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Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2021 = 7.380, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, SEPT-OCT, 2021, VOL- 9/67

INDIA-PAKISTAN RELATIONS AFTER ABROGATION OF ARTICLES 370 AND 35A

Bhisma Narayan Sabar, Ph.D. Post Research Scholar, Center for Third Voice Studies, Odisha.

This research paper talks about the abrogation of article 370 and article 35A of the Indian constitution.Article 370 and 35A talks about special status to resident of Jammu and Kashmir. Government of India abrogation the enforcement of article 370 of the constitutions, which since 1950 has autonomy to the special state of Jammu and Kashmir. This paper will analyze political contrast in the narratives of political oppositions and supporters and how to each side discursively the abrogation to legitimatize their respective versions of reality.The Central objective of this paper is to discuss about India-Pakistan relations after abrogation of article 370 and 35A also it is studies reactions from affected areas leaders and reactions in India and neighbour’s countries. This paper also analysis social, trade, bilateral relatiuons, cultural relations and political implications of abrogation of article 370. Key words: Articles 370,Artcles 35A,jammu and Kashmir,abrogation of Article 370. Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

Introduction: On 5 August 2019, the Government of India (GoI) declared the repeal of Article 370 of the Constitution and the bifurcation of Jammu and Kashmir province (J&K) into two union territories. This provoked an extraordinary global reaction, in particular to the limitations imposed on the district as a result of the decision. It is true that most nations agreed that progress in Jammu and Kashmir was India's "internal problem" and that contrasts had to be resolved through the India-Pakistan discourse. In any case, some of India's vital accomplices and long-time colleagues have expressed concerns and condemned the repression of correspondence, the confinement of political leaders and the restriction of Civil Liberties. Now it has apparently become India's biggest discretionary test to fight the bill that the Indian state is stifling Kashmir's privileges. Immediately after the Declaration, India embarked on a monstrous political effort to alleviate the concerns of the world community. Some experts admit that the Indian government's decision of 2019 Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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launched a genuine discretionary test like the one led by the 1998 Pokhran II atomic test, the only contrast being that India is currently in a better universal position, thanks to its global profile. (i)

others say India's strategic effort has “met with mixed results,” with Kashmir attracting negative global consideration and scratching the image of the" Indian brand” globally.

(ii)

For his part, journalist Shekhar Gupta noted that “the Kashmir issue has internationalized after almost 50 years,” encouraged by India and not Pakistan.

(iii)

In fact, this is the most comprehensive consideration Kashmir has received

since 1990. Before August 2019, India had convinced many people that the key conflict over Kashmir was cross-border terrorism carried out by Pakistan. The new story, in any case, raises several problems among the national and global public. This chapter examines the global reactions to the sacred changes in Kashmir, from the moment the decision was declared on August 5, 2019, to the present day. The first three segments focus on the strategic responses of the countries of South Asia and China, the Middle East and Southeast Asia and the West, respectively. This is followed by a conversation on global strategy in multilateral debates, for example, the United Nations, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and the European Union (EU). Finally, the chapter examines whether the results achieved in August 2019 will continue to be a political issue for New Delhi afterwards. Historical context: The effect of the partition of India and the creation of the two separate states of Pakistan and India in August 1947 continues to resonate in South Asia. So he plunged Jammu and Kashmir into a seemingly endless clash. Shortly after Partition, Pakistani tribes attacked J&K, backed by military powers, trying to wrest the Royal state. However, Maharaja Hari Singh, then leader of J&K, sought military help from India and the attack on Pakistan was foiled. The following year, the problem between India and Pakistan came to the world when India presented the problem of Kashmir to the UN Security Council. The UN Security Council resolution urged Pakistan and India to disarm their individual control territories in the Valley and hold a plebiscite. This plebiscite does Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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not seem to happen yet, Pakistan managed to gain an advantage in the UNSC, as Britain accepted a truce proposal without first guaranteeing Pakistan's withdrawal from the area that the latter had collected in the 1947 attack. Therefore, Pakistan continues to involve this sector, subverting the details of UN Security Council resolutions. The details of the promotion of Kashmir were drawn up between October 1947 and November 26, 1949, while the Constituent Assembly was drafting the Constitution of India. In 1950, when the Constitution came into force, it characterized J&K as an Indian state. Section 370 granted him an unusual status, which guaranteed the internal autonomy of J&K. The article was incorporated into the Constitution as a “temporary, transitional and special provision”. What is Article 370? Kashmir, because of its long history of aggravation of the political and social, has a special status under article 35A, which has been authorized by a presidential decree in 1956, and the article 370, which was an agreement with the first prime Minister of the State, Mr Sheik Abdullah. Because of these agreements, the status of Kashmir as an essential piece of the India has been controversial. Kashmir has witnessed for some time a wave of massive attacks against common freedoms, from the departure of Kashmiri Pandits from the state to terrorist attacks. The current situation has the ultimate goal of the Republic of India, which controls only 46% of the State, while the rest is occupied by Pakistan as Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Kashmir; and China as Aksai Chin. Most politics and Defense control the disturbing influences characteristic of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) to India's inability to fully integrate the state into the Union. The difficulties of such integration have very ancient roots, dating back to the conditions in which the state, pushed by Maharaja Hari Singh, the king of Jammu and Kashmir, gave consent to India, following Pakistan's efforts to conquer the state for power. Historically, Pakistan has also offered reliable help to illegal intimidation and pro-freedom developments to J&K and has further expanded this help to advance fear in different parts of the nation, using its own benefits. The third element is the disadvantage of article 370 in the Constitution of India and the expansion of article 35A, through the provisions of article 370. Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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Explanation, History and Debate regarding the relevancy of Article 370: Article 370 of the Constitution of India is a "temporary provision" granting special status to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The article goes under Part XXI of the Constitution of India; the title of the part is "temporary, transitional and special provisions" from which the article infers its brief character. Under Article 370, the state of Jammu and Kashmir received a special status. The various legislative acts of the Union and the provisions of the Indian Constitution, which are relevant in several states, do not apply to the state of Jammu and Kashmir through this article. Through this article, the state of Jammu and Kashmir has absolute control over 94 of the 97 articles included in The Union List; the other three are defense, Foreign Affairs and communication. Meanwhile, Parliament requires the approval of the state government for the use of laws that identify with the other 94 things listed in the Union all other laws. For this reason, residents of the state live under a regime of laws different from that of the Union, having different laws in any case, also identifying with citizenship, property ownership and fundamental rights. Due to this article, Indian residents who are not permanent residents of the state cannot purchase land or property in Jammu and Kashmir (Mustafa, 2019). Powers relating to Emergency Provisions: According to the article, the president of India cannot announce an emergency in the state of Jammu and Kashmir using Article 352 without consulting the governor of Jammu and Kashmir. The provision of Article 360 that allows the president to propagate the financial emergency (reduction of allowances and wages) is also not relevant in the state. The state of emergency referred to in Article 352 shall be issued by the president of India in the event of war and external aggression. In addition, there is no enforcement agreement for the Government of the president under Section 356, however, it is the Government of the Governor. Therefore, in case of inability to consent to the necessary measures, the government of the union does not invest any force to suspend the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir (Singh, 2018). Text of Article 370: Article 370 of the Constitution reads: Subject to any provisions of this Constitution, (a) the provisions referred to in Article 238, will not have a significant impact comparable to that of the state of Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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Jammu and Kashmir; (b) the intensity of the Parliament of the state shall be limited to: (i) the subjects included in the Union List and in the Concurrent List, in an interview with the government; the Dominion of India as the matters; and (ii) the various issues contained in these lists, which, with the consent of the Government of the state, the president may, on request, to determine. Clarification.- For the reasons of this article, the State government will involve the person at the time perceived by the president as the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir in accordance with the guidelines of the Council of Ministers at the time in office by virtue of the proclamation of the Maharaja dated the fifth day of march, 1948; (c) The provisions of artical 1 and of this artical shall apply in relations to that state(d) is outside of the query of the government of the State concerned; State: provided that there shall be issued to a order to identify matters other than those referred to in the last moment of the stipulation, subject to the consent of this government. In the case in which the government of the State referred to in sub-clause (b) (ii) of clause (i) or in a subsequent stipulation of sub-clause (d) of this clause before the Constituent Assembly, describing the State's constitution, it is submitted to this assembly for every decision you take as a result. Historical context of Article 370: The article was written by Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah in late 1947. He had also argued that the article should not be presented as a temporary provision of the Constitution of India, but should have a permanent character, but the center should not go there. The state of Jammu and Kashmir, rather than the other princely states, was unwilling to recognize the Constitution of India and determined to act fairly, based on the terms of Article 7 of the instrument of accession. Gopalaswami Ayyangar, who was a minister without portfolio in the Nehru legislature, introduced the bill for the accession of Article 370 to the Constitution of India, to the Constituent Assembly of India (Noorani, 2015). The writing of the article is met with political unrest in the state, with the objective of the United Nations, which require a decision in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, identifying the extent of an area to India, the governments of India and Pakistan strengthen the authority on the regions of Jammu and Kashmir, and the example of the government of India.

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The debate on the article: The question of Article 370 is raised in the public space for political thought processes. It concentrates after months or years. The nation's right-wing political groups demanded that it be canceled because of the explanation that the State did not take advantage of it, but again, it raised a public idea in the Kashmir Valley and the sooner it goes, the better for the state and its people. Indeed, the state's regional political parties, the National Conference of Jammu and Kashmir and the National Conference, supported its prosecution on the basis that it is the scaffolding between that state and the Union of India (Balbir, 2019). What is Article 35A? Article 35A is a provision merged into the Constitution that grants the legislature of Jammu and Kashmir unconditional power to elect all "permanent residents" of the state and to present them with extraordinary rights in government professions, the acquisition of unshakable property in the state, endowments and other public social protection policies. The provision coordinates that no act of the Board of directors that goes under its Aegis can be judged for ignoring the Constitution or any other rule that everyone must follow. The content of Article 35A is as follows: Safeguarding laws relating to permanent residents and their rights, despite everything contained in this Constitution, there are no laws in force in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, and there are no laws now established by the state assembly. (a)

Characterize the categories of persons who are or will be perpetual inhabitants of the state of Jammu and Kashmir; or

(b)

Grant these inhabitants perpetual unique rights and benefits or impose limitations on different persons with regard to – (I)

Employment in state administrations;

(II)

Acquisition of real estate in the state;

(iii)

Establishment in the state; or

(iv)

The right to scholarships and various types of assistance that the state government may grant is void on the grounds that it conflicts with or eliminates or condenses the rights granted to several residents of India by any agreement of this party”.

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According to Article 35A of the Constitution of India, Jammu and Kashmir can divide permanent and non-permanent inhabitants, which is equivalent to the acquisition of burning property, settlement in the state and employment opportunities and different views. The historical context of the need to distinguish between permanent residents and non-permanent can be traced to the anguish of the Pandit of Kashmir against the achievement of Punjabis in the state organization, which eventually led to a law of 1927, given by the Maharaja Hari Singh who tried to grant certain rights to the residents which are sustainable, especially in obtaining land. Due to the unusual situations in the vicinity of the rise of India and the guarantee of exceptional status, the delegates of Jammu and Kashmir felt that the durable occupiers Act should continue to safeguard their unusual rights under the rest of the Indian Union (RGICS Policy Watch, 2018). Article 35A is the result of the Delhi Agreement. It allowed the state Assembly to characterize "permanent residents" and grant them unprecedented rights. It further protects that such laws are not considered invalid and void on the basis that they are not compatible with or restrict or condense the rights granted to individual residents of India by a provision of Part III of the Constitution (Rajgopla, 2017). Article 35A is an annex to the main article and a presidential order was maintained, however, which was to be submitted to Parliament within 6 months of execution. Article 35A was included in the Constitution in 1954 by a Presidential Order of the then President of India, Rajendra Prasad, at the behest of the Nehru Cabinet. The order was given under Section 370 (1) (D) of the Constitution of India. This provision allowed the head of state to make some "exceptions and amendments" to the Constitution of India for the benefit of the "state entities" of Jammu and Kashmir. In this regard, Article 35A was added to the Constitution as a confirmation of the unusual thinking that the government of India presented to the "permanent residents" of J&K. Controversy around the Article 35A: Article 35A is subject to a ton of discord on the part of the Indian masses, individuals consider it a danger to the sovereignty and integrity of India. Similarly, since the law requires that a presidential order be submitted to Parliament within 6 Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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months of its authorization, the equivalent has rarely been done. It also states that four state representatives were members of the Constituent Assembly who participated in the drafting of the Constitution and that Jammu and Kashmir never received special status in the Constitution. As the title of the chapter describes, Article 370 was only a "temporary provision" to achieve J&K's consistency and support the state's political system. Article 35A is contrary to the integrity and “the very soul of the unity of India "because it creates division and renders" class within a class of Indian citizens". Restricting residents of different states of India to find work or purchase real estate within J&K is a violation of fundamental rights under Articles 14, 19 and 21 of the Constitution. Gender Biasness of the Act: In another case, the Supreme Court held that “Section 35A limits the essential right to property if an Aboriginal woman marries a man who is not in possession of a certificate of permanent resident."The children of this woman must also obtain a certificate of perpetual residence, therefore, considering them illegitimate. The Supreme Court has shown that the legitimacy of Articles 35A and 370 can be chosen by a Constitutional Court. Whereas, if an Aboriginal man marries a woman with a sustainable inhabitant certificate, he will also gain status. This type of arrangement shows the gender bias of the arrangement (Mitra, 2019). Such use of the oppressive law on the basis of sex could be regarded as a violation of the fundamental right of uniformity conferred by articles 14 and 15 of the Indian Constitution.

A case study on discrimination against the Valmiki community The Schedule Castes in Kashmir was the most affected in the whole state due to Article 35A. One of these communities in Kashmir is the Valmiki group of people, also called Safai Karamcharis. Valmiki is one of the less fortunate communities and is below the poverty line. The people's group is maintained unrivalled by the government under Article 14 of the Constitution of India, as granted to the various occupiers of Jammu and Kashmir. They do not enjoy the fundamental rights of the Government of Jammu and Kashmir in Article 35A, which was incorporated into the Constitution of India in 1954, nullifying the established Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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procedure. Article 35A blesses class segregation, the provisions of which have undermined the rights and balance of Safai Karamcharis of J&K. They are denied by the state government in a discriminatory manner, the certificate of permanent resident, the right to vote in elections to the Legislative Assembly, Government professions, subsidies and other social protection schemes, in addition, their children are like will not allow to take claim in professional colleges. The Article reduced them to a "second-class citizen" where the community can simply fill in as scavengers. History of the Valmiki community in Jammu and Kashmir: In 1957, the community sweeper taken a strike uncertain, which lasted a few months; the result was that the municipal working all over the Jammu and Kashmir took a break, and that most of the urban areas, especially those of Jammu and Srinagar, in the state, were completely covered with junk and garbage. Trying to overcome the situation, the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Gulam Mohammad, decided after talking with his office, to bring Safai Karamcharis from several states. Several people from the Valmiki community of Punjab were brought to the state. The Jammu district health officer established a special permit to enter the state and several offices (Pathak, 2016). Despite the positive activity of the state, the Valmiki group of people is the survivor of castism legitimized by the state itself. The groups of people Valmiki are denied the right, which has a permanent resident of the state, and are forced to control their parents, which is far from human rights. Government's rationale: Indian Foreign Minister S Jaishankar supported the crackdown saying it had been done to prevent an epidemic of brutality and regular setbacks by citizens, referring to the distress caused after the disappearance of assailant Burhan Wani in 2016. He said it was unrealistic to end the correspondence between the attackers without putting the entire district under a blackout. The government of Jammu and Kashmir has said that restrictions on Internet access, among various limitations, are forced to appropriate Public Order Disorder by several "anti-national" components. He said that the abuse of Information and Webby administrations "terrorists" to conduct psychological warfare and incite people to come out false word required such limitations, which will be gradually reduced (Ganguly, 2020). Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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Reactions from the affected areas: Opposition: The last Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, Mehbooba Mufti, called it the “blackest day in the Indian democratic system. She said the Indian Parliament had seized everything from individuals in Jammu and Kashmir. In a tweet on August 4, 2019, he said that the decision of the Jammu and Kashmir initiative to reject the theory of the two countries in 1947 and align with India had failed (Mufti, 2019). Former Chief Minister Omar Abdullah described the implementation of Article 370 as “one-sided and surprising. He considers it an absolute double crossing of the trust that individuals from Jammu and Kashmir had rested in India when the state gave its consent in 1947”. Asgar Ali Karbalai, a former senior adviser to the Kargil Hill Development Council, said the people of Kargil saw any division of the state based on "religion, language or region"as undemocratic. Some religious and political associations in Kargil, including the Imam Khomeini Memorial Trust, denounced the Indian government for acting "without the consent of individuals" and called for a general strike in Kargil district (Saaliq, 2019). Kashmir politician Shah Faesal criticized the move, saying that “this is considered the biggest sale by the Indian state in the last 70 years. It was not practical to reach Omar Abdullah, Mehbooba Mufti, and Sajjad Gani alone or make an impression on them. In different regions, the arrival is even more challenging. It can be said that all 8,000,000 people have been detained more than ever," and in a meeting with The Guardian, he portrayed the denial of Jammu and Kashmir's exceptional status as "an affront to people's pride. My belief is that it will have quick and long-term results. We will see the Assembly on the ground in the next few days and in the long run they will have a sense of distance to go further and they will be expelled. The basic cellar is that it's all over. Everything was seized from us. These are the basic lines on the lips of every cashmere these days (Ratcliffe, 2019). However, we have to choose from limited options to resist."Faesal was obviously confined by Indian security forces on August 14, 2019, prompting an announcement by more than 100 people linked to Harvard University (his place of graduation) denouncing the detention and calling for the arrival of Faesal and other Kashmir leaders. Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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Support: The Lok Sabha member of the Ladakh constituency Jamyang Tsering Namgyal appreciated the revocation of Article 370 and the proposed resolution of another Ladakh trade union territory, confident that the decision will increase jobs and improvement."Namgyal also said that the movement had been maintained from all parts of Ladakh, including Kargil (Khanna, 2019). The transition to the repeal of Article 370 and the creation of an associative domain in Ladakh was invited by the Ladakh Buddhist Association who then composed a Thanksgiving feast in Leh on August 8, 2019, to which political and religious leaders visited. The group of Buddhists of Leh and Ladakh expressed that they have been neglected for some time, renunciation and redesign will help them guide their own destiny. It was explained that celebrations were held in Jammu with people appropriating sweets, moving and playing drums. Delegates of the Kashmiri Hindu people's group, who have been displaced from the Kashmir Valley due to the increase in violence, have invited the movement and are confident that people in their region, numbering between 300,000 and 400,000, will have the opportunity to return. The day of August 15 was set aside by Ladakh as its "first day of independence". Rules were put in place to express gratitude to Prime Minister Narendra Modi and recognize the four young activists who died while agitating for the status of Union Territory. Similar celebrations were also observed in Jammu among the Bakarwal Gujjars, Sikhs, valmikis and outcasts of West Pakistan, all of whom were victims of Srinagar's partisan laws. The occupants of Jammu felt that Jammu was constantly being ignored by goods and goods, and were confident that the review would go ahead. Displaced Kashmiri Pandit people in Jammu have sought rehabilitation (Shali, 2019). Indian reactions: Opposition: Nobel laureate Amartya Sen examined the legislator and said that “I was not happy as an Indian. He sees the confinement of Kashmir's political leaders as "a classic colonial excuse" to avoid a backlash against the Indian government's decision and calls for a democratic solution that includes the people of Kashmir (Som, 2019). The Indian writer Arundhati Roy scolded the Indian government as he would like to Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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think in the New York Times. Wajahat Habibullah said the government's decision was a "backward and indiscreet" step (Roy, 2018). Leaders of the Indian National Congress, India's main opposition party, have been separated for renouncing Article 370. Some Congress leaders, for example, Rajasthan Prime Minister Ashok Gehlot, one of the Congress leaders, denounced the government's arrest of Kashmir leaders Mehbooba Mufti and Omar Abdullah. Other Rajasthan Congress and Gehlot Cabinet leaders called for removal. Punjab Chief Minister Amarinder Singh, Leader of the Congress, also called the revocation of Article 370 "absolutely unconstitutional" and said: "this will set a terrible benchmark, as it would imply that the center could reorganize any state of the nation through the reign of the monumental President."The Prime Minister of Punjab has further limited any kind of celebration or demonstration in his state on issues identified in Article 370, ordering increased security for about 8,000 Kashmiri students studying in Punjab. Rahul Gandhi criticized the Indian government for arresting Kashmir's political leaders and called the blockades "illegal and undemocratic” (Gandhi, 2019). Support: The government of India supported its activity by saying that it would help end brutality and aggression in the state and allow people access to government programs, for example, reservation, the right to education and the right to information, among others. Constitutional expert Subhash C. Kashyap, according to BBC News, said the resignation was "constitutionally valid" and that “no legal and constitutional flaw can be found in ella.La the revocation of Article 370 was approved by an "overwhelming majority" of aid in the Indian Parliament. It has attracted not only the help of Hindu patriotic parties, for example the BJP, but many other Indian political parties that normally contradict the BJP (BBC News 9th August, 2019). Some senior congressional leaders went directly to the side of the business. Former Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said the rejection had the grassroots support of the Congress party, but its execution was not appropriate. Bhupinder Singh Hooda, the former Prime Minister of Haryana, confirmed the government's decision saying the Congress party had “lost its way Jyotiraditya Scindia, also Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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confirmed the government's activity to remove Article 370 (PTI, 6th August, 2019). The Bahujan Samaj Party and its leader Mayawati, party leader Aam Aadmi in Delhi Chief Minister Arvind liked maintained the revocation of Article 370. Explaining her decision to help repudiation, Mayawati expressed that Articles 370 and 35A had caused social, economic and political injustice in Jammu and Kashmir, and that people, including Buddhists, will now reap the long-term benefits denied to them. Neighbor’s reactions: Pakistan's response: On August 6, Pakistan reacted from various points of view. The Foreign Ministry said India's refusal was an “illegal unilateral measure. Pakistan's military chief said the Pakistani army would "go to any extent" to help people in Kashmir. On August 7, a joint parliamentary session of crisis adopted the goal of censoring India's decision. A meeting of the National Security Committee chose to degrade Pakistan's political relations with India. The Samjhauta Express and Thar Express train service have been suspended. All social exchanges with India have been suspended, including a ban on the screening of Indian films and dramas within Pakistan (Khan, 2019). On August 9, 2019, Pakistan officially suspended most of its trade relations with India. On August 11, 2019, Prime Minister Imran Khan pitted the Indian government against the "Nazis," noting that global inaction in Kashmir would amount to “appeasing Hitler” (Ratcliffe, 2019). He accused India of trying to change the demographics of Kashmir's Muslim majority through ethnic cleansing. Pakistani Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi announced on Tuesday, August 13, 2019 that he had composed a letter to the head of the UN Security Council with an invitation to hold a crisis meeting to consider "illegal activities of India that abuse the UN resolutions on Kashmir". The Minister for Foreign Affairs also requested that the letter be forwarded to the members of the Security Council. On 20 August 2019, Pakistan stated that it would take the debate to the International Court of Justice, including that its case would focus on an alleged violation of human rights by India (BBC News, 20th August 2019). China's response: The representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hua Chunying, has contradicted the reconciliation of the territory of the Ladakh Union authorized the Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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jurisdiction of India, saying that it "sabotages the regional sovereignty of China", he then said: "India's activity is unacceptable, and have no legal effect", covering an area of contention because, in general, Hua confessed that "on the 9th of August, in China, Foreign Minister Wang Yi, after meeting with the Pakistan, Shah Mehmood Qureshi, he said that China is "sincerely concerned about the breakdown and increase in tensions" in Kashmir, and that "China will continue to strongly defend the Pakistani side by protecting its legal rights."On June 12, 2020, a report indicates that the Chinese think-tank linked tensions along the Line of Actual control (LAC) between India and China with Article 370 (Krishnan, 2020). Jammu and Ladakh regions: According to India Today, in the dominant Hindu part of Jammu district, people held unlimited "massive" exhibitions for a few days with the spread of desserts, the flashing of Bengal Lights and dancing. In Ladakh, Buddhist associations celebrated the evacuation of the provisions of Article 370 and the transformation of the Ladakh region into a different territory of the Union. The people of Leh and Matho hailed August 15 as a "Kashmir Independence Day" and demanded its status as a union territory. In the Kargil region, with a Muslim majority party, there were protests against the transition of the Indian government to Union Territory (Siddiqui and Siddiqui, 2019). Relations between India and Pakistan after the revocation of Articles 370 and 35A: Repudiating a temporary constitutional provision, India has deprived Jammu and Kashmir of statehood and special status, with the desire for new initiatives and progress for the contested Muslim-majority region. Points to three factors that may determine these relationships: the length of a block of India and the protests resulting, discretionary efforts of Pakistan to provide global aid to the situation in Kashmir and the inspiration for the Pakistan to avoid being boycotted by the Group of Financial Action, a discussion of the global fight against India has changed the state of his air attacks carried out at the beginning of this year that shows the layout of the two opposing nuclear count on the military power. Bilateral relations: Islamabad downplayed its strategic mission in Delhi and called on India to withdraw its agent to Pakistan in retaliation. Even if the diplomats were Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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not busy with any genuine political speech and were simply making a useful illustration, then it will not affect much between two nations. Trade: Pakistan has decided to suspend mutual trade in protest against New Delhi's transition to renouncing the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. This will not affect India much because India and Pakistan have extremely few mutual exchanges. In any case, it will hurt Pakistan because its materials industry imports 65% cotton from India. Cultural relations: Pakistan has decided to boycott all cultural exchanges with India, including a wide range of joint efforts between the two countries ' media after India denied the extraordinary status of Jammu and Kashmir, a media report said Friday. The Ministry of information and broadcasting on Thursday sent a public slogan "Say no To India," The Dawn article detailed. "A wide range of Indian substances have been arrested and Pakistan's Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) has been coordinated to strengthen its surveillance alongside activities against the provision of Indian DTH tools," said Firdous Ashiq Awan, Special Assistant to the Prime Minister for information and Broadcasting. Conclusion: Pakistan is trying to internationalize the issue. Pakistan's narrative about this has almost no substance. The two nations should go to a bilateral discussion on the J & K issue of a disputed area under the Shimla Agreement of 1972. At the national level, India should also divert sufficient resources to Jammu and Kashmir to train businesses and gain people's certainty to counter radicalization and aggression. India must also be fully aware of staying away from any Pulawama-type attacks and being vigilant at the borders. References: "Andhra Pradesh parties YSRCP, TDP support Centre's move to scrap Article 370", The Hans India, Indo-Asian News Service, 5 August 2019. "Arresting leaders will allow terrorists to fill gap: Rahul Gandhi on Omar Abdullah, Mufti arrests", India Today, 8 August 2019. "Article 370 abrogation: Kashmir issue should be resolved bilaterally, says Australian envoy", The Economic Times, Asian News International, 31 August 2019. Copyright © 2021, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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"Article 370: Gunfire at Kashmir rally India denies happened", BBC News, 10 August 2019. "Article 370: The Indians celebrating Kashmir's new status", BBC News, 9 August 2019. "Bhutan lauds India's 'bold and courageous' decision on Kashmir", The Week, 16 August 2019. "Canada

continues

closely

developments

Jammu

and

Kashmir", canada.ca (Press release), Global Affairs Canada, 13 August 2019. "Centre scraps Article 370, bifurcates J&K into two Union Territories", Business Line, 5 August 2019. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/jammuand-kashmir-to-be-separate-union-territory/article28819858.ece "China says India move on Kashmir violates its territorial sovereignty", Dawn, 6 August 2019. "Countries at Risk", Genocide Watch, 14 October 2019. "'Dark day for democracy': Mehbooba Mufti on scrapping of Article 370 for India's Jammu and Kashmir", Gulf News, 5 August 2019. "Delegation of Opposition Leaders Sent Back from Srinagar", The Wire, 24 November. "Donald Trump offers to mediate Kashmir conflict", Deutsche Welle, 22 July 2019. "Hundreds rally in Paris to denounce India's Kashmir move", The News International, 9 August 2019. "India revokes Kashmir's special status: All the latest updates", Al Jazeera, 8 August 2019. "India: Basic Freedoms at Risk in Kashmir", Human Rights Watch, 6 August 2019. "India: Supreme Court refuses to lift restrictions on Jammu and Kashmir", (Press release), Amnesty International, UK, 14 August 2019. "Kashmir is India's internal matter: Maldives tells Pakistan", India Today, IndoAsian News Service, 24 August 2019. "Kashmir lockdown: Protest outside Indian Consulate in Birmingham", The Express Tribune, 10 August 2019.

Dr. Bhisma Narayan Sabar (Pg. 15754-15770)

15770

"Kashmir: Pakistan to seek International Court of Justice ruling", BBC News, 20 August 2019. "Mayawati supports revoking Article 370 in J&K", India Today, Indo-Asian News Service, 6 August 2019.