr dhA iwoZ esa tSlh ekU;rk,¡ gSa] if'peh lalkj esa Bhd mlds foijhr ?kfVr gksrk gSA :f<+oknh eukso`fÙk ds yksxksa ls bls lgt dh lg ikuk dfBu gksrk gSA**2 lqjsUnzukFk frokjh dh dgkuh ^miyfC/k;k¡* if'peh txr~ dh izfrLi/kkZRed vkSj /ku&fyIlk ds dkj.k laca/kksa esa vk, fc[kjko vkSj B.Msiu dks mtkxj djrh gSA csVs ds ikl vius firk ds vfUre laLdkj rd ds fy, oDr ugha gS og vius firk ds vfUre laLdkj ls vf/kd ^nks fefy;u* ds dkWUVªsV ds fy, fpafrr gS& ^^lat; ds Loj esa cM+h ?kcjkgV Fkh] vuqu; Fkh lqjsUnz th eq>s blds ckjs esa dqN Hkh irk ugha gS] D;k&D;k djuk gksxk] MsM ckWVh ds lkFk vkSj eq>s ijlksa gh eSfDldks tkuk gS] eSaus gh fuxksf'k;sV fd;k gSA** MsM ckWMh okyh ckr ij ,d for`".kk&lh gksrh gS eu esaA ,d dlSykiu] ,d vkØks'k irk ugha fdl ij] irk ugha D;ksa\**3 Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
MkWΠlfjrk oekZ &MkWΠjkgqy dqekj
12018
(Pg. 12016-12019)
mi;qZDr mnkgj.k if'peh txr~ ds fueZe lR; dk vadu djrk gSA firk dh e`R;q us mlds dkeksa esa my>u iSnk dj nh gSA firk ds e`r 'kjhj dks og ek= MsM ckWMh le>dj bl rjg izfrfØ;k O;Dr djrk gS tSls og mldk firk ugha cfYd dksbZ vtuch O;fDr gksA mlds 'kCnksa esa tks ?kcjkgV gS og firk dh e`R;q ds dkj.k ugha cfYd nks fefy;u ds dkWUVªsV ds NwV tkus dks ysdj gSA ;g if'peh txr~ ds ;FkkFkZ vkSj dVq lR; dks fpf=r djrk gSA laca/kksa esa vk, cnyko] miHkksxrkoknh thou&'kSyh vkSj iSlk dekus dh vFkkg pkg ds dkj.k gSA if'peh txr~ dk ;qok vius vdsysiu vkSj fn'kkghurk dks laHkksx esa Mqcks nsuk pkgrk gS rFkk vius thfor jgus ds ihNs rdZ <w¡<rk gSA fot; pkSgku dh dgkuh ^'kke ds oDr* esa ys[kd us blh leL;k dk vadu fd;k gS& ^^cgqr Vs<+k loky gS D;k larqfyr gS vkSj D;k ughaA Hkkoukvksa dk neu dj lnk mi;qDr ckrsa djuk esjh le> esa larqyu ugha blfy, esjh iM+kl s u] viuh fdrkc can djksA esjs njokts ij nLrd nksA eSa njoktk [kksy rqEgs viuh ck¡gksa esa ys yw¡xkA rqEgkjk ,dkdhiu vkSj esjh fn'kkfoghurk ,d&nwljs dks fujLr dj nsxhA ge nksuksa dks lkFk&lkFk Kku gksxk fd gekjs thfor jgus ds ihNs dkSu&lk rdZ gSA**4 if'peh lekt dk ;qok miHkksxrkoknh laLd`fr ds lgkjs Hkh vf/kd le; rd lqdwu ugha ik ldrkA mi;qZDr m)j.k bldh lVhd O;k[;k djrk gSA larqfyr vkSj vlarqfyr dh ifjHkk"kk gh dqN ugha gSA if'peh txr~ laons ughu gks pqdk gSA fo'kk[k Bkdj us viuh dgkuh ^is'a ksaV ikfdZax* esa fpfdRlk txr~ dh blh laons ukghurk dk fp=.k djrs gq, fy[kk gS fd ^^nks cM+s MkWDVj esjh /kM+dus yxkrkj ,ŒdsŒthŒ ds ekWuhVj esa pyrh ns[kdj jkgr dh lk¡l ysrs gSa fd mudk izkstsDV [kRe gksus ls igys eSa ejh ughaA vHkh dqN ftUnk gw¡A eSa buds iz;ksx dk] buds izkstsDV dk ,d vge~ fgLlk cu x;h gw¡A ;s tc fdlh Hkh cM+s oSKkfud lEesyu esa tk,¡xs rks ogk¡ esjs jksx ds gj igyw dh ppkZ djsx a sA esjh gj lk¡l dk ftØ gksxkA esjs 'kjhj ds dkVs gq, dks"kksa dh rLohjksa dks os /;ku ls ns[ksx a s flQZ eSfMdy fgLVªh dk ,d fnypLi dsl le>djA esjk dgha dksbZ uke ugha gksxkA eSa buds fjdkWMZ cqd esa jg tkÅ¡xh flQZ is'ksVa uacj 312 cudjA**5 ,d is'ksaV dk dsoy eSfMdy fgLVªh dk ,d dsl cuuk rFkk fjdkWMZ cqd esa mldh mifLFkfr 312 uEcj ls gksuk] if'peh lekt dh laons ughurk dk gh lwpd gSA MkWDVj ftls lekt esa Hkxoku dk ntkZ fn;k tkrk gS og fdl rjg tM+ghu O;ogkj dk ifjp; nsrk gSA mlds fy, ejht ek= ,d ^izkstsDV* gSaA mi;qZDr fLFkfr lac/a kksa esa vk, cnykoksa dks gh mtkxj djrh gSA if'peh txr~ dh ekuoh;rk dks rkj&rkj djrh vfHkeU;q vuar dh dgkuh ^ekreiqlhZ*] tgk¡ O;fDr ds ejus ij Hkh yksx tqvk [ksydj iSlk dekus dh fQjkd esa jgrs gSaA ;g if'peh txr~ dk dVq lR; gS tgk¡ ekuoh;rk dk rsth ls âkl gks jgk gSA D;k ;gh if'peh lekt] lekt dh fu;fr Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
MkWΠlfjrk oekZ &MkWΠjkgqy dqekj
12019
(Pg. 12016-12019)
cu x;h gSA m)j.k ns[ks& a ^^?kj ds Hkhrj ls lQsn deht vkSj /kksrh igus ,d v/ksM+ O;fDr lkeus vk x;kA mlus yksxksa ds /;ku dks viuh vksj vkdf"kZr djds fourh Hkjs 'kCnksa esa dgk& nsf[k,] eSa vki lHkh yksxksa ls fourh dj jgk gw¡A gekjs ?kj ds Hkhrj esjh ek¡ dk 'ko gSA ge yksx mudh vkRek dh 'kkfUr ds fy, osn&ea=ksa dk ikB dj jgs gSaA esjs firkth dk vkns'k gS fd gekjs ?kj bl nq%[kn ekSds ij tqvk u [ksyk tk,A vki yksx cqjk u ekusaA bls rRdky can dj nsAa **6 ekWjh'kl dh dgkfu;ksa ds laca/k esa fgeka'kq tks'kh dh fVIi.kh lVhd cSBrh gSA os ekWjh'kl ds bfrgkl dks fp=dkjksa ls Hkjk xwaxk bfrgkl dgrs gSaA if'pe esa jg jgs lkfgR;dkjksa dh jpukvksa esa vk/kqfud lH;rk ds vfHk'kki iz'u fpà cudj mHkjs gSaA vfHkeU;q vuar dh dgkuh ^ekreiqlhZ* thou ewY;ksa esa vk, bUgha cnykoksa dks csckdh ls fpf=r djrh gSA miHkksxrkoknh thou 'kSyh us euq"; dks vius gkFk dh dBiqryh cuk fn;k gSA O;fDr bu lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dk bruk vkfn gks pqdk gS fd blds fcuk og vius thou dh dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ldrkA rstsUnz 'kekZ dh dgkuh ^vfHk'kIr* blh thou 'kSyh dks mtkxj djrh gSA ,d mnkgj.k bl lUnHkZ esa mYys[kuh; gS& ^^rqe pkgdj Hkh bl thou dh lqfo/kkvksa dks NksM+ ugha ldrsA rqe mu yksxksa esa gks tks jkst 'kke dks 'kjkc ds fxykl ij lokj gksdj vius ns'k pys tkrs gSa vkSj lqcg gksrs gh BaMh jksVh [kkdj is;j gkml igq¡p tkrs gSaA**7 euq"; miHkksxrkoknh laLd`fr esa fdl izdkj fujkfJr vkSj vkRedsfUnzr gks tkrk gSA ;g m)j.k bldk gokyk nsrk gSA fu"d"kZr% ge dg ldrs gSa fd miHkksxrkoknh n'kZu esa if'peh lekt ds laca/kksa dks cgqr xgurk ls izHkkfor fd;k gS rFkk muesa vkewy&pwy ifjorZu Hkh fd;k gSA bl ifjorZu esa ldkjkRed ds ctk; udkjkRed izHkko ifjyf{kr gksrs gSa] ftlus ekuo thou 'kSyh dks cgqr xgjkbZ rd izHkkfor fd;k gSA lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph y{eh/kj ekyoh;& NqV~Vh dk ,d fnu] i`Œ 75 txeksgu dkSj& Vhl] i`Œ 126 fgeka'kq tks'kh& u, f{kfrtksa dh ryk'k] i`Œ 13 lqjUs nz frokjh& miyfC/k;k¡] i`Œ 261 fot; pkSgku& 'kke dk oDr] i`Œ 166 fo'kk[k Bkdj& is'ksVa ikfdZax] i`Œ 194 vfHkeU;q vuar& ekreiqlhZ] i`Œ 292
Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language