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Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2019 = 6.380, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, MAR-APR, 2020, VOL- 7/58

B`Îmm ZddrVrb {dÚmÏ`mªMr Am§VaOmbm~m~V OmUrd Am{U Ë`mÀ`m dmnamMm VwbZmË_H$ Aä`mg amhþb ~iram_ H$m§~io, Ph.D.

³ema.e. ema.eD. saoT¸ naoT¸ pI.eca.DI ¤iSaxaNaSaas~¥ ´ rajaYaI- SaahU ka^laoja Aa^f ejyaukoSanaÊ taqavaDo ÊpuNao ¹33 Abstract

AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV "{ejU' `m eãXmMr ì`már JJZmbm JdgUr KmbUmar {XgyZ `oVo. AmYw{ZH$VoMr dmQ>Mmb àË`oH$ eVH$mV ZdZì`m ñVamdaVr kmZmbm nmohMdrV Amho. nyduÀ`m H$mimVrb dmMZ

boIZ Am{U

A§H$kmZ `m {ejUmÀ`m g§H$ënZoVyZ _wŠV hmoD$Z {ejUmZo KoVbobr Pon EìhmZm {Xem§À`m nbrH$So> nmohMbobr Amho. AmOMr {ejUmMr g§H$ënZm ^m¡{VH$ {dídmVrb dñVy_mÌm§Mo nañnamdb§~Z VH©$eŠVr Am{U O~m~XmarMr OmU `m Ì`tÀ`m hr nwT>o Am{U doJmZo {ZKmë`mMo {XgVo. V§ÌkmZm_wio jUmjUmbm dmT>Umar kmZmMr H$moR>mao H$ënZm§À`m gd© q^Vr ôXZÿ JJZmÀ`m Jm^m-`mVhr _mdoZmem hmoV AmhoV ho AmnUmg nmhd`mg {_iVo Amho. AmOÀ`m {ejUmMr hr {Xem OJmbm A{V ^ì` {Xì` C§Mrda ZoV AmhoV. {dÚmÏ`mª_Üò Am§VaOmb {df`H$ OmJê$H$Vm \$maM H$_r Agë`mMo {XgVo Am{Ug§JUH$ d Am§VaOmb {df`H$ OmJê$H$Vm dmT>{dÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm dma§dma {XgyZ òVo. AmYw{ZH$ `wJmbm JVr XoÊ`mgmR>r Am§VaOmbmMo kmZ AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho åhÊmyZ Am§VaOmb åhUOo H$m`?$ Am§VaOmbmMm emoY H$moUr bmdbm ?$ d Ho$ìhm Pmbm ?$ Am§VaOmbmMo àH$ma H$moUVo ?$ Am§VaOmbmMo e¡j{UH$ d d¡`pŠVH$ H$m`Xo, H$mimMr JaO Am{U Am§VaOmbmMm dmna H$em àH$mao d H$moR>oH$moR>o H$aVm òVmo ? BË`mXr _m{hVr {_idUo åhUOoM WmoS>Š`mV Am§VaOmbmÀ`m Om{Udo~Ôb d dmnam~Ôb _m{hVr KoUo _hËdmMo Amho.Am§VaOmbm~m~V OmUrd Am{U Ë`mÀ`m dmnamMm eha d J«m_rU ^mJmVrb \$aH$ emoYÊ`mgmR>r VgoM Ë`m {df`r gImob _m{hVr àmá ìhmdr åhUyZ B`Îmm ZddrVrb {dÚmÏ`mªMr Am§VaOmbm~m~V OmUrd Am{U Ë`mÀ`m dmnamMm VwbZmË_H$ Aä`mg àñVwV g§emoYZmV H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho.

Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com

p`stavanaa &ana manauYya tRtIya nao~maM! na ih &anaona sadRSaM piva~ imahma ivaVto jagat !!¸Aqaa-tca &anaa[tko piva~ yaa jagaat dusaro kahIhI naahI. iSaxaNa mhNajao Aa%maaivaYkar, ivaVaqyaa-MmaQaIla pUNa-%vaacaa AaivaYkar¸ vya@tIcyaa AaMtirk va naOsaigakSa>IMcaa gaitmaana samataola mhNajao iSaxaNa haoya. iSaxaNaaiSavaaya kaoNatIhI vya>I AaiNa samaaja samaRw¸ pirpUNa- va svaaiBamaanaI jaIvana jagaU Sakt naahI. mhNaUnaca ivaVaqyaa-Mcaa savaa-MgaINa ivakasa hoca iSaxaNaacao mah<vaacao ]i_YT Aaho. %yaa Copyright © 2020, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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dRYTInao ivaVaqyaa-Mcyaa vat-naacaa AByaasa iSaxaNaaWaro kolaa jaatao. p`%yaok sajaIvaasa ivaivaQa p`saMgaI kahInaa kahI ÌtI satt kravaI laagato. yaa sajaIvaaMcyaa ÌtI mhNajaoca vat-na haoya. maanavaI vat-na ho garjaaMtUna GaDt Asato. garjaaMcao samaaQaana Jaalao naahItr vat-naacaa samataola ibaGaDtao. yaacaaca Aqa- maanavaacao vat-na saacaobaMQa nasaUna vaOivaQyapUNa- Asato.yaasaazI iSaxaNaamaQyao navanavaIna ivaYayaaMcaa samaavaoSa kolaa jaatao jyaa maQyao pyaa-varNa iSaxaNa¸ saMgaNak iSaxaNa¸ klaa va kayaa-nauBavatsaoca pirsar AByaasa yaa ivaYayaaMcaa hI samaavaoSa kolaolaa Aaho pNa saMgaNak ivaYayak jaaNaIva hvaI tovaZI ivaVaqyaa-maQyao Asalyaacao idsaUna yaot naahI. ivaVaqyaa-MmaQyao AaMtrjaala ivaYayak jaaga$kta farca kmaI Asalyaacao %yaaMcyaa saMgaNak va AaMtrjaala ivaYayak ivaYayak jaaga$kta vaaZivaNyaasaazI ivaivaQa ]pËmaaMcaI AavaSyakta vaarMvaar idsaUna yaoto tsaoca AaMtrjaalaabaabat jaaNaIva AaiNa %yaacyaa vaapracaa Sahr va gaàmaINa BaagaatIla frk SaaoQaNyaasaazItsaoca %yaa ivaYayaI saKaola maaihtI pàPt vhavaI mhNaUna ‚[ya<aa navavaItIla ivaVaqyaa-McaI AaMtrjaalaabaabat jaaNaIva AaiNa %yaacyaa vaapracaa tulanaa%mak AByaasa‛p`stut saMSaaoQanaat krNyaat Aalaa Aaho. saMSaaoQanaacao SaIYa-k ‚[ya<aa navavaItIla ivaVaqyaa-McaI AaMtrjaalaabaabat jaaNaIva AaiNa %yaacyaa vaapracaa tulanaa%mak AByaasa‛ saMSaaoQana samasyaa ivaQaana ‚puNao ijalhyaatIla SahrI va gaàmaINa BaagaatIla [ya<aa navavaItIla ivaVaqyaa-McaI AaMtrjaalaabaabat jaaNaIva AaiNa %yaacyaa vaapracaa tulanaa%mak AByaasa‛ saMSaaoQanaatIla pdaMcyaa saMklpnaa%mak va kayaa-%mak vyaa#yaa saMklpnaa%mak vyaa#yaa ivaVaqaI- : ‘ivaVaqaI- mhNajao tI vya@tI baalak ikMvaa pàOZ iSaxaNaacyaa maaga-dSa-naaKalaI va pya-vaoxaNaaKalaI iSaxaNa pàPt krto.’ AaMtrjaala: ‘maaihtI tM~&anaavdaro maaihtIcao saMklana krNyaasa madt krNaaro saaQana haoya.’ jaaNaIva : ‘jaaNaIva mhNajao idlaolyaa vaoLosa eKadyaa vya@tIsa eki~tir%yaa maaihtI Asalaolao sava- AnauBava haoya.’ vaapr : ‘jaI gauNava<aa dOnaMidna jaIvana jagaNyaasaazI ]pyau@t pDto.’ kayaa-%mak vyaa#yaa [ya<aa navavaIcao ivaVaqaI-:

‘raYT/Iya SaOxaiNak QaaorNaanausaar ³1986´ inaSicat kolaolyaa iSaxaNaacaa str 5+3+2+2+3

yaa rcanaotIla maaQyaimak stravarIla ek vaga-.’ AaMtrjaala jaaNaIva :‘ivaVaqyaa-Mnaa AaMtrjaalaacyaa [ithasaaba_lacaI¸ %yaasaazI vaaprNyaat yaoNaa¹yaa saaQanaaMba_lacaI¸ AaMtrjaalaacyaa P`akaraba_lacaI AaiNa %yaa pasaUna haoNa¹yaa fayadyaaMcaI maaihtI AsaNao mhNajaoca AaMtrjaala jaaNaIva haoya.’ Copyright © 2020, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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AaMtrjaalaa vaapr :‘SaaLotIla ivaVaqyaa-MmaQyao SaOxaiNak maaihtI jaaNaUna GaoNyaasaazIcaI AavaD va vaOyai@tk maaihtI GaoNyaasaazIcaI AsalaolaI ]%saukta yaasaazI AaMtrjaalaacaI hataLNaI krNao mhNajao AaMtrjaala vaapr haoya.’ 5.4 saMSaaoQanaacaI garja saMSaaoQana krtanaa to saQyaacyaa saMSaaoQanaat iktI yaaogadna doto ho pahNao garjaocao Asato. ho jaovha saMSaaoQana mah<vapU Nazrto. %yaasaazI vaoL¸ kYT va pOsaa Kca- krNao maUlyavaana zrto. ]plabQa saMSaaoQanaacaa AaZavaa GaotlyaanaMtr Asao AaZLUna Aalao ik saMgaNak iSaxaNaacaa ]_oSa¸ saMgaNak iSaxaNaacaa pircaya¸ mahaivaValayaatIla saMgaNak ivaYayaacao iSaxaNa Gaotanaa laagaNaa-yaa saaQana sauivaQaacaa AByaasa [%yaadI ivaYayaat mahaivaValayaIna stravar saMSaaoQana Jaalao Aaho. dOnaMidna ijavanaatIla Pà%yaok GaTkacaa Pà%yaxa va APà%yaxa saMbaMQa maaihtI tM~&anaaSaI yaot Asatao. saMgaNakacao mah%va ho AQauinak va [lao@T/aoinak yaugaat vaaZtca Aaho. Aata saMgaNakabaraobarca AMtrjaaLacaa vaapr saMrxaNa ivaBaaga¸ Saasaikya saMsqaa pya-Mt mayaa-idt nasaUna AaMtrjaalaacaa vaapr vyaapar¸ ]VaogaQaMdo¸ Aaraogya ËoMdò¸ ivamaa kMpnyaa¸ saMSaaoQana kaya-¸ dLNavaLNa yaM~NaopasaUna to sava-saaQarNa vyai@tpya-Mt AaQauinak maaihtI GaoNyaasaazI maaozyaa PàmaaNaat hao} laagalaa Aaho. mhNaUna AaMtrjaalaacao maaihtI GaoNao AavaSyak Jaalao Aaho. (amauLo maaQyaimak SaaLomaQyao ivaVaqyaa-Mnaa va iSaxakaMnaa AaMtrjaalaa ivaYayaI &ana va hataLNaI kaOSalya Aa%masaat krNao hI Aajacyaa kaLacaI garja Aaho. Pà%yaok gaaoYTIcao inarakrNa ho AaMtrjaalaamauLo Aaja haotanaa idsat Aaho. AaMtrjaalaacao &ana Avagat haoNyaasaazI ¸ AaMtrjaala jaaNaIva ivaVaqyaa-MmaQyao yaavaI¸ ivaVaqyaa-Mcaa baaoQaa%mak¸ Baavanaa%mak¸ iËyaa%mak yaa itnhI xao~acaa ivakasa vhavaa mhNaUna Pà%yaok maaQyaimak SaaLaMmaQaUna saMgaNak PàyaaogaSaaLa sqaapna k$na ivaVaqyaa-Mnaa saMgaNak PàiSaxaNaa baraobar AaMtrjaalaacao iSaxaNa idlao jaato. %yaaca baraobar AQauinak garja pahUna %yaa maaQyaimak SaaLaMmaQyao AaMtrjaalaacao Pàa%yaixako k$na GaotlaI jaato. %yaasaazI maaQyaimak SaaLaMtIla ivaVaqyaa-MmaQyao AaMtrjaalaacaI iktpt jaaNaIva Aaho va ivaVaqaI- iktpt AaMtrjaalaacaa vaapr k$na Gaotat ho jaaNaNao savaa-t mah%vaacao zrto. mhNaUna saMSaaoQakanao ‚[ya<aa navavaItIla ivaVaqyaa-McaI AaMtrjaalaabaabat jaaNaIva AaiNa %yaacyaa vaapracaa tulanaa%mak AByaasa‛ha ivaYaya inavaDlaolaa Aaho saMSaaoQanaacao mah<va sadr saMSaaoQanaatUna imaLNaa¹yaa inaYkYaa-Mcaa fayada ivaVaqaI-Ê iSaxak va mau#yaaQyaapk yaaMnaa hao[-la. ivaVaqyaa-Mnaa svatÁcyaa vatnaacaI jaaNaIva hao[-la. ivaVaqyaa-McaI inaNa-yaxamata vaaZivaNyaasa madt hao[-la. tsaoca %yaaMcyaa klpnaaSa>Icaa ivakasa hao[-la. pRqa@krNaa%mak ivacaar k$na samasyaa inarakrNa krNyaacaI savaya laagaola. sava-saamaanyapNao svatÁcyaa Baavanaa dusa¹yaaMsamaaor vya@t k$ SaktIla. ivaVaqyaa-McaI kaya-xamata ivakisat haoNyaasa madt hao[-la. sadr saMSaaoQanaatUna imaLNaa¹yaa inaYkYaa-caa fayada puZIla PàmaaNao saaMgata yao[-la.

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saMSaaoQanaatUna imaLNaa-yaa inaYkYaa-mau/Lo ivaVaqyaa-Mnaa¸ iSaxakaMnaa va mau#yaaQyaapkaMnaa vagaa-caI PàgatI iktI Aaho ho samajaNyaasa madt hao[-la tsaova nava &ana pàPtIsaazI AavaSyak kaya- samajaola va iSaxakaMnaa AQyaapna kaya- krtanaa ivaVaqyaaMnaa AaNaKI kSaaPàkaro PàiSaxaNa va iSaxaNa Vavayaasa hvao yaacao &anahao[-la. saMSaaoQanaacaI ]i_YTo 1. [ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ivaVaqyaa-McyaaAaMtrjaalaabaabat jaaNaIvaocaa SaaoQa GaoNao. 2. [ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ivaVaqyaa-McyaaAaMtrjaalaabaabat jaaNaIvaocaa tulanaa%mak AByaasa krNao. 3. [ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ivaVaqyaa-McyaaAaMtrjaalaacyaa jaaNaIvaocaa va vaapracaa tulanaa%mak AByaasa krNao. saMSaaoQanaacaIgaRhItko 1. [ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ivaVaqyaa-McaI AaMtrjaalaabaabat jaaNaIvaot frk Aaho. 2. [ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ivaVaqyaa-McaI AaMtrjaalaabaabat jaaNaIva va AaMtrjaalaacaa vaapr iBanna sva$pacaI idsaUna yaotao. 3. [ya%%aa navavaIcyaa Saalaoya AByaasaËmaat ivaVaqyaa-MnaasaMgaNak ivaYayaat AaMtrjaala ha GaTk Ainavaaya- Aaho. saMSaaoQana p`Sna 1. [ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ivaVaqyaa-MmaQyao Saalaoya p`karanausaar AaMtrjaalaacyaa jaaNaIvaot va vaaprat frk Aaho kaÆ 2. [ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ivaVaqyaa-MmaQyao gaàmaINa va SahrI ivaBaagaanausaar AaMtrjaalaacyaa jaaNaIvaot va vaaprat frk Aaho kaÆ 3. [ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ivaVaqyaa-MmaQyao ilaMgaBaoda nausaar AaMtrjaalaacyaa jaaNaIvaot va vaaprat frk Aaho kaÆ saMSaaoQana pirklpnaa 1.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa va SahrI ivaVaqyaa-McyaaAaMtrjaala jaaNaIvaotlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa Anaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla va ga`amaINa ivanaaAnaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla ivaVaqyaa-McyaaAaMtrjaala jaaNaIvaotlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa SahrI Anaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla va SahrI ivanaaAnaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla ivaVaqyaaMcyaaAaMtrjaala jaaNaIvaotlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

4. [ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulao vaga`amaINa maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulaI yaaMmaQyao AaMtrjaala jaaNaIvaotlaxaNaIya frk naahI. 5.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa SahrI maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulao vaSahrI maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulaI yaaMmaQyao AaMtrjaala jaaNaIvaotlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulao vaSahrI maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulao yaaMmaQyao AaMtrjaala jaaNaIvaotlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

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[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulaIo vaSahrI maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulaI yaaMmaQyao AaMtrjaala jaaNaIvaotlaxaNaIya frk naahI

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa Anaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla va SahrI Anaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla ivaVaqyaaMcyaaAaMtrjaala jaaNaIvaotlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa ivanaaAnaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla va SahrI ivanaaAnaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla ivaVaqyaa-McyaaAaMtrjaala jaaNaIvaotlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

10.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa va SahrI ivaVaqyaa-McyaaAaMtrjaalavaapratlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

11.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa Anaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla va ga`amaINa ivanaaAnaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla ivaVaqyaa-McyaaAaMtrjaalavaapratlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

12.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa SahrI Anaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla va SahrI ivanaaAnaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla ivaVaqyaaMcyaaAaMtrjaalavaapratlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

13.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulao vaga`amaINa maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulaI yaaMmaQyao AaMtrjaalavaapratlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

14.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa SahrI maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulao vaSahrI maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulaI yaaMmaQyao AaMtrjaalavaapratlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

15.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulao vaSahrI maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulao yaaMmaQyao AaMtrjaalavaapratlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

16.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulaIo vaSahrI maaQyaimak SaaLotIla maulaI yaaMmaQyao AaMtrjaalavaapratlaxaNaIya frk naahI

17.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa Anaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla va SahrI Anaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla ivaVaqyaaMcyaaAaMtrjaalavaapratlaxaNaIya frk naahI.

18.

[ya%%aa navavaIcyaa ga`amaINa ivanaaAnaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla va SahrI ivanaaAnaudainat maaQyaimak SaaLotIla ivaVaqyaa-McyaaAaMtrjaalavaaprat laxaNaIya frk naahI.

saMSaaoQanaacaI vyaaPtI¸ mayaa-da va pirmayaa-da saMSaaoQanaacaI vyaaPtI 1. p`stut saMSaaoQana ho puNao ijal(atIla SahrI va ga`amaINa xao~amaQaIla maaQyaimak SaaLaMSaI saMbaMiQat Aaho. 2. p`stut saMSaaoQana ho SahrI va ga`amaINa xao~amaQaIla maaQyaimak SaaLotIla [ya<aa navavaImaQyao iSakt Asalaolyaa ivaVaqyaaMSaItsaoca iSaxak va mau#yaaQyaapkaMSaI saMbaMiQat Aaho. Copyright © 2020, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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3. p`stut saMSaaoQana ho [ya<aa navavaImaQaIla ivaVaqyaa-Mcyaa AaMtrjaala jaaNaIva va vaapraSaI saMbaMiQat Aaho. saMSaaoQanaacyaa mayaa-da 1. sadr saMSaaoQana ho puNao ijal(atIla SahrI va gaàmaINa xao~amaQaIla maaQyaimak SaaLaMpurtoca mayaa-dIt Aaho. 2. sadr saMSaaoQana ho puNao ijal(atIla SahrI va gaàmaINa BaagaatIla maaQyaimak stratIla [ya<aa navavaI maQyao iSaxaNa GaoNaa¹yaa ivaVaqyaa-purtoca tsaoca iSaxak va mau#yaaQyaapkapurtoca mayaa-idt Aaho. 3. sadr saMSaaoQana ho puNao ijal(atIla SahrI va gaàmaINa BaagaatIla maaQyaimak stratIla marazI maaQyamaacyaa SaaLot iSaxaNa GaoNaa¹yaa ivaVaqyaa-pru toca mayaa-idt Aaho. 4. sadr saMSaaoQana ho [ya<aa navavaImaQaIla SahrI va gaàmaINa ivaVaqyaa-McyaaAaMtrjaala jaaNaIva va vaapracyaa AByaasaapurtoca mayaa-idt Aaho. Pairmayaa-da 1. sadr saMSaaoQana ho puNao ijal(apurto mayaa-idt Aaho. 2. p`stut saMSaaoQana var ]llaoKlaolyaaivaVaqyaa-pru toca mayaa-idt Aaho. 3. sadr saMSaaoQana ho puNao ijal(atIla SahrI va gaàmaINa BaagaatIla maaQyaimak stratIla marazI maaQyamaacyaa SaaLopurto mayaaidt Aaho. 4. p`stut saMSaaoQana var ]llaoKlaolyaaivaVaqyaa-cyaa AaMtrjaala jaaiNavaopurto mayaa-idtAaho. 5. p`stut saMSaaoQana var ]llaoKlaolyaaivaVaqyaa-cyaa ivaivaQa AaMtrjaala vaaprapurto mayaa-idtAaho. 6. p`stut saMSaaoQana SaOxaiNak vaYa- 2015¹2017 yaa kalaavaQaIpurto mayaa-idt Aaho. g§emoYZ nÕVr dU©ZmË_H$ g§emoYZ nÕVr _Yrb H$maU{__m§gm VwbZmË_H$ nÕVrMm dmna Ho$bm Amho Z_wZm {ZdS> nÕVr àñVwV Aä`mgmgmR>r g§emoYH$mZo ~hþñVar` `mÑpÀN>H$ Z_wZm {ZdS> nÕVrMm dmna Ho$bm Amho. Ý`mXe© g§emoYH$mZo nwUo {OëømVrb Voam VmbwŠ`mVrb _mÜ`{_H$ ñVamdarb 20 _amRr _mÜ`_mÀ`m emim§_YÿZ B`Îmm ZddrVrb 1028 {dÚmÏ`mªMr {ZdS> Ho$br Amho. Z_wZm àgm_mÝ¶ MmMUr (Sample Normality Test) àñVwV g§emoYZmVrb Am§VaOmb OmUrd d Am§VaOmb dmna ¶m XmoÝhr Mbm§À¶m ghmæ¶mZo g§H${bV Ho$bobm Z_wZm àgm_mÝ¶ Amho.

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g§emoYZmMr gmYZo d V§Ìo g§emoYZ gmYZo : 1.ñd{Z{_©V MmMUr 2.ñd{Z{_©V nX{ZíM`Z loUr V§Ì :"Q>r' n[a{jH$m g§emoYZmMo {ZîH$f© n[aH$ënZm ñdrH$ma gm§p»`H$s n[aH$ënZm H« .

MmMUr

_Ü`_mZ

à_mU {dMbZ

J«m_rU {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb OmUrd

24.79

5.27

ehar {dÚmWu Am§VaOmb OmUrd

25.02

5.45

24.80

5.49

25.22

5.43

23.18 23.92 26.32 26.08

4.80 5.58 5.26 5.12

24.28 27.80

5.56 5.49

25.33

4.90

25.22

5.43

121.83 124.52

26.69 28.95

125.39

27.74

127.79 125.05 121.30

ehar AZwXm{ZV{dÚmWuAm§VaOmb OmUrd 3 6 7

ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb OmUrd J«m_rU _wboAm§VaOmb OmUrd ehar _wbrAm§VaOmb OmUrd J«m_rU _wbrAm§VaOmb OmUrd ehar _wbrAm§VaOmb OmUrd J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb OmUrd

ehar AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb OmUrd J«m_rU {dZm AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb OmUrd ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb OmUrd J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb dmna

J«m_rU {dZm AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb dmna ehar AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb dmna

ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb dmna

J«m_rU _wboAm§VaOmb dmna J«m_rU _wbrAm§VaOmb dmna

gmaUr _yë` 0.05 0.01

"Q>r' nar{jHo$Mo JwUmoÎma

n[aH$ënZoMm ñdrH$ma/ Ë`mJ 0.05

1.96

2.58

0.68

ñdrH$ma

1.96

2.59

0.86

ñdrH$ma

1.96

2.59

1.59

ñdrH$ma

1.96

2.59

1.06

ñdrH$ma

1.96

2.59

0.07

ñdrH$ma

1.96

2.59

0.24

ñdrH$ma

1.96

2.59

1.11

ñdrH$ma

28.49

1.96

2.59

0.96

ñdrH$ma

27.89 27.66

1.96

2.59

1.54

ñdrH$ma

MkW- amhþb ~iram_ H$m§~io

13799

(Pg. 13792-13805) 14

ehar _wboAm§VaOmb dmna ehar _wbrAm§VaOmb dmna J«m_rU _wboAm§VaOmb dmna ehar _wboAm§VaOmb dmna J«m_rU _wbrAm§VaOmb dmna ehar _wbrAm§VaOmb dmna J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb dmna ehar AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb dmna

15 16 17

J«m_rU {dZm AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb dmna 18

ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb dmna

128.20 125.10 125.05 128.20 121.30 125.10 121.83 125.39

28.58 27.60 27.89 28.58 27.66 27.60 26.69 27.74

124.52 127.79

28.95 28.49

1.96

2.59

1.24

ñdrH$ma

1.96

2.59

1.25

ñdrH$ma

1.96

2.59

1.58

ñdrH$ma

1.96

2.59

1.49

ñdrH$ma

1.96

2.59

1.28

ñdrH$ma

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU d ehar {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Am§VaOmb Om{UdoV bjUr` \$aH$ Zmhr.H$maU J«m_rU d ehar ^mJm_Üò Am§VaOmb g§~§{YV dmMU gm{hË¶o $ {_iÊ`mg d {_idÊ`mg A{YH$ gmoB©Mo OmV Agmdo, J«m_rU d ehar ^mJmVrb {dÚmÏ`mªH$So> {ejH$m§H$Sy>Z d¡`pŠVH$ bj {Xbo OmV Agmdo, J«m_rU d ehar ^mJmVrb {dÚmWv bjnyd©H$ EoH$V AgVrb, ZdrZ kmZ {_idÊ`mg CËgwH$ AgVrb, VgoM emioV àËòH$ KQ>H$mda _wë`_mnZ H$ê$Z KoVbo OmV Agmdo. åhUyZ J«m_rU d ehar ^mJmVrb {dÚmÏ`mª_Üò Am§VaOmb Om{UdoV bjUr` \$aH$ Zmhr.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m ehar AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb d ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Am§VaOmb Om{UdoV bjUr` \$aH$ Zmhr. H$maU eharAZwXm{ZV d {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªZm Am§VaOmbmÀ`m B{Vhmgm~Ôb,

OmoS>Ur~Ôb d Am§VaOmbmgmR>r bmJUm-`m

gmYZm§~Ôb _m{hVrAgë`mMo {XgyZ `oVo. d {dÚmÏ`mªZm {ejH$m§H$Sy>Z Am§VaOmbm~Ôb gmoß`m nÜXVrZo _mJ©Xe©Z Ho$bo OmV Agmdo. VgoM ehar AZwXm{ZV d {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªZm Am§VaOmbm ~ÔbMo kmZ ZdrZ Agë`m_wio {eHÊ`mg BÀNwH AgmdVo. 6.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo d ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo `m§À`m Am§VaOmb Om{UdoV bjUr` \$aH$ Zmhr. H$maU J«m_rU d ehar _mÜ`{_H _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbm§Zm ^m¡{VH$ d _mZdr gw{dYoV AS>MUr `oV ZgVrb, g¨JUH {ejH à{e{jV AgmdoV, Am§VaOmbMr _m{hVr {_idÊ`mMo {d{dY ómoV CnbãY AgmdoV , dJm©_Ü`o EH$mJ«VoZo EoH$V AgVrb VgoM _wbm§Zm Am§VaOmbmMr AmdS> Agy eH$Vo. åhUyZ J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo d ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo `m§À`m Am§VaOmb Om{UdoV \$aH$ AmTiV Zmhr.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbro d ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbr `m§À`m Am§VaOmb Om{UdoV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr. H$maU J«m_rUd ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbt_Ü`o

MkW- amhþb ~iram_ H$m§~io

13800

(Pg. 13792-13805)

Am§VaOmbm~Ôb CËgwH$Vm d A{^ê$Mr {XgyZ `oVo , J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbtÀ`m Am§VaOmbmdÔb `oÊ`m-`m AS>MUt {ejH$m§H$Sy>Z gmoS>dë`m OmV Agì`mVd J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbr§Zm d ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbr§Zm Am§VaOmbmMr AmdS> Agy eH$Vo. 8.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb d ehar AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$

emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Am§VaOmb Om{UdoV bjUr` \$aH$ Zmhr. H$maU J«m_rU d ehar AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªMr Am§VaOmbm~Ôb Aä`mgmMr AmdS> {XgyZ `oVo, J«m_rU d ehar_mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªZmAm§VaOmbmdÔb AmÚmdV _{hVr {ejH$m§H$Sy>Z {_iÊ`mg _XV hmoV Agmdr d ehar {dÚmÏ`mªZm Am§VaOmbmMr _m{hVr {_idÊ`mgmR>r {d{dY ñÌmoV CnbãY AgVrb. 9.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb d ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Am§VaOmb Om{UdoV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr. H$maU J«m_rUd ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mª_Ü`o Am§VaOmb A{^ê$Mr OmUdVo, {dÚmÏ`m©Zm ZdrZ kmZ J«hU H$aÊ`mMr AmdS> {XgyZ `oVo. Am§VaOmb g§~§{YV dmMZmMr, gmYZm§Mr d Am§VaOmbm g§~§{YV gw{dYm§Mr _m{hVr Agë`mMo OmUdVo.J«m_rU d ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmWu EZ H$mQm©Mm dmna H$aV AgVrb.

11.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb d J«m_rU {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr. H$maU J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV d J«m_rU {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`m©Zm emio_Üò g§JUH$ àmË`{jHo$ H$aÊ`mÀ`m gd© gmo`r gw{dYm CnbãY AgVrb, J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV d J«m_rU {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmWu embo` (J{UV, {dkmZ d B§J«Or) {df`m§Mr _m{hVr KoÊ`mgmR>r d _Zmoa§OZmgmR>r Am§VaOmbmMm dmna H$aVmV Ago {XgyZ òVo d J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV d J«m_rU {dZm _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`m©Zm emio_Üò g§JUH$ àmË`{jHo$ H$aÊ`mg gmo`r CnbãY AgyZ Am§VaOmbmMr A{^ê$Mr hr OmUdVo.

12.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m ehar AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb d ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr. H$maU ehar AZwXm{ZV d ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmWu Am§VaOmbmMm dmna H$aVmZm `oUm-`m AS>MUtMo {ZdmaU g§~§{YV {ejH$m§H$Sy>Z H$ê$Z KoV AgVrb. VgoM ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmWu bjnyd©H$ EoH$yU àmË`{jHo$ H$aV AgVrb d ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Kar hr Am§VaOmb gw{dYm CnbãY AgÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. åhUwZ B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m ehar AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$

MkW- amhþb ~iram_ H$m§~io

13801

(Pg. 13792-13805)

emioVrb d ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr. 13.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo d J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbr `m§_Üò Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr. H$maU _wbr§Zm d _wbm§Zm g_mOm_Üò g_mZ dmJUyH {Xbr OmV AgyZ, _wbr§Zm hr g_mOm_Üò _wŠV dmdaÊ`mg _w^m {XgyZ òVo Ë`m_wio _wbo d _wbr Kam ~mhoarb Am§VaOmb H|$Ðm§dagwÜXm àmË`m{jHo$ H$aV AgVrb, _mo~mBbdarb Am¨VaOmb gw{dYoMm dmna H$aV AgmdoV. _wbr§Zm d _wbm§Zm g_mOm_Üò g_mZ dmJUyH {Xbr OmV Agmdr åhUyZ B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo d J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbr `m§_Üò Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr.

14.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo d ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbr `m§_Üò Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr. H$maU _wbo d _wbr ImOJr Am§VaOmb H|$ÐmdaVr OmD$Z Am§VaOmb {df`H$ àmË`{jHo$ H$aV AgVrb d _wbm§_Üò d _wbr§§_Üò Am§VaOmb A{^ê$Mr OmUdVo. _wbr§Zm hr g_mOm_Üò _wŠV dmdaÊ`mg _w^m {XgyZ òVo Ë`m_wio _wbo d _wbr Kam ~mhoarb Am§VaOmb H|$Ðm§dagwÜXm àmË`m{jHo$ H$aV AgVrb, _mo~mBbdarb Am¨VaOmb gw{dYoMm dmna H$aV AgmdoV. _wbr§Zm d _wbm§Zm g_mOm_Üò g_mZ dmJUyH {Xbr OmV Agmdr. åhUyZ B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo d J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbr `m§_Üò Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr.

15.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo d ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo `m§_Üò Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr. H$maUJ«m_rUd ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emio_Üò Am§VaOmb dmnamMr gmo` Agob , àmË`{jHo$ H$ê$Z KoVbr OmV AgVrb, àmË`{jH$m§gmR>r OmñV doi {Xbm OmV Agmdm. J«m_rUd ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {ejH$ à{e{jV AgmdoV. åhUyZ B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo d ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo `m§_Üò Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr.

16.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbro d ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbr `m§À`m Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr. H$maU J«m_rUd eham_Ü`o àmË`{jHo$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r gd© gw{dYm AgVrb , {ejH$m§H$Sy>Z J«m_rUdehar _wbtH$So> OmñV bj {Xbo OmV Agmdo, àmË`{jH$mgmR>r OmñVrÀ`m Vm{gH$m§Mo {Z`moOZ Ho$bo OmV Agmdo åhUyZ B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbro d ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbr `m§À`m Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr.

17.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb d ehar AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ Zmhr. H$maU J«m_rUdehar AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emim§Vrb {dÚmÏ`mªH$So> Am¨VaOmb dmnamgmRr g¨JUHm ì`{V{a³V _mo~mBb dmnabm OmV Agmdm, VgoM ho {dÚmWu

MkW- amhþb ~iram_ H$m§~io

13802

(Pg. 13792-13805)

ImOJr Am¨VaOmb H|Ðm_Ü`o àmË`{jH$ H$aV AgmdoV,

J«m_rUdehar AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb

{dÚmWuÀ`m Kar Am§VaOmbmMr gmo` Agmdr. VgoM `m {dÚmWu_Ï`o Am§VaOmb dmnamMr CËgwH$Vm {XgyZ `oVo. 18.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb d ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Am§VaOmb dmnamV bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iV Zmhr. H$maU J«m_rUdehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emim§Vrb {dÚmÏ`mªH$So> {ejH$m§H$Sy>Z d¡`pŠVH$ bj {Xbo OmV Agmdo, VgoM ho {dÚmWu ImOJr Am¨VaOmb H|Ðm_Ü`o àmË`{jH$ H$aV AgmdoV, J«m_rUd ehar {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmWu bjnyd©H$ EoH$V AgVrb d àmË`{jH$ H$ê$Z nmhÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aV AgVrb , _mo~mBbdarb Am¨VaOmb gw{dYoMm dmna H$aV AgVrb d `m {dÚmÏ`mªZm ZdrZ kmZ {_idÊ`mMr CËgwH$Vm {XgyZ `oVo.

gmaUr 5.2 n[aH$ënZmË`mJ gm§p»`H$s n[aH$ënZm H« .

MmMUr J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb OmUrd J«m_rU {dZm AZwXm{ZV {dÚmWuAm§VaOmb OmUrd J«m_rU _wboAm§VaOmb OmUrd J«m_rU _wbrAm§VaOmb OmUrd ehar _wboAm§VaOmb OmUrd ehar _wbrAm§VaOmb OmUrd J«m_rU{dÚmWu Am§VaOmb dmna ehar {dÚmWu Am§VaOmb dmna

2 4 5

_Ü`_mZ

à_mU {dMbZ

24.28

5.56

25.33

4.90

23.18 26.32 23.92 26.08

4.80 5.26 5.58 5.12

123.13

27.81

126.61

28.12

gmaUr _yë` 0.05 0.01

"Q>r' nar{jHo$Mo JwUmoÎma

n[aH$ënZoMm ñdrH$ma/ Ë`mJ 0.05

1.96

2.59

2.29

Ë`mJ

1.96

2.59

7.12

Ë`mJ

1.96

2.59

4.54

Ë`mJ

1.96

2.58

2.00

Ë`mJ

J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb d J«m_rU {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Am§VaOmb Om{UdoV 0.05 gmaUr ñVamda \$aH$ AmT>iyZ `oVmo. H$maU J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªMr Am§VaOmb OmUrd hrJ«m_rU {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m VwbZoV A{YH Amho. H$maU J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªZm Am§VaOmb g§~§{YV gw{dYm A{YH$ Agmì`mV, g§JUH$ d Am§VaOmb {df`H$ nwñVHo$ J«§Wmb`mV OmñV AgmdrV, J«§Wmb`mgmR>r H$mhr Vm{gH$m R>odë`m OmV Agmì`mV VgoM

àmË`{jH$mgmR>r ñdV§Ì g§JUH$ à`moJemim Agmì`mV. Kar

MkW- amhþb ~iram_ H$m§~io

13803

(Pg. 13792-13805)

d¡`pŠVH$ g§JUH$ Agy eH$Vmo d nmbH$m§H$Sy>Z hr d¡`pŠVH$ bj {Xbo OmV Agmdo åhUyZJ«m_rU {dZm AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m VwbZoV J«m_rU AZwXm{ZV _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mª_Ü`o Am§VaOmb OmUrd A{YH Agmdr. 4.

J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo d _wbr `m§À`m Am§VaOmb Om{UdoV 0.05 gmaUr ñVamda bjUr` \$aH$ AmT>iyZ òVmo. H$maU J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbm§À`m VwbZoV J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbt øm dJm©_Üò bj XoV AgVrb, Am§VaOmb g§X^m©Vrb dV©_mZ nÌmVrb boI VgoM Am§VaOmb _m{gHo$ dmMV AgVrb, Ë`m§_Üò ZdrZ _m{hVr OmUyZ KoÊ`mMr AmdS> Agob VgoM dJm©_Üò {eH$dboë`m KQ>H$ Kar Joë`mZ§Va COiUr H$aV AgVrb, dmMZmMr AmdS> Agob, VgoM bdH$a kmZ J«hU H$aUo, [aH$må`m Vmgmbm ñdmÜ`m` H$aUo, e¡j{UH$ H$m_ nÕVeranUo hmoÊ`mgmR>r ñdV: à`ËZ H$aUo, OmñVrV OmñV JwU {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aUo, {ejH$m§Zr Am¨VaOmbMm {Xbobm J¥hnmR> doioda H$aUo, {ejH$m§Zr Am¨VaOmb g¨~¨{YV {eH${dboë`m KQ>H$m§da AmYmarV àíZ V`ma H$ê$Z CÎmao {bhrUo, `m gd© Jmoï>r_Üò _wbm§nojm _wbr OmñV nwT>o AgÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. åhUyZ J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbm§nojm J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbtMr Am§VaOmb OmUrd A{YH$ Mm§Jë`m àH$maMr AgÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho.

ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbo d _wbr `m§À`m Am§VaOmb Om{UdoV 0.05 gmaUr ñVamda bjUr` \$aH AmT>iyZ òVmo.H$maU _wbtMr Am§VaOmb OmUrd hr _wbm§À`m VwbZoV A{YH$ Amho. ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbm§À`m VwbZoV ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbt øm {_iUmè`m àmoËgmhZmZo A{YH$ àoarV qH$dm CËgmhrV hmoV AgÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. VgoM bdH$a kmZ J«hU hmoÊ`mgmRr _mo~BbMm dmna H$aUo, e¡j{UH$ H$m_ nÕVeranUo hmoÊ`mgmR>r ñdV: à`ËZ H$aUo, Iyn _ohZV H$aUo, embo` {df`mV JmoS>r dmQ>Uo, {ejH$m§Zr {Xbobo H$m_ doioda H$aUo, {ejH$m§Zr {eH${dbobo ì`dñWrV g_OyZ KoUo VgoM H$R>rU dmQ>Umè`m {df`m~Ôb {ejH$m§H$Sy>Z A{YH$ _mJ©Xe©Z KoUo , _wbr dJm©_Üò bjnwd©H$ EoH$V AgVrb, dV©_mZnÌo VgoM _m{gHo$ dmMV AgVrb, Ë`m§_Üò AmYw{ZH$ _m{hVr OmUyZ KoÊ`mMr AmdS> Agob VgoM dJm©_Üò {eH$dbocm KQ>H$ Kar Joë`mZ§Va COiUr H$aV AgVrb. `m gd© Jmoï>r_Üò _wbm§nojm _wbr OmñV nwT>o AgÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. åhUyZ ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbm§nojm ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb _wbtMr Am§VaOmb OmUrd A{YH$ AgÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho.

10.

B`ËVm ZddrÀ`m J«m_rU d ehar {dÚmÏ`mªÀ`m Am§VaOmb dmnamV 0.05 gmaUr ñVamda \$aH$ AmT>iyZ òVmo. H$maU ehar ^mJmVrb {dÚmÏ`mªZm emio_Üò d Kar Am§VaOmb dmnamgmR>r Amdí`H$ AgUmè`m gd© gw{dYm CnbãY AgVrb. J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªZm B§J«Or eãXm§Mm AW© bmdVm òV Zgob, emio_Üò àmË`{jHo$ H$aÊ`mMr gmo` Zgob, VgoM Vo àmË`{jH$mgmR>r H§$Qmim H$aV AgVrb, dJm©_Üò

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bjnyd©H$ EoH$V ZgVrb, Kar d¡`pŠVH$ g§JUH$ Zgob Am{U Jmdm_Ü`o hr Am§VaOmb gw{dYm CnbãY Zgob åhUyZ ehar _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb {dÚmÏ`mªMm Am§VaOmb dmna A{YH Agmdm d J«m_rU _mÜ`{_H$ emioVrb{dÚmÏ`mªMm Am§VaOmb dmna H$_r {XgyZ `oVmo. saMdBa- ga`MqayaadI

AagalaavaoÊ p`.³2000´. saMSaaoQana pwtISaas~ va tM~o p`qamaavaR<aI.naagapUrÁ ivaVa p`kaSana. krMdIkr¸sau.³2005´.SaOxaiNak maanasaSaas~ ³pacavaI AavaR<aI´.kaolhapUrÁfDko p`kaSana kulakNaI- ¸ ko. vhI.1977. SaOxaiNak maanasaSaas~ . puNao: EaIivaVa PàkaSana. jagatap¸h.naa1988 SaOxaiNak saM#yaaSaas~.puNao:Pà&a PakaSana jagatapÊ h.naa.2006 2007Pàgat SaOxaiNak tM~iva&ana AaiNa maaihtItM~iva&ana. puNao: nautna PàkaSana. daMDokr¸vaa.naa.³1997´.SaOxaiNak maUlyamaapna va saM#yaaSaas~³pacavaI AavaR<aI´.puNaoÁ EaI.ivaVa p`kaSana dunaaKo¸A.³2002´. [ithasa AQyaapna pwtI.puNaoÁ nautna p`kaSana dunaaKo¸A.2006.SaOxaiNak samaajaSaas~.puNaoÁ nautna p`kaSana pMiDt ba.iba.1997.iSaxaNaatIla saMSaaoQana. puNao: nautna PàkaSana. mahalao¸ saM.ra.³2005´.AQyaapnaacaI pìtmaanao AaiNa AQyayana SaOlaI p`qamaavaR<aI. AaOrMgaabaadÁ yauinak piblakoSana. ]pasanaIÊ naa. ko.³1984´. AQyaapana saaQanap`qamaavaR<aI. puNaoÁ EaI.ivaVa p`kaSana. kdmaÊ Sa.p.³1989´. SaOxaiNak saM#yaaSaas~. puNaoÁ naUtna p`kaSana. krMdIkr¸sau.³2005´.SaOxaiNak maanasaSaas~ ³pacavaI AavaR<aI´.kaolhapUrÁ fDko p`kaSana. kiNa-k¸gaaoKlao.³1962´.pàqaimak iSaxaNaacyaa samasyaap`qamaavaR<aI.puNaoÁ zaokL p`kaSana. kulakNaI-¸ ho.³2007´.SaaLa Aaho iSaxaNa naahI ³p`qama AavaR<aI´.mauMba[-Á ga`MqaalaI p`kaSana. jagatapÊ h. naa.³1998´. SaOxaiNak va pàyaaoigak maanasaSaas~ iWtIyaavaR<aI. puNaoÁ naUtna p`kaSana. daMDokr¸vaa.naa.³1997´.SaOxaiNak maUlyamaapna va saM#yaaSaas~³pacavaI AavaR<aI´. puNaoÁ EaI.ivaVa p`kaSana. dunaaKo¸A.³2002´. [ithasa AQyaapna pwtI ¸puNaoÁ nautna p`kaSana. paTIla¸vaa.Baa.³1999´.saMSaaoQana pwtI.naagapUrÁ maMgaoSa p`kaSana. pMiDt¸ba.iba.³1989´.iSaxaNaatIla saMSaaoQana AiBaklp³p`qamaavaR<aI´.puNaoÁ naUtna p`kaSana. Buch, M. B. (1992). Fifth Survey of Research in Education. Vol. 2. Baroda : M. S. University Best , J. & Kahn, J. W. (2003). Research in Education. Copyright © 2020, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

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