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Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2018 = 6.371, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL, SEPT-OCT, 2018, VOL- 6/47 TO IDENTIFY IRRATIONAL BELIEFS, LOCUS OF CONTROL, QUALITY OF WORK LIFE AMONG NURSES WORKING IN GOVERNMENT AND CORPORATE HOSPITALS Bantu Jhansi Priyadarshini M. Sc (Psychology, Research Scholar, Department of Psychology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India, jhansibantu7@gmail.com Abstract In this study, a descriptive research approach was used to identify irrational beliefs, locus of control, quality of work life among nurses among nurses working in government and corporate hospitals. Multi-stage random sampling technique with a structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the samples. Results of the 197 samples revealed that 43.1% respondents were from government hospitals and 56.9% were from corporate hospitals. In multiple correlation coefficients the values are 0.417 and it measures the degree of relationship between actual values and predicted values of the irrational beliefs and locus of control. The values obtained as linear combination of irrational beliefs and locus of control. And the relationship between quality of work life and irrational beliefs is quiet strong and positive. Keywords: Irrational beliefs, Locus of control, Quality of work life, Nurse

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Introduction The general conception of humans having rational and irrational beliefs was originated by several ancient philosophers, although they didnâ€&#x;t exactly use that terminology. Gautama Buddha speak about the Four Noble Truths, which included rational beliefs, and destructive beliefs, and which include irrational ones. The ancient Greek philosophers, including Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, Epicurus, and Zeno of Citium, and several ancient Roman Philosophers including Cicero, Senera, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius also held that beliefs significantly affect emotional problems. In general terms, rational beliefs refer to beliefs that are logical and /or have empirical support, and /or are pragmatic. As one can notice, a belief does not have to fit all three criteria to be rational. However, it is necessary that a belief meet at least one criteria, or a combination of criteria, to be considered rational. Thus the terms rational and irrational have a psychological rather than a philosophical and/ or logical definition. The three rational emotive behaviour therapy are as follows:Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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1. Thinking and emoting is closely related. 2. Thinking and emoting are so closely related that they accompany each other and 3. Both thinking and emoting take the form of self-statements or self talk. An individual‟s locus of control is often inferred from momentary expressions of his sense of causality which, if solicited at different points of time, may be relatively consistent; however, it must be kept in mind that empirical events such as expressions of causal expectations are but referents of the locus of control construct and not the construct itself. Locus of control is not a characteristic to be discovered within individuals. It is a construct, a working tool in social learning that allows for an interpretation of remarks made by people in response to questions about causality. The remarks, expressions, and behaviours indicative of beliefs about the causality are the events that psychologist s observe and test for reliability, and measure such as Rotter‟s locus of control. The term „quality of work life‟ (QWL), which refers to the relationship between a worker and his/her working situation, is a relatively new concept and an acceptable definition is yet to emerge. It is believed that this term was coined by Louis Davis in the first international conference on quality of working life held at Arden House, New York, in September 1972(cf.Bharadwaj,1983). The concept quality of wok life refers to “the degree to which a person enjoys in the areas of being (who one is: physical being, psychological being, spiritual being), belonging (connections with ones environments: physical belonging, social belonging, community belonging) and becoming (achieving personal goals, hopes, and aspirants: practical becoming, leisure becoming, growth becoming) the important possibilities of his or her life” (Centre for health promotion, 2004). The nurse plays a vital role in health care sector. Nursing profession has been called the oldest of the art, but youngest of the profession. Nursing profession has a tremendous capacity to change people. The twenty first century has been called the age of anxiety and the century of stress. In spite of these challenges, a nurse should not only acquire skills and knowledge, but also she should have a pleasing and strong personality. If she wants to be successful, it requires and expect behavioural patterns, certain qualities of head and heart. Besides possessing qualities such as integrity, dignity, mental alertness, poise, selfconfidence and dependability, a nurse ought to have the following personal qualities: such as sympathetic understanding, friendly sprit, gracious manners, caring empathy, adaptability, positive thinking, ability to communicate clearly, patience, ability to think critically an eye for details and physical endurance. Various studies on the personality bring out the Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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importance of good health, fresh and neat appearance, a strong purpose and will power, a high standard of values, healthy work habits, sense of humour, teaching as well as managerial techniques and the ability to control one‟s emotions and have healthy and friendly interpersonal relationships. Objectives In this study it was sought to 1. To identify irrational beliefs among the nurses working in government and corporate hospitals. 2. To identify locus of control among the nurses working in government and corporate hospitals. 3. To determine quality of work life among the nurses working in government and corporate hospitals. Hypothesis 1.

There will be no difference in irrational beliefs among nurses working in government and corporate hospitals.

2. There is no significant difference in locus of control among nurses working in government and corporate hospitals. 3. There will be no relationship between quality of work life among nurses working in government and corporate hospitals. Review of Literature A study on Role of Irrational Beliefs and Anger Rumination on Nurses‟ Anger Expression Styles by Eun-Mi Ham PhD, RN, Mi-Jin You, RN, in November 9, 2017. The aim of this study was to identify whether certain cognitive factors, such as Irrational beliefs and anger rumination, affect nurse‟ anger expression styles. A total of 335 nurses employed at four tertiary hospitals in Korea completed surveys between July 29 and September 25, 2015. The surveys included shortened General Attitude and Belief Scale, the Korean Version of the Anger Rumination Scale, and the state trait Anger Expression Inventory- Korean version. Results revealed that higher levels of Irrational beliefs and anger rumination were associated with more anger –in and Anger- out, and less anger – control expression. Findings indicate that the presence of Specific cognitive characteristics could lead to maladaptive anger expressions. Active Consideration of these cognitive risk factors is essential when developing anger- Management programs for nurses. Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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Gerend (2004).In the health field, older woman with an internal locus of control view particular health threats as more controllable or preventable. The resulting behaviour was a lower perception of general susceptibility to disease. In the same study woman with an external locus of control believed themselves to a higher susceptibility to particular diseases because they viewed health risks as less preventable and controllable (Gerend, et al.).With depressed patients (Alloy &Abramson, 1979) there was less likelihood to assume an illusion of control in the absence of a contingency between behaviour and a desired outcome than the non depressed patients. A study on Quality of working Life of Nurses and its Related Factors by Tayebeh Moradi, Farzaneh Maghaminejad & Ismail Azizi- Fini (2014) states that the majority of nurses had a moderate level quality of work life. And also significant relationship between nurses QWL and their educational level, significant relationship between QWL and work experiencesgreater work experience feel less occupational stress and more stability in their job. Materials and Methods A descriptive multiple regression analysis was used to identify irrational beliefs, locus of control, quality of work life among nurses working in government and corporate hospitals. The study population comprised of staff nurses who are working at a selected government and corporate hospitals in Hyderabad and secendrabad districts. The sample size for this study was 197 (n=85) government hospitals and (n=112) corporate hospitals who fulfilled the entry criteria. Random sampling technique was used to select the study samples. Ethical considerations Study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Subject information sheet was provided and informed consent was obtained from the study participants. Data collection Procedure Data was collected using questionnaire. Participants were asked to record one option. Self reported responses were collected from the participants using questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using the descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS 20.0 version. Results The frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variable of 197 staff nurses revealed 43.1% (n=85) are working from government hospitals and 56.9% (n=112) corporate hospital respectively were aged 50.8% of the nurses are below 30 years, 42.1% are graduates,49.7% are below 5 years of experience. Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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Management

Mean

Std. Deviation df

Govt Corporate Total Govt Loc Corporate Total Govt QLT Corporate Total

85 112 197 85 112 197 85 112 197

49.96 49.79 49.87 82.30 77.72 79.7000 154.5800 162.6000 159.1400

5.417 6.991 6.345 9.067 9.146 9.36922 20.783 22.424 22.040

IRT

Sig.

0.35

0.85

11281

4,192 12.22 0.00*

6.58

0.01*

Table for t test showing significant difference between government and corporate hospitals with respect to irrational beliefs, locus of control and quality of work life.

Govt and Pvt comparison 180.00

162.60

154.58

160.00 140.00

Axis Title

120.00 100.00

82.31

77.72

80.00 60.00

49.96

Mean

49.79

Std. Deviation

40.00 20.00

22.42

20.78 6.99

5.42

9.15

9.07

0.00 Govt

Corporate IRT

Govt

Corporate Loc

Govt

Corporate QLT

Axis Title

From the above table it reveals that p value is less than 0.01, for nurses in locus of control (0.00), and quality of work life is (0.01). Since p value is less than 0.01, it is concluded that there is significant difference between government and corporate hospitals with regard to locus of control and quality of work life. Based on mean scores, government employees are Copyright ÂŠ 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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higher perceptions in irrational beliefs and locus of control. Where as corporate hospital employees are high at quality of work life, than government hospitals. IRT Pearson Correlation 1 IRT Sig. (2-tailed) N 197 Pearson Correlation .182* Loc Sig. (2-tailed) .011 N 197 Pearson Correlation -.085 QLT Sig. (2-tailed) .237 N 197 *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Loc .182* .011 197 1 197 -.011 .877 197

QLT -.085 .237 197 -.011 .877 197 1 197

Table showing correlation between IRT, LOC and QLT From the above table it observed that the relation between IRT and LOC is r=0.182 and p= 0.011< 0.05, which means that it is significant and 18.2% positive and significant correlation between IRT and LOC. Similarly the relation between IRT and QLT is r=-0.085 and p= 0.237>0.05, it means it not significant and 8.5% Negative correlation between IRT and QLT. Whereas the correlation between LOC and QLT is r=-0.011 and p= 0.877> 0.05, it means it is not significant and 1.1% Negative correlation between LOC and QLT. Discussion The findings revealed that the nurses relation between irrational beliefs, locus of control and quality of work life among the nurses working in government and corporate hospitals. This study implied that there will be significant relationship between irrational beliefs and locus of control but not the quality of work life among nurses working in government and corporate hospitals. A finding of the study reveals that there is no significant relation between locus of control and quality of work life. However locus of control is seen high in government hospitals, and quality of work life is seen much in corporate hospitals. Correlation at 0.05% is seen between irrational belief and locus of control are positive and less significant at p value < 0.05. It implies that employees who are good at irrational beliefs are good at locus of control. Based on the above observation, it is clear that there is a positive association among irrational beliefs, locus of control and vice versa with quality of work life, which was also proved statistically.

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Conclusion Nurses play an important role in rendering services to health care system from grass root level to higher hierarchy. The study was taken up with an objective of finding the psychological relationship among irrational beliefs, locus of control and quality of work life among the nurses who are working in government and corporate hospitals. The findings indicate that there is strong relationship between irrational beliefs, locus of control and quality of work life. Further, specific relationships were discovered between independent variables i.e, age, educational qualification and length of service. Positive relationships were found between irrational beliefs and locus of control. Though there is no significant association between quality of work life. Hence hospitals should give maximum care to establish a congenial work environment which is marked by harmonious interpersonal relationships where nurses can grow and develop, making every hospital in Hyderabad a better place for working , learning and living. Acknowledgement I would like to thank the Medical and Nursing Superintendents and respective Ethics committees of the selected hospitals for providing us necessary permissions and approvals. Biblography Farley, F. (2009) Albert Ellis. American Psychologist, 64 (3), 215-216. Park M, Lee J,Cho S.Newly Graduated Nurses „Job satisfaction comparision with Allied hospital professional, Social Workers, & Elementary School Jeadess. Asian Nursing Research. 2012 September 6(3); 85-90. World Health Organisation. Health Statistics & health information systems.http:/www.who.int|health info/statistics/indhealthworkers/en/.Accessed on 16.8.2013. WHO, World health statistics 2012:Global health Indications. http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world health statistics/2012/en/.Accessed on 1.8.2013. Aiken. LH, Sloane DM, Bruyneel L, Vanden Heede K, Sermeus W; RN4CAST Consortium. Nurse‟s reports of working conditions & hospital quality of care in 12 countries in Europe. Int JNURS Stud. 2013 Feb; 50(2); 143-153. Shalini Sheel, Sunil Pathak. Quality of work life, employee performance & career growth opportunities:A literature review. International Journal of multidisciplinary research 2012;2(2); 291-300‟ Clarke P,Brooks B. Quality of nursing work life: conceptual clarity for the future. Nursing science 2010, 23(4) 301-305. Wright, T.A.& Cropanzano, R. (2004), “Psychological well-being & job satisfaction predictors of job performance”, Journal of occupational Health Psychology, vol.5(1), pp. 84-94. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development (JNSD): September 2001-volume 17- issue 5- pg no.264-271. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development: January/February 2012-volume 28- issue 1-pg 2-8 doi: 10.1097/NND.0b013e318240a65a. Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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https://doi.org/10.1177/2165079917737090. volume:66 issue: 5, page(s): 223-232 November 9, 2011. http://www.scirp.org/journal/health,http:/dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2015.710139. Daniel David, Steven Jay Lynn, Albert Ellis-2009. ”Rational and irrational beliefs: Research, Theory, and Clinical.2010,pg. 299-310. Bhing-Leet Tan, “Irrational Beliefs and Job Stress among Occupational Therapists in Singapore”. British journal of occupational therapy. July1, 2004, Volume: 67 issue: 7, pg(s) 303-309. https:/doi.org/10.1177/030802260406700704./2004 Johnsey Thomas,.” Longitudinal Study of the Quality of Life in patients with epilepsy in a Rural community”.-2015 pg.no.19. P.Swamy., “Improving Role efficacy and interpersonal styles of nurses in corporate hospitals through intervention”-2013., pg. No.37.