{}üüÍÛm-zôh-Ám-¢¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhüü
Glossary of Standardised Terms
Serial 16
Tibetan Terminology Project, Department of Education/CTA 2022
{}üüÍÛm-zôh-Ám-¢¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhüü
hïz-yïP-zTß-iâG-qü
(PïÅ-±ÛG-¤Z¤-£GÅü)
uÛ-Ez-¯ô¤-OÛG-qü Íô-Mm-zÇem-º²Ûmü
¯ô¤-OÛG-¾Å-¼ôGÅü
hzÞ-¤-z-ºyÛm-¾Åü zÇem-º²Ûm-¼zMÅü PG-hzP-zÇem-º²Ûmü
;¤-qÞ‡¼-uÛ-Oô¤-¾¤-Çeôm-qü qj¨-º²ô¤Å-BÛhü
¤Zïm-VÅ-ÇÀôz-Çeôm-qü
Lm-„Àô-z¸P-Ǩôm-¾¤ü hGï-ºhÝm-hôm-»ôhü
Glossary of Standardised Terms
(with Tibetan definitions)
Chief editor: Urgyen Tenzin,
Assistant editors: Thinlay Umawa, Tenzin Rapgyal, Ngawang Tenzin
Database consultant: Pema Zomkyi
Software consultants: ven. Lobsang Monlam, Gedun Dhonyoe
ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-¾Å-DÞPÅü
zl-Vh-hïz-yïP-zTß-iâG-qü
q¼-GŸÛ-hP-qôü 2022
hïz-IPÅü 500
q¼-Cæm-hP-±ôP-ºIï¤Åü
ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-q¼-DP.ü
Copy right DoE/CTA
TTP Serial 16
First edition 2022
500 copies
Printing & distribution
Sherig Parkhang Trust
email : shepardelhi@gmail.com
hïz-yïP-ºhÛ¼-ºDôh-qºÛ-f-ljh-n¤Å-ÁïÅ-¼ÛG-zl-Vh-±m-qºÛ-iÔ-GmÅ-
www.tibterminology.net mÅ-º±ô¾-zÁï¼-‚ïh-fÞzü
Supported by: Danish International Development Assistance (DANIDA) through Community for International Cooperation in Education and Development (CICED), Denmark.
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hïz-yïP-hP-qôºÛ-Vïh-zXôhü .............................................................................................
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Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhü ................................................................................................... 1
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Pô-vôh-ljÛP-zÇkÝÅü
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jË-Å-zôh-ˆÛ-hqï-¤²ôh-DP.ü
hPôÅ-ÅÞ-¤Z¤-ŸÝGÅ-Çkï-DG
¼ÛG-GmÅ-±m-qü
º²Ûm-BôP.ü hPôÅ-D¤Åü
GÅô-z-¼ÛG-qü Ç+¼-¯ÛÅü ¯Û-ÁÛP.ü
hPôÅ-D¤Åü
¼ÛG-GmÅ-±m-q-Åô-ÅôºÛ-zÇkÝÅ-»ÛG
Abbreviations
acc. Accountancy ¯ÛÅ-qºÛ-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
adm. Administration º²Ûm-BôP-ü
aeron. Aeronautical
Gm¤-Iâ-z¸ô-z;ôh-ˆÛ-¼ÛG-GmÅü
agric. Agriculture Åô-m¤-ŸÛP-¾Åü
alg. Algebra ±z-¯ÛÅü
anat. Anatomy ‚P-DôG-¾ÞÅ-fÛG
anthrop. Anthropology ¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-hrh-ŸÛz-¼ÛG-qü
archaeol. Archaeology
Gmº-hÝÅ-ˆÛ-Áݾ-µÅ-hrh-¼ÛG
archit. Architecture DP-z¸ô-hP-ͼ-¾Å-ˆÛ-z;ôh-qü
arv Archives »ÛG-¤²ôhü
astrol. Astrology Ç+¼-¯ÛÅü
astron. Astronomy Gm¤-¼ÛG arith. Arithmetic ÍP-¯ÛÅü
aviat. Aviation Gm¤-IâºÛ-¼ÛG-¯¾ü
bacteriol. Bacteriology y-ÆÛm-hrh-¼ÛG
biochem. Biochemistry Bï-hPôÅ-µÅ-¢ô¼ü biol. Biology Bï-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qü
bind. Book Binding hqï-hïz-ºGô-º±ï¤Åü
bot. Botany ¯Û-ÁÛP-¼ÛG-qü
ca. cultural anthropology ¼ÛG-GŸÝP-hP-¤Û-¼ÛGÅ-hrh-ŸÛzü
chem. Chemistry µÅ-¢ô¼-¼ÛG-qü
cine. Cinematography JÀôG-z½‰m-¾Å-¼ÛG
com Commerce ±ôP-¼ÛG
comn. Communication zl-ºyÛmü
compt. sc. Computer Science ;¤-qÞ-‡¼-±m-¼ÛG
dent. Dentistry ÅôºÛ-zTôÅ-fzÅü
eco. Ecology Çoôh-zTßh-¼ÛG-qü
econ. Economics hq¾-º‚ô¼ü
edu. Education ÁïÅ-»ômü
electr. Electrical JÀôG
embryol. Embryology £æ¤-ÆÛP-hrh-¼ÛG
engn. Engineering z¸ô-¼ÛG-ºV¼-ºGôhü
etymol. Etymology f-ljh-¼ÛG-qü
entomol. Entomology ºzÞ-ÆÛm-hrh-¼ÛG
environ. Environment Dô¼-»ÞG
fa. Fine arts wÞ¾-‚ãP-Nå-¯¾ü gene. Genetics ¼ÛGÅ-Mãm-hrh-ŸÛz-¼ÛG-qü
geog. Geography Å-MãÅ-¼ÛG-qü
geol. Geology Å-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
geom. Geometry fÛG-z;ôh-¯ÛÅ-¼ÛG
gym. Gymnastics ¯¾-¢ôP-¼ÛG-GmÅü
his. Historical ¾ô-MãÅü ‚ÝP-¼zÅü
hort. Horticulture Bïh-±¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
ins Insurance ºGm-zTô¾ü
jrn. Journalism Gż-ºGôh-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
law. Law FÛ¤Å-¾ÞGÅü
lib. Library hqï-¤²ôhü
ling. Linguistics Ç+h-¼ÛGÅ-¼ÛG-GmÅü
lit. Literature ¯ô¤-¼ÛG-Nå-¯¾ü
math. Mathematics ¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-¼ÛG-GmÅü
mech. Mechanic(al) ºyâ¾-¼ÛG-z¸ô-¾Åü
med. Medicine Ǩm-hP-Ǩm-zTôÅü
metall. Metallurgy ¿UGÅ-¼ÛG-hrh-ŸÛz-¼ÛG-GmÅü
meteor. Meteorology Gm¤-GÁÛÅ-zdG-hrhü
mil. Military h¤G-hqÞP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-zl-Vhü
mine. Mineralogy Gbï¼-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qü
mus. Music ¼ô¾-¤ôü
myth. Mythology ¿Ë-OæP-ü naut. Nautical Iâ-G¸ÛPÅ-hP-Vß-ºIâ¾-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
nav. Naval ¤±ô-h¤G
neurosci. Neuroscience hzP-¯ºÛ-±m-¼ÛG
numis. Numismatics ‡¤-;ºÛ-z;ôh-¼ÛGÅü
opt. Optical ºôh-hP-ÇoP-Áï¾ü
ornith. Ornithology ºhz-VGÅ-hrh-¼ÛG
paint. Painting ¿Ë-ƒÛÅ-hP-¼Û-¤ôü
palaeon. Paleontology Ghôh-¤ºÛ-ÆôG-VGÅ-hP-Bï-hPôÅ-¼ÛG-qü parl. Parliamentary IôÅ-±ôGÅü
path. Pathology mh-hP-mh-ˆÛ-GZïm-qô-zÇeïm-fzÅü
phil. Philosophy ¿e-z-hP-Iâz-¤fºÛ-zl-Vhü
phon. Phonetics O-GhPÅ-¼ÛG-qü
photo. Photography z½‰m-q¼-¼ÛG-qü
phys. Physics hPôÅ-D¤Å-¼ÛG-qü
physiol. Physiology G¸ÞGÅ-D¤Å-hrh-¼ÛG
poet. Poetics ljm-PG
pol. Politics ÆÛh-hômü
prn. Printing q¼-Cæmü
psy-anal. Psychoanalysis Åï¤Å-D¤Å-hrh-¼ÛG
psycho. Psychology zŤ-„ÀôºÛ-±m-¼ÛG
pub. Publications q¼-Cæm-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
rhet. Rhetorics Mm-HÛ-zÇem-zTôÅü
rel. Religion VôÅ-¾ÞGÅü
rockt. Rocketry ¤ï-ÁÝGÅ-wÞ¼-¤hºÛ-¼ÛG-¯¾ü
sculpt. Sculpture @ôÅ-h=ô¾-¼ÛG-qü
seism Seismology Å-»ô¤-hrh-¼ÛG
soc. Sociology uÛ-±ôGÅ-¼ÛG-qü
sport. Sports ¯ïh-¼ÛGÅü
stat. Statistics Çkô¤Å-zÁhü
surg. Surgery GÁG-zTôÅü
tech. Technical ºyݾ-¾Å-hP-z¸ô-¾Å-¾G-¯¾ü
technol. Technology z¸ô-¯¾-¼ÛG-qü
telecom. Telecommunications MP-ºyÛm-¾Å-¼ÛGÅü
theatr. Theatrical ¹ôÅ-G¼ü
theol. Theology ¿ËºÛ-n¤-GŸG
trans. Transportation ºIÛ¤-ºIâ¾ü
trig. Trigonometry ¸Þ¼-GÅÞ¤-¯ÛÅ-¼ÛG
typo. Typography ¿UGÅ-q¼-OÛG-z;ôhü
vet. Veterinary xãGÅ-mh-GÅô-¼ÛG
Weapn. Weaponry Gô-¤±ômü
zool. Zoology
ÆôG-VGÅ-±m-¼ÛG
xx DÞPÅ-D-Gž-¤ïh-qü
+* ºWâG-»Þ¾-¤P.ü
ÍÛm-zôh-Ám-¢¼-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-zl-Vhü
GLOSSARY OF STANDARDISED TERM
abdomen
abdominal
cavity
abetment
absolutism
absolutist
absorption
abusive
language
academic
program
academic qualification
edu
academic
session
edu
edu,adm
acoustics
action
acute
acute
phys
adapt adaptive learning
psycho
adiabatic change
adjuvant therapy
adm,edu
administra-
tive approval
phys med adm
དངོས་གཞི་བྱས་པའི་རྗེས་སུ་ནད་ལོག་མ་ བརྒྱབ་པའི་ཆེད་དུ་ཤུལ་ལྷག་འབྲས་ནད་
administra-
tive power admission fee
adm
admission
form admission
test
edu,adm
admit card
edu,adm
adolescent growth spurt
adm,edu
adoptee
adm,edu psycho soc
adult franchise
advance copy advance order advance placement program advocate general age-sex
structure
edu,adm
agricultural education agricultural marketing
agropastoralist
aims and objective
air bridge air broker
air mattress
air
alchemist
soc,ca
alcoholic cardiomyopathy
algorithm
all-terrain
vehicle
alopecia areata
alopecia
alopecia
totali alternative education alternative hypothesis
edu,adm
ambivert
amenity kit
amniocen-
tesis
ampersand anabolic reaction
anal
sphincter animal ecology anterior
anterior pituitary gland
anti-bias
anti-bias curriculum
anti-hunt
anti-poaching
anti-politics
antipsychot-
ics antipyretic
antique shop
anti-tank
anxiety
disorder
aorta
aphotic zone
aplomb
appetite
appetizer
apple juice
apricot
aquaponics
aquatic biome
aqueous solution
aquifer
archery
arete
arithmometer
armed rebellion
arraign
arteriole
arteritis
artificial selection
asian persimmon assimilation
assistant
referee
asterisk
asterisms
astrophysics at
atomic
audacity
རུང་བའི་ཕྱི་ལྤགས་འཇམ་རྩུབ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ ཤིང་འབྲས་ལིའི་དབྱིབས་ཅན་ཞིག
backhoe backing
dancer
bacterial infection bacterial
toxin
cine
bad touch
biol
bagel
biol
baggage allowance
baggage car
balance
inquiry
balanced forces
ballet
Band-Aid
band-aid solution
bandleader
banknote
bar
association
barge
བརྟེན་ནས་རང་བྱུང་ཁོར་ཡུག་ནང་འཚོ་ གནས་བྱེད་མཁན་གྱི་སྲོག་ཆགས་ལ་གནོད་
bête noire
Bible
bibliographer
bicameral system
Big Brother
big game
psycho rel lib pol soc soc,ca
biological
classification
biological molecules biological system
biol
biological weapon
biol
bioluminescence
biol
biol
blood
bluetooth
board book
med edu
board of education
boatman
soc psycho blurry vision
body positivity
adm,edu
ཆུང་ངམ་ཟུར་འདོན་བྱས་ཏེ་སྐྱེས་པ་ཕོས་
མཐུད་མཚམས་རྣམས་ཉམས་ནས་དོན་ དངོས་ཐོག་ཀླད་པ་དེ་ཇེ་ཆུང་དུ་འགྲོ་བ་ཡིན། ཀླད་པའི་ཕུང་གྲུབ་ཏུ་ཡོད་པའི་ཕྲ་ཕུང་ཞིག
brain hemorrhage
brain plasticity
neurosci.
neurosci.
brain rhythm
neurosci.
brain-scan bread
cadastral
cardiomyopathy cardiovascu-
lar system
carditis career coach
career counseling
career counselor
career development
med biol med adm edu edu edu
casework
cash counter
cash market
com,econ
cash prize
cash register
cell
cytoplasm
centigrade
thermometer
centimeter
central
dogma
central
neuron
central
sensitization
cephalization
neurosci.
cepheid vari-
able star
cerebral ventricle
phys
certified copy
neurosci.
chandelier
changing
room
character
certificate
charter bus
charter flight
chassis
number
chatbot
check-by-
phone
checked in baggage
checkoff system
cheek chemistry
education chemosyn-
thesis
chess
chest
chin
chinese date
chinese quince
ལོ་མང་སྐྱེ་བའི་སྡོང་འབྲིང་ཤིང་གི་རིགས་ ཤིག་ཡིན་པ་དང་ཉི་ཧོང་གི་སེ་ཡབ་སྡོང་པོ་
chinese
peach
chitin
cholecystec-
tomy
chorionic
lus sampling
choroiditis
cider
circumstantial evidence
citric acid cycle
classical education
classroombased assessment
clear-headed
clear-sighted
cleft
clerical
clonal
clonal
close
co-founder
cognitive
neuroscience
adm neurosci.
cognitive
psychology
cold
collective responsibility
psycho
med soc adm adm adm adm comparative embryology compatriot compensatory allowance compensatory leave competencybased assessment competive bidding
computeraided learn-
ing (CAL)
concept mapping
conch
conditioning
phys adm xx biol phys conduction electrons conflict management congenital connective tissue conservation of momentum
དབྱིབས་དང་དེའི་དབང་པོ་རྣམས་སོར་ གནས་བྱེད་དུ་འཇུག་ཅིང་།
constellation
consumer protection
content
analysis
contingency
allowance
contraceptive
injection contraceptive
pill
contralateral
convince cooler cooperative education
co-operative
education
coordinate axis
correction
fluid pen
ལག་ལེན་དངོས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ནས་ཤེས་པར་བྱ་ བའི་ཐབས་ལམ་གཉིས་ཟུང་དུ་འབྲེལ་བའི་ སྒོ་ནས་ཤེས་ཡོན་སློབ་ཁྲིད་བྱེད་སྟངས་ཤིག འབྲེལ་གནས་མ་ལག་ཅིག་ཏུ་ཕྱོགས་ཆ་
corrupt practice
cosmetic
cosmetic box
cosponsor
cotton ball
cotton wick counterfeit
currency couples therapy
cross-voting
cruise director
པར་བྱེད་པའི་མཐོ་རིམ་དཔོན་རིགས།
cryoprobe
cryotherapy
CT scanning cultural humility
soc,ca
curtain-raiser
custard
cyberactor
ལུས་པོ་དམར་ཧྲེང་སོགས་ཀྱི་པར་རིས་ དྲྭ་རྒྱའི་བརྒྱུད་བཏང་སྟེ་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་བྱེད་
daily life
dam
date /date palm
dawn
dealing
officer
death
gratuity
death
death
deauthoriza-
tion debt management
decertification deciding factor decisionmaking decisionmaking body decisionmaking unit
defibrillation
defibrillator
degeneracy
pressure
delivery
delivery
delivery
delivery note
delivery
point
delivery
receipt
denervation
dental care
unit
dental pick
dental pulp
deoxygen-
ated blood
depilatory
cream deplatform
deposit
feeder
གི་མཐིལ་དུ་བསགས་པའི་སྙིགས་རོ་དང་ སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གྱི་དངོས་རྫས་གཞན་ཟས་སུ་སྤྱོད་
dermabrasion
destroyer
detoxification
detoxify
detritus
developmen-
tal biology
deviated na-
sal septum
devotion
duty
dextrocardia
diaper
dictionary
differentiated instruction
soc,ca adm law adm adm digital nomad diplomatic bag
direct evidence directorate disciplinary action
ཚགས་བྱེད་སའི་དཔེ་མཛོད་ཁང་།
གནས་འདྲ་མིན་དུ་དྲྭ་ཐོག་ནས་ལས་ཀ་བྱས་
ཏེ་ཡོང་འབབ་གསོག་མཁན་གྱི་གང་ཟག
dishwasher
disposable
disruptive
selection
distal
diurnal
diverging
lens
division sign
dollar sign
dopamine
dorsalis pedis
artery
dorsum of
foot
dorsum of
hand
double chin
dropping
bottle
drug pusher
drug therapy
druggist
drum major
dry
duct
dysphoria
earshot
earth
earthing
easel
easy
easy-going
eatery
echinoderm
echolocation
ecological balance
ecological succession
ecto-
derm
ectopic pregnancy
ectotherm
eddy
editing room education
policy
edu
edu edu
འཆར་གཞི་འགོད་སྟངས་ཐད་རོགས་སྐྱོར་
དང་ལམ་སྟོན་བྱེད་པའི་དམིགས་བསལ་
edu
edu
educational
leadership
educational
psychology
edu,adm
educational
research
edu,psycho
educational
software
edu
eel
edu
effector cell
effector
protein
e-filing
electric
clipper
electric fence
electric shield
electric shock
electrical force
electromagnetic spectrum
electron micrograph
electron
microscope
electron volt
electronic bracelet
electronic commerce electronic dictionary
electronic fil-
ing system
electronic
synthesizer
electronica
electroweak force
elitism
elitist
elliptical galaxy
embryogen-
esis
embryonic
neural tube
emergency
notification
system
emergency
text alert
system
emotional memory
empiricist
end table
endocytosis
endoderm
endogenous
endomysium
endospore
endothelium
energy
energy
management
enervation
epicure
epidermis
epimysium
epistatic gene
epithelial membrane
epithelial
tissue
epithelium
epizootic
equals sign
eraser
erythrocyte
examination
centre
examination
hall
examinee
edu,adm
examiner
adm,edu
exaptation
adm,edu
excavator
adm,edu
exchange student
expansionism expansionist
adm,edu
external carotid artery
adm,pol
external force
adm,pol
external
jugular vein
extracurricu-
lar
eye disorder
eye infection
eyelid margin
eye-opening
facial wash
faction
factor
faeces
fair
family
fatigue
fault-finding
feature
feeding tube
female entrepreneur
fence
fetal alcohol
syndrome
fetal distress fever
fiberscope
fibre board
field study fig
ལས་ཁུངས་སམ་བརྟག་དཔྱད་ཁང་དུ་མ་ ཡིན་པར་བསླབ་གཞིའི་ནང་དོན་ནམ།
filtered water
finger food
finger lime
firebreak
rod
fixed-term
fixed-term
contract
flatulence
floatplane
fly leaf
flying hours
flying squad
flying squirrel
flying visit
foeticide
food court
Foreign
forenoon
forethought
formal education
fox grape
free climbing
free delivery
free
freedom
edu,adm
freedom
freedom
freedom of the press
freedom of
the press
frontline service
frontline worker
full board
full marks
fulminant
funeral director
futurism
fyi (for your information)
galactic disk
gamekeeper
gamekeeper
gamma rays
gang war
gangsterism
garden shears
garden
trowel
garlic press
gasoline
gastrectomy
gastric gland
gastric juice
gastronomy
gastroscope
gauge
pressure
gay rights
gay rights
gel pen
gender responsive pedagogy
gene expression
gene mapping
gene therapy
fingerprint
ཏེ་གནད་དོན་ཞུ་གཏུག་བྱ་རྒྱུར་བསྐོས་པའི་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ཞུ་རྩོད་པ་ཞིག འཁོར་སྐར་མང་པོ་ནས་བླངས་པའི་བརྡ་ འཕྲིན་གཞི་ལ་བཞག་སྟེ་གོ་ལའི་ཁྱོན་ཡོངས་
great-grand-
father great-grand-
mother great-grand-
son green trans-
portation
haemateme-
sis haematoma
haemorrhoids
hailstone
hair follicle
hair
straighteners
half board
hallucination
handism
hang-glider
headrest
headword
hemarthrosis
hepatectomy
hepatic portal system
hepatoma
hepatomegaly
hermitage
heterosexuality
high season
high tide
high-resolution image
high-tech
himalayan
strawberry
hip bath
hirsutism
histrionic
histrionic
hog plum
holiday camp
holiday home
home address
home
banking
homemaking
hot news
hot-air
balloon
hothouse
hotline
housemaster
hubcap
humidifier
hunter-
gatherer
huntsman
hypoglyce-
mia hypothermia
hypoxemia
hysterectomy
iced tea
IDC (I don’t care)
infarction
inferior
inferior nasal concha
infestation
information
management
information
manager
infusion pump infusion pump
inguinal ligament inhaler
initial public offering inkpot inotropes
148
insemination
ཁྲོམ་རའི་ནང་མ་རྩ་གཏོང་མཁན་རྣམས་ལ་
ཚོང་སྒྱུར་བྱེད་འགོ་འཛུགས་པའི་བྱ་གཞག སྣག་ཚ་ཉར་སའི་དམ་བི་ཆུང་ངུ་ཞིག
instructional design
instructional material
edu
instructional television
edu
instrumental learning insulin pen
edu
edu
ལས་གཞི་གཉེར་མཁན་གྱི་ཀམ་པ་ཎི་ཞིག ཀམ་པུ་ཊར་དང་གློག་འཕྲུལ་བརྒྱུད་ལམ་
job hopper
job hunt
job interview
job market
job
job proposal
kelp keratometer
kettledrum keyboard
kidney stone
kidney transplantation
kinetic theory
kinetic
theory of gas
king coconut
kiwi fruit med med phys phys bot bot
Krebs
kumquat
laceration
lacrimal
late afternoon
lateral column
lateral
lawnmower
leak
learning
difficulties
learning
disability
learning management system
adm,pol psycho psycho edu
learning ma-
nagenment
edu
less than sign
lesser sciatic foramen liaison officer
literacy
learning
edu
literacy
edu
literary
literary
literary
executor
edu
machine shop
machine tool
macular
degeneration
magnetic domain
magnetic
magnetic
manpower utilization
mareograph
adm,pol
marine biology
marriage
bureau
marsupial
mass extinction
medication
memory cell memory
lapses
menarche
meningitis
menswear
mental abuse
mentor-men-
tee relationship
mesencephalon
རིམ་སྐབས་དགོས་པའི་རྫས་རིགས། རང་གི་བསམ་ཕྱོགས་ཇི་ལྟ་བ་བཞིན་མ་ནོར་
tion
microbe
microsurgery
middle
midwifery
mouthwash
movable
property
mulberry
mutant
mutualism
mycosis
mydriasis mydriatic
myelination
གཤེར་ཁུ་ཕྲན་ཙམ་ཞིག་སྨན་ཁབ་སྲབ་
negative ion
neocortex
neology
neonatologist
neonatology
nephrectomy
nephrolithotomy phys
neurosci. ling,lang
nerve
net force
neural
neural network
neural
neurogenesis
neuroimmunology
neurology
neuropeptide
neuropharmacology
neuroplasticity
neuroscientist
neurotrans-
mitter
nonage
noncommittal
non-commit-
talism
non-disclo-
sure agreement
གྲགས་སུ་འགྱུར་པའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཤིག
oculomotor
nerves
office politics
official duty
official letter
offspring
ointment
olfactory nerves
one-man
opening
batsman
operant
conditioning
operating
copy
orthographer
orthopaedics
orthopaedist
oscillatory
osteomyelitis
osteosarcoma
osteosclerosis
paperless
filing
paperweight
papilloma par excellence paranoia paranoid
paraphrase
parental leave
parliamentary law
adm,pol
participant observation
part-time job
pol adm xx
བསམ་ཚུལ་ཁག་མྱོང་བའི་ལམ་ནས་ཤེས་ རྟོགས་ཐུབ་རྒྱུར་ལྟ་ཞིབ་བྱས་པའི་སྤུས་ཚད་
partygoer
passing-out
passion
pedagogue
pedicab
pencil
sharpener pen-down
པར་བྱེད་པའི་ཡོ་ཆས་ཤིག ལས་བདག་དང་ལས་མིའི་དབར་མཚན་ རྟགས་བཀོད་པའི་ཡིག་ཆའམ།
penile func-
penile implant peninsula
peregrination
perforation performance-
ནས་དུས་ཡུན་རིང་པོ་ཞིག་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་དམ་
གནས་སྡོད་བྱེད་སའི་ཁ་བྱང་།
pharangeal
phlebothrom-
bosis
phobia phone
photogeol-
ogy
photojournalist
photophobia
phototherapy
phylogeny
pica
pickup truck
pigment cell
post-menstrual syndrome
postmenstrual syndrome
postmidnight
postpartum infections
pound sign
power ballad
power button
power play
med astron med com psycho mech sport
price ceiling
com,econ
price
fluctuation
com,econ
pricing model
pricing strategy
adm,com
principal investigator
adm,com
adm
private tutor
edu
probiotic
proctoscopy
proctoscpoe
product launch
product
launch
project
control
project
engineer
project
manager
project
officer
project
planning
adm,com
project
proposal
adm adm adm adm adm
prosopagno-
sia
protozoan
proximal
psychiatrist
psychological disorder
psychoneuroimmunology
སེམས་མྱོང་གིས་ལུས་ཟུངས་མ་ལག་ལ་
བའི་གསོ་དཔྱད་རིག་པའི་སྡེ་ཚན་ཞིག
psychopath
public face
public
public opin-
puerperal
sepsis
pulmonary
artery pulmonary circulation
pulmonary
trunk
pundit/pandit
purveyor
pus
state
question
rabble-rouser
radiometry
raincoat
raindrop
ranger station
དཔྱད་དེ་མཐའ་བསྡོམས་ཤིག་འགོད་པར་
reconstruc-
tive surgery
recording room recurring expenditure
reflective practice
rehabilation centre
religious
police
remarks column
remarks
column reproductive system
re-research
research
article
research
centre
research
paper reservoir
residential
address respiratory arrest responsiveness
restructure
retina
retinal scanner
retinal scanning
retinal scanning
retinitis
retinitis
retinopathy
retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) retirement
gratuity retirement plan
return on investment
adm,com
rev counter
right-hand man
right-hand man
rigorous research
ring binder
river mouth
riverbank
rock climbing
rotation
run rate
run rate
runner
ruppe sign
rupture rural development
safety net
safety pin
sailboat
sales
assistant salivary glands
salpingec-
tomy
salpingitis
salpingography
salpingolysis
salpingolysis
saltwater
saltwater
sandboarding
sanitary nap-
kin incinera-
tor machine
sanitary nap-
kin vending machine
sapodilla
sausage
scale
scalp
scalpel
scammer
school life
school
voucher
schoolmaster
schoolmis-
tress
scientology
sclera
sclera
scrapes
sculptor
sea change
sea buckthorn
seachanger
seamount
seaquake
seascape
seasonal affective
disorder
ནམ་ཟླ་གང་ཞིག་གི་སྐབས་སུ་ཉི་འོད་མོག་
པའི་གནས་སྟངས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཡིད་ཞུམ།
second
generation
security risk
selenography
self directed learning
self directed learning
self awareness
edu
self knowledge self-pay
psycho
edu
com,econ
sell-by date
com,econ
sensory
nerve
neurosci.
sensory organ
neurosci.
sepsis
med
septal defect
session
musician
sexologist
sexual addiction
shelf life
shopping bag
short term memory
short term memory
short-term debt
short-term gain
showboating
showerhead
sick leave
sickle cell
sigmoidoscopy
smoke detector
smoke detector
smoke shop
smoking pipe smuggler
snowflake
soak pit
social animal
262
social audit
social care
social
sociopath soft
soft-spoken
འབྱུང་བའི་ཆེད་དུ་བར་སྣང་ཁམས་སུ་རྒྱང་ བཀོལ་ཡོ་ཆས་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་སྟངས་འཛིན་
speed of light
sperm bank
spermatogenesis
spermicide
sphenoidal
bone
sphenoidal
fontanelle
sphygmoma-
nometer
spindle cell
265
spindle cell
spongy
starfruit
starfruit
starred
message
stay-at-home
stepladder
stewardess
stewardship
sticky note
stillbirth
sting-ray
stockbroker
stomach
ulcer
stopover
stump
stylist
subclavicular
subsistence
diet
suction
superficial
supertax
supplemen-
tary grant
supply chain
supply
teacher
supply-side
economics
support net-
work xx
com,econ
com,econ com
edu
com,econ
adm
support network
supraclavicular
supraclavicular
supraclavicular fossa
surfboat suspension
sweep
sweet tooth
synaptic potential
synaptic vesicle
syndactyly
syringe
table lamp
tag game
tag game
tailgate
tailpipe takeaway
talk therapy
tapeworm
tardiness
tea set
teacher effect
teacher eligi-
bility test
teacher’s pet
team foul
tear duct
technical foul
technical term
techno
technobabble
technocrat
technologist
televoting
temple
tender notice
tennis racket
tension
headache
tensor
teratogen
term of art
term of office
terminal
Test match
textbook
editor
thanksgiving
theme
theoretical
physics
theory of mind
theory of mind
therapy
thermal
contact
thermal
energy
thesis
defence
thoracoscopy
thoracotomy
thoraxic
cavity thought process thought reform
throat
thrombec-
tomy
thumbnail
thyroid cell
tic-tac-toe
timeshare
tongue
depressor
tonsillitis
tonsils
toolbox
top ten
top-secret
toss
touch base
tour guide
tourist visa
tourniquet
tourniquet
འགྲིམ་འགྲུལ་གྱི་བདེ་འཇགས་ཆེད་གུ་དོག་
transection
fee transformation of energy
travel ban
treadmill
tremor
trespasser
trespasser
289 undercarriage tug of love
tympanoplasty
unanimous decision
unclaimed baggage unconsciousness
undated undercarriage soc med adm,pol adm psycho adm xx
underpopulation
underpopulation under valuation unicycle uninvited guest unipotent
universal donor
upper body
upper torso
anat
upskill
edu
urethritis
med
use and throw
adm
use by date
com,econ
uvulitis
med
vaccine passport
vaccine passport
adm
vehicle registration
certificate
veisalgia
ventriloquism
ventriloquist
vertebral artery
vesicle
vesicle
vestibular hypofunction
vestibular
hypofunction
video assis-
tant referee
viewpoint
visitation
rights
volcanic
earthquake
volcanic eruption
volcanologist
volte-face
voluntourism
vomer
voting rights
voting rights
voyeurism
wailing wall waitress
wall lantern
wanderlust
war baby
warhead
waste
water
waterbus
watercolor
ways and means
weather radar
weatherproof
webchat
webroom
wedding
ceremony adm xx com,econ compt.sc compt.sc soc,ca
weekend
weightism
wheelbarrow wheelie
wild boar
windscreen
wiper
windstorm
wireless
microphone
womenswear
woofer
word
mouth
word
year-round youth hostelling zone out
PRINCIPLES FOR EVOLUTION OF TERMINOLOGY APPROVED BY THE COMMISSION FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY
MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
(Department of Education)
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
1. ‘International terms’ should be adopted in their current English forms, as far as possible, and transliterated in Hindi and other Indian Languages according to their genius. The following should be taken as examples of international terms:
a) Names of elements and compounds, e.g. Hydrogen, Carbondioxide etc.
b) Units of weights, measures and physical quantities e.g. dyne, calorie, ampere etc.
c) Terms based on proper names e.g. marxism (Karl Marx), braille (Braille), boycott (Capt. Boycott), guillotine (Dr. Guillotin), gerrymander (Mr. Gerry), ampere (Mr. Ampere), fahrenheit scale (Mr. Fahrenheit), etc.
d) Binomial nomenclature in such sciences as Botany, Zoology, Geology, etc.
e) Constants, e.g.; π, g, etc.
f) Words like Radio, Petrol, Radar, Electron, Proton, Neutron, etc., which have gained practically world-wide usage
g) Numerals, symbols, signs and formulae used in mathematics and other sciences e.g., sin, cos, tan, log etc. (Letters used in mathematical operations should be in Roman or Greek alphabets)
2. The symbols will remain in international form written in Roman script, but abbreviations may be written in Nagari and standardised form, specially for common weights and measures, e.g. the symbol ‘cm’ for centimeter will be used as such in Hindi, but the abbreviation in Nagari may be ls-eh- This will apply to books for children and other popular works only, but in standard works of science and technology, the international symbols only, like cm., should be used.
3. Letters of Indian scripts may be used in geometrical figures e.g., d, [k, x or v, c, l but only letters of Roman and Greek alphabets should be used in trignometrical relations e.g., sin A, cos B etc.
4. Conceptual terms should generally be translated.
5. In the selection of Hindi equivalents simplicity, precision of meaning and easy intelligibility should be born in mind. Obscurantism and purism may be avoided.
6. The aim should be to achieve maximum possible identity in all Indian languages by selecting terms: a) common to as many of the regional languages as possible, and b) based on Sanskrit roots.
7. Indigenous terms, which have come into vogue in our languages for certain technical words of common use, as rkj for telegraph/telegram, egk}hi for continent, Mkd for post etc., should be retained.
8. Such loan words from English, Portuguese, French etc., as have gained wide currency in Indian languages should be retained e.g., ticket, signal, pension, police, bureau, restaurant, deluxe etc.
9. Transliteration of International terms into Devanagari Script: The transliteration of English terms should not be made so complex as to necessitate the introduction of new signs and symbols in the present Devanagari characters. The Devanagari rendering of English terms should aim at maximum approximation to the standard English pronunciation with such modifications as prevalent amongst the educated circle in India.
10. Gender: The International terms adopted in Hindi should be used in the masculine gender, unless there are compelling reasons to the contrary.
11. Hybrid formation: Hybrid forms in technical terminologies e.g., xjafVr for ‘guaranteed’ Dykfldh for ‘classical’, dksM+dkj for ‘codifier’, etc., are normal and natural linguistic phenomena and such forms may be adopted in practice keeping in view the requirements for technical terminology, viz., simplicity, utility and precision.
12. Sandhi and Samasa in technical terms: Complex forms of Sandhi may be avoided and in cases of compound words, hyphen may be placed in between the two terms, because this would enable the users to have an easier and quicker grasp of the word structure of new terms. As regards,vkfno`f} in Sanskrit-based words, it would be desirable to use vkfno`f} in prevalent Sanskrit tatsama words e.g., O;kogfjd, yk{kf.kd etc. but may be avoided in newly coined words.
13. Halanta: Newly adopted terms should be correctly rendered with the use of ‘hal’ wherever necessary.
14. Use of Pancham Varna: The use of vuqLokj may be preferred in place of iape o.kZ, but in words like ‘lens’, ‘patent’ etc., the transliteration should be ysUl] isVsUV and not ysal]isVsaV or isVs.V.
Appendix I ¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü 307
M-G¼-hzÞÅ-GŸÝP-GÛ-±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¾Å-ˆÛ-zl-Vh-uÛ-Ez-DP-GÛ-
±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¾Å-f-ljh-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-ˆÛ-¯-º²Ûm-DG
(zôh-zNå¼-¼GÅ-zÇkÝÅü)
1ü M¾-uÛºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG-GP-ºôÅ-q-n¤Å-»ôPÅ-Ez-ÍÛm-±ÛG-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mã-hP-ÈÛm-hÛº¤-»Pmü M-G¼-HÛ-Ç+h-»ÛG-GŸm-Åô-ÅôºÛ-¼P-GÁÛÅ-¿e¼-HÛ-O-Nå¼-GÁ¤-Gž-¿e¼-‚-Mãü
; D¤Å-µÅ-hP-ºhÝÅ-µÅ-ˆÛ-¤ÛP.ü hqï¼-mü hydrogen, carbon dioxide ¿e-zÞ-hP.ü
D ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG dyne, calorie, ampere (km, kg) ÅôGÅü
G GP-¸G-hP-»Þ¾-¾ÞP-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-hPôÅ-¤ÛP-hP-ºƒï¾-zºÛ-¤ÛP-±ÛG marxism (Karl Marx), braille (Braille), boycott (Capt. Boycott), guillotine (Dr. Gullotine), gerry-mander (Mr. Gerry), ampere (Mr. Ampere), fahrenheit scale (Mr. Fahrenheit), etc.
P ¤ÛP-¸Þ¼-GZÛÅ-zÇkïzÅ-qºÛ-f-ljhü botany, zoology, geology.
T ºHã¼-¤ïh-¤±ôm-dGÅ- π, g, ¿e-zÞü
V º²¤-JÀÛP-uÛ-»ôPÅ-¾-Ez-Vï-zºÛ-±ÛG radio, petrol, radar, electron, proton, neutron.
W ¯ÛÅ-hP-±m-¼ÛG-DG-GÛ-IPÅ-hP.ü ¤±ôm-dGÅü dGÅü Vô-G-ÅôGÅ-hqï¼-mü sin, cos, tan, log ÅôGÅ-hP-(hï-¤±ßPÅ-¯ÛÅ-¼ÛG-bà-zïh-uôh-qºÛ-»Û-Gï-n¤Å- Roman, Greek GP-¼ÞP-»Ûm-hGôÅ)
2ü ±h-ºW¾-zºÛ-M¾-uÛºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅü cm ¿e-zÞ-h‚Ûm-»ÛG-bà-ºƒÛ-hGôÅ-ˆP.ü zÇkÝÅ-»ÛGn¤Å-Gbm-ºzïzÅ-ˆÛÅ-m-G-¼Û-»Û-Gï¼- l.eh. ¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-VôG ºôm-ˆP-ºhÛ-hG-‚ÛÅ-q-hP-
308 ¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü Appendix I
¤P-±ôGÅ-ˆÛ-z;ô¾-uôh-Vïh-®¤-¾Å-±m-¼ÛG-hP-ºyâ¾-¼ÛG-ÅôGÅ-ˆÛ-±h-¿km-ºƒÛ-¯ô¤-mPM¾-uÛºÛ-¤±ôm-dGÅ-bïü cm
Dô-m-ºƒÛ-hGôÅü
3ü fÛG-¯ÛÅ-ˆÛ-z;ôh-q¼-M-G¼-HÛ-»ÛG-¼ÛGÅ-mÅ- d, [k, x º¤- v, c, l ¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-VôG-TÛP.ü ¸Þ¼-GÅÞ¤-¯ÛÅ-¼ÛG-bà-hqï¼-mü sin A, cos B ¿e-zÞ-¼ô-¤m-»Û-Gï-Dô-m-ºƒÛ-uôh-‚ïh-hGôÅü
4ü ºV¼-ÇoP-GÛ-f-ljh-n¤Å-uÛ¼-zbP-hôm-Nå¼-‚ïh-hGôÅü
5ü ÈÛm-hÛ-Ç+h-hôh-Gh¤-Åï¾-Ç+zÅ-ÇezÅ-zhï-zü hôm-¤Û-ºFâ¾-zü Gô-dôGÅ-ÇÀ-z-zTÅ-¾-hô-ÇoPhGôÅ-¾ü ½‰ÛP-Ÿïm-¤FïGÅ-z¸ÞP-GÛ-ºhÝ-ÁïÅ-ÇtôP-hGôÅü
6ü M-G¼-HÛ-Ç+h-¼ÛGÅ-DG-GÛ-f-ljh-GTÛG-¤fÞm-»ôP-z¼-h¤ÛGÅ-bïü
; M-G¼-HÛ-Ç+h-¼ÛGÅ-GP-¤P-mP-xôGÅ-¤fÞm-hÝ-zïh-uôh-‚ïh-q-hP.ü
D ¾ïGÅ-¢¼-HÛ-‚ÛPÅ-¾-GŸÛ-zTô¾-GP-fÞz-‚ïh-hGôÅü
7ü uÛ¼-zbP-z;ô¾-Ez-Vï-zºÛ-¼P-Ç+h-ˆÛ-zl-Vh-hqï¼-mü telegraph/telegram ¾- rkj hP- continent ¾- egk}hi] post ¾- Mkd] ¿e-zÞ-n¤Å-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mãü
8ü ÍÛm-WÛ-hP.ü qô¼-Tß-GÛ wÛ-¼ïm-TÛ-ÅôGÅ-Ç+h-»ÛG-GŸm-mÅ-G»¼-zº¤-O-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-qºÛ±ÛG-z;ô¾-Ez-Vï-z-hqï¼-mü ticket, signal, pension, police, bureau, restaurant, deluxe ¿e-zÞ-n¤Å-¼P-Åô¼-ºWôG-Mãü
9ü M¾-uÛºÛ-zl-Vh-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-q-n¤Å-hïz-m-G-¼Û-»Û-Gï¼-O-zNå¼-‚ïh-Ç+zÅü ±h-¿km-HÛO-GP-Zï-hP-M-G¼-HÛ-ÁïÅ-»ôm-Tm-HÛ-¤Û-w¾-¤ô-Vï¼-IGÅ-Vï-z-hP-zÇeàm-bï-ÇezÅ-GP-zhï‚ïh-q-¾Åü O-dGÅ-Gż-z-¤P-qô-Çoôm-¤Û-hGôÅ-q-‚-Mãü
10ü hGôÅ-G¾-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-Tm-¤-GbôGÅ-M¾-uÛºÛ-zl-Vh-¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-q-n¤Å-wô-±ÛG-Dôm¼-ºƒÛ-Mãü
Appendix I ¸Þ¼-¢¼-hP-qôü 309
11ü xïh-xïh-ºƒï¾-HÛ-f-ljh-hqï¼-mü xjafVr = guaranteed, Dykfldh = classical, dksM+dkj
= codifier ÅôGÅ-Ç+h-ˆÛ-¼P-ºIôÅ-hP-¤fÞm-q-»Ûm-qÅü ÇezÅ-zhï-z-hP.ü zïh-uôhVï-zü
»ÛG-±ôGÅ-VßP-z-zTÅ-¾-¯-º²Ûm-HÛÅ-zl-Vh-ˆÛ-hGôÅ-¤Dô-¿e¼-ºWôG-Mãü
12ü zl-Vh-Gż-z¸ôºÛ-Ç+zÅ-hGôÅ-¤ïh-¤Gô-½‰ôG-Vï-zºÛ-±ÛG-zÇkÝh-hP-zÇkÝÅ-±ÛG-ÅôGÅ-¤Û-hGôÅq¼ü ¤Z¤-hÝ-Çkïz-MãºÛ-±ÛG-GÛ-V-ÁÅ-ÇS-xÛºÛ-hz¼-£ï¾-dGÅ-(-)z;ôh-m-ÁïÅ-dôGÅ-ÇÀ-z¼wm-PïÅü
13ü ¼P-Åô¼-zŸG-qºÛ-±ÛG-Gż-q-n¤Å-¾-O-z®m-qºÛ-xÛ¼-ÆôG-¤ïh-ˆÛ-dGÅ-GP-¾-TÛ-ºôÅ- MG-hGôÅü
14ü XïÅ-ÅÞ-P-¼ô-zïh-uôh-‚-Mã-Gh¤-D-z¸P-»P- lens hP- patent ÅôGÅ-ºƒÛ-Ç+zÅ-ysal] isVsaV] isVs.V ¤Ûm-q¼- ysUl] isVsUV¿e-zÞ-ºƒÛ-hGôÅüü
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CREATING TECHNICAL TERMS
1. A term should have only one technical meaning, preferably precision of meaning.
2. A concept should have only one term to refer to it.
3. Related concepts should have related/similar terms
4. Similar concepts should have similar terms
5. A term should preferably have similar forms in related (major) languages especially Indian languages
6. A term should be flexible to develop further terms out of it
7. Terms have greater derivational potentialities should be preferred
8. Terms should be simple and enphonious easy to understand and use.
9. A term should be transparent (self explanatory) to the extent possible
10. There should be consistency in terms of a given branch of knowledge
11. A term should be short ( precise) and incorporate the salient features of meaning; long compounds should be avoided
12. Colloquial and regional language sources may be explored and given due weight for coining terms
13. Classical sources may be exploited for coining terms
14. Existing words of the language must be tested
15. Before being finally accepted, a term should be tested with the issues
16. International terms may be borrowed with necessary modifications to suit the phonalogical and morphological structure of the language.
Appendix III ¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü 311
D¤Å-µÅ-hÝÅ-ºDô¼-¼ïºÞ-¤ÛG
Periodic Table of Elements
zôh-zlü
»P-½ÀâP.ü
Èï-¾Û-»¤ü
¾Û-fÛ-»¤ü
zï-¼Û-¾Û-»¤ü
±-¾-mG-qôü
mG-µÅü ;¼-zômü
¸ï-½ÀâP-ü
ÆôG-º²Ûm-½ÀâP.ü º±ô-½ÀâP.ü
wÞ-¾ô-¼Ûmü
mï-½ÀâP.ü
zÞ¾-µÅü
h;¼-G»ºü
È-»P.ü
ÅÛ-¾Û-;ômü
ºôh-ˆÛ-¤-¤ü
¤Þ-¸Ûü
±Ð-½ÀâP.ü
ͼ-Gômü GZÝG-½ÀâP.ü
hÝG-Åï¾-h;¼-qôü
h;¼-Á¤ü TôP-ŸÛü
ÅÛ-;m-^Û-»¤ü
Arsenic Selenium
Bromine
Strontium
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
‡ñ-‡ïï-mÛ-»¤ü
¶ï-mÛ-^Û-»¤ü
;ô-¿UGÅü
¤ïP-¿UGÅü
¿UGÅü
;ô-z×¾ü
GÁº-±ïü GÁº-h;¼ü
¸PÅü
bÛ-±ü
JËï-¾Û-»¤ü
W¼-¤ï-mÛ-»¤ü
z-„Àü
Åï-¾ï-mÛ-»¤ü
zÞ¼ô-¤Ûmü
Ç~Å-½ÀâP-ü
¼Þ-zÛ-^Û-»¤ü
Çœôm-Á¤ü
»Û-‡-¼Û-»¤ü
²Û¼-;ô-mÛ-»¤ü
mïºô-zÛ-»¤ü
¤ô-¾Û-z-^Û-m¤ü
‡ïG-aï-ÁÛ-»¤ü
¼Þ-fï-mÛ-»¤ü
¼ô-^Û-»¤ü
q-¾ï-^Û-»¤ü
hPÞ¾ü
¤fÛP-¿UGÅü 312 ¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü Appendix III
bÛ-±Ð-BïÅü Dï-^-¤Û-»¤ü
Antimony
Tellurium
Iodine
Xenon
Cesium
Barium
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
Gadolinium
Terbium
Dysprosium
Holmium
Erbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Lutetium
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Appendix III ¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü 313
(¿UGÅ-)=Ûmü
¤ÛG-Ǩmü
‡ï-¾Þ-¼Û-»¤ü
¿~-±Ðü
²ïm-½ÀâP.ü
Åï-ÅÛ-»¤ü
zï-¼Û-»¤ü
¾ïm-fï-m¤ü
Åï-¼Û-»¤ü
q-¼×-ÅÛºô-^Û-¤Û-»¤ü
mÛºô-^Û-¤Û-»¤ü
qô¼-¤ï-fÛ-»¤ü
Å-¤-¼Û-»¤ü
»Þ-¼ô-qÛ-»¤ü
Gh-hô-¾Û-mÛ-»¤ü
bؼ-zÛ-»¤ü
^ï-qô¼-ÅÛ-»¤ü
Èô¾-¤Û-»¤ü
Íï¼-zÛ-»¤ü
fÞ-¾Û-»¤ü
»Û-‡¼-zÛ-»¤ü
¾Þ-‡ï-ÁÛ-»¤ü
Èz-mÛ-»¤ü
bm-b-¾¤ü
‡P-ÅÛ-‡mü
¼ï-mÛ-»¤ü
Íô-ÅÛ-¤Û-»¤ü
ÍÛ-¼Û-^Û-»¤ü
314 ¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü Appendix III
Astatine
Radon
Francium
Radium
Actinium
Thorium
Protactinium
Uranium
Neptunium
Plutonium
Americium
Curium
Berkelium
Californium
Einsteinium
Fermium
Mendelevium
Nobelium
Lawrencium
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
GÅï¼-h;¼-qôü
GÅï¼ü
hPÞ¾-Vßü
fï¾-¾Û-A»¤ü
Ÿ-Zïü
zÛ-ÅÛ-¤-fü
qô-¾ô-mÛ-»¤ü
ÍÅï-‡ï-‡Ûmü
Pz-½ÀâP.ü
w-¼×m-ÅÛ-»¤ü
¼ï-^Û-»¤ü
ÍïG-‡Û-mÛ-»¤ü
fô-¼Û-»¤ü
qÞ-¼ô-‡ïG-‡Û-mÛ-»¤ü
»Þ-¼ï-mÛ-»¤ü
¤±ô-¿ËºÛ-mô¼-zÞü
qÞ-¾Þ-‡ô-mÛ-»¤ü
Í-¤ï-¼Û-ÅÛ-»¤ü
Eã-¼Û-»¤ü
z¼-;ï-¾Û-»¤ü
;ï-¾Û-wô¼-mÛ-»¤ü
Íïm-Å-ï‡ñm-mÛ-»¤ü
w¼-¤Û-»¤ü
¤ïm-^ï-¾ï-¶Û-»¤ü
mô-zï-¾Û-»¤ü
¾×-¼ïm-ÅÛ-»¤ü
¼Þ-f¼-wô¼-^Û-»¤ü
^z-mÛ-»¤ü
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Hassium
Meitnerium
Darmstadtium
Roentgenium
Ununbium
Ununtrium
Ununquadium
Ununpentium
Ununhexium
Appendix III ¸Þ¼-¢¼-GÅÞ¤-qü 315
Å×Û-zô¼-WÛ-»¤ü
zô-¼Û-»¤ü
È-ÅÛ-»¤ü
¤×Ûh-mï-¼Û-»¤ü
h©-Åï-bïh-ÁÛ-»¤ü
¼ôm-Gï-mÛ-»¤ü
D¤Å-µÅ- 112 qü
D¤Å-µÅ- 113 qü
D¤Å-µÅ- 114 qü
D¤Å-µÅ- 115 qü
D¤Å-µÅ- 116 qü
316 ¸Þ¼-¢¼-zŸÛ-qü Appendix IV
¾ô-¤ºÛ-h‚ÛzÅü
1 ºWôP-h‚ÛzÅü 2 ¤hÝP-h‚ÛzÅü 3 ljÛP-h‚ÛzÅü 4 ÇKôP-h‚ÛzÅü 5 ÇKôP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü
6 ¤D¾-G¸ÞGÅü 7 Eï¤-zÞºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 8 ¾Û-»¼-h‚ÛzÅü 9 ¤hº-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü
10 wÞz-h‚ÛzÅü 11 ÅôG-h‚ÛzÅü 12 ¤hÝP-¯ïºÛ-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 13 ¯ï-ljàP.ü 14 ¯ï-lݤü
15 Ç~¼-h‚ÛzÅü 16 ¯ï-¤ô-ljàP-¼ÛP.ü 17 ¾ô-¤-¤Gô-ZG 18 ¤WâG-ºi-V-¿kmü 19 ¯ï-nômü
20 G®ßG-nôm-y-¤ôü 21 ¯ï-ZG 22 ljÛP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü 23 ¹â¤-h‚ÛzÅ-Tmü 24 ¿Uï-h‚ÛzÅü
25 ¤hÝP-G¸ÞGÅ-¿kôG-¤ü 26 ºWôP-m¼ü 27 Oô-h‚ÛzÅü 28 Dz-h‚ÛzÅü
