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SUCHANA SAMPRESHAN TAKNIKI KA NAI SHIKSHA NITI 2020 KE SANDARBH ME ADHYAYAN

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Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2021: 7.278, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, DEC-JAN, 2022, VOL-10/49

lwpuk lEçs"k.k rduhdh dk ubZ f'k{kk uhfr „å„å ds lUnHkZ esa v/;;u f’koe~ JhokLro1] Ph. D. & vuhrk oekZ2 1,lsfl,V

izksQslj] f’k{kk'kkL=] foHkkx] fdlku ih0 th0 dkWyst] cgjkbp ¼m0 iz0½ 2'kks/kNk=k] fdlku ih0 th0] dkWyst] cgjkbp ¼m0 iz0½ Paper Received On: 25 JAN 2022 Peer Reviewed On: 31 JAN 2022 Published On: 1 FEB 2022

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

çLrkouk Hkkjr ljdkj ds ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ea=ky; }kjk vxLr ekg esa tkjh dh xbZ jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 eq[;r% pkj Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gS] ftlds varxZr 27 v/;k; gSaA çFke Hkkx Ldwy f'k{kk] nwljk Hkkx mPprj f'k{kk] rhljk Hkkx dsæa h; fopkj.kh; eqís tks O;olkf;d f'k{kk] çkS<+ f'k{kk] çkS|ksfxdh ,oa Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa] dyk vkSj laL—fr ls lacaf/kr uhfr;ksa ds laca/k esa gSA Hkkx pkj bl laiw.kZ jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr dk fØ;kUo;u dSls fd;k tk, bldh j.kuhfr ij vk/kkfjr gSA blls iwoZ Hkh f'k{kk uhfr;ka Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk le;&le; ij tkjh dh xbZ gS ,oa muesa ;Fkksfpr la'kks/ku Hkh fd, x, gSaA o"kZ 1986 dh jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr tSls 1992 esa la'kksf/kr fd;k x;k Fkk ml uhfr ds dqN dk;ksZa dks iwjk djus dk ç;kl orZeku f'k{kk uhfr }kjk fd;k x;kA ;g f'k{kk uhfr fuf'pr :i ls gj cPps dks mldh {kerk ds vuq:i vkxs c<+us vkSj mlds laiw.kZ lkekftd ,oa vdknfed fodkl gsrq i;kZIr çko/kku ls ifjiw.kZ gSA ;fn vkt ge ns[ksa rks tks orZeku esa f'k{kk uhfr py jgh Fkh blesa cPpksa dks la[;k Kku ,oa v{kj Kku tSlh ewyHkwr tkudkfj;ka miyC/k ugha gks ik jgh Fkh] ijarq f'k{kk uhfr ds }kjk cqfu;knh :i ls NksVs cPpksa dks v{kj Kku ,oa la[;k Kku çnku djuk bl uhfr dh çkFkfedrk gS ,oa tks NksVs ckyd gSa muds lokaZxh.k fodkl ds fy, vko';d gSA lkFk gh bl uhfr dh ,d [kkl miyfC/k bldk yphykiu gksuk Hkh gSA ;gka yphykiu ls vFkZ Nk=ksa dh :fp;ksa ds vuqlkj] mudh viuh çfrHkkvksa ds vuqlkj] mudh viuh {kerkvksa ds vuqlkj [kqyh NwV gS fd og fdl rjg dh f'k{kk xzg.k djsa ,oa viuk Hkfo"; viuh bPNk vuqlkj rS;kj djus ds fy, D;k f'k{kk gkfly djsAa fo'ks"k #i ls bl jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr dh eq[; ckr tks ,d 'kS{kf.kd vyxkookn dks lekIr djus gsrq ykbZ xbZ gS og cgqr gh ljkguh; ç;kl gS A 'kSf{kd vyxko tks fofHkUu 'kSf{kd /kkjkvksa tSls foKku] O;olkf;d] dkuwu] Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language

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(Pg. 12193-12198)

rduhd ,oa dyk f'k{kk ds chp esa vkt ns[kus dks feyrk gS mldks lekIr djus ,oa çR;sd Nk= dks ;g vf/kdkj nsus fd og dyk ds lkFk foKku] foKku ds lkFk rduhdh] rduhdh ds lkFk O;olk; ;k O;olk; ds lkFk fof/k f'k{kk ls lacaf/kr fo"k;ksa dk Hkh v/;;u dj ldsa ftlls og viuh {kerkvksa dk fodkl dj lds ,oa viuh {kerk ds vuqlkj vkxs c<+ lds ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkkx gSA jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 dk ,d eq[; igyw tks fiNys f'k{kk uhfr;ksa esa ugha ik;k tk jgk Fkk og gS ekuo ewY;ksa tSls lgkuqHkwfr] lEeku] LoPNrk] f'k"Vkpkj] yksdrkaf=d Hkkouk] lsok dh Hkkouk] lkoZtfud laifÙk ds fy, lEeku oSKkfud fparu] Lora=rk ftEesnkjh cgqyrkokn] lekurk vkSj U;k; tSls ekuo ,oa laoS/kkfud ewY; dks lekfgr djrk gS tks çR;sd ukxfjd dk ewy drZO; lafo/kku ds vuqlkj gSA jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 ubZ jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ekStwnk jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr ds LFkku ij 29 tqykbZ] 2020 dks vfLrRo esa vkbZA f'k{kk uhfr esa ;g cnyko dqy 34 o"kksaZ ds varjky ds ckn fd;k x;k gSA ysfdu cnyko t:jh Fkk vkSj le; dh t:jr ds vuqlkj ;g igys gh gks tkuk pkfg, FkkA ubZ f'k{kk uhfr 2020 dh vko';drk igys dh f'k{kk ç.kkyh ewy :i ls lh[kus vkSj ifj.kke nsus ij dsfa ær FkhA fo|kfFkZ;ks a dk vkdyu çkIr vadksa ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk FkkA ;g fodkl ds fy, ,d ,dy fn'kk okyk – f"Vdks.k FkkA ysfdu ubZ f'k{kk uhfr ,d cgq&fo"k;d –f"Vdks.k dh çklafxdrk ij dsfa ær gSA ftldk mís'; fo|kFkhZ dk lokaZxh.k fodkl djuk gSA ubZ f'k{kk uhfr ,d u, ikBîØe vkSj f'k{kk dh lajpuk ds xBu dh dYiuk djrh gS tks Nk=ksa dks lh[kus ds fofHkUu pj.kksa esa enn djsxhA f'k{kk dks 'kgjh ls ysdj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa lHkh rd igqapkus ds fy, ekStwnk f'k{kk ç.kkyh esa cnyko fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;g y{; pkjksa xq.koÙkk f'k{kk dks iwjk djds fLFkjrk dks iwjk djus dh vksj gksxkA mís'; ubZ f'k{kk fufr dk eq[; mís'; ,d cPps dks ,d dq'ky cukus ds lkFk&lkFk] ftl Hkh {ks= esa og #fp j[krk gSa] mlh {ks= esa mUgsa çf'kf{kr djuk gSA bl rjg] lh[kus okys vius mís' ;] vkSj viuh {kerkvksa dk irk yxkus esa l{ke gksrs gSaA f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa dks ,dh—r f'k{k.k çnku fd;k tkuk gS ;kuh mUgsa çR;sd vuq'kklu dk Kku gksuk pkfg,A mPp f'k{kk esa Hkh ;gh ckr ykxw gksrh gSA ubZ f'k{kk uhfr esa f'k{kd dh f'k{kk vkSj çf'k{k.k çfØ;kvksa ds lq/kkj ij Hkh tksj fn;k x;k gSA orZeku f'k{kk ç.kkyh o"kZ 1986 dh ekStwnk f'k{kk uhfr esa fd, x, ifjorZuksa dk ifj.kke gSA bls f'k{kkFkhZ vkSj ns'k ds fodkl dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ykxw fd;k x;k gSA ubZ f'k{kk uhfr cPpksa ds Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language

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(Pg. 12193-12198)

lexz fodkl ij dsfa ær gSA bl uhfr ds rgr o"kZ 2030 rd vius mís'; dks çkIr djus dk y{; gSA lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh orZeku 'krkCnh dks lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh ds {ks= esa Økafr ds ;qx ds uke tkuk tkrk gSA lwpuk ,oa lapkj dh rduhfd;ksa us ekuo thou dks u dsoy ljy o lqxe cuk;k vfirq de Je esa vf/kdre çfrQy rFkk Je 'kfä ds leqfpr vf/kdre mi;ksx dk ekxZ ç'kLr fd;k gSA f'k{kk dk {ks= Hkh lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh ds çHkko ls vNwrk ugha gSA f'k{kk çfØ;k ds çR;sd Lrj o i{k esa bu rduhfd;ksa dk mi;ksx çHkko'kkyh rjhds ls fd;k tk jgk gSA f'k{k.k&vf/kxe çfØ;k] nwjLFk f'k{kk] eqä f'k{kk] çf'k{k.k] dk;ZØe fuekZ.k ;kstuk] ç'u i= fuekZ.k] çek.k i= fuekZ.k] ijh{kk ifj.kke o ewY;kadu çfØ;k vkfn esa bl lk/kuksa dk ç;ksx cgqrk;r esa fd;k tk jgk gSA lwpuk Økafr ds bl ;qx us ekuo thou ds çR;sd igyw dks çHkkfor fd;k gSA bl lwpuk Økafr us Hkfo"; esa vusd pqukSfr;ksa] voljksa ,oa çfrLi/kkZvksa dk l`tu fd;k gS] ftuds lkFk lkeatL; LFkkfir djus ds fy, lwpuk vkSj lapkj rduhdh ;k izkS|ksfxdh dk v/;;u djuk vfuok;Z gks x;k gSA lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dks daI;wVj ds fuR; u, fodkl us vkSj vf/kd çHkkoh cuk fn;k gS rFkk bls foLr`r vk;ke çnku fd;k gSA lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh dk vFkZ lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh ls rkRi;Z ml lwpuk lEçs"k.k rduhdh ls gS ftlds ek/;e ls lEçs"k.k dk;Z vR;f/kd çHkkoh <ax ls leiUu fd;k tkrk gSA bldk lac/a k oSKkfud rduhdh ds ,sls lalk/kuks o lk/kuksa ls gksrk gS ftlds ek/;e ls Rofjr xfr ls lwpukvksa dk çHkkoh vknku&çnku gksrk gSA bls lkekU; vFkZ esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd fdlh rF; ;k lwpuk dks tkuuk ,oa mls rqjar mlh :i esa vkxs igq¡pkuk ftl :i esa og gS] lwpuk lapkj izkS|ksfxdh dgykrk gSA* u;h f'k{kk uhfr esa lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 dk eq[; çko/kku çkS|ksfxdh dk mi;ksx ,oa ,dhdj.k gSA vkt ge ns[k jgs gSa fd fMftVy bafM;k dk vfHk;ku iwjs ns'k esa dk;Z dj jgk gS A dksfoM&19 ds le; esa tgka laiw.kZ lekt opqZvy ,oa fMftVy i)fr esa dwn iM+k gS] ,slh fLFkfr esa vkt dh t:jrksa dks ns[krs gq, vkfVZfQf'k;y baVsfytsl a ] e'khu yfuaZx] Cy‚dpsu] LekVZ cksMZ daI;wVj ,oa vU; çdkj ds l‚¶Vos;j }kjk ukflQZ Nk=ksa esa lh[kus dh çfrHkk dk fodkl oju~ lekt ifjorZu Hkh gksxkA ubZ f'k{kk uhfr eSa v‚uykbu vkSj fMftVy f'k{kk dk mi;ksx lqfuf'pr djus gsrq vko';d igy dh xbZ gSA orZeku esa O;kIr oSf'od egkekjh dh fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, oSdfYid lk/kuksa ds bLrseky ls f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk dks cuk, j[kuk v‚uykbu f'k{kk dk vf/kd ls vf/kd ykHk mBkuk bR;kfn fo"k;ksa ij Hkh Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language

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(Pg. 12193-12198)

v/;;u djus dh vko';drk ij tksj fn;k x;k gSA f'k{kd ,oa f'k{kkFkhZ nksuksa gS v‚uykbu f'k{kk dk Hkjiwj ykHk mBk ldsa ftls mi;qä çf'k{k.k ds fodkl gsrq gS vko';d dne mBkus dh vko';drk gSA bl lanHkZ esa f'k{kk uhfr dh flQkfj'ksa ftlesa v‚uykbu f'k{kk ds fy, ik;yV v/;;u fMftVy baÝkLVªDpj v‚uykbu f'k{k.k eap vkSj midj.k v‚uykbu f'k{kk lkexzh dk fuekZ.k ,oa vU; fofHkUurk ,oa fofo/krk dks vlekurk dks de djus gsrq tulapkj ek/;eksa dk vf/kd ls vf/kd mi;ksx opqZvy ySc fMftVy fjiksftVjh v‚uykbu ijh{kk ,oa ewY;kadu] bR;kfn cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA fMftVy ek/;e ls f'k{kk] ekr`Hkk"kk esa f'k{kk] ,dy laLFkkuksa esa cgq f'k{kk bR;kfn dqN ,sls çLrko orZeku f'k{kk uhfr esa gSa ftlds fy, foÙk dh vko';drk gSA vr% orZeku ijh{kk uhfr esa f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk dks mPp cuk, j[kus gsrq csgrj fuos'k ij tksj Mkyk x;k gSA orZeku esa f'k{kk ij lkoZtfud [kpZ thMhih dk ek= 4-43% ds vklikl gS ftldks thMhih 6% rd djus dk lq>ko bl f'k{kk uhfr esa fd;k x;k gSA f'k{kk ds {ks= esa çkjafHkd ckY;koLFkk ls ysdj fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa 'kks/k ,oa çkS|ksfxdh ds vfrfjä v‚uykbu f'k{kk dk Lrj ,oa xq.koÙkk gsrq i;kZIr lqfo/kk,a ,oa lalk/ku esa ,deq'r /kujkf'k çnku djus ds fy, ç;kl lqfuf'pr djkuk vPNk lq>ko gSA bl f'k{kk uhfr dk ,d fl)kar *ljy fdarq dBksj* Hkkjr tSls jkT; ds fy, cgqr gh vko';d ,oa mi;qä ç;kl gSA bl fl)kar ds varxZr çfØ;k] dk;Zi)fr] miyC/k ikBîØe ,oa dk;ZØe esa ikjnf'kZrk ds lkFk LoçdVhdj.k] vk/kqfud f'k{kk esa i;kZIr fuos'k ljdkjh rFkk futh lHkh laLFkkuksa esa vPNs ç'kklu vkSj ra= ij fu;eu bl fl)kar dks f'k{kk ds {ks= esa vkxs ys tkus gsrq ,d 'kqHk ç;kl gSA bl uhfr ds fØ;kUo;u gsrq çko/kku ftlesa o"kZ 2030& 40 ds n'kd rd laiw.kZ uhfr dk fØ;kUo;u gksuk lqfuf'pr fd;k x;k gS] çR;sd o"kZ bl uhfr dh leh{kk fd, tkus dk çko/kku ;fn pj.kc) rjhds ls fd;k tk, rks ,slk çrhr gksrk gS dh orZeku f'k{kk uhfr] tks mPp ewY;ksa] lHkh ds fodkl gsrq çko/kku] *ljy fdarq dBksj* *yksdy vkSj Xykscy* tSls lerkewyd vkSj lekos'kh f'k{kk tks lHkh ds fy, vfuok;Z gks] mldks çkIr djus gsrq ,oa ,d ;qfä;qä lekt ds fuekZ.k gsrq vR;ar çHkkoh gksaxsA lekt esa lekurk ,oa fodkl bl f'k{kk uhfr ds }kjk vo'; gh çkIr gksxkA milagkj dksfoM&19 dh otg ls tkjh y‚dMkmu ds pyrs Ldwy d‚yst lesr ns'k ds reke f'k{k.k laLFkku fiNys dbZ eghus ls can gSaA ,sls esa ns'k Hkj esa bu fnuksa v‚uykbu f'k{kk csgn yksdfç; gks jgh gSA gkykafd vc Hkh dbZ Nk=ksa rd fMftVy ek/;eksa dh igqap ugha gSA blds eísutj ubZ f'k{kk Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language

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(Pg. 12193-12198)

uhfr esa lkQ rkSj ij dgk x;k gS fd fMftVy [kkbZ dks ikVs fcuk v‚uykbu f'k{kk dk ykHk mBk ikuk laHko ugha gSA ,sls esa ;s t:jh gS fd v‚uykbu vkSj fMftVy f'k{kk ds fy, rduhd dk mi;ksx djrs le; lekurk ds ljksdkjksa dks utjvankt uk fd;k tk,A f'k{kk uhfr esa rduhd ds lekos'kh mi;ksx ;kfu lcdks lkFk ysdj pyus dh ckr dgh xbZ gS rkfd dksbZ Hkh blls oafpr uk jgsA lkFk gh blesa f'k{kdksa ds çf'k{k.k dh ckr Hkh dgh xbZ gS D;ksafd ;s t:jh ugha fd tks f'k{kd ikjaifjd Dykl:e f'k{k.k esa vPNk gS oks v‚uykbu Dykl esa Hkh mruk gh csgrj dj ldsA Ldwy ls ysdj mPprj f'k{kk rd lHkh Lrjksa ij f'k{k.k ds fy, çkS|ksfxdh ds egRo dks ns[krs gq, f'k{kk uhfr esa dbZ flQkfj'ksa dh xbZ gSaA Lo;a nh{kk tSls bZ&yfuaZx IysVQ‚eZ dk foLrkj fd;k tk,xk rkfd f'k{kd fofHkUu ;wtj ÝsaMyh midj.kksa dh enn ls Nk=ksa dh çxfr dh fuxjkuh dj ldsaA orZeku esa dksfoM egkekjh us lkQ dj fn;k gS fd v‚uykbu d{kkvksa ds fy, ds fy, Vw&os ohfM;ks vkSj Vw&os v‚fM;ks okys baVjQsl dh l[r t:jr gSA dkslZ odZ] yfuaZx xsEl] v‚xesVa sM fj;fyVh vkSj opqZvy fj;fyVh tSlh lkefxz;ksa dh fMftVy fjiksftVjh fodflr dh tk,xh] ftudh xq.koÙkk ds vk/kkj ij ;wtj bu lkefxz;ksa dh jsfVax Hkh dj ik,axsA Nk=ksa ds euksjatu vk/kkfjr yfuaZx ds fy, ,si fodflr fd, tk,axsA vc Hkh tula[;k ds ,d cM+s fgLls rd fMftVy igqap ugha gS] ,sls esa ekStwnk tulapkj ek/;e tSls Vsyhfotu] jsfM;ks vkSj lkeqnkf;d jsfM;ks dk mi;ksx f'k{k.k lkexzh ds çlkj.k ds fy, cM+s iSekus ij fd;k tk,xkA bl rjg ds 'kSf{kd dk;ZØeksa dks fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa esa pkSchlksa ?kaVs miyC/k djk;k tk,xkA lHkh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa lkexzh ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tk,xk vkSj f'k{kdksa vkSj Nk=ksa rd fMftVy lkexzh mudh gh Hkk"kk esa miyC/k djkbZ tk,xhA nh{kk] Lo;e vkSj Lo;açHkk tSls bZ&yfuaZx IysVQ‚eZ dk mi;ksx opqZvy ySc cukus ds fy, fd;k tk,xk rkfd lHkh Nk=ksa dks xq.koÙkkiw.kZ O;kogkfjd vkSj ç;ksx vk/kkfjr f'k{kk ds leku volj fey ldsAa f'k{kdksa dks Nk= dsfa ær v/;kiu esa çf'k{k.k fn;k tk,xk vkSj ;s Hkh crk;k tk,xk fd fofHkUu v‚uykbu f'k{k.k IysVQ‚eksaZ vkSj midj.kksa dk mi;ksx dj oks [kqn mPp xq.koÙkk okyh v‚uykbu lkexzh fodflr djsAa tSls tSls v‚uykbu vkSj fMftVy f'k{kk ij 'kks/k lkeus vk jgs gSa vkSj vU; fudk; v‚uykbu f'k{k.k ds fy, daVsVa vkSj VsDuksy‚th ls tqMs ekud r; djsx a As bUgha ekudksa ds vk/kkj ij fofHkUu cksMZ] Ldwy vkSj mPp f'k{k.k laLFkku bZ&yfuaZx ls tqM+s fn'kkfunsZ'k rS;kj djsx a As Copyright © 2022, Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language

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lUnHkZ lwph NEP 2020: A comparison with the 1986 education policy. Educationtimes.com. (2021). Retrieved 10 December 2021, from https://www.educationtimes.com/article/editorspick/77527635/NEP-2020-A-comparison-with-the-1986-education-policy.

ubZ f'k{kk uhfr i<+kbZ] ijh{kk] fjiksVZ dkMZ lc esa gksxa s ;s cM+s cnyko- vkt rd- vfHkxeu frfFk 30 tqykbZ 2020lDlsuk] ,u- vkj- Lo:i] vkscsj‚;] ,l- lh- ¼2007½] *f'k{kk rduhdh ds rRo ,oa çcU/ku*] esjB] vkj yky cqd fMiksA vxzoky] ts- lh-] ¼2010½] *Ldwy çcU/k] lwpuk rFkk lEçs"k.k rduhdh*] vkxjk] vxzoky ifCyds'kuA prqosZnh] 'kksHkk] ¼2006½] *'kSf{kd rduhdh dk lkjRo ,oa çcU/kß] dkuiqj] fodkl çdk'kuA fdU~MjLys Mkfyax] ¼2013½] *'kSf{kd rduhdh ,oa çcU/k ç.kkyh ds ewy rRo*] ubZ fnYyh] fdUMjLys Mkfyax ¼bafM;k½ çk-fy-] ¼n-,f'k;k esa fi;lZu ,tqds'ku ds ykblsl a h½A ikBd] vkj- ih-] ¼2011½] *'kSf{kd rduhdhß] ubZ fnYyh] Mkfyax fdUMjLys ¼bafM;k½ çk-fy- ¼n-,f'k;k esa fi;lZu ,tqds'ku ykblsalh½ A tkSnku] jke xksiky flag] ¼2009½] *dEI;wVj ds fofo/k vk;ke*] xkft;kckn] vkdka{kk ifCy'klZ ,.M fMLVªhC;wVlZA pkS/kjh] iadt] ¼2008½] *Hkkjr ds lwpuk rduhdh dk fodklß] ubZ fnYyh] lapkj lkfgR; çdk'kuA

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SUCHANA SAMPRESHAN TAKNIKI KA NAI SHIKSHA NITI 2020 KE SANDARBH ME ADHYAYAN by Scholarly Research Journal"s - Issuu