Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 7.278, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, OCT-NOV, 2021, VOL-9/48
gkbZLdwy Lrj ij lg&f’k{kk ,oa ,dy f’k{kk fo|ky; esa v/;;ujr~ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lek;kstu {kerk ,oa O;fDrRo xq.kksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u ’kqHkzk ih0 dk.Miky1]
Ph. D. &
izdk’k pUnz mizsrh2
1
,lksfl,V izksQslj] ch0,M0 foHkkx] ,e0 ch0 th0 ih0 th0 dkWyst gY}kuh ]dqek¡Å fo'ofo|ky;A
2
ih0,p0Mh0 ’kks/kkFkhZ ,e0 ch0 th0 ih0 th0 dkWyst gY}kuh ]dqek¡Å fo'ofo|ky;A
Paper Received On: 25 NOV 2021 Peer Reviewed On: 30 NOV 2021 Published On: 1 DEC 2021 Abstract
çLrqr v/;;u gkbZLdwy Lrj ij lg&f'k{kk rFkk ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lek;kstu {kerk o O;fäRo xq.kksa ij fd;k x;k gSA orZeku 'kks/k esa vYeksM+k ftys ds gokyckx Cy‚d ds gkbZLdwy Lrj ds lgf'k{kk rFkk ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa mÙkjk[kaM cksMZ ls iM+us okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij fd;k x;k gSA mä 'kks/k esa lek;kstu {kerk ekiu ds fy, çks0 ,0 ds0 flUgk ,oa çks0 vkj0 ih0 flag dh (AISS-SS) rFkk O;fäRo xq.kksa ds ekiu ds fy, M‚0 ,u0 d0s pìk rFkk Jherh lquank panuk dh (DTS-SCALE) dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gS rFkk U;kn'kZ dk p;u v;k– fPNd U;kn'kZ dh dksVk U;kn'kZ fof/k ls fd;k x;k gS bl 'kks/k esa U- ijh{k.k dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gS rFkk fu"d"kZ esa ,dy o f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa ds Nk=&Nk=kvksa dh lek;kstu {kerk esa lkFkZd varj ik;k x;k gS ’kCndqath %& (1) lek;kstu {kerk (2) O;fäRo xq.k (3) lg&f'k{kk (4) ,dy f'k{kk Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
izLrkouk %&orZeku ;qx dks ekuo tkfr ds bfrgkl dk lokZf/kd HkkSfrdoknh ;qx ekuk tk ldrk gSA ,sls ;qx esa ,d fo|kFkhZ ds thou dk vfUre y{; HkkSfrd lqfo/kkvksa dk vtZu djuk cu x;k gSA ;g y{; fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d iFkHkz"V ;k fn’kkghu thou dh vksj /kdsyrk tk jgk gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh vko’;drk,¡ tks dHkh f’k{kk xzg.k djus rd gh lhfer Fkh] vkt lqjlk ds eq[k dh rjg c<+rh tk jgh gSaA HkkSfrdrkoknh lalkj esa thou ewY;ksa dk iru gksrk tk jgk gSA fo|kFkhZ vkt vius izkphu ewY;kas rFkk lkekftd xq.kksa dks Hkwyrs tk jgs gSaA vkt cnyrs gq, bl ;qx esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa lkekftd O;ogkj dk xq.k Hkh O;fDrxr vkdka{kkvksa ls izsfjr gS] tks fuLlUnsg izkphu lkaLÑfrd ,oa lkekftd ewY;ksa ls ugha oju~ vkt ds HkkSfrd ewY;ksa ls izHkkfor gks pqdh gaSA vkt ds lalkj esa f’k{kk ds efUnj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,slk okrkoj.k iznku dj ikus esa vlQy fl) gks jgs gSa] tks muesa lek;kstu] vkRe&lEizR;;] lkekftd O;ogkj tSls xq.kksa dk fodkl dj ldsa vkSj tks mUgsa Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dh igpku jgs ewY;ksa ls tksM+ ldsaA ekuo dh egkurk mlds O;fDrRo ds xq.kksa ls tqM+h gSA ekuo ds O;fDrRo dks fodflr djus ds fy, mlds fofHkUu ?kVdksa ;k xq.kksa dk fodkl vko’;d Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
MkW0 ’kqHkzk ih0 dk.Miky & izdk’k pUnz mizsrh
11995
(Pg. 11994-12001)
gksrk gSA fodflr O;fDrRo okys fo|kFkhZ gh ,d fodflr vkSj egku jk"Vª dk fuekZ.k dj ldrs gSaA O;fDrRo dks izHkkfor djus okys xq.kksa esa lek;kstu egRoiw.kZ gSA viuh vko’;drkvksa vkSj mldh iwfrZ ds lk/kuksa ds e/; lUrqyu cuk;s j[kus dk ;g xq.k ;fn fo|kFkhZ esa ugha gks rks mlds O;fDrRo dk lgt fodkl lEHko ugha gks ldrkA lekt esa fdlh O;fDr ds O;ogkj dk vkSj vUrr% mlds O;fDrRo dk mlds }kjk viuk;s x;s ewY;ksa ls xgu lEcU/k gksrk gSA lR;] vfgalk] vifjxzg] fu%LokFkZ izse] 'kkfUr vkSj n;k tSls lgt vkSj 'kk’or ewY; bl HkkSfrdrkoknh ;qx esa fujUrj fo?kfVr gksrs tk jgs gSaA vr% fuf’pr :i ls vkt vko’;drk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks bl izdkj dh f’k{kk iznku djus dh gS] tks muesa lek;kstu dh ;ksX;rk] thou vkSj Lo;a ds izfr ,d ldkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k] lekt ds izfr mRÑ"V O;ogkj rFkk ewY;ksa dk fodkl dj lds] ftlls dh og lekt vkSj ns’k dks ^fo’o&xq:* dh izkphu izfr"Bk iqu% ykSVk ldsA vkt f’k{kk 'kkL=] lekt&’kkL=] foKku vkSj euksfoKku ds {ks= esa fd;s tk jgs 'kks/kdk;ksZa dk izeq[k mn~ns’; ckyd ds O;fDrRo dks Js"Brk iznku djus ls lEcfU/kr jg x;k gSA 'kks/k ds bl izeq[k mn~ns’; dh iwfrZ gsrq fopkj {ks= fo|kFkhZ] f’k{kd] lekt] f’k{k.k&fof/k] rFkk ikB~;p;kZ ij dsfUnzr gks tkrk gSA vkt dk fo|kFkhZ dy dh lkekftd ,oa jk"Vªh; /kjksgj gS rFkk mls ldq’ky j[kus ,oa vius nkf;Ro ds fuoZgu dh ;ksX;rk iznku djus ds lkFk&lkFk f’k{kd mlds fodkl] mUufr] ,oa vH;qn; dh dYiuk djrk gSA f’k{kd vius Nk= dk Hkfo"; lq[kn ,oa fujkin j[kuk pkgrk gSA fdUrq ,slk fdl izdkj fd;k tk;s] vkt ds fo|kFkhZ dks dy dk Js"B ukxfjd fdl izdkj cuk;k tk;s\ ;g ,d fopkj.kh; iz’u lnSo gh jgk gSaA f’k{kd pkgdj Hkh Nk= dks vius euksuqdwy lk¡ps esa ugh <+ky ikrkA tSfodh; n`f"V ls lekurk,¡ gksus ij Hkh f’k{kd ,oa fo|kFkhZ ds euksfoKku esa vUrj gksrk gSA O;fDr ds ewY;ksa] pfj=] dYiuk] fopkjks]a rdZ] vkRe&cks/k] O;ogkj lek;kstu] :fp vkfn loZFkk fHkUu gksrs gSaA fo|kFkhZ Hkh ,sls eukoSKkfud xq.kksa esa f’k{kd ls fHkUu gksrs gSaA f’k{kk dk mn~ns’; gh ekuo ds O;fDrRo dk ifjektZu gSA HkkSfrdrk ds izHkko ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks eqDr j[krs gq, mUgsa fdl izdkj ns’k o lekt ds mi;qDr euq"; ds :i esa fodflr fd;k tk;s bldk lek/kku f’k{kk i)fr o f’k{kdksa ds le{k fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds O;fDrRo o euksoSKkfud 'khy xq.kksa dks vf/kdkf/kd Li"V :i esa j[kus ls gh lEHko gSA tSeu] th0,l0 ¼1982½ us ^fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds uSfrd pfj= o O;fDrRo lek;kstu esa lEcU/k* fo’k; ij ’kks/kdk;Z djds vius “kks/k v/;;u ds fu’d’kksZa esa ik;k fd Nk=ksa dh rqyuk esa Nk=kvksa dk uSfrd pfj= mPp ik;k x;kA ysdh0ih0 ¼1996½ us ^lek;kstu rFkk O;fDrRo ds fl)kUr* fo’k; ij “kks/kdk;Z dj crk;k fd lek;ksftr O;fDr;ksa dk O;fDrRo mRd`’V gksrk gSA tcfd vlek;ksftr O;fDr;ksa dk O;fDrRo vareqZ[kh gksrk gSA xksyNk] Nk;k ¼1998½ us ^lek;kstu o uSjk’; dk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lh[kus dh xfr o fodkl ij izH kko* ls Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
MkW0 ’kqHkzk ih0 dk.Miky & izdk’k pUnz mizsrh
11996
(Pg. 11994-12001)
lEcfU/kr “kks/k dk;Z lEiUu dj crk;k fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh izo`fRr] >qdko muds lh[kus dh xfr dk fu/kkZjd rRo gSA muds lek;kstu dh “kfDr dk izHkko lh[kus dh xfr o {kerk ij izR;{k :i ls iM+rk gSA Hkkjrh] ,0 ds0 ¼2010½] us ^xzkeh.k o 'kgjh {ks= ds fd'kksjksa ds O;fDrRo lek;kstu dk v/;;u* ls fu"d"kZ fudyk fd xzkeh.k {ks= ds yM+ds o yM+fd;ksa esa 'kgjh {ks= ds yM+ds o yM+fd;ksa dh vis{kk O;fDrRo lek;kstu de gSA eUtw ¼2011½ us ^mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds O;fDrRo vkSj ewY;ksa dk rqyukRed v/;;u* ds fu"d"kZ esa ;g ik;k x;k fd xzkeh.k o 'kgjh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds O;fDrRo esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha ik;k x;k gS orZeku le; esa ge ns[krs gSW fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds thou vkSj O;fDrRo ij bl HkkSfrd ;qx dk nq"izHkko iM+us dh laHkkouk vf/kd gksrh gS rFkk ,slh fLFkfr esa mudk vius drZO; iFk ls HkVduk vkSj nqO;Zluksa esa fyIr gks tkuk lgt gks tkrk gSA bldk nq"izHkko ;g gksrk gS fd muds O;fDrRo dk fodkl muds O;olk; vkSj Hkfo"; ds lekt dh vko’;drkvksa ds vuq:i ugha gks ikrk gSA ifj.kker% ns’k dks uohure Å¡pkbZ;ksa dh vksj ys tkus okys Hkfo"; ds ;s d.kZ/kkj ns’k ds fy, fodkl esa ;ksxnku nsus ds LFkku ij futh fgr ds iwtd cudj v;ksX; ukxfjd fl) gksrs gSa vkSj ns’k dks iru dh vksj vxzlj dj nsrs gSA vr% izLrqr leL;k dks v/;;u gsrq p;fur djuk blfy, egRoiw.kZ gS rkfd ge ;g Kkr dj ldsa fd orZeku f’k{kk iz.kkyh ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa lek;kstu] rFkk O;fDrRo ewY;ksa dk Lrj D;k gSA fo|kFkhZ vkxs pydj ns’k dh izxfr es]a lekt dk ,d mi;ksxh vax cudj lg;ksx nsAa ’kks/k dk;Z ds mn~ns’;%& lg&f’k{kk ,oa ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lek;kstu {kerk dh rqyuk djukA lg&f’k{kk ,oa ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds O;fDrRo xq.kksa dh rqyuk djukA ’kks/k ifjdYiuk,¡%& lg&f’k{kk ,oa ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky; esa i<+us okys Nk=ksa dh lek;kstu {kerk esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gSA lg&f’k{kk ,oa ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky; esa i<+us okyh Nk=kvksa dh lek;kstu {kerk esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gS lg&f’k{kk ,oa ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky; esa i<+us okys Nk=ksa ds O;fDrRo xq.kksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gSA lg&f’k{kk ,oa ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky; esa i<+us okyh Nk=kvksa ds O;fDrRo xq.kksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd vUrj ugha gSA Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
MkW0 ’kqHkzk ih0 dk.Miky & izdk’k pUnz mizsrh
11997
(Pg. 11994-12001)
’kks/k fof/k %& izLrqr ’kks/k esa losZ{k.k fof/k ¼Survey Mathod½ dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA tula[;k %& izLrqr ’kks/k dk;Z esa tula[;k dk rkRi;Z vYeksM+k ftys ds gokyckx CykWd ds gkbZLdwy Lrj ij mRrjk[k.M cksMZ esa ,dy ,oa lg&f’k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr~ fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls gSA U;kn’kZ %&izLrqr ’kks/k dk;Z esa U;kn’kZ vYeksM+k ftys ds ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa jktdh; b.Vj dkWyst] vYeksM a +k] jktdh; dU;k b.Vj dkWyst] vYeksaM+k] vkn’kZ b.Vj dkWyst] vYeksM a +k] vk;Z dU;k b.Vj dkWyst vYeksM a +k rFkk lg&f’k{kk okys fo|ky;ksa esa
jktdh; b.Vj dkWyst] yksf/k;k rFkk
jktdh; b.Vj dkWyst] L;kyh/kkj ds gkbZLdwy Lrj ij v/;;ujr~ 120 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks U;kn’kZ ds :i esa fy;k x;k gSA rFkk U;kn’kZ dk p;u v;kn`fPNd izfrp;u dh dksVk U;kn’kZ fof/k ds }kjk fd;k x;k gSA Rkfydk 1& U;kn’kZ dze la[;k 1
fo|ky;
ySafxd fLFkfr
dqy la[;k
lg&f’k{kk fo|ky;
2
,dy f'k{kk fo|ky;
Nk= Nk=k,¡ Nk= Nk=k,¡
30 30 30 30
dqy U;kn’kZ
120
’kks/k dk;Z esa iz;qDr midj.k %& izLrqr ’kks/k dk;Z esa vuqla/kkudrkZ us nks ekudhd`r midj.kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k gS tks fuEufyf[kr gS %& lek;kstu ekiuh %& izks0 ,0 ds0 flUgk ,oa izks0 vkj0 ih0 flag }kjk fufeZr lek;kstu ekiuh (AISS-SS) dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA tks fo|ky;h fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lek;kstu ds rhu i{k laox s kRed lek;kstu] lkekftd lek;kstu o “kSf{kd lek;kstu dk ekiu djrh gSA fpRr&izd`fr ekiuh [Dimension of Temperament Scale (DTS)] %& MkW0 ,u0 ds0 pM~<k o Jherh lqUunk pUnuk }kjk fufeZr DTS Scale fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds O;fDrRo xq.kksa dk ekiu djrk gSA blesa O;fDrRo xq.kksa ¼fpRr&izd`fr½ dks 15 foekvksa esa ekik x;k gS] ’kks/k dk;Z esa iz;qDr lkaf[;dh %& “kks/kdk;Z esa fofHkUu midj.kksa ls izkIr lwpukvksa ls fu’d’kZ fudkyus ds fy, vko';d gS fd lkaf[;dh; vk/kkj ij mudk fo'ys’k.k fd;k tk,A vr% ’kks/kkFkhZ us izLrqr “kks/k dk;Z esa izkIr vk¡dM+ksa dks SPSS lkW¶Vos;j dh lgk;rk ls lkekU; izkf;drk odz ij forj.k dh tk¡p dh x;h o ik;k fd vk¡dM+ksa dk forj.k lkekU; ugha gSA blfy, “kks/kdrkZ us bl y?kq “kks/k dk;Z esa vk¡dM+ksa ds Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
MkW0 ’kqHkzk ih0 dk.Miky & izdk’k pUnz mizsrh
11998
(Pg. 11994-12001)
fo'ys’k.k ds fy, izfr'kr rFkk ekUu foVuh ^;w ijh{k.k* (Mann-Whitney U Test) dk iz;ksx fd;k gS rFkk bl “kks/k dk;Z dh lHkh lkaf[;dh; lax.kuk,¡ SPSS lkW¶Vos;j }kjk dh x;h gSA iznRrksa dk lkaf[;dh fo’ys"k.k ,oa O;k[;k%& Rkfydk &2: lg&f'k{kk o ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky; esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=ksa ds lek;kstu {kerk dh rqyuk% dze la0 1
fo|ky; dk U;kn’kZ uke ,dy f’k{kk 30
2 2 lg&f’k{kk ;ksx &
30
e/;eku jSad 36-75
U eku
P eku
lkFkZdrk Lrj ¼0-05½
262-50
0-006
lkFkZd
24-25
60
rkfydk la[;k 2 ls Li’V gksrk gS fd ifj{k.k ds ifj.kke iwokZuqeku ds leku ugh gS tgk¡ U dk eku 262-500 rFkk P = 0.006< 0.05 = ɑ gS rFkk ,dy f”k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=ksa dh e/;eku jSad 36-75 vkSj lg&f’k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=ksa dh e/;eku jSad 24-25 gS tks lkFkZdrk ds 0-05 Lrj ij gSA rFkk bl ij ekUu foVuh ^;w ijh{k.k* (Mann-Whitney U Test) dk eku lkFkZd gSA vFkkZr~ lg&f’k{kk
o ,dy f’k{kk
fo|ky; esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=ksa dh lek;kstu {kerk eas lkFkZd
vUrj gSA fdUrq nksukas lewgksa ds e/;eku jSad ls Li’V gS fd lg&f’k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk= ,dy f’k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=ksa dh vis{kk vf/kd lek;ksftr izrhr gksrs gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gks ldrk gS fd lg f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa nksuksa gh fyax ds fo|kFkhZ v/;;u djrs gSa rFkk f'k{kd Hkh efgyk iq#"k nksuksa çdkj ds gksrs gSa blls lg f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa dk okrkoj.k dqN gn rd vkn'kZ lkekftd fLFkfr ds led{k gks tkrk gS Rkfydk&3: lg& f'k{kk o ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky; esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=kvksa ds lek;kstu {kerk dh rqyuk% dze la0 1 2 ;ksx &
fo|ky; dk U;kn’kZ uke 30 ,dy f’k{kk
e/;eku jSad
2lg&f’k{kk
23-68
30
U eku
P eku
lkFkZdrk Lrj ¼0-05½
245-50
0-002
lkFkZd
37-32
60
rkfydk la[;k 3 ls Li’V gksrk gS fd ifj{k.k ds ifj.kke iwokZuqeku ds leku ugh gS tgk¡ U dk eku 245-50 rFkk P = 0.002 <0.05 = ɑ gS rFkk ,dy f’k{kk
fo|ky; ds Nk=kvksa dh
e/;eku jSad 31-32 vkSj lg&f’k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=kvksa dh e/;eku jSad gS tks lkFkZdrk ds 0-05 Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
MkW0 ’kqHkzk ih0 dk.Miky & izdk’k pUnz mizsrh
11999
(Pg. 11994-12001)
Lrj ij gSA rFkk bl ij ekUu foVuh ^;w ijh{k.k* (Mann-Whitney U Test) dk eku lkFkZd gSA vFkkZr~ lg&f’k{kk o ,dy f’k{kk fo|ky; esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=kvksa dh lek;kstu {kerk eas lkFkZd vUrj gSA fdarq e/;eku jSad ls çrhr gksrk gS fd lg f'k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=kvksa dk lek;kstu ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky; dh Nk=kvksa dh vis{kk dqN vf/kd gS bldk dkj.k Hkh lg&f’k{kk fo|ky;ksa dk 'kSf{kd okrkoj.k tks dkQh gn rd lekt dk çfrn'kZ gksrk gS og gks ldrk gS Rkfydk &4: lgf'k{kk o ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr Nk=ksa ds O;fäRo xq.kksa dh rqyuk% dze la0
fo|ky; uke
1
,dy f’k{kk 2 lg&f’k{kk
2 ;ksx &
dk U;kn’kZ
e/;eku jSad U eku
30
32-60
30
28-40
387-00
P eku
lkFkZdrk Lrj ¼0-05½
0-351
fujFkZd
60
rkfydk la[;k 4 ls Li’V gksrk gS fd ifj{k.k ds ifj.kke iwokZuqeku ds leku gS tgk¡ U dk eku 387-00 rFkk P = 0.351 >0.05 = ɑ gS rFkk ,dy f’k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=kvksa dh vkSlr jSad 3260 vkSj lg&f’k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=kvksa dh jSad 28-40 gS tks lkFkZdrk ds 0-05 Lrj ij gSA rFkk bl ij ekUu foVuh ^;w ijh{k.k* (Mann-Whitney U Test) dk eku fujFkZd gSA vFkkZr lgf'k{kk o ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr Nk=ksa ds O;fäRo xq.kksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd varj ugha gS rFkk e/;eku jSad ds vk/kkj ij ns[kk tk, rks ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=ksa ds O;fäRo xq.k lg f'k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=ksa dh vis{kk dqN vf/kd gS bldk dkj.k ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa dsoy ,d fyax dks /;ku esa j[kdj viukbZ tkus okyh f'k{k.k fof/k;ka o xfrfof/k;ka gks ldrh gSaA Rkfydk&5: lg&f'k{kk o ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr Nk=kvksa ds O;fäRo xq.kksa dh rqyuk% dze la0 1 2 ;ksx &
fo|ky; dk U;kn’kZ uke ,dy f’k{kk 30
e/;eku jSad
2 lg&f’k{kk
25-02
30
U eku
P eku
lkFkZdrk Lrj ¼0-05½
285-50
0-015
lkFkZd
35-98
60
rkfydk la[;k 5 ls Li’V gksrk gS fd ifj{k.k ds ifj.kke iwokZuqeku ds leku ugh gS tgk¡ U dk eku 285-50 rFkk P = 0.015 <0.05 = ɑ gS rFkk ,dy f’k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=kvksa dh vkSlr jSad 35-98 vkSj lg&f’k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=kvksa dh jSad 25-02 gSA tks lkFkZdrk ds 0-05 Lrj ij gSA Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
MkW0 ’kqHkzk ih0 dk.Miky & izdk’k pUnz mizsrh
12000
(Pg. 11994-12001)
rFkk bl ij ekUu foVuh ^;w ijh{k.k* (Mann-Whitney U Test) dk eku lkFkZd gSA vFkkZr~ lgf'k{kk ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr Nk=kvksa ds O;fäRo xq.kksa esa lkFkZd varj ik;k x;k A e/;eku jSad ls Hkh Kkr gksrk gS fd ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky; dh Nk=kvksa ds O;fäRo xq.k lgf'k{kk fo|ky; dh Nk=kvksa ds O;fäRo xq.kksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd gSa bldk dkj.k ,dy f'k{kk ckfydk fo|ky;ksa esa dsoy efgyk f'k{kdksa dk gksuk rFkk muds }kjk fØ;kfUor xfrfof/k;ka gks ldrh gSa ’kks/k ifj.kke rFkk fu"d"kZ%& lg&f'k{kk rFkk ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=ksa dh lek;kstu {kerk esa lkFkZd varj gksrk gSA lg&f'k{kk rFkk ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky; dh Nk=kvksa ds lek;kstu {kerk esa lkFkZd varj gksr k gS lg&f'k{kk rFkk ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky; ds Nk=ksa ds O;fäRo xq.kksa esa dksbZ lkFkZd varj ugha gksrk gS lg&f'k{kk o ,dy f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa dh ckfydkvksa ds O;fäRo xq.kksa esa lkFkZd varj gksrk gS ,dy f'k{kk dh vis{kk lg&f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lek;kstu {kerk mPp gksrh gS ’kks/k dk;Z gsrq ’kSf{kd fufgrkFkZ%& f'k{kk'kkL=] lekt'kkL= ,oa euksfoKku ls lacaf/kr 'kks/k ç;kl rc rd vFkZ iw.kZ ugha gks ldrs tc rd fd budh lacfa /kr {ks= esa çkIr ifj.kkeksa dh mikns;rk uk gks ugha rks 'kks/kdrkZ }kjk fd;k x;k 'kks/k dk;Z O;FkZ pyk tkrk gS f'k{kk 'kkL= euksfoKku ,oa lekt foKkuksa esa 'kks/k dk çeq[k mís'; lacaf/kr {ks= esa O;kIr dfe;ksa dks nwj dj f'k{kk O;oLFkk ,oa 'kSf{kd xq.koÙkk dks vf/kd lq–<+ og l'kfädj.k djuk gS çLrqr y?kq 'kks/k v/;;u ls çkIr fu"d"kZ f'k{kk ds {ks= esa fuEu çdkj ls mi;ksxh lkfcr gksaxsA vfHkHkkodksa gsrq%& v/;;u ls Kkr gksrk gS fd vkt ds le; esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lek;kstu {kerk o O;fäRo xq.kksa dk LFkku U;wu gS ftlds dkj.k mudh larkusa xyr jkg dh vksj vxzlj gks jgh gS vfHkHkkod dks pkfg, fd og viuh larkuksa dks vPNs laLdkj nsa rFkk vius larkuksa dks lqjf{kr fo'oLr vkSj lg;ksxh ikfjokfjd okrkoj.k çnku djsa ftlls muesa vius fe=ksa ifjokfjd lnL;ksa o lekt esa lek;kstu dh Hkkouk tkx`r gks fd'kksjkoLFkk esa fo|kFkhZ vusd leL;kvksa ls f?kjs jgrs gSa ftuls fnXHkzfer gksdj og xyr jkg dks pqu ysrs gSa ,sls esa vfHkHkkodksa dks mudh leL;kvksa dks le>uk pkfg, rFkk muesa lek;kstu o mPp O;fäRo xq.k fodflr djus gsrq ç;kl djus pkfg,A Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language
MkW0 ’kqHkzk ih0 dk.Miky & izdk’k pUnz mizsrh
12001
(Pg. 11994-12001)
f'k{kdksa gsrq%& f'k{kdksa ds fy, lq>ko ;g gS fd ;fn fdlh fo|kFkhZ ds O;ogkj esa ifjiDork fn[ks rks og mlds ekrk&firk ls laidZ djsa vkSj dkj.kksa dk irk yxkdj ;qfä iwoZd ifjiDork dh vksj vxzlj djsa fo|ky; ds okrkoj.k dks LoLFk çfrLi/kkZ;qä o çsj.kknk;h cuk, ftlls fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa mPp lek;kstu {kerk O;fäRo xq.kksa dk fodkl laHko gks ldsA ikBîØe fuekZrkvksa ds fy, lq>ko%& çLrqr 'kks/k dk;Z ls çkIr fu"d"kZ ds vuqlkj Nk=ksa ds O;fäRo xq.kksa dk Lrj ik;k x;k gS ikBîØe fuekZrkvksa dks pkfg, fd os ikBîØe dh fo"k; oLrq esa ,sls çdj.kksa rFkk xfrfof/k;ksa dk lekos'k djsa ftlls fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa mPp O;fäRo xq.kksa dk dk fodkl gks ldsA funsZ'ku o ekxZn'kZu gsrq lq>ko%&
çLrqr v/;;u ls Kkr gksrk gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh
lek;kstu {kerk vkSj O;fäRo xq.kksa dk Lrj cgqr de gS blfy, fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mfpr funsZ'ku o ijke'kZ dh vko';drk gS vr% 'kks/k ds ifj.kkeksa }kjk funsZ'kd o ekxZn'kZd mUgsa mfpr lykg nsdj fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa mfpr lek;kstu {kerk O;fäRo xq.kksa dk fodkl djus esa lgk;d gks ldrs gSA lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph%& xksyNk] Nk;k ¼1998½ ^lek;kstu o uSjk’; dk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh lh[kus dh xfr o fodkl ij izHkko tSeu] th0,l0 ¼1982½ ^fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds uSfrd pfj= o O;fDrRo lek;kstu esa lEcU/k*A ikBd]ih-M+h- & ^^f’k{kk euksfoKku**] fouksn iqLrd efUnj] vkxjk] ¼2007½] i`"B la[;k & 450A HkVukxj] lqjs’k ^^'kSf{kd izcU/k ,oa f’k{kk dh leL;k,¡**] lw;Z ifCyd’ku] esjB ¼1996½] Hkkjrh] ,0 ds0 ¼2010½] us ^xzkeh.k o 'kgjh {ks= ds fd'kksjksa ds O;fDrRo lek;kstu dk v/;;u* eUtw ¼2011½ us ^mPprj ek/;fed Lrj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds O;fDrRo vkSj ewY;ksa dk rqyukRed v/;;uA ysdh0ih0 ¼1996½ ^lek;kstu rFkk O;fDrRo ds fl)kUr* MstjVs’ku ,ClVªDs V baVjus”kuy] okY;we 22] la[;k 7] Qjojh 1997] i`a0 la0 161A oekZ jpuk eksgu Hkkjrh; f’k{kk 'kks/k if=dk tqykbZ&fnlEcj 2004] i`0 la0 5&9A f=ikBh] ch0lh0 ¼2007½ ^ch0,M0 egkfo|ky;ksa ds fo|kFkhZ v/;kidksa ds lek;kstu dh tk¡p*A
Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language