Bangla sanglap (Issue16/11) by bangla sanglap

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wgR©v AveŸvm ‡`‡ki ÔGK b¤^i wµwgbvjÕ: bvmxiæÏxb cvUIqvix

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Desk report:

Great Ormond Street doctor who botched surgery harmed nearly 100 children

Nearly 100 children were harmed by a Great Ormond Street Hospital limb reconstruction surgeon, a review has found, external.

The investigation, published by the world-famous London hospital into Yaser Jabbar, found widespread evidence of unacceptable practice in the botched operations he carried out.

Jabbar worked at the hospital between 2017 and 2022, providing care to 789 children – 94 of them came to harm, GOSH's report concluded.

Most of those – 91 – were patients he did surgery on. He specialised in limb-lengthening and reconstruction for children with complex problems.

The BBC has attempted to contact Jabbar.

The treatments he provided, which included inserting metal plates, bone grafts and implants, are considered high-risk and some level of complications are to be expected.

GOSH said it could not determine whether all the cases of harm were avoidable, but Jabbar's practice was substandard in many areas and this had undoubtedly caused harm.

The report did not detail individual cases, but families have previously spoken about the problems their children have experienced.

One girl, Bunty, who was operated on multiple times by Jabbar, eventually had to have her lower leg amputated. Jabbar, who trained in the UK, is now understood to live abroad and no longer has a licence to practise medicine in the UK. The Metropolitan Police said it would review the findings to decide if a police investigation was needed.

Criticisms

The report highlighted cases of premature removal of bone fixation devices, operations carried out without a clear rationale, problems with how bones were pinned and making cuts into bones at the wrong level. The way complications were identified and managed was also criticised.

More than a quarter of

China to relax travel rules for British visitors, UK says

patients he operated on came to harm, the report said. Thirty-five had suffered severe harm. Another child suffered severe harm, but that was not related to surgery. GOSH launched this investigation in 2024, bringing in independent doctors to review patient records, although the hospital itself pulled together their findings and have published them.

The investigation was initiated after the Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) carried out a review on behalf of the hospital. It came after concerns were raised by a member of staff.

That review was never published in full, but it has been seen by the BBC. It said there were serious concerns in relation to working culture, with some staff upset about the standard of care and saying the environment was "toxic" and that some surgery done on children was "inappropriate" and "incorrect".

Desk report:

China has agreed to allow British citizens to travel to the country for up to 30 days without a visa, Downing Street has said.

The announcement came after Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer met President Xi Jinping in Beijing, as he became the first British leader to visit the country in eight years.

The government is seeking closer trade ties with Beijing to help boost economic growth.However, critics have argued the UK should have a more cautious relationship with China because of the risk to national security and the country's human rights record.There is no date for when the visa agreement will be in force but the government is hoping this will happen as soon as possible.Hundreds of thousands of Britsh people could potentially benefit from the change, with around 620,000 travelling to China in 2024 according to the Office for National Statistics. Downing Street said it would bring the UK into line with 50 other countries, including France, Germany, Italy, Australia and Japan.

Sir Keir said the move would make it easier for businesses to expand in China, while people would also be able to go on holiday there without a visa.

"As one of the world's economic powerhouses, businesses have been crying out for ways to grow their footprints in China," he said.

"We'll make it easier for them to do so – including via relaxed visa rules for short-

term travel – supporting them to expand abroad, all while boosting growth and jobs at home." Downing Street said the UK and China had also agreed to explore whether to enter negotiations on a services agreement, which would establish clear and legally binding rules for UK firms doing business in China. The UK is the world's second largest exporter of services – including in

finance, healthcare and legal services - and No 10 said demand from China in the area was growing. It said an agreement would open up Chinese markets for businesses, for example by enabling recognition of UK professional qualifications. Downing Street said China had also agreed to cut import taxes on UK whiskey from 10% to 5%.

Meanwhile, pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca will

invest $15bn (£10.9bn) in China up to 2030, establishing new manufacturing sites and expanding its workforce in the country. Speaking after his meeting with President Xi at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing - which lasted around an hour and 20 minutes - Sir Keir said the pair had discussed how "huge opportunities" in China could benefit people in the UK.

He said the pair had also made "good progress" on cooperation over illegal migration.

Under an agreement signed on Thursday, Downing Street said UK and Chinese law enforcement would cooperate to disrupt the supply of small boat engines and equipment used by criminal gangs to help migrants cross the Channel. Last year more than 60% of engines used by smuggling gangs were found to be branded as Chinesemanufactured. The deal is among 10 agreements signed between the two countries, covering areas including exports, education and food safety.

Desk Report:

Women affected by changes to the state pension age have reacted with fury after ministers again rejected their claim for compensation.

The government reconsidered the case after a new document came to light, but has again concluded no compensation should be paid.Campaigners say 3.6 million women born in the 1950s were not properly informed of the rise in their state pension age, which brought it into line with men.

The Women Against State Pension Inequality (Waspi) group said the latest decision demonstrated "utter contempt" for those affected. Angela Madden, who chairs the group, told BBC News that the decision was "appalling"."We know it's a political choice. We know the government could pay us if it wanted to," she said.

Ministers reject Waspi calls for compensation after rethink

The group was seeking legal advice about the decision, she added."We're not frightened of the government. We're not frightened of legal action."

The government said the vast majority of 1950s-born women already knew the

state pension age was increasing, thanks to a wide range of public information, including through leaflets, education campaigns, in GP surgeries, on TV and radio, in cinemas, and online. Others, however, said they were unaware of the changes.

In 2024, a parliamentary ombudsman recommended compensation of between £1,000 and £2,950 each for those affected.

While the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) could recommend compensation,

Water bills to rise again: Use our tool to find out by how much

Water bills will rise by £2.70 a month on average from April, a year on from hefty increases for households in many parts of the country. The average annual bill in England and Wales will increase by £33 to £639, prompting calls for a "stronger safety net" for those unable to pay. The size of the increase and the cost of the average bill both vary widely across different regions, with one water-only supplier raising prices by 13%.

The industry trade body, Water UK, said bill increases were needed to fund vital upgrades to the system and tackle spillages that have caused a public outcry.

The figures come a few days after it was announced water bills in Scotland would rise by an average of £42 a year (up 8.7%), taking the average bill to £532 a year. Firms have been granted permission by the regulator to increase bills to pay for upgrades after decades of underinvestment, as public anger has simmered about sewage released into the UK's rivers and seas. Ofwat has allowed water

firms to put up bills by 36% between 2025 and 2030, with most of that frontloaded on to last April's annual rise.

Household water bills climbed by £10 a month to an average of more than £600 last April, and this year will see another aboveinflation increase.

The average bill in England and Wales will go up by 5.4%, compared to the latest Consumer Prices Index measure of inflation of 3.4%.

However, different suppliers charge different amounts,

and the increases vary sharply too. Thames Water, which raised prices significantly nearly a year ago, will only increase bills by an average of £3 a year, or 0.4%, this April, taking its average bill to £658 a year.

At the other end of the scale among water and sewerage companies, customers of Severn Trent Water will see a rise of 10% (up £52 to £587). Hafren Dyfrdwy is raising annual bills by 9% (up £54 to £635), and United Utilities is also increasing bills by 9% (up £57 to £660). Among water-only

it could not enforce it and the government rejected it.

Speaking in the House of Commons, Work and Pensions Secretary Pat McFadden said the government accepted that "individual letters about changes to the state pension age could have been sent earlier".He repeated the apology given by his predecessor Liz Kendall over when the letters were sent.

But he said the government also agreed with the Ombudsman's previous finding that "women did not suffer any direct financial loss from the delay".

The emergence of a 2007 survey, which had not been handed to Kendall, prompted a review of the government's decision, with McFadden promising to check no other documents had been overlooked.

companies, customers of Affinity Water's central region will see a 13% increase. Bristol Water is raising average bills by 12%, but bills in Affinity Water's East region will only go up by 0.4%.

South East Water will raise prices by 7%, while it faces an investigation by Ofwat for repeated water supply failures across Kent and Sussex.

Some 30,000 properties had no water at the height of the problems which the company blamed, in part, on Storm Goretti and a power

cut at a pumping plant. 'Urgent' investment Industry trade body Water UK said companies were preparing to invest £20bn over the year to secure water supplies, support economic growth and end sewage entering rivers and seas.

"While we urgently need investment in our water and sewage infrastructure, we know that for many this increase will be difficult," said chief executive David Henderson.

He said 2.5 million households would be supported through discounted social tariffs and other affordability measures.

But the Consumer Council for Water, which represents customers, said a patchwork of different social tariff schemes meant where someone lived - rather than their actual level of need - could determine what support they received.

"A stronger safety net is also needed for those who simply can't afford these bill rises," said its chief executive, Mike Keil.

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Desk report:

A 15-year-old boy has pleaded guilty to murdering 12-year-old Leo Ross as he walked home from school in Birmingham last year.

The teenager, who cannot be named for legal reasons, entered his plea on Thursday at Birmingham Crown Court.

Leo was thought to have been making his way home from his school in Yardley Wood, Birmingham, when he was stabbed in the stomach on 21 January 2025.

At 12 years old, he is believed to be the youngest victim of knife crime in the West Midlands.

Members of the public came to help him as he lay on a riverside path in a park and called the emergency services but Leo died in hospital.

His family said he had been walking a 10-minute route home and police said he was speaking to a friend on the phone, arranging to meet near a certain tree in Trittiford Mill Park.

His friend turned up but Leo never did.

His foster family described

Teen admits murdering schoolboy, 12, on walk home

him as "the sweetest, kindest boy who put others before himself."

"He was loved by all that knew him, he made friends with everyone he met, young or old," they added.

Leo's birth mother, Rachel Fisher, said her son "didn't have a bad bone in his body".

"My baby's life was stolen for no reason whatsoever, my life will never be the same again without him," she said.

The defendant, who was 14 at the time of the stabbing, also pleaded guilty to two

counts of causing grievous bodily harm with intent and one of assault occasioning actual bodily harm, over separate attacks on three elderly women.

Those victims were pushed to the ground, hit by him and suffered serious injuries, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) said.

Detectives found the knife used in the stabbing had been thrown into a nearby river - the teenager pleaded guilty to possession of a bladed article.

Investigators also discovered that the killer opted to hang around to talk to officers at the murder scene, falsely claiming he had stumbled across Leo lying fatally injured beside the River Cole.

Leo had no connection to his attacker, police believe, and he was subjected to what senior officers described as a completely random and unprovoked stabbing.

The boy showed no remorse and gave no explanation during his interview, only

saying "no comment" when asked about Leo's murder and the earlier assaults, police said.

The defendant's guilty pleas were entered more than six months after a trial was postponed to allow psychiatric experts to assess the defendant.

Judge Paul Farrer KC said sentencing would be set for 10 February and, in the meantime, the 15-year-old would be remanded into youth detention. Leo was a pupil at Christ Church C of E Secondary Academy and Tim Boyes, their acting head at the time of the stabbing, said his death had a huge impact on staff and pupils. He recalled the moment the school got a call to say a student had been stabbed.

"I jumped in the car and was at the scene whilst paramedics and police were just beginning to deal with the horrible crisis," he said. Boyes said he remembered Leo as "a quirky, lovable, bright, unusual little boy".

"For a 12-year-old, he was quite young and he had a naivety and simplicity," he said.

London shop thefts soar by 19% in a year, shock new figures show

Desk report:

Shoplifting across London has soared by 19 per cent in a year, new figures show.

The number stood at 95,302 in the 12 months to September 2025.

The Metropolitan Police recorded 93,849 of them, up 19 per cent from 78,458 the previous year.

The capital’s other force, City of London Police, had a further 1,453, down five per cent from 1,536 in September 2004.

Last year, Scotland Yard launched its largest ever targeted crackdown on organised shoplifting gangs in London. Officers raided more than 120 shops suspected of buying items stolen from major retailers and reselling them at discounted prices. Thirtytwo suspects were arrested for various offences and items worth hundreds of thousands seized.

Reacting to the data, Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood said: “We are having real success tackling the crimes that terrorise communities. “But the

crimes that tear at the fabric of communities, like shop theft and shop robbery, continue to rise and we must do more.

“That is why we are putting 13,000 more neighbourhood

officers on the beat, and have invested £2 billion more in forces across the country since we took office.” Figures published by the Office for National Statistics show police-recorded homicides

in England and Wales have fallen to their lowest level in more than 40 years – driven by a drop in knife crime. The change helped drive down the overall murder total to the lowest annual total since 1983.

There were 97 homicides in London last year, down 11 per cent from 109 in 2024, and the fewest recorded since 95 killings 11 years ago in 2014. Under major policing reforms announced on Monday, counter-terror, fraud and criminal gang investigations are set to be taken over by a new national police force dubbed the “British FBI”.

Mahmood believes it will lift the burden on forces who are believed to be diverting time and resources away from everyday policing against shoplifting and antisocial behaviour to deal with UK-wide issues.

Desk Report:

Homicides have fallen to their lowest rate for more than 40 years as more people stay at home.

In the year to September, the number of cases of murder or manslaughter in England and Wales fell by 7 per cent to 499 – the lowest annual figure since 1983.

The figures, from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), also show there has been a drop in homicides since the year leading up to the Covid pandemic, when 710 cases were recorded.

The ONS attributed the sharp decline to a 23 per cent fall in fatal stabbings, which were down from 227 to 174 in the year to September.

Experts cited more targeted policing focused on knife crime and murder “hotspots” – a new approach emulating Scotland to address the causes of serious violence –and a cultural change, with people less willing to grab a knife to settle a dispute.

However, they also pointed to changing lifestyles, where young people were going out less frequently, preferring to spend time at home online.

A survey by the Night Time

Murder rate lowest in 40 years as more people stay at home

Industries Association found that 61 per cent of 18 to 30-year-olds reported going out less frequently than in the previous year.

Britain has lost 30 per cent of its nightclubs since the pandemic, with the total number dropping from nearly 1,700 a decade ago.

In 2024, an average of 34 pubs closed each month in England and Wales, with the total number falling below 39,000 for the first time.

People are spending more time on at-home activities, with time spent on out-of-

home leisure dropping by about 51 minutes each day since 2019. It has been combined with a backlash against alcohol among Gen Z, with 39 per cent of 18 to 24-year-olds claiming to be teetotal.

Rory Geoghegan, former Downing Street adviser on crime, and founder of the Public Safety Foundation, said: “Britain has fewer pubs and nightclubs, young people are going out to them less often and there have been signs of a general shift away from alcohol as the basis for socialising

– likely contributing to a reduction in the potential for spontaneous violence that might prove fatal.

“At the same time, medicine continues to advance, helping turn once-fatal injuries into survivable ones. It’s also true that our prisons are at full capacity –evidencing vital work by the police to keep many of the most violent and dangerous criminals off the streets.”

Prof David Wilson, emeritus professor of criminology at Birmingham University, said more people working at home may have had an

Starmer under pressure to follow EU on IRGC ban

impact, but he believed more significant was the roll-out of Scotland’s strategy of serious violence reduction units to the rest of England and Wales, and a change in young attitudes to “masculinity”.

‘The optimism should be cautious’

The units target wider causes through interventions to tackle family violence, deprivation, drug and alcohol misuse, mental health problems and unemployment, alongside police action in “hotspot” crime areas.

In London, where the murder rate has dropped to its lowest in more than a decade, violence reduction unit staff are based in police stations and talk to young people after they have been arrested. They report a 90 per cent success rate in diverting people away from crime.

Prof Wilson said: “In the past 10 years, violence reduction units have contributed to the fall. But it is also that more men are expressing masculinity in a way that they didn’t previously. A lot is tied up with the fact that they don’t feel they need to be violent to be masculine.”

Desk report:

The European Union is to proscribe the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a terrorist organisation, piling pressure on Britain to follow suit.

EU foreign ministers are meeting in Brussels on Thursday and are expected to agree on placing the military group, which is loyal to the Iranian regime, on its list of terror groups.

The move was made possible after Emmanuel Macron, the French president, swung behind the plans on Wednesday night. Iran had warned on Tuesday of “devastating consequences” should the EU follow through with a ban.

Sir Keir Starmer has so far refused to proscribe the IRGC despite claims it has carried out attacks on Iranian targets on British soil. Britain now faces becoming an outlier among Western allies.

Kaja Kallas, the EU’s most senior diplomat, said: “We are putting new sanctions on the list, and I also expect that we agree on listing the [IRGC] on the terrorist list. If you act as a terrorist,

you should also be treated as a terrorist.” Jean-Noël

Barrot, the French foreign minister, announcing his country’s about-turn, said:

“The unbearable repression of the peaceful uprising of

the Iranian people cannot go unanswered.

“The extraordinary courage they have shown in the face of the blind violence unleashed upon them cannot be in vain. Together

with our European partners, we will adopt sanctions ... against those responsible for these abuses.”

Sir Keir, speaking during his visit to China, said he would work with allies to ensure Iran did not develop nuclear weapons, but there was no sign he was ready to follow the EU’s decision.

Britain has refused to proscribe the IRGC amid fears it would result in the closure of its Tehran embassy, which acts as the eyes on the ground for the British and American intelligence agencies.

However, Shahin Gobadi, of the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), an exiled opposition group, told The Telegraph. “Now is time for the UK to immediately proscribe the IRGC in its entirety as a terrorist organisation. Nothing can justify any more delay.”

the foreign owners ‘hiding’ £190bn worth of UK property

Desk report:

The ultimate owners of almost 45,000 properties worth an estimated £190 billion are hidden from public view via offshore companies, in what experts say is likely to be a mass breach of the UK’s antimoney laundering rules put in place after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

A new investigation reveals how these strict government rules, designed to ensure homes are not being used to launder ill-gotten money or hide cash in the case of international sanctions, are being widely ignored and not policed. After the Economic Crime Act passed into law in March 2022, foreign owners of UK property were given until January 31, 2023, to register on the Register of Overseas Entities, managed by Companies House, and to declare the identity of the “beneficial owner”. This is defined as anyone who owns or controls an overseas company that owns property, typically by holding more than 25 per cent of the shares or voting rights.

Failure to register can result in fines of hundreds of thousands of pounds, plus criminal prosecution. The requirement applies retrospectively to overseas entities in England and Wales that bought property or land on or after January 1, 1999, in Scotland after December 8, 2014, and Northern Ireland from September 5, 2022. Tax Policy Associates, a legal policy think tank run by Dan Neidle, a former tax lawyer, examined a Land Registry list of 97,978 properties registered to offshore companies in England and Wales, then cross-checked how many had registered their ultimate owners with Companies House, as is legally required. In the case of 43,401 of the properties (about 44 per cent), the think tank said it was impossible to find out who truly owned them. In these cases it was found that the property owners had either:

• Not registered at all (8.4

per cent, or 8,198 of the 97,978 properties).

• Registered the property but claimed to have no beneficial owner (9.5 per cent, or 9,265).

• Registered but entered another offshore company as the owner (5 per cent, or 4,942).

• Put down a trust as the owner (21.4 per cent, or 20,996). Note: trusts can legitimately hold property, but the people who ultimately control or benefit from them should be registered as beneficial owners — something Neidle says often doesn’t happen, with lawyers or accountants listed instead.

The proportion of properties that were added to the register but claimed to have no beneficial owner has been growing significantly since 2022. By December 2022 this group accounted for 9.1 per cent, but rose to 12.4 per cent the following year, and went up to 19.2 per cent last year. Neidle did not include Scotland or Northern Ireland in the research because of the different ways data is stored there. Neidle says some overseas owners may not have registered simply by mistake. “Some of this will be accidental, but we think a significant proportion is likely to be intentional,” he says.

Some organisations may claim — correctly, but in rare cases — there is no single owner with more than 25 per cent control, so none needs to be registered. This may be the case for large developments run by pension funds, such as purpose-built rental developments. As well as human error, ignorance of the rules or moneylaundering, Neidle believes one motivation for foreign owners failing to register their UK properties could be to avoid having to pay capital gains tax when it comes to selling up — nonUK residents have had to pay it since April 2015.

By hiding their identities, it becomes harder for HMRC to track the real owners down for unpaid tax, Neidle says.

“It’s very important we get to grips with this, from a tax evasion perspective as

After the last page

well as the more obvious sanctions-busting and money-laundering ones,” Neidle says. Campaigners say poor enforcement of the rules by Companies House, owing to poor resourcing, is encouraging people to take a slapdash approach to the register, because they believe they will not be caught. Those failing to correctly register properties face civil financial penalties of up to £50,000 per home, plus additional fines of up to about £2,500 per day that the home is not registered, on top of possible criminal prosecution that could lead to further fines and even imprisonment.

However, last year it emerged that only 3 per cent of penalties (14 out of 444) issued to noncompliant offshore companies were collected, with £700,000 recovered from fines totalling £22.99 million.

“It looks like a classic example of a policy being introduced that hasn’t been followed up by enforcement resources,” Neidle says. By far the largest number of overseas structures holding English and Welsh property recorded on the Register of Overseas Entities are in the low-tax, self-governing crown dependency of Jersey.

Some 3,234 properties that claimed there was no beneficial owner, for example, are registered with Jersey-based companies. In addition, the analysis also shows 6,715 of all the trusts listed are financial services companies in Jersey. The Channel Island also has 1,883 properties where another offshore company is named as the owner. This is the largest number in all three categories. The country with the largest proportion of unregistered owners is Saudi Arabia, with 234 out of 252 properties (92.9 per cent) not listed. In one case, 125 properties owned by a single Saudi company are not registered with Companies House.

Notably, a number of entities in Liechtenstein, which is known for its strict banking privacy laws and favourable tax rates, have failed to declare a beneficial owner — 107 of 468 properties (22.9 per cent), in fact. No

beneficial owner has been declared in 49.2 per cent of UK properties registered to French companies, while in the case of Denmark the figure is 63.5 per cent. The top five residential properties owned by trusts or overseas companies The vast majority of properties with no overseas beneficial owners registered are in London, with an estimated £38 billion worth of properties that have only trustees registered; £22 billion with no owner listed; £37 billion with owners listed as overseas companies; and £10 billion not registered at all. In total, foreign owners in the capital are responsible for £107 billion of the £188 billion of property in England and Wales where owners have not been properly declared. The most expensive home on the register is in Holland Park, west London, which was purchased for £53 million in 2016 by a company in the British Virgin Islands. The beneficiaries are listed as two Isle of Man trustees.

Labour is killing London's hospitality

Deask report: London has the greatest hospitality scene on the planet. Bar none. There is no finer place to eat or drink out. You might expect us to say that, of course, but you do not have to take our word for it. This month London topped Tripadvisor’s list of the best food destinations in the world, ahead of Dubai, Rome, Hong Kong and Paris.

But it is not just London restaurants winning the accolades. Late last year Mayfair’s Chancery Rosewood was named the world’s best new luxury hotel. Our fabulous pubs are a huge tourist draw, too: The Devonshire in Soho was voted the industry’s favourite venue at awards last summer. So it is all the more mystifying to us that the Government seems determined to make life such an existential struggle for what should be one of the capital’s — and the nation’s — greatest crown jewels.

Our writers have talked to hundreds of chefs,

restaurateurs, hoteliers and pub and café owners in recent years. And they have spoken with one voice. Unintentionally or not, Labour is killing this industry. As one of its most illustrious names, Gordon Ramsay, arguably the world’s most famous chef, wrote for The Standard last week saying London hospitality is “facing a bloodbath”. Not since a fresh-faced 21-year-old Ramsay arrived in the capital in 1987 to work at Harvey’s, Marco Pierre White’s restaurant in Wandsworth, has the outlook been so bleak. The current crisis has been a long time coming. Hospitality was, by definition, one of the worst-hit sectors during the pandemic. A waiter cannot work from home; nor can a chef. The sector dug deep and used all its ingenuity and determination to find a way to struggle through to those blissful days when lockdowns were lifted.

But in many cases that meant taking on huge Covid recovery loans to stay afloat. Some operators are still paying them off. As one highly successful London restaurateur put it resignedly: “For the last five years I have been working for the Government.” Another unfortunate side effect of the pandemic — hugely amplified by Brexit — was the flight of key staff back to Europe, which massively inflated wages for waiters and chefs.

Then, just as the industry was bouncing back from lockdown hell, it was hit by another broadside: the costs explosion triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. For many venues, with a heavy demand for cooling and heating, energy bills more than doubled. But that was far from the only consequence. The inflationary spiral that followed crashed through to virtually every other catering cost you can name, but particularly food and drink supplies. Meanwhile, the cost-of-living crisis meant Londoners started going out less often and curbing their spending. The perfect storm.