Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2016 = 4.44, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.48612, FEB-MAR 2018, VOL- 6/26 https://doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v6i26.11572
A STUDY OF SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG POST GRADUATE STUDENTS Meenakshi & Shaina Assistant Professor, Shah Satnam Ji College of Education, Sirsa (Haryana)- 125055, Email: meenakshi2584@gmail.com M.Ed. Student, Shah Satnam Ji College of Education, Sirsa (Haryana).
Purpose: The major objective of this study was to study Spiritual Intelligence among post graduate students. Operational Terms: Spiritual intelligence is defined as the intelligence essential to realize inner self. It focuses on accommodative and wise utilization of spiritual information to solve problems and achieve goals. Methodology: This study undertakes a survey of the post graduate male and female students of Sirsa District (Haryana) to determine their spiritual intelligence. A sample of 100 students and their responses to different dimensions of Spiritual Intelligence (Critical Existential Awareness, Personal Production, Transcendental Awareness and Conscious State Awareness) were collected using a standardized tool “Spiritual Intelligence self-inventory” developed by David. King (2008). In order to evaluate the responses, t-test was applied. Results: The results revealed that there is no significant difference in spiritual intelligence between male and female post graduate students. Keywords: Spiritual Intelligence, Critical Existential Awareness, Personal Production, Transcendental Awareness, Conscious State Awareness, Post Graduate Students
Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com Introduction Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) is absolutely a new phenomenon and another wonder of psychology. It is directly related to the inner being and existence of human being yet it is not associated with any composed religion. It is straightforwardly characterized as the capacity to know and to be aware of this world and search place in it. Spiritual Intelligence was recognized and identified from the combined findings of spirituality and psychology. It is the
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focal and major key of all intelligences as it is a reliable and truthful means of guidance for the others. Spiritual Intelligence assists and guides a person to use his spiritual information to achieve his goals and solve everyday problems. Spirituality is required to know inner self and spiritual qualities whereas spiritual intelligence is necessary to realize self and lead life accordingly. With the help of spiritual intelligence a person becomes capable to express his spiritual qualities through his behaviour and ideas. It is composed of four kinds: Critical Existential Thinking, Personal Meaning Production, Transcendental Awareness and Conscious State Expansion. Literature Review Sahebalzamani, Farahani, Abasi & Talebi (2013) revealed that spiritual intelligence and psychological well being are significantly related. The components of spiritual intelligence are significantly associated with psychological well being. Dana & Farhangi (2014) found no significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and achievement motivation. Mishra & Vishist (2014) concluded that there is significant influence of Spiritual Intelligence on the success and quality of life of adolescents. Reza & Fariba (2015) in their study revealed that spiritual intelligence, personal meaning and transcendent consciousness are significantly related with job satisfaction. It is also revealed that transcendent consciousness is a predictor of job satisfaction. Ahmad ,Nizar , Zaid, Ahmed & Jawara (2015) found that students reported medium level of spiritual intelligence. The findings revealed that spiritual intelligence is positively and significantly related to its different dimensions as well as personality traits such as agreeableness, extroversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience. Furthermore, there was found no significant relation among personal meaning production, transcendental awareness and neuroticism personality traits. Amirian & Masoud (2015) in their study found that spiritual intelligence has significant predictive value towards general health and happiness. Research Objectives The objectives of the study are: 
To study Spiritual Intelligence among post graduate students.
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To study the critical existential thinking among post graduate students.
To study the personal meaning production among post graduate students.
To study the transcendental awareness among post graduate students.
To study the conscious state expansion among post graduate students.
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Research Methodology To achieve the above research objectives, this study undertakes a survey of the post graduate male and female students of Sirsa District (Haryana) to determine their spiritual intelligence. A sample of 100 students and their responses to different dimensions of Spiritual Intelligence (Critical Existential Awareness,
Personal Production, Transcendental Awareness and
Conscious State Awareness) were collected using a standardized tool “Spiritual Intelligence self-inventory” developed by David. King (2008). Hypotheses
There is no significant difference in Critical Existential Thinking between male
and female post graduate students.
There is no significant difference in Personal Meaning Production between male
and female post graduate students.
There is no significant difference in Transcendental Awareness between male and
female post graduate students.
There is no significant difference in Conscious State Expansion between male and
female post graduate students.
There is no significant difference in Spiritual Intelligence between male and
female post graduate students. Analysis and Result The researcher applied t-test to analyze data and reach at the key findings. Research Question 1: Do gender have any effect on Critical Existential Thinking between male and female post graduate students? Hypothesis 1: There is no significance difference in Critical Existential Thinking between male and female post graduate students.
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Table 1 Gender
N
Mean
Standard deviation
t-test
Male
50
14.44
5.621
1.435
Female
50
15.9
4.486
Interpretation: The mean score for male students is 14.44 and standard deviation is 5.621 and the mean score for female students is 15.9 and standard deviation is 4.486. The difference between male and female student is not significant. The t-value obtained is less than the table value at 0.05 level. Therefore, the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the critical existential thinking between male and female post graduate students is accepted. Research Question 2: Do gender have any effect on Personal Meaning Production between male and female post graduate students? Hypothesis 2: There is no significant difference in personal meaning production between male and female post graduate students. Table 2 Gender
N
Mean
Standard deviation
t-test
Male
50
13.02
3.865
0.538
Female
50
13.4
3.206
Interpretation : The mean score for male students is 13.02 and standard deviation is 3.865 and the mean score for female students is 13.4 and standard deviation is 3.206. The t- value obtained is less than the table value of 0.05 level. There is no significant difference personal production between male and female post graduate students. Therefore, the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the personal meaning production between male and female of post graduate students is accepted. Research Question 3: Do gender have any effect on Transcendental Awareness between male and female post graduate students? Copyright Š 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
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Hypothesis 3: There is no significant difference in Transcendental Awareness between male and female post graduate students. Table 4.3 Gender
N
Mean
Standard deviation
t-test
Male
50
16.26
4.744
0.645
Female
50
16.28
3.902
Interpretation: The mean score for male students is 16.26 and standard deviation is 4.744 and the mean score for female students is 16.28 and standard deviation is 3.902. The t- value obtained is less than the table value of 0.05 level. There is no significant difference in transcendental awareness between male and female post graduate students. Therefore, the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the transcendental awareness between male and female post graduate students is accepted. Research Question 4: Do gender have any effect on Conscious State expansion between male and female post graduate students? Hypothesis 4: There is no significant difference in Conscious State Expansion between male and female post graduate students. Table 4 Gender
N
Mean
Standard deviation
t-test
Male
50
10.96
3.577
1.630
Female
50
12.08
3.309
Interpretation: The mean score for male students is 10.96 and standard deviation is 3.577 and the mean score for female students is 12.08 and standard deviation is 3.309. The t- value obtained is less than the table value of 0.05 level. There is no significant difference in conscious state expansion between male and female post graduate students. Therefore, the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the conscious state expansion between male and female post graduate students is accepted. Copyright Š 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
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Research Question 5: Do gender have any effect on Spiritual Intelligence between male and female post graduate students? Hypothesis 5: There is no significant relation difference in Spiritual Intelligence between male and female post graduate students. Table 5 Gender
N
Mean
Standard deviation
t-test
Male
50
54.28
14.872
1.373
Female
50
57.94
11.571
Interpretation: The mean score for male students is 54.28 and standard deviation is 14.872 and the mean score for female student is 57.94 and standard deviation is 11.571. The t- value obtained is less than the table value at 0.05 level. There is no significant difference in spiritual intelligence between male and female post graduate students. Therefore, the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in spiritual intelligence between male and female post graduate students is accepted. Major Findings
It is found that female students reported high critical existential thinking than male
students. Furthermore no significant difference in the critical existential thinking between male and female post graduate students is found.
The findings revealed that that there is no significant difference in the personal
meaning production between male and female post graduate students.
There is no significant difference in transcendental awareness between male and
female post graduate students.
Female students reported high conscious state expansion than that of male
students. There is no significant difference in conscious state expansion between male and female post graduate students.
It is found that female students reported high spiritual intelligence than male
students. There is no significant difference in spiritual intelligence between male and female post graduate students.
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References Abdul, V., Abidin, I., & Abhamid, M. (2013). The impact of spiritual intelligence on work perfornmence. International Journal of Psychology and Religion, Vol. 10, 14-19. Ahmad, M. M., Naizar, A. S., Zaid, M. A., Ahmed, F. A., & Jawhara, D. A.(2015). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and personality traits among Jordian university students. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, vol. 8, 89-97. Azizi, M, & Zamaniyan, M. (2013). The relationship between spiritual intelligence & vocabulary learnings stratagies in EFL Learners. Theory & practice in language study, Vol. 3(5), 45-48. Chin, S.T.S., Anantharaman, R.N., & Tong, D.Y.K. (2011). The role of emotional intelligence & spiritual intelligence at the work place. Journal of Human Management Research, vol. 11, 56 Dana, Z., & Farhangi, A. (2014). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and educational selfefficacy and achievement motivation and educational achievement among the students. MAGNT Research Report, Vol.2 (6), 952-959. Hassan, A. (2010). A review study on spiritual intelligence, adolescence and spiritual intelligence, factor that may contribute to individual difference in spiritual intelligence and related study. Journal of social sciences, vol.2, 429-438. Hossien, A. et al. (2010). A review study of spiritual intelligence in adolescence in relation to emotions. International journal of psychological study, vol. 2 (2), p. 179 Jain & Purohit. (2006). The spiritual intelligence of elder people. Journal of Indian academy of applied psychology Vol.32 (3), 227-233. Koohbanani, S., Dastjerdi, R., Vahidi, T. & Ghani, M. H. (2013). The relationship between spiritual intelligence & emotional intelligence with life satisfaction brigand gifted female high school students. Procedia-social and behavioral science Vol. 84, 314-320. Leach, M.M., Mitchell, E., Berman & Eubanks, L. (2008). Religious activities, religious orientation & aggressive behavior. Journal of the scientific study of religion, vol. 47(2), 22-25. Mishra, P., & Vashist, K. (2014). A review study of spiritual intelligence, strees& well-being of adolescents in 21st century. International Journal of Research in Applied & Social Science. Vol.2 (4), 11-24. Reza, Z., & Fariba, K. (2015). Relationship between spiritual intelligence and job satisfaction among female high school teachers. Sahebalzamani, M., Farahani, H., Abasi, R., & Talebi, M. (2013). The relationship between spiritual intelligence with psychological well-being and purpose in life of nurse. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Mid Winery Research, Vol. 18(1), 38-41. Zarina, S., Zulkarnain, A., & Noriah, M. (2014). The impact of spiritual intelligence on the health of the elders in Malaysia. Asian Social Work & Policy Review, vol.4 (2), 84-87.
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