Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2018 = 6.371, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFERRED JOURNAL, JULY-AUG, 2019, VOL- 7/52
ihfMr efgykaps O;DrheRo vkf.k lek;kstu lqdU;k iq- HkkVs
¼fuo`Ùk] izkpk;Z½] eqGk ,T;qds’ku lkslk;Vhps baxzth o ejkBh ek/;ekps Mh-,MdkWyst] oMxko xqIrk]vgenuxj- sukanyabhate@gmail.com Abstract
ihfMr efgykaP;k v/;;ukr O;DrheRo vkf.k lek;kstukyk e/;orhZ LFkku vkgs- ihfMr efgykaps oxhZdj.k 1½ ‘kkjhfjd fodykaxrk] 2½ ekufld fodykax] 3½ vkfFkZd nqcZyrk ;kaP;k ek/;ekrwu dsys tkrs- ihfMr efgysps Kku] vfHk:ph] dkS’kY;] vfHko`Rrh] dkS’kY;] vfHko`Ùkh ;kapk lkrR;iw.kZ fopkj dsY;kl R;kaP;k izxrhps ewY;ekiu lektkyk o ikydkauk djrk ;sbZyO;DrheRokoj dqVaqc] ‘kkGk] lekt] lkekftd ifjfLFkrh] HkkSxksfyd fLFkrh gs ifj.kke dj.kkjs ?kVd vlrkr- lek;kstu] fo”ke lek;kstu] laj{k.k ;a=.kk ekufld vkjksX;kph tksikluk ;k}kjs O;DRkhP;k fofo/k ‘kDrhapk fodkl gksr vlrksScholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
izLrkouk%& f’k{k.k ?ks.;klkBh ;s.kkÚ;k v/;;ukFkhZ gk f’k{k.k izfØ;sr ean gksr tkrksv/;;ukrhy ekxklysi.kk gk vusd dkj.kkaeqGs fuekZ.k gksrks] R;kpk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks vko’;d vlrs- lkekftd] ‘kkys; o dkSVqfa cd ifjfLFkrheqGs ihfMr efgyk f’k{k.kkiklwu nwj tkrkr- R;k vkfFkZd n`”Vhus xkatysY;k vlrkr- laLdkjjfgr nkfjnzÓkkeqGs R;kap ‘kks”k.k gksrkauk fnlrs- nMiysY;k ifjfLFkrheqGs R;k lrr nMi.kk[kkyh okojr vlrkr- dkgh efgykaph ckSf/nd {kerk pkaxyh vlwugh R;kauk Hkksorkyps okrkoj.k iks”kd ulrs- vf’kf{kr ikyd] Hkkofud vlqjf{krrk] ewY;kapk vHkko] v’kS{kf.kd okrkoj.k R;keqGs R;k vf/kdkf/kd nqcZy curkrihfMr efgyk%& ^vkiY;kp dqVqackiklwu oafpr vlysY;k ,p vk; Ogh ikWf>fVOg] vukFk] ifjR;Drk] dqekjh ekrk] ‘kjhjfoØ; d:u vfuPNsus thou daB.kkÚ;k nq%[kh efgyk Eg.kts ihfMr efgyk gks;-* Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
lqdU;k iq- HkkVs (Pg. 12828-12833)
12829
1½ ‘kkjhfjd fodykaxrk%& WHO tkxfrd vkjksX; la?kVusP;k ers] fodykaxrk Eg.kts O;DrhP;k lkekU; ekuoh orZukrhy dks.kR;kgh izdkjph nqcZyrk] e;kZnk fdaok vls lkekU; orZu fuekZ.k dj.kkÚ;k {kerkapk vHkko gks;;ke/;s
izkeq[;kus
‘kkjhfjd
nqcZyrk]
va/ki.kk]
eqdsi.kk]
cfgjsi.kk]
pyulaca/kh] esanwpk i{k?kkr v’kk ihfMr O;Drhapk lekos’k gksrkstux.kuk vgokykuqlkj Hkkjrke/;s 2-19 dksVh O;Drh fodykax vkgs- iSdh 57-54% iq:”k rj 42-45% efgyk vkgsr- Hkkjrkr ,dw.k yksdla[;sP;k 2-13 O;Drh fodykax vkgsr- Hkkjrkr 70% fodykax O;Drh csjkstxkj vkgsr2½ ekufld fodykaxrk%& Hkkjrkrhy loZ jkT; o dsanz’kkflr izns’kke/;s ,fizy 1993 iklwu ekufld vkjksX; vf/kfu;e ykxw dj.;kr vkyk vkgs- ;kpk eq[; gsrw ekufldn`”VÓkk vktkjh efgyk] iq:”k ;kaP;klkBh fo’ks”k nok[kkU;kph] uflZax gkseph LFkkiuk dj.ks] ifjpyu o fu;a=.k dj.ks] lektkl /kksdknk;d B: ‘kd.kkÚ;k euks:X.kkaiklwu laj{k.k dj.ks] R;kauk vkjksX; lsok iqjo.ks3½ vkfFkZd nqcZyrk%& nkfjnzÓk] O;lukf/kurk] HkkaM.ks o okn dj.ks] xqUgsxkjh izo`Ùkh] ;ksX; laLdkjkapk vHkko v’kk fofo/k dkj.kkaeqGs lektkr vkfFkZd nqcZyrk fnlwu ;sr-s Hkkjrh; lektkr vfu”V pkyhfjrh] va/kJ/nk] ?kjkr fodklkyk iks”kd okrkoj.k ulY;kl eqyhadMs nqyZ{k gksÅu R;k dkgh osGk LosjkpkjkP;k cGh BjrkrO;DrheRo%& ukeZu ,y- eu & ^O;DrheRo Eg.kts ‘kjhjjpuk] orZu fo’ks”k] vfHk:ph] d`fr{kerk] dr`ZRo vkf.k dyk fo’ks”k ;kaph oSf’k”VÓkiw.kZ xqaQ.k gks;-* ,- ,- VªWDlyj & ^O;DRkheRo Eg.kts lkekftd ifjfLFkrhr ?kM.kkÚ;k O;DrhP;k orZukph xksGk csjht gks;-* O;DrheRokoj ‘kjhjjpuk] tSfod jlk;us] O;DrhP;k {kerk] dqVqac] ‘kkGk] lekt] HkkSxksfyd ifjfLFkrh] fe= ifjokj gs ;k tSfod o ckgÓk ?kVdkapk Qkj eksBk ifj.kke gksr vlrksCopyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
lqdU;k iq- HkkVs (Pg. 12828-12833)
12830
ihfMr efgyk o eqyh ;kaP;koj lektkrhy :<h] va/kJ/nk ijaijk] ;kapk eksBk ifj.kke gksrks- vktgh eqyhapk tUe Eg.kts ladV ekuys tkrs- efgykauk f’k{k.kkiklwu oafpr Bsoys tkrs- lqlaLd`r lektkr ok<.kkÚ;k eqyh o jkuVh lektkr ok<.kkÚ;k eqyhaP;k fodklkr egRokps Qjd vk<Gwu ;srkrdWVy ukokP;k ekul’kkL=Kkus ckjk ik;kHkwr fo’ks”k y{k.kkaph xVokjh dsyh vkgs- dWVy izek.ks ds’ej] ‘ksYMu] dWuu] ;qxa ] ceZu ;kauh O;fDrRokP;k fofo/k y{k.kkapk fo’ks”k vH;kl dsyk vkgsO;DrheRo fo’ks”k y{k.k 1½ cfgZeq[k] lqLoHkkoh] yofpd 2½ cqf/neku] drZO;n{k] fopkjh 3½ okLroknh] fLFkr] lfg”.kw 4½ xfoZ”B] opZLo xktfo.kkjk] dMd 5½ laons uk{ke] LusgHkkoh] var LQwfrZoknh 6½ fopkjh] Kkuh] lkSna ;Ziszeh 7½ Lora=] m|ksxh] O;ogkjh 8½ n;kGw] lgdkjh] eueksdGk 9½ rjrjhr] dkelw] lqlxa r 10½ ckfy’k] papy] vlfg”.kw 11½ mRlkgh] LusgHkkoh] fo’oklkgZ 12½ vkuanh] vk’kkoknh] lekt’khy
ihfMr
efgykae/;s
‘kkjhfjd]
fo:/n y{k.ks 1½ vareqZ[k fpM[kksj] rkBj 2½ fucZq/n] HkkasxG] fopkjfgu 3½ Lo;adsna zh] vfLFkj] vkrrk;h 4½ uez] gGok] ue.kkjk 5½ laons ujfgr] vJ/n] dBksj 6½ lk/kk] xkao<G] jkunkaMxk 7½ ijra=] vkG’kh] euksjFkh 8½ Øwj] vlgdkjh] dq<k 9½ foQyxzLr] vJ/n] vfo’oklkgZ 10½ lek;kstd] ‘kkar] f/kek 11½ foQyxzLr] vJ/n] vfo’oklkgZ 12½ nq%[kh] fujk’kkoknh] ,dydkaM s k
ekufld
o
Hkkofud
y{k.ks
R;kaP;k
O;DrheRokP;k ckcr fo’ks”k Hkwfedk ctkor vlrkr- loZ ?kVdkaps loZLi’khZ ,dla?k O;DrheRokpk vHkko vlY;kus efgykaP;k ihMukr fo’ks”kRokus ok< ?kMwu ;sr-s O;DrheRo lek;kstu vkf.k fo”ke lek;kstu%& ts- ch- oWVlu & ^fulxkZus fnysyh f’knksjh ?ksÅu thoukph gh okVpky lq: vlrkauk O;DrhP;k fofo/k ‘kDrhapk fodkl gksr vlrks- HkksorkyP;k ifjfLFkrh’kh O;Drhyk feGrs tqGrs ?;kos ykxys-*
Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
lqdU;k iq- HkkVs (Pg. 12828-12833)
12831
thoukph O;k[;k & ^Life is an adjustment* thou gh ,d rMtksM vkgs v’kh dsyh tkrsifjfLFkrh’kh O;Drhps lek;kstu >kys rj O;Drhps eu fujksxh jkgrsifjfLFkrh’kh lek;kstu lk/kys ukgh rj fod`rh fuekZ.k gksrs^Lo* P;k HkksorkyP;k ifjfLFkrh’kh dsysyh tqGok tqGo Eg.kts lek;kstu gks;O;Drhpk ^Lo*ps ekiu lgk izdkjkr dsys tkrs1½ ‘kkjhfjd Lo] 2½ lkekftd Lo] 3½ LoHkko xq.k Lo] 4½ ‘kS{kf.kd Lo] 5½ uSfrd Lo] 6½ ckSf/nd Lo bR;knh‘kkjhfjd dk;Z{kerk ok<o.ks] lektk’kh ,d:i gks.ks] jkxkoj Hkkoukoj fu;a=.k Bso.ks] rk.k r.kkokps O;oLFkkiu dj.ks] /;s; fuf’pr d:u leUo; lk/kus] Lor%ph ckSf/nd mUurh dj.ks v’kk izdkjs Lo ps O;oLFkkiu djrk ;srsO;DrhP;k xjtk] bPNk] Hkksorkyph ifjfLFkrh] dqor ;kapk ;ksX; izdkjs esG ?kky.ks xjtsps vlrs- ;’kLoh thoukps ^lek;kstu* gs ,d [kj jgL; vkgsO;Drhps ifjfLFkrh’kh lek;kstu pkj ik;Ú;kauh gksrs- 1½ gsrw] 2½ fofo/k ekFkZ] 3½ vMFkGk o R;krwu dk<ysys ekxZ] 4½ gsrwiwrhZ bR;knhihfMr efgykauh ifgY;k ik;jhoj vkiY;kyk ,[kknh xks”V lk/; dj.;kps fuf’pr dsysys vlrs- R;klkBh fofo/k ekxZ ‘kks/k.;kph nqljh ik;jh gks; i.k gs ekxZ gkrGr vlrkauk vusd vMp.kh] vMFkGs fuekZ.k gksrkr- R;keqGs gsrw lk/; dj.;klkBh fofo/k ekxZ ‘kks/kys tkrkr- gh lek;kstukph frljh ik;jh gks;‘ksoVh gsrw lk/; dj.ks gh lek;kstukph vafre ik;jh vlrs;klkBh iqUgk iqUgk iz;Ru djkos ykxrkr- ;’k laiknu dj.;klkBh vkVksdkV iz;Ru djkos ykxrkr- ihfMr efgykauk vusd vi;’kkapk lkeuk djkok ykxrksvkysY;k vi;’kkps leFkZu djhr jkg.ks ;kykp lek;kstu lk/k.ks vls Eg.krkrvkiY;k orZukrhy pqdk o nks”k u Lohdkjrk vkiY;k pqdhP;k orZukps leFkZu dj.;klkBh ;kstysY;k ;qDR;k o i/nrhauk laj{k.k ;a=.kk Eg.krkr- fo”ke Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
lqdU;k iq- HkkVs (Pg. 12828-12833)
12832
lek;kstukr O;Drh fpMrs] =kxk djrs] izlaxh [kksVs cksyrs] vkRefo’okl xekors] fo”ke lek;kstu >kys dh O;DrhP;k orZukoj U;wuxaMkpk izHkko fnlwu ;srksR;krwup vfu”V lo;h fuekZ.k gksrkr- mnk & gkrkaP;k cksVka’kh pkGs dj.ks] thHk ckgsj dk<.ks] [kkans mMo.ks v’kk O;Drhaps ekufld vkjksX; cjs ukgh vls letrk ;sr-s ihfMr efgykaP;k lanHkkZr fo”ke lek;kstu tkLr izek.kkr vk<Grs- ekufld larqyu fc?kMysys fnlrsfu”d”kZ%& 1- ihfMr efgykauk Lor%P;k xq.knks”kkapk ‘kks/k ?ksrk ;kok ;klkBh leqins’ku dj.ks2- thoukr rMtksM djkoh ykxrs] ;klkBh nqjkxzg lksM.;kph] izlxa h ek?kkj ?ks.;kph lo; ykx.ks- rMtksMheqGs fo”ke lek;kstu gksr ukgh3- ihfMr efgykauh Lor%P;k thoukrhy dkgh ewY;s tru dsyh ikfgtsrLor%ps rRoKku BjfoY;kus ifjfLFkrhoj ekr dj.ks ‘kD; gksrs4- ihfMr efgykaP;k {kerkapk tkLrhr tkLr fodkl d:u R;kauk lektkP;k eq[; izokgkr lekfo”V djkos5- ekufld vkjksX; vf/kfu;e 1987 uqlkj izR;sd jkT;kr jkT; ekufld vkjksX; la?kVuk ¼SMNA½ LFkkiu dj.ks vko’;d vkgs6- ihfMr efgykauk vf/kfu;e 1995 uqlkj f’k{k.k] jkstxkj] ck/kkeqDr okrkoj.k] lkekftd lqj{kk ‘kkldh; uksdÚ;k o ‘kS{kf.kd lqfo/kkr vkj{k.k ns.;kr vkys vkgs7- dsanz ‘kklukizek.ksp egkjk”Vª ‘kklu fo|kF;kZauk o fo|kFkhZuhauk f’k”;o`Rrh nsr vkgs-
Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
lqdU;k iq- HkkVs (Pg. 12828-12833)
12833
lanHkZ & cosZ] ch- ,u ¼2010½ thouekukps ekul’kkL=] fo|k izdk’ku] ukxiwj lqjs’k djanhdj ¼2010½ ‘kS{kf.kd ekul’kkL=] QMds izdk’ku] dksYgkiwj‘kka-] xa-] djdjs ¼MkW-½ ‘kS{kf.kd ekul’kkL=] Oghul izdk’ku] eQhZ] tkslsQ ¼MkW-½ ¼2018½ n ikWoj vkWQ ;qvj lcdkWfUl;l ekbaM] fj;k izdk’ku] dksYgkiwj ;kstuk ¼vkWxLV] 2018½ fodkl lefiZr ekfld ;kstuk ¼Qsczoq kjh] 2019½ fodkl lefiZr ekfld
Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies