Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2021 = 7.380, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, NOV-DEC, 2021, VOL- 9/68
dksfoM 19 esa lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh dk 'kSf{kd ;ksxnku dk v/;;u f’koe JhokLro] Ph. D. & vuhrk oekZ
,lksfl,V izksQslj] f’k{kk 'kkL= foHkkx] fdlku ih0th0 dkWyst] cgjkbp ¼m0iz0½ 'kks/k Nk=k] fdlku ih0th0 dkWyst] cgjkbp ¼m0iz0½ Paper Received On: 21 DEC 2021 Peer Reviewed On: 31 DEC 2021 Published On: 1 JAN 2022
Abstract
iwjh nqfu;k egkekjh dh fLFkfr dk lkeuk dj jgh gSA bl fLFkfr ls ckgj fudyus ds fy, ge lHkh la?k"kZ dj jgs gSaA dksfoM 19 ds dkj.k lHkh {ks= çHkkfor gSa vkSj f'k{kk {ks= Hkh çHkkfor gSA ysfdu vkbZlhVh f'k{kdks a vkSj Nk=ksa ds fy, cgqr ennxkj gSA bu midj.kksa ds dkj.k lh[kus&fl[kkus dh çfØ;k vklku gks tkrh gSA f'k{kk es]a vkbZlhVh f'k{k.k vkSj lh[kus dh lqfo/kk esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA vkbZlhVh us d{kk lapkj fof/k;ksa vkSj la'kksf/kr funsZ'k j.kuhfr;ksa dks cny fn;k gSA blds vykok] vkbZlhVh us ikjaifjd f'k{kd ckr djus vkSj Nk=ksa dks lquus ds – f"Vdks.k ds ctk; f'k{k.k vkSj lh[kus dks baVjSfDVo vkSj lg;ksxh cuk fn;k gSA vkbZlhVh ds fodkl dks ekStwn rjhdksa dh rqyuk esa ,d fuf'pr Hkk"kk dks i<+kus vkSj lh[kus ds csgrj rjhds ds :i esa ns[kk tkrk gSA f'k{kk ds {ks= esa] midj.k vk/kkfjr f'k{k.k baVjusV dk mi;ksx djds uohu f'k{k.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl fMftVy ;qx esa] d{kk esa vkbZlhVh dk mi;ksx Nk=ksa dks vko';d 21 oha lnh ds dkS'ky dks lh[kus vkSj ykxw djus ds volj nsus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSA fMftVy nqfu;k esa] tgka lc dqN baVjusV vkSj u, rduhdh vkfo"dkjksa ds fu;a=.k esa gS] fons'kh Hkk"kk f'k{k.k esa muds ;ksxnku dks de djuk eqf'dy gSA vkbZlhVh nwjh dks rksM+us vkSj lh[kus dks *thfor* djus ds fy, ,d *iqy* ds :i esa çdV gksrk gSA nwjh ds ekeys esa] f'k{kd ohfM;ks d‚UÝsl a ds ek/;e ls vkbZlhVh dk mi;ksx dj ldrs gSa rkfd os Nk=ksa dks i<+kus ;k lh[kus dh çfØ;k dh fuxjkuh dj ldsAa R4Z
Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
çLrkouk vkt dk ;qx lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh dk ;qx gSA oSKkfud [kkstksa rFkk vfo"dkj us thou ds lHkh i{kksa dks çHkkfor fd;k gSA lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh ls f'k{kk dk {ks= Hkh çHkkfor gqvk gSA f'k{kk {ks= esa jsfM;ks] Vsyhfotu] xzkeksQksu] fyaXokQksu] Vsi&fjd‚MZj] Mh- ch-Mh- Iysvj] pyfp= ç{ksid] f'k{k.k e'khu] eksckby] LekVZ Qksu] fMftVy Mk;jh] istj] VSc] lax.kd] baVjusV] 'kSf{kd mixzg vkfn midj.kksa dk f'k{kk ds {ks= esa mi;ksx c<+k gSA f'k{kk O;oLFkk dks vf/kd lqpk#] lqyHk] vkd"kZd] euksjatd rFkk çHkko'kkyh cukus esa bu midj.kksa dh fo'ks"k Hkwfedk gSA Kku dk fuekZ.k]
Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
MkW0 f’koe JhokLro & vuhrk oekZ
(Pg. 16139-16145)
16140
lap;u] LFkkukarj.k ,oa fodkl esa lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh ds fofHkUu lk/kuksa dh mi;ksfxrk egRoiw.kZ gSA vkt ds ;qx esa thou dk çR;sd i{k oSKkfud [kkstksa rFkk vfo"dkjksa ls çHkkfor gSA f'k{kk ds {ks= esa jsfM;ks] Vsyhfotu] fyaXokQksu] lax.kd vkfn dk c<+rk gqvk mi;ksx f'k{kk dks rduhdh ds fudV ykrk tk jgk gSA f'k{kk'kkL= dk dksbZ Hkh vax] pkgs og fof/k;ksa] çfof/k;ksa] mís';ksa] dk gks] f'k{k.k çfØ;k dk gks] ;k fQj 'kks/k dk gks] fcuk rduhd ds viw.kZ jgrk gSA lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh dk fodkl cgqr rsth ls gks jgk gSA oLrqr% lai.w kZ fo'o lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh dk ç;ksx viuh vf/kd ,oa lkekftd le`f) ds fy, ,d çHkkoh lk/ku ds :i esa dj jgk gSA Hkkjr us Hkh bl {ks= dks dkQh çeq[krk nh gS vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij dbZ fu.kkZ;d dne mBk, gSaA Hkkjr ds fodkl esa lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh dk cgqr cM+k ;ksxnku gSA Hkkjr esa fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds fodkl esa lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA f'k{kk O;oLFkk esa cnyko ykus ds fy, lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA f'k{k.k çfØ;k dks çHkkoh ,oa ljy cukus esa lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh ds fofHkUu lk/ku mi;ksxh fl) gq, gSA Kku laj{k.k] lao/kZu ,oa çlkj.k ds fy, lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh lEizfr ;qx esa vko';d ,oa egRoiw.kZ gSA lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh ds fofHkUu lk/kuksa ds çHkko'kkyh mi;ksx us thou ds lHkh i{kksa dks çHkkfor fd;k gSA f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa esa #fp c<+kuk] vfHkçsfjr djuk] vf/kxe vkSj çf'k{k.k nsuk] vuqdwy 'kSf{kd okrkoj.k] fofHkUu 'kfä;ksa dk fodkl vkfn ds fy, lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh egRoiw.kZ ,oa mi;qä gSA blds mi;ksx ls f'k{k.k çfØ;k ifj.kkedkjd fl) gqbZ gSA vkt ds ;qx esa rduhdh rFkk e'khu ds fcuk thou dh dYiuk ugha dh tk ldrh gSA f'k{kk Hkh bldk viokn ugha gSA f'k{kk esa vkt rduhdh dk cgqr cM+k ;ksxnku gSA mfpr rduhdh çfØ;kvksa rFkk lalk/kuksa ds l`tu] mi;ksx rFkk çca/ku ds }kjk gj {ks= ds fØ;kdyki dks ljy] lgt rFkk çHkko'kkyh cuk;k tk ldrk gSA vkt f'k{kk esa rduhdh dk ç;ksx mPp Lrj ij gks jgk gSA rduhdh us f'k{kk ds Lo:Ik dks iwjh rjg cny fn;k gS A dksfoM&19 dksfoM&19 ,d Hk;adj laØe.k gS] tksfd ,d nwljs ds laidZ esa vkus okys ls QSyrk gSA ;g ok;jl lky 2019 esa phu ns'k ls 'kq# gqvk FkkA phu esa bl laØe.k ls laØfer igyk dsl 8 uoacj dks lkeus vk;kA blds ckn bl laØe.k us phu lesr iwjs fo'o dks vius pisV esa ys fy;kA dksfoM&19 dksjksuk ok;jl ls lacaf/kr dbZ çdkj ds ok;jlksa esa ls ,d gSA dksjksuk ok;jl ls lacaf/kr gksus ds dkj.k rFkk o"kZ 2019 esa bldh mRifÙk gksus ds dkj.k bl ok;jl dk laf{kIr uke Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
MkW0 f’koe JhokLro & vuhrk oekZ
(Pg. 16139-16145)
16141
dksfoM&19 j[kk x;kA igys bls phuh ok;jl dk uke Hkh fn;k tk jgk Fkk ysfdu] WHO ds vuqlkj] bldk uke dksfoM&19 j[kk gSA fo'o LokLF; laxBu ds vuqlkj] ok;jl dk uke fdlh Hkh ns'k ds uke ls ;k vuqfpr :i ls ç;ksx ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A [kkaluk] Nhaduk] rst Toj vkuk rFkk xa/k o Lokn dk vkHkkl uk gksuk dksfoM&19 ds y{k.kksa esa ls gSaA bu y{k.kksa ds lkFk O;fä dks lkal ysus esa Hkh csgn ijs'kkuh dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS A ,sls y{k.kksa okys O;fä;ksa dks dksjksuk dh tkap djokuk vko';d gks tkrk gSA ;fn og dksfoM&19 dh tkap esa i‚ftfVo fudyrk gS rks mls rqjar DoSjSaVhu djus dh fgnk;r nh tkrh gS rkfd mlds ek/;e ls ;g laØe.k vU; yksxksa rd uk igqapsA dksfoM&19 dk f'k{kk ij vlj dksfoM&19 dh egkekjh us vkt lewps fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkk] 'kSf{kd O;oLFkk rFkk lkekftd Lrj dks vR;ar çHkkfor fd;k gSA dksfoM&19 ds çHkko ds dkj.k ljdkj }kjk y‚dMkmu ds fn'kk funsZ'k le; le; ij fn, x,A bl funsZ'k ds pyrs Ldwy] d‚yst dks iw.kZrk can dj fn;k x;k gSA bl fLFkfr esa v‚uykbu f'k{kk ç.kkyh dh 'kq#vkr dh xbZ] ijarq xzkeh.k {ks= esa fuokl djus okys Nk=& Nk=kvksa ds fy, ;g O;oLFkk T;knk dkjxj lkfcr ugha gks ldsxhA D;ksafd ogka vf/kdrj yksxksa ds ikl v‚uykbu i<+kbZ djus ds fy, uk rks ,aMj‚bM Qksu gS vkSj usV dh mfpr O;oLFkk gSA ,sls esa vkfFkZd rkSj ij detksj ifjokj ds Nk=ksa ds fy, i<+kbZ djuk csgn eqf'dy gSA dksfoM&19 ds çHkko ds dkj.k fofHkUu çdkj dh ijh{kkvksa dks Hkh fujLr dj fn;k x;kA ftuls fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkRe fo'okl ij Hkh vlj iM+kA ijh{kkvksa ds uk gksus ds dkj.k f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk ij Hkh vlj iM+k gSA u, l= esa ços'k ysus okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Hkh vkxs eqf'dy dk lkeuk djuk iM+sxkA Hkfo"; esa f'k{kk ç.kkyh dks iqu% mfpr Lrj ij ykus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ dne mBkus tkus iM+x sa As dksfoM&19 ds dkj.k mRiUu ;g fLFkfr fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds eukscy rFkk i<+kbZ gsrq muds yxu dks Bsl igqapk jgh gSA bl le; ;g vko';drk gS fd vfHkHkkod vius cPpksa dks ?kj ij i<+kbZ djus ds fy, mRlkfgr djs rkfd f'k{kk ds çfr mudh #fp esa deh uk vk,A lkFk gh fo|kFkhZ vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk vkil esa i<+kbZ ls lacaf/kr ppkZ djsAa blls muds Kku esa laHkkfor :i ls o`f) gksxhA dksfoM &19 egkekjh us gekjs lkeus ,slk le; yk fn;k ftldh geus dHkh dYiuk Hkh ugha dh FkhA blus gj balku dh ftanxh esa viuk vlj fn[kk;k gS] vkSj T;knkrj yksxksa ds ftanxh esa udkjkRed rjhds lsA dksjksuk us gj {ks= dks izHkkfor fd;k gSA ftldh ge dYiuk Hkh ugha dj ldrs gSaA
Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
MkW0 f’koe JhokLro & vuhrk oekZ
(Pg. 16139-16145)
16142
dksfoM&19 egkekjh us lHkh {ks= esa vHkwriwoZ mFky&iqFky epk nh gS] ftlesa f'k{kk {ks= dksbZ viokn ugha gSA dksfoM&19 us dbZ rjg ls f'k{kk ds {ks= esa viuk vlj fn[kk;kA dksjksuk dky esa lHkh Ldwy] d‚yst] dksfpax] fo'ofo|ky; vkfn can dj nh xbZ] D;ksafd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds thou dh lqj{kk mudh f'k{kk ls T;knk egRoiw.kZ FkhA blh dkj.k ?kj ls v‚uykbu i<+kbZ ij T;knk tksj fn;k x;kA Ldwyksa] d‚ystksa] dksfpax] fo'ofo|ky;ksa] bR;kfn ds }kjk fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks v‚uykbu f'k{kk nsus ds fy, dbZ rjg ds mik; fd, x,A bu laLFkkvksa }kjk dbZ rjg ds v‚uykbu IysVQ‚eZ tSls ;wVîwc ohfM;ks] eksckby ,si] v‚uykbu osclkbV] oschukj] ohfM;ks d‚UÝsaflax ,si bR;kfn dk mi;ksx dj v‚uykbu f'k{kk nsus dk ç;kl fd;kA bu laLFkkvksa }kjk dbZ rjg ds v‚uykbu yfuaZx dkslsZt vFkok v‚uykbu yfuaZx ,i ykap fd, x,A bl rjg f'k{kk nsus dk ,d u;k rjhdk yksxksa ds lkeus vk;kA ;fn ge dksfoM&19 ds vlj dh f'k{kk ij ckr djsa rks blus f'k{kk {ks= dks cgqr gh udkjkRed rjhds ls çHkkfor fd;k gSA blus 'kSf{kd dSyasMj dks vLr O;Lr dj fn;kA bl dksjksuk dky esa cgqr lkjs f'k{kdksa us viuh ukSdjh x¡okbZ vFkok dbZ;ksa dh lSyjh vk/kh dj nh xbZ ;k jksd nh xbZA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vxyh d{kk esa fcuk fdlh ijh{kk ds çksUur djuk iM+k vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks fiNyh d{kkvksa esa feys uacj ds vk/kkj ij uacj fn, x,A blls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh f'k{kk xq.koÙkk ij udkjkRed çHkko iM+k vkSj lkFk gh lkFk bldk cPpksa ds Hkfo"; ij cqjk vlj iM+x s kA vr% bl dkj.k dksjksuk dky esa gekjk ekuo lalk/ku cgqr cqjh rjg ls çHkkfor gqvkA dksjksuk us lekt ds detksj oxZ ds Nk=ks]a xzkeh.k {ks= ds Nk=ksa vkSj fodykaxksa dh f'k{kk ij cgqr cqjk vlj Mkyk gSA lekt ds detksj oxZ ds Nk= vkSj xzkeh.k {ks= ds Nk= ftu Ldwyksa esa i<+rs Fks mu Ldwyksa }kjk v‚uykbu f'k{kk dh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha dh xbZA v‚uykbu f'k{kk dh O;oLFkk cl dqN fxus&pqus egaxs çkbosV fo|ky;ksa }kjk dh xbZ] tksfd lekt ds gj Lrj dk Nk= vQksMZ ugha dj ldrk FkkA lekt ds detksj oxZ ds vkSj xzkeh.k {ks= ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ikl v‚uykbu f'k{kk çkIr djus ds lk/ku tSls ySiV‚i] VscysV] LekVZQksu] gkbZ LihM baVjusV dusD'ku bR;kfn miyC/k ugha gSA dksjksuk dky esa ljdkjh çkFkfed fo|ky; iwjh rjhds ls can gSa ftlds dkj.k ogka ij feM Ms ehy dh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha gSA feM Ms ehy ds dkj.k cgqr ls cPps Ldwy vkrs Fks ftlls mUgsa f'k{kk rks çkIr gksrh gh Fkh lkFk gh lkFk Ldwy esa ikSf"Vd Hkkstu Hkh feyrk FkkA dksjksuk dky esa cPpksa dks uk rks f'k{kk fey ik jgh gS uk gh ikSf"Vd HkkstuA bl dkj.k ljdkjh çkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa Ldwy NksM+us dh nj c<+ ldrh gS vkSj lkFk gh lkFk cPpksa esa dqiks"k.k Hkh c<+ ldrk gSA NksM+us dh nj Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
MkW0 f’koe JhokLro & vuhrk oekZ
(Pg. 16139-16145)
16143
fo'ks"kdj yM+fd;ksa esa T;knk gks ldrh gS] ftlls Hkfo"; esa ySafxd vlekurk c<+ ldrh gS vkSj lkFk gh lkFk cky fookg Hkh c<+ ldrk gSA vr% dksjksuk dky esa ljdkjh çkFkfed fo|ky; ds can gksus ds dkj.k lekt ds detksj oxZ ds cPpksa dh f'k{kk ij cgqr cqjk vlj iM+k gSA v‚uykbu f'k{kk] v‚Qykbu f'k{kk ds iwjd ds :i esa dke dj ldrh gS ysfdu v‚uykbu f'k{kk] v‚Qykbu f'k{kk dk LFkku ugha ys ldrhA Ldwy esa tc fofHkUu i`"BHkwfe vkSj laL—fr ds cPps vkrs gSa vkSj ,d lkFk cSBrs] mBrs [ksyrs gSa vkSj i<+rs gSa rks os dbZ rjg dh phtsa lh[krs gSa muesa ikjLifjd laidZ gksrk gS ftlls mudk lekthdj.k gksrk gSA mudh lekt ds ckjs esa ,d vkSj vPNh le> mRiUu gksrh gS tks fMftVy ek/;e dh f'k{kk ls ugha laHko gSA cPpksa dk lexz O;fäRo fodkl rHkh gks ikrk gS tc og viuh mez ds cPpksa ds lkFk laidZ djrs gSaA v‚uykbu f'k{kk fofHkUu i`"BHkwfe vkSj laL—fr;ksa ds NksVs cPpksa dks ,d lkFk ykdj mu ikjLifjd laidZ dh udy ugha dj ldrk gS tks Ldwy lqfo/kk çnku djrs gSaA vr% dksjksuk dky esa cPpksa dk lexz O;fäRo fodkl ikjLifjd laidZ vkSj lekthdj.k udkjkRed rjhds ls çHkkfor gqvk gS A gkykafd dksjksuk us f'k{kk ij T;knkrj udkjkRed çHkko gh NksM+s gSa] ysfdu dqN ge ldkjkRed çHkko Hkh ns[k ldrs gSa dksjksuk dky esa eglwl fd;k x;k fd fMftVy f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls lekt ds lHkh oxksZa ds Nk=ksa dks lLrh vkSj vPNh f'k{kk igqapkbZ tk ldrh gSA v‚uykbu f'k{kk us Vhpjksa dks vkSj T;knk jpukRed cuk;kA v‚uykbu lk/kuksa dk mi;ksx djds fdlh Hkh fo"k; dks cPpksa dks vkSj vPNs ls le>k;k tk ldrk gSA blds vykok] dksfoM&19 ds le; esa fMftVy fyVjslh Hkh c<+h A xq.koÙkk ijd f'k{kk fdlh Hkh O;fä ds fy, cgqr gh vfr vko';d gksrh gS] D;ksafd xq.koÙkk ijd f'k{kk fdlh Hkh O;fä dks ,d vPNk balku vkSj vPNk ukxfjd cukrh gS] vkSj dksfoM&19 ds dky esa gekjs cPpksa dks xq.koÙkk ijd f'k{kk çkIr djus esa fnDdr gks jgh gSA vr% ljdkj dks tYnh ls tYnh cPpksa dks dksfoM&19 dh oSDlhu yxok dj tYn ls tYn Ldwy [kksyus pkfg, rkfd Ldwyksa esa xq.koÙkk ijd f'k{kk çkIr gks ldsA ;g Hkh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg, fd v‚uykbu f'k{kk lekt ds detksj oxZ vkSj xzkeh.k {ks= ds Nk=ksa ds igqap ls ckgj uk gks A milagkj orZeku le; esa f'k{k.k vkSj çf'k{k.k esa vusd ;a=ksa dk fodkl fd;k tk pqdk gSA vkt dksfoM&+19 ds le; esa 'kSf{kd rduhdh ds cy ij gh f'k{kd f'k{kk rFkk 'kSf{kd çf'k{k.k rFkk f'k{k.k dk dk;Z #dk ugha gSA bl le; cgqr lkjs ;a=ksa dk mi;ksx djds f'k{k.k dk;ksaZ dks lqpk# j[kk x;k gS tSls
Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
MkW0 f’koe JhokLro & vuhrk oekZ
(Pg. 16139-16145)
16144
Vhoh] Vsi fjd‚MZj] jsfM;ks] xzkeksQksu] daI;wVj] baVjusV] esy] Vsyhd‚UÝsfa lax] OgkV~l,i] Vsyhxzke] xwxy ehV rFkk twe bR;kfnA f'k{k.k vf/kxe çfØ;k dks ljy rFkk çHkko'kkyh cukus ds fy, oSKkfud rduhdh] euksoSKkfud fl)kar rFkk fof/k;ksa dk mfpr rFkk çHkkoh mi;ksx gh 'kSf{kd rduhdh dgykrk gSA tSls&tSls u,&u, [kkst lkeus vkrs tk jgs gSa rduhdh dk vFkZ rFkk Lo:i Hkh cny jgk gSA f'k{kk ds {ks= esa u,&u, vfo"dkjksa [kkstksa ,oa 'kks/k ds QyLo:i cgqr lkjs rduhdksa rFkk dkS'kyksa dk fodkl fd;k x;k gS ftlls f'k{kk ds mís'; dks çkIr djus esa cgqr gh lgk;rk fey jgh gS dkS'kyksa rFkk rduhdh vk/kkfjr oSKkfud i)fr ij dks 'kSf{kd rduhdh dk uke fn;k x;k gSA 'kSf{kd rduhdh dks ns[krs gSa rks ;g rjg&rjg ls fn[krk gSA igyk f'k{kk esa rduhdh] nwljk f'k{kk dk rduhdhA igky vFkZ gS fd f'k{kk esa rduhdh dk mi;ksx tSls fd& lEizfr esa ge yksx lEizfr esa le; ge yksx IysVQkeZ ;k xwxy e‚e dks mi;ksx djds f'k{k.k vf/kxe çfØ;k dks lqpk: j[ks gSa rks ;g f'k{kk esa rduhdh dk mi;ksx gSA nwljk f'k{kk rduhdh dk vFkZ gS fd f'k{kk dk rduhdh çfØ;kvksa ds euksoSKkfud fl)karksa dks mi;ksx esa j[krs gq, fof/k;ksa rFkk dkS'kyksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk jgk gSA u,&u, fof/k;ksa dk f'k{kk esa ç;ksx gh f'k{kk dk rduhdh dgykrk gSA tSls lajpukokn ftlesa dgka x;k gS fd Kku dks ge Fkksi ugha ldrs gSa cfYd gj O;fä vius rjQ ls Kku dks lajfpr djrk gS viuh le> ds vuqlkj vFkkZr Kku tks gS og Fkksik ugha tk ldrk gS fo|kfFkZ;ksa vH;fFkZ;ksa esa daLVªDV ;kuh lajfpr fd;k tk ldrh gSA Hkkjr esa fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds fodkl esa lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh dk egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gSA f'k{kk O;oLFkk esa cnyko ykus esa lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA f'k{k.k çfØ;k dks çHkkoh ,oa ljy cukus esa lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh ds fofHkUu lk/ku mi;ksxh fl) gq, gSA Kku laj{k.k] lao/kZu ,oa çlj.k ds fy, lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh lEizfr ;qx esa vko';d ,oa egRoiw.kZ gSA lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh ds fofHkUu lk/kuksa ds çHkko'kkyh mi;ksx us thou ds lHkh i{kksa dks çHkkfor fd;k gSA f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa esa #fp c<+kuk] vfHkçsfjr djuk] vf/kxe vkSj çf'k{k.k nsuk] vuqdwy 'kSf{kd okrkoj.k] fofHkUu 'kfä;ksa dk fodkl vkfn ds fy, lwpuk ,oa lapkj rduhdh egRoiw.kZ ,oa mi;qä gSA blds mi;ksx ls f'k{k.k çfØ;k ifj.kkedkjd fl) gqbZ gSA
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MkW0 f’koe JhokLro & vuhrk oekZ
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lUnHkZ lwph "ArcGIS Dashboards" ¼vaxzsth Hkk"kk es½a - ewy ls 29 tuojh 2020 dks iqjkysf[kr- vfHkxeu frfFk 9 ebZ 2020"Why COVID&19 is not like Spanish flu"- ewy ls 18 ekpZ 2020 dks iqjkysf[kr- vfHkxeu frfFk 4 vçSy
2020lDlssuk] ,u- vkj- Lo:i] vkscsj‚;] ,l- lh- ¼2007½] *f'k{kk rduhdh ds rRo ,oa çcU/ku*] esjB] vkj yky cqd fMiksA vxzoky] ts- lh-] ¼2010½] *Ldwy çcU/k] lwpuk rFkk lEçs"k.k rduhdh*] vkxjk] vxzoky ifCyds'kuA prqosZnh] 'kksHkk] ¼2006½] *'kSf{kd rduhdh dk lkjRo ,oa çcU/kß] dkuiqj] fodkl çdk'kuA fdU~MjLys Mkfyax] ¼2013½] *'kSf{kd rduhdh ,oa çcU/k ç.kkyh ds ewy rRo*] ubZ fnYyh] fdUMjLys Mkfyax ¼bafM;k½ çk-fy-] ¼n-,f'k;k esa fi;lZu ,tqds'ku ds ykblsl a h½A ikBd] vkj- ih-] ¼2011½] *'kSf{kd rduhdhß] ubZ fnYyh] Mkfyax fdUMjLys ¼bafM;k½ çk-fy- ¼n-,f'k;k esa fi;lZu ,tqds'ku ykblsalh½ A tkSnku] flag jke xksiky] ¼2009½] *dEI;wVj ds fofo/k vk;ke*] xkft;kckn] vkdka{kk ifCy'klZ ,.M fMLVªhC;wVlZA pkS/kjh] iadt] ¼2008½] *Hkkjr ds lwpuk rduhdh dk fodklß] ubZ fnYyh] lapkj lkfgR; çdk'kuA Maxoky] fdjuyrk] oekZ lqeuyrk] 2017 lwpuk ,oa lEizs’k.k rduhdksa vkxkjk] jkth izdk'ku izk0fy0A dqyJs"B] ,l0ih0] ;kno ljkst 2014 'kSf{kd rduhdh ds ewy v/kkj ds vkxjk] Jh fouksn iqLrd efUnjA 'kqDyk] vukfedk] feJk eqds'k] 2015 ^^'kSf{kd izkS|ksfxdh ,oa vuqla/kku vkxjk] jk[kh izdk'ku izk0 fy0A
Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies