Instructor Resource Mallicoat, Women and Crime: A Text/Reader SAGE Publishing, 2019
Chapter 1: Women and Crime: Introduction Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. The ______ increased understanding of women and their relationship with crime through the inclusion of gender in research. A. civil rights movement B. political correctness movement C. feminist movement D. women's right movement Ans: C 3. ______ comprise the majority of victims of intimate partner violence and sexual assault. A. Adolescents B. Males C. Females D. The Elderly Ans: C 4. The first feminist criminologists gained attention during the ______. A. 1920s and 1930s B. 1940s and 1950s C. 1960s and 1970s D. 1970s and 1980s Ans: C 5. Women have had challenges obtaining all of the following positions in the criminal justice system EXCEPT for ______. A. correctional officer B. judge C. police officer D. victim services Ans: D 7. Women are less likely to be victimized by ______. A. intimate partners B. strangers C. acquaintances D. family members Ans: B
Instructor Resource Mallicoat, Women and Crime: A Text/Reader SAGE Publishing, 2019 8. Why was the third wave of feminism born? A. To acknowledge the multiple diverse perspectives of women B. To fight for women's right to vote C. To fight for women's reproductive rights D. To acknowledge the differences between women and men Ans: A 9. An example of a glass ceiling would be ______. A. the inability of a female employee to be promoted due to her gender B. the inability of a male employee to be promoted due to his gender C. the inability of a female to be hired on for an entry-level position D. the inability of and agency to create more senior positions Ans: A 10. Which of the following are considered to be high needs for women who have been victimized by sexual assault and intimate partner violence? A. Appropriate job placements B. Resources, such as money C. Services for physical and emotional trauma D. Housing Ans: C 11. Which of the following is true regarding available victim services? A. There are more services than victims need. B. There are unlimited resources for victim services. C. The demand for services exceeds the available resources. D. The field of victim advocacy has not developed that much. Ans: C 12. Men commit significantly more crime than women. This is referred to as ______. A. feminism B. the gender gap C. gender neutrality D. the glass ceiling Ans: B 13. Which of the following describes the common foundation found among women offenders? A. They offend due to economic need and consequences of addiction and abuse B. They offend because they are pressured to by intimate partners C. They offend because is it in their nature to do so D. They offend because they can get away with it Ans: A 14. Which of the following is true regarding convicted women offenders. A. Women offenders are being sentenced to prison rather than community supervision.
Instructor Resource Mallicoat, Women and Crime: A Text/Reader SAGE Publishing, 2019 B. Women offenders are being sentenced to community sentences more often. C. Women offenders usually pay a fine only. D. Women offenders can easily overcome the stigma of being an ex-offender. Ans: A 15. All of the following are challenges faced by women working in criminal justice EXCEPT for ______. A. sexual harassment B. work–family balance C. motherhood D. education Ans: D 16. Which of the following is said to be one of the greatest contributions of feminist criminology? A. The relationship between poverty and offending B. The relationship between juvenile offending and adult offending C. The relationship between victimization and offending D. The relationship between addiction and offending Ans: C 19. The ______ publishes crime data that go un-reported to the police by victims. A. Uniform Crime Report (UCR) B. National Violences Against Women Survey (NVAWS) C. National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) D. National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Ans: C 20. Which of the following is true regarding Uniform Crime Report (UCR) and the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS)? A. NIBRS includes surveys of the public for data collection. B. NIBRS and the UCR are both limited to reported crimes. C. NIBRS and the UCR follow the hierarchy rule. D. NIBRS and the UCR do not collect information on attempted crimes. Ans: B 21. All of the following are limitations to the Uniform Crime Report’s (UCR) EXCEPT for ______. A. It follows the hierarchy rule. B. It does not include information on attempted crime events. C. It does not include demographic variables. D. It only includes crimes reported to the police. Ans: C 22. All of the following are examples of self-report studies EXCEPT for ______. A. National Violence Against Women Survey
Instructor Resource Mallicoat, Women and Crime: A Text/Reader SAGE Publishing, 2019 B. National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey C. National Crime Victimization Survey D. National Incident-Based Reporting System Ans: D 23. The greatest achievement of the National Crime Victimization Survey was its attempt to ______. A. speak specifically to women about their experiences B. measure offending and victimization C. compare state to state information regarding victimization D. fill the gap between reported and unreported crime Ans: D 24. The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) collects data on a ______. A. calendar year basis B. monthly basis C. weekly basis D. daily basis Ans: A 25. Which of the following is considered to be the first comprehensive data assessment of violence against women for the crime of intimate partner abuse, stalking, and sexual assault? A. National Violence Against Women Survey B. National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey C. National Crime Victimization Survey D. National Incident-Based Reporting System Ans: A 26. The experience of giving women ______ is a strong influence of feminist research methods. A. a voice B. equality C. the right to vote D. equal pay Ans: A 27. Feminist methodology influences all of the following EXCEPT for ______. A. conceptualization of the research question B. the selection of the researcher C. data collection methods D. analysis of data collected Ans: B 28. All of the following statements pertaining to feminist research methods are true EXCEPT for ______.
Instructor Resource Mallicoat, Women and Crime: A Text/Reader SAGE Publishing, 2019 A. they are largely qualitative in nature B. they allow emotions and values to be present as a part of the research process C. there is no single method of research that is identified as the feminist method D. feminist methodology dictates that the gender of the research participant be woman Ans: D 29. All of the following statements regarding crime reporting are true EXCEPT for ______. A. the NCVS is the only national-level data source on victimization B. the NCVS represents the largest victimization study conducted in the United States C. NIBRS has not been fully implemented with all agencies D. the dark figure of crime is a limitation of the Uniform Crime Reports Ans: A 30. Which of the following is not one of the five basic principles of feminist methodology? A. Following the traditional relationship between researcher and subject B. Acknowledging influence of gender in society as a whole C. Engaging in consciousness raising about the realities of women's lives D. Empowering women within a patriarchal society through their participation in research Ans: A 31. According to the UCR, between the years 2006 and 2015, the crime rate ______. A. increased for both males and females B. increased for males and decreased for females C. increased for females and decreased for males D. decreased for both males and females Ans: D 32. According to the author, ______ has prevailed in every aspect of the system. A. gendered justice B. equality C. feminism D. due process Ans: A 33. According to the 2015 Uniform Crime Report (UCR) data, women accounted for ______ of all arrests. A. 27% B. 30% C. 32% D. 37% Ans: A
Instructor Resource Mallicoat, Women and Crime: A Text/Reader SAGE Publishing, 2019 34. All of the following statements regarding the new Uniform Crime Reporting definition of rape instituted in 2012 are true EXCEPT for ______. A. It allows men to be counted as victims. B. It includes cases where victims were unable or unwilling to consent to sexual activity. C. It removes the requirement for victims to prove they were forcibly assaulted. D. It does not allow the UCR to capture a greater diversity of sexual assaults Ans: D 35.The feminist method involves which of the following? A. The relationship between researcher and the subject and the process by which data are gathered B. The relationship between the subject and their family and the process by which the data are analyzed C. The relationship between the subject and their peers and the process by which the data are collected D. The relationship between the research and the process by which the data are analyzed Ans: D 36. All of the following academic presentation topics are considered to be in the top five except for ______. A. domestic violence/intimate partner violence B. victimization of women C. gender-specific programming and policies D. recidivism rates among women offenders Ans: D 37. According to the text, the number of women faculty has ______ in the last four decades. A. not grown B. has seen a minor growth C. has seen a moderate growth D. has seen a significant growth Ans: D 38. At one point, members of the American Society of Criminology questioned the importance of which of the following variables? A. Gender B. Recidivism C. Education D. Family Ans: A 39. The American Society of Criminology dates back to which of the following decades? A. 1920s B. 1930s
Instructor Resource Mallicoat, Women and Crime: A Text/Reader SAGE Publishing, 2019 C. 1940s D. 1950s Ans: C 40. Which of the following was identified as a factor that has reduced the gender gap in publishing? A. Quality of published works B. Length of time in the academy C. Criminological field experience D. Length of education Ans: B True/False 1. The experiences of women in criminal justice have always been reported. Ans: F 2. There are no gender differences in the criminal justice system. Ans: F 3. Women suffer disproportionately from crimes of sexual assault, intimate partner violence, harassment, and stalking. Ans: T 4. Classical theories of crime attempted to explain female offending. Ans: F 5. Females who commit crime face unique experiences that are different from males who offend. Ans: T 6. Employment of women in criminal justice is limited. Ans: T 7. Females do not face challenges as the result of their gender. Ans: F 8. The civil rights movement and the women's rights movement impacted society's view of women's roles. Ans: T 9. Women's suffrage was the main concern of second wave feminists. Ans: F 10. Women's needs are being met by the criminal justice system. Ans: F
Instructor Resource Mallicoat, Women and Crime: A Text/Reader SAGE Publishing, 2019 11. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) generally indicate crime rates that are higher than the rates of crime reported by Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) data. Ans: T 12. Quantitative methods are the best approach to conduct research on sensitive issues including gendered experiences. Ans: F 13. The Uniform Crime Report and National Incident Based Reporting System official data sources fail to identify female serious and violent victimizations. Ans: T 14. Quantitative methods can yield valuable data on the experiences of women. Ans: T 15. Feminist methods are limited to issues of gender. Ans: F Essay 1. Describe how feminism has contributed to the understanding of women offenders and women victims. Ans: There are many ways in which feminism has contributed to the understanding of women offenders and women victims. Most importantly, feminism has helped us understand women and their relationships with crime. As a result, the research methods that were employed to evaluate crime have since evolved to incorporate feminist perspectives in the research environment. The newly evolved feminist research methods have helped provide a greater understanding of women’s realities, lives, and issues. 2. Explain the relationship between victimization and offending. Give an example. Ans: Research has consistently shown that a history of victimization in women is often a common factor for women offenders. The majority of the women in prison have experienced abuse, whether physical, psychological, or sexual. Unfortunately, this relationship turns into a cycle. The victim becomes the offender. Example, a young female who is being sexually abused by a family member runs away from home and turns to prostitution as means to support herself. Her interactions with the dangers of prostitution could lead to substance and drug abuse. Once in the criminal justice system, this young girl is tied to her criminal identity, which will hinder her ability to improve her situation, for example, education, inability to find employment, and so on. 3. Describe how the three waves of feminism differed from one another. Ans: The first wave of feminism focused on women’s suffrage and the right to vote. The second wave of feminism helped expand the focus to topics other than suffrage, such
Instructor Resource Mallicoat, Women and Crime: A Text/Reader SAGE Publishing, 2019 as reproductive rights, sexuality, and legal inequalities. The third wave of feminism addressed the different diverse perspective of women including race, ethnicity, nationality, sexuality, and gender identity. 4. Discuss the challenges faced by women working in criminal justice. Ans: There are many challenges that women working in the criminal justice face, such as on-the-job sexual harassment, work–family balance, maternity, and motherhood. In addition, there are also challenges in how women manage their roles, duties, and responsibilities in a previously male dominated work environment. 5. Compare and contrast Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) and National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS). What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? How has NIBRS improved upon UCR? Ans: The UCR and NIBRS are both data sources that help provide more information on crime rates. They are both longitudinal data sets. Some of the advantages of the UCR are that it is the largest data set in the United States. UCR includes demographic variables (including age, gender, race/ethnicity, location, and region) and allows researchers to compare changes over time. However, the UCR has its disadvantages. First, it only tracks arrest rates, thus any unreported crime is not calculated into the crime rates. Second, it only collects data on certain types of crimes (versus all forms of crime). Third, in the even that multiple crimes are committed in a single event, only the serious crime is taken into account (hierarchy rule). Fourth, participating my agencies has fluctuated over time. Thus, the NIBRS, addresses some of the UCR’s flaws, such as the hierarchy rule. The disadvantage of the NIBRS system is that that transition of agencies to the system has been slow; it is used in 58% of all police agencies in the Unites States.
Instructor Resource Mallicoat, Women and Crime: A Text/Reader SAGE Publishing, 2019
Chapter 2: Theories of Victimization Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. Prosecutors began to establish victim-assistance programs during the ______. A. 1950s B. 1930s C. 1970s D. These have always been a part of the CJ system. Ans: C 2. The emergence of agencies such as rape crisis centers developed in response to the perceived need for which of the following? A. sexual assault prevention efforts B. increased community awareness C. decreased pain that victims of crime experience D. all of these are correct Ans: D 3. Which of the following pieces of legislation provides support for criminal justice researchers studying issues related to intimate partner violence? A. Campus Sexual Assault Victims' Bill of Rights B. Child Abuse Victims' Bill of Rights C. Violence Against Women Act D. Crime Victim's Rights Act Ans: C 4. Core rights of victims include ______. A. right to attend criminal justice proceedings B. right to apply for compensation C. right to protection from intimidation and harassment D. all of these are correct Ans: D 5. Reasons why a victim might choose not to report their victimization to the police include all except ______. A. societal embarrassment B. the belief that nothing could be done C. the belief that it was not serious and a personal matter D. employment jeopardy Ans: D