Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2017: 5.068, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFERRED JOURNAL, AUG-SEPT, 2019, VOL- 7/35
ihfMr efgykaP;k thoudkS’kY;kP;k fodlukr f’k{kdkaph Hkwfedk lqdU;k iq- HkkVs
¼fuo`Ùk] izkpk;Z½] eqGk ,T;qds’ku lkslk;Vhps baxzth o ejkBh ek/;ekps Mh-,MdkWyst] oMxko xqIrk]vgenuxj- sukanyabhate@gmail.com Abstract
vktP;k tkxfrdhdj.k] mnkfjdj.k vkf.k [kklxhdj.kkP;k ;qxkr xq.koRrk gk ‘kCn ijoyhpk >kyk vkgs- ra=Kku laLd`rhpk mn; >kysyk vkgs- R;keqGs fL=;kaiq<s [kqi eksBh vkOgkus vkgsrlektke/;s ihfMr efgykapk ,d eksBk xV vkgs vkf.k ;k ihfMr efgykaP;k thou dkS’kY;kapk fodkl vR;ko’;d vkgs- Lusgky;kps lapkyd MkW- fxjh’k dqyd.khZ ;kauh EgVY;kizek.ks lkekftd pGoGhph O;kIrh ok<yh ikfgts- ;k pGoGhiklwu lqf’kf{kr o ika<jis’kk oxZ nwj iGwu pky.kkj ukgh- lkeftd vkOgkus isy.kkÚ;k r:.kkauk lektkps ikBcG vko’;d vlrsr:.kkauh d”Vkrwu mHkkjysY;k lkekftd pGoGhP;k rhFkZ{ks=krp nso ‘kks/k.;kpk iz;Ru djkokR;keqGs Hkkjr ns’kkps egklRrk gks.;kps LoIu iw.kZ gksbZy- ‘kkGk&dkWyst lektkpk ,d Hkkx vkgs- ;klkBh ihfMr efgykaP;k fodluklkBh v/;;u&v/;kiu la’kks/ku] izf’k{k.k o fodkl gÓkk lanHkkZr vkiyh xq.koÙkk fl/n dj.ks gh dkGkph xjt vkgsScholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at www.srjis.com
izLrkouk%& vkt ‘kkGk&dkWyste/kwu ts f’kdoys tkrs R;kyk f’k{k.k Eg.k.;kph izFkk vkgs- vkf.k gs f’k{k.k xrhP;k fo:/n >kysys vkgs gh vkiyh [kar vkgsf’k{k.kkdMs jpukoknh n`”Vhdksukrwu ikfgys rj y{kkr ;srs dh f’k{k.kkpk ik;k gk ekul’kkL= vkgs- ekul’kkL=kyk vk/kkjHkwr vlysyh ‘kjhj foKku vkf.k esna wfo”k;d ‘kkL= gh f’k{k.kkpk ik;k Bjfor vlrkr vkf.k la’kks/kukuqlkj R;kr cnygh gksr vlrkrO;Drhus dls f’kdkos\ ;kph fn’kk Bjfo.;kps dke la’kks/ku djrs- i.k dk; f’kdk;ps\ Eg.ktsp f’k{k.kkpk vk’k; dk; vlrs] R;k vFkkZus f’k{k.kkpk vk’k; Bjokok ykxrks- Eg.ktsp f’k{k.k gs Hkkoh dkGkyk lkeksjs tk.kkjs vlkos ykxrs-
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1944 P;k lktZaV lferhiklwu rs 1964&66 P;k dksBkjh deh’ku i;Zar vkf.k uarjP;k 1986 P;k ‘kS{kf.kd /kksj.kki;aZrP;k iklwu rs 2009 P;k RTE P;k /kksj.kki;Zar loZp lfeR;kauh lq/kkj.kk lqpor f’k{k.k izokgh Bso.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk vkgs- rjhgh f’k{k.k gs iqjsls xfreku >kys ukghxfrekurk gk f’k{k.kkpk vfoHkkT; xq.k vlk;yk ikfgts rlsp f’k{k.k gs cnyR;k lkekftd okLro cny.;kP;k fn’ksus osxkus xsys ikfgts- f’kf{kr gks.ks Eg.kts vktwcktwP;k txkpk ‘kks/k ?ks.ks R;kpcjkscj rs t:jhizek.ks cny.;kps lkeF;Z izkIr dj.ks] v’kk rÚgus O;Drhyk f’kf{kr dj.ks f’k{k.kkyk ter ukgh rs f’k{k.k xrhP;k fo:/n tk.kkjs f’k{k.k gks;ns’kkP;k fodklklkBh izR;sd ukxfjdkph Hkwfedk egRokph vkgs- ihfMr efgykauk vkRefuHkZ; cuo.ks xjtsps vkgs- R;kauk f’k{k.kkph leku la/kh feGkyh ikfgts- f’k{k.k u feG.;kph ihfMr efgykaph osxosxGh dkj.ks vkgsr- nkfjnzÓk] ?kjxqrh dkSVfqa cd leL;k] nq/kZj vktkj] vKku] va/kJ/nk] :<hapk o ijaijkapk ixMk] lrr ghui.kkph okx.kwd v’kk vusd leL;k lksMfo.;krp R;kapk osG ok;k tkrksvki.k vk;q”;kr ;’kLoh Ogkos vls izR;sdkykp okVr vlrs- ;’kLoh] vkuannk;h o ‘kkarhfiz;] fujksxh thoukpk ykHk vkiY;kyk feGkok v’kh lwIr bPNk izR;sdkP;kp eukr vlrs i.k l/;kP;k dkGkr lokZaukp fofo/k Lrjkojhy Li/ksZyk] rk.kr.kkokauk rksaM
|kos ykxrs- ihfMr efgykauk rj foHkDr dqVqacs] U;wuxaM]
fpM[kksji.kk] ,dVsi.kk] xqUgsxkjh izo`Rrh] vLoLFkrk] Hkhrh v’kk vusd fparkauh xzklysys vlrs- R;keqGsp ;k ‘kks/kfuca/kkrwu R;kaP;k thou dkS’kY; f’k{k.kkpk ekufld] Hkkofud leL;srwu fopkj djrk ;sbZy‘kks/k fuca/kkpk mís’k& 1- ihfMr efgykaph thou dkS’kY;kaph ladYiuk Li”V dj.ks2- ihfMr efgykapk ‘kS{kf.kd o lkekftd {kerkapk lgHkkx riklwu ikg.ks3- ‘kkldh; o ‘kS{kf.kd Lrjko:u ihfMr efgykaP;k f’k{k.kkpk vk<kok ?ks.ksCopyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
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fo’ys”k.k& thou dkS’kY; ladYiuk& thou dkS’kY; f’k{k.kkpk vk’k;& WHO &
vkgs dh]
tkxfrd vkjksX; la?kVuk& 1999 e/;s ;k lanHkkZr vls EgVys
Life skill education s designed to facilitate the mentally appropriate way it
contraries to the promotion of personal and social development, the prevention of health and social problems and the protection of human rights- WHO 1999
thou dkS’kY; f’k{k.kkph jpuk v’kk i/nrhus >kyh ikfgts dh R;ke/kwu ekufld dkS’kY; fodluklkBh ;ksX; lkaLd`frd o fodflr ekxkZpk voyac d:u vf/kd ljko o iszj.kk fnyh xsyh ikfgts- R;ke/kwu ekuoh gDdkaps laj{k.k gksÅu vkjksX;fo”k;d lkekftd leL;kaiklwu n{krk ?ksowu oS;fDrd o lkekftd fodklkyk pkyuk feGkyh ikfgtsihfMr efgykaP;k f’k{k.kke/;s v’kk thou dkS’kY;kapk varHkkZo >kyk ikfgts dh T;keqGs R;kaps thou vf/kd lq[kdj gksbZy o R;k f’k{k.kkeqGs tx.;krhy rk.kr.kkokaoj ekr djrk ;sbZyihfMr efgykaP;k f’k{k.kkrhy leL;k& pkyZ Qsfjvj ;kauh lkafxrY;kizek.ks ,[kk|k jk”VªkdMwu fL=yk fnY;k tk.kkÚ;k lkekftd o jktdh; egRoko:u R;k jk”Vªkph maph ekstrk ;srs- Eg.kwu fL=;kauk f’k{k.k ns.ks egRokps vkgs1- fL=;kauk nq¸;e LFkku 2- nkfjnzÓk 3- ckyfookg 4- f’k{k.k v/kZoV lksM.ks 5- ikydkaps vKku 6- ijaijk] pkyhjhrh] :<h] va/kJ/nkapk izHkko 7- ?kjdke] vFkkZtZuklkBh dke Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
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8- lqf’kf{kr csdkjheqGs fujk’kk 9- lrr dqpacuk] vogsyuk 10- vH;klØekrhy nks”k 11- fL=;kalkBh lks;hlqfo/kkapk vHkko 12- nks”kiw.kZ iz’kklu 13- mPp f’k{k.kki;aZr u iksgksp.ks 14- ‘kS{kf.kd ekxZn’kZu o leqins’kukpk vHkko 15- ‘kklukP;k lksbZ lqfo/kkapk vHkko 16- fL=;kapk oS;fDrd vMp.kh letwu ?ksrY;k tkr ukghr 17- thouksi;ksxh o O;kolkf;d f’k{k.kkph derjrk 18- eqyhauk Hkkofud ikrGhoj letwu u ?ks.ks 19- ikydkae/;s tkx`rh ukgh 20- fL=;kae/;s vkRefo’oklkpk vHkko ihfMr fL=;kauk Lor%P;k O;fDreRo fodklklkBh] fujksxh ‘kjhj] gDdkph o drZO;kph tk.kho gksÅu vkRefo’okl] vkReizfrHkk ok<fo.ks xjtsps vkgsihfMr efgykalkBh thou dkS’kY;s%& tkxfrd vkjksX; la?kVususp lkafxrysys gh ngk thou dkS’kY;s ihfMr efgykaP;k thoukrhy ?kMkeksMhoj ldkjkRed ifj.kke ?kMowu vk.kw ‘kdrhy1- Lo&tk.kho fdaok Lo;atkx`rh%& izR;sd ihfMr efgysyk Lo&tk.kho djowu ns.ks] fdrhgh vfuf’pr o r.kkoiw.kZ ifjfLFkrh vlsy vkf.k tj vkRefo’okl vlsy rj ihfMr efgysyk Lor%pk fodkl lk/; dj.;kl enr gksrs- rh Lor%P;k {ker vksG[krs] fu.kZ; ?ks.;kph lo; ok<ors] Lor%e/khy ‘kDrhyk vksG[kwu rh thoukr dkghrjh izkIr d:u ?ks.;kph /kMiM djrs-
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2- ihfMr efgysph lg&laosnuk%& ihfMr efgyk thou dkS’kY;krhy ygkukr ygku iz’u lq/nk dkGthiwoZd o vf/kd letqrnkji.kkus tk.kwu ?ksrkr brj loZ ifjfLFkrhpk vankt ?ksrkr- brjkaP;k fHkUursph tk.kho djowu ?ksrkr- R;keqGs ,d uohu fo’okl fuekZ.k gksrk3- ihfMr efgykaP;k leL;kaps fujkdj.k%& Lor%P;k vMp.kh o vfuf’prrk ;krwu ekxZ dk<.;kP;k dkS’kY;kpk varHkkZo ^leL;k fujkdj.k* ;k dkS’kY;ke/;s gksrks- ihfMr efgykauh ;s.kkÚ;k vMp.khaoj ekr dj.;klkBh R;koj ljGi.ks o ;ksX; lk/kukapk mi;ksx d:u ?ksrY;kl ;’kLohrk fuekZ.k gksrs- vkRefo’oklkP;k vk/kkjs vkRefuHkZj gks.ks Lor%P;k thoukrhy >kysY;k pqdkapk] leL;kapk ‘kks/k ?ksowu fujkdj.k dj.ks vkRefo’okl ok<o.ks4- ihfMr efgykaph fu.kZ; {kerk%& fu.kZ; Eg.kts lkjklkj fopkjkuarj ,[kknh xks”V dj.;klkBh dsysyk fu’p; gks;- vusd cktwapk fopkj d:u L=hiq<s fuekZ.k >kysY;k leL;sr izkIr ifjfLFkrhr dkghuk dkgh i;kZ; gs vlrkrp ;krwup izkIr ifjfLFkrhr ;ksX; fopkj d:u fu.kZ; ?;kok ykxrks o Lor%P;k {kersuqlkj pkaxyk i;kZ; fuoMkok ykxrks- ;k}kjs Lor%P;k vk;q”;koj] xq.koRrsoj ldkjkRed cny ?kMwu ;srks5- ihfMr efgykapk lqlaokn%& ihfMr efgykauh fopkjkaph v’kkizdkjs nsok.k&?ksok.k dsyh ikfgts dh R;k}kjs vkiys Eg.k.ks] fopkj brjkai;Zar iksgkspfork ;srhy rj vkiY;k leL;k lektkiq<s ekaMY;k ukgh rj R;kP;k udkjkRed ifj.kkr R;kaP;k eukoj gksrks- v’kk udkjkRedrsrwu
O;Drh vkRefo’okl gjowu clrs- Lor%P;k o brjkaP;k cn~ny
ghursph Hkkouk eukr fuekZ.k gksrs- lqlaokn gh tjh tVhy o xqarkxqarhph izfØ;k vlyh rjhgh laoknk}kjs vkiyh cksy.;kph gkrksVh vkiyh eu%fLFkrh brjkaP;k y{kkr ;sbZy v’kh Hkk”kk’kSyh oki:u lqlaokn ?kMfors Eg.kwu lqlaokn gk ekfgrh dkS’kY;klkBh Hkjho ifj.kke lk/kr vlrksCopyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
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6- ihfMr efgykaps vkarjekuoh; O;ogkj%& O;Drh O;DRkhe/khy ijLij lUeku] R;kcn~nyph fu”Bk o izkekf.kdi.kk ;koj vkarjekuoh; O;ogkj vf/kd eksBÓkk izek.kkr voyacwu vlrkr- R;krwup ,desdkaph
xq.koRrk
ok<.;kl
enr
gksrs-
tj
vkarjekuoh;
O;ogkj
rk.k&r.kkokiklwu eqDr vlrhy rj loZt.k ,desdkapk vknj djrkr o ,desdkaP;k xjtk iw.kZ d: ‘kdrkr- ;krwup ijLijkaP;k fopkjkapk vknj ok<hl ykxrks- lek/kkudkjd orZu ?kMrs o izfrdwyrk u”V gksÅu R;koj vuqdwyrsph ekr gksrs7- ihfMr efgykaps l`tukRed fopkj%& l`tukRed fopkj dj.ks Eg.kts fofo/k leL;kaps fparu dj.ks gks;- uohu fopkjkaph fufeZrh gh eukrhy ,dVsi.kkph tk.kho u”V djrs- vkRefuHkZ;rk ok<ors- uohu fopkjk}kjs leL;kaps fujkdj.k gks.;kl enr gksrs- ihfMr efgykauk fofo/k xqarkxqarhP;k ifjfLFkrhrwu ekxZØe.k djkos ykxrs Eg.kwu fofo/k leL;kaps vkdyu gks.ks xjtsps vlrs ;k l`tukRed fparu fopkjkus O;Drh tkLr lkekftd] ize s G o izkekf.kd curs- vkRefuHkZ;rk ok<hl ykxrs- vkuannk;h f’k{k.kkpk ykHk feGrks8- ihfMr efgykaps fpfdRlkRed fopkj%& ihfMr efgykauk leL;kaps fujkdj.k dj.;klkBh lk/kd&ck/kd fopkjkph xjt vlrs- Lor%P;k thoukrhy vuqHko] ekU;rk] n`”Vhdksu o ekfgrhps i`FFkdj.k ;kpk fpfdRlkRed fopkjkr lekos’k gksr s ks- ;ksX; rdZiw.kZ fu.kZ; ?ksrk ;sbZy- Lor% fopkj d:u vkRefuHkZ;rk izkIr gksbZy- ;kizdkjs fpfdRlkRed fopkj ;sFks vfHkizsr vkgs-s 9- ihfMr efgykaP;k Hkkoukaps fujkdj.k%& ihfMr efgykauk izsj.kk feGrs rlsp R;kaP;k okx.;k cksy.;kr vuqdwyrk fuekZ.k gksrs- Hkkofud laosnukeqGs izsj.kk feGrs- Hkkofud vuqdwyrk fuekZ.k >kY;kus
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lkekftd] ckSf/nd vkf.k uSfrd xq.koRrk izkIr gksrs gsp Hkkofud vuqdwyukps egRo gks;10- ihfMr efgykaP;k r.kkokps fujkdj.k%& okrkoj.kkrhy gks.kkÚ;k cnykeqGs] vkOgkukaeqGs vkf.k dkYifud HkhrheqGs fL=;kaP;k ‘kjhjke/;s o euke/;s ts cny ?kMwu ;srkr] R;kauk rk.k vls Eg.krkrvisf{kr ckch okLrokr u vkY;kl r.kkoxzLr fLFkrh fuekZ.k gksrs- HkwrdkGkrhy xks”Vhapk fopkj dsY;kl fujk’kk okVrs- ;kmyV Hkfo”;dkGkrhy xks”Vhaph fpark dsyh rj rk.k fuekZ.k gksrks- lkekU; rk.kr.kko tsOgk eksBÓkk izek.kkr fuekZ.k gksrkr rsOgk rs vf/kd froz curkr- ‘kjhjkyk eukyk ?kkrd Bjrkr- Eg.kwu r.kko nwj dj.;klkBh ifjfLFkrhr cny ?kMowu vk.kkok ykxrks] r.kkokph dkj.ks ‘kks/kwu R;koj ldkjkRed mik;;kstuk djkoh ykxrs- lqlaoknk}kjs r.kkokps fujkdj.k djrk ;srsthou dkS’kY; fodlu o ihfMr efgyk%& Hkkjrh; lektkrhy fL=;kaP;k ifjfLFkrhoj usgehp fyfgys tkrs] ppkZ dsY;k tkrkr- R;ke/;s izlkjek/;es usgehp izlkj djrkr dh vkt Hkkjrkrhy fL=;k osxosxGÓkk {ks=kr vkiyk Blk meVfor vkgsr- ;k izpkjkeqGs fL=;kapk fodkl >kyk vlk Hkze fuekZ.k gksrks- gtkjks o”ksZ fodklkiklwu oafpr vlysyh cgqtu lektkrhy fL=;kaph ifjfLFkrh vktgh cnyysyh ukgh- tkrhO;oLFkk] vKku] va/kJ/nk ;keqGs L=h gh dk;e ekxklysyh vkgs- vktgh f’k{k.k] jkstxkj] vkjksX;kP;k lqfo/kk o vusd eqyHkwr vf/kdkjkiklwu L=h oafpr vkgs- ihfMr fL=;kalkBh lektkps o f’k{k.kkps izfrfuf/kRo ok<or usÅup ihfMr o ‘kksf”kr leLr fL=;kapk fodkl ?kMowu vk.k.;kps dke djkos ykxsy gs lR; Lohdkjkos ykxsyf’k{kdkph Hkwfedk & fL=;kaP;k f’k{k.kklkBh ikydkaphp ekufldrk cny.ks vko’;d vkgsts.ksd:u fL=;kaP;k f’k{k.k [kaMhr gks.kkj ukghCopyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies
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eqyhaP;k lqjf{krrslkBh fu;e gosr] R;kph dMd vaeyctko.kh djkohfL=;kauk U;k; feGowu |kok eqyhauk O;kolkf;d f’k{k.kklkBh] Lor%P;k ik;koj mHks jkgwu vkfFkZd mRiUu feGfo.;kph {kerk fuekZ.k djkoh f’k{kdkauh fL=;kauk eqyhauk fofo/k miØekae/;s lgHkkxh gks.;kph la/kh nsÅu R;kapk vkRefo’okl ok<okok- mnk- m|ksxkauk HksVh ns.ks] rKkaP;k eqyk[krh ?ks.ks f’k{kdkauh ‘kkldh; ;kstukaph ekfgrh fL=;kauk |koh xzkeh.k] ‘kgjh leL;k o vMp.kh osxosxGÓkk vkgsr R;k leL;kaoj f’k{kdkaP;k la’kks/kukph xjt vkgs ‘kkys; Lrjkiklwup fo|kFkhZ n’kse/;s vi;’kkaoj ekr dj.;kph lo; ykokohfu”d”kZ& 1- ihfMr efgykapk fodkl izfØ;sr lgHkkx fuekZ.k Ogkok vls f’k{k.k feGkos2- ihfMr efgykaph Lo&ladYiuk tkx`r djkoh 3- xzkeh.k nsookn] va/kJ/nk] nkfjnzÓk] fuj{kjrk ;k leL;k nwj dj.kkjs f’k{k.k fuekZ.k Ogkos4- ihfMr efgykaojhy gks.kkjs vU;k; nwj dj.;klkBh dMd fu;ekaph o dk;|kaph vaeyctko.kh djkoh5- ihfMr efgykauk vkRefuHkZ; cuowu jk”Vª fufeZrhlkBh o ns’kkP;k fodklklkBh mi;ksxh Lo;ajkstxkj fuekZ.k OgkosrlanHkZlwph%& Dr. Patel Manoj, 2010, 21st Century Human Right and Education, Anand, Gujrat, Darpan Prakashan.
[kjkr vk- ik- 1988] izxr ‘kS{kf.kd ekul’kkL=] iq.ks] Jhfo|k izdk’ku MkW- Hkkslys jek] MkW- Mks.ks mToyk] f’k{k.kkrhy cnyrs fopkj izokg] dksYgkiwj] QMds izdk’ku izk- vkopj lhek] 2010] fo’ks”k f’k{k.k] iq.ks] fuR;uwru izdk’ku ;kstuk ekfld vad 5 ok fMlsca j] 2013 ldkG vgenuxj vko`Ùkh] fn- 18 tkusokjh 2014 Copyright © 2017, Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies