You May Ask Yourself: An Introduction to Thinking like a Sociologist Core 6th Edition by Dalton Conley TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 The Sociological Imagination: An Introduction CHAPTER 2 Methods CHAPTER 3 Culture and Media CHAPTER 4 Socialization and the Construction of Reality CHAPTER 5 Groups and Networks CHAPTER 6 Social Control and Deviance CHAPTER 7 Stratification CHAPTER 8 Gender CHAPTER 9 Race CHAPTER 10 Family
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CHAPTER 1 The Sociological Imagination: An Introduction CONCEPT MAP I.
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The Social Imagination A. What Are the True Costs and Returns of College? B. Getting That “Piece of Paper” What Is a Social Institution? The Sociology of Sociology A. August Comte and the Creation of Sociology i. Harriet Martineau B. Classical Sociology Theory i. Karl Marx ii. Max Weber iii. Émile Durkheim iv. Georg Simmel C. American Sociology i. W. E. B. DuBois ii. Jane Addams iii. Talcott Parsons D. Modern Sociological Theories i. Conflict Theory ii. Feminist Theory iii. Symbolic Interactionism iv. Postmodernism v. Midrange Theory Sociology and Its Cousins TESTBANKSELLER.COM A. History B. Anthropology C. The Psychological and Biological Sciences D. Economics and Political Science Divisions within Sociology A. Microsociology and Macrosociology
MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. As defined by C. Wright Mills, which of the following "enables us to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society"? a. formal sociology c. microsociology b. sociological imagination d. macrosociology ANS: B DIF: Easy MSC: Remembering
REF: The Sociological Imagination (I)
2. A female manager is attempting to climb her way to the top of the corporate ladder. She works as hard as, if not harder than, her male colleagues, but nothing she does seems to help her advance. She begins to notice a pattern: Men are often promoted, but women are often overlooked for advancement. The realization that many women in her circumstance are experiencing the same discrimination is an example of a. anomie. c. sociological imagination. b. Verstehen. d. social cohesion. ANS: C
DIF: Moderate
REF: The Sociological Imagination (I)
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MSC: Applying 3. In Pulp Fiction, two characters discuss and reflect on how in Holland people put mayonnaise on their french fries instead of ketchup. Your textbook author uses this to illustrate the concept of a. the sociology of film. c. social institutions. b. the sociological imagination. d. formal sociology. ANS: B DIF: Easy MSC: Understanding
REF: The Sociological Imagination (I)
4. A panel of community leaders holds a discussion about poverty and environmental hazards, noting that poorer people are more likely to live near such hazards. One audience member argues that people can simply choose to move and that this is not a community-level problem. The panelists note that poverty creates a context in which choices about residence are made. The panelists’ point illustrates the concept of a. urban sociology. c. the sociological imagination. b. social institutions. d. macrosociology. ANS: C DIF: Moderate MSC: Understanding
REF: The Sociological Imagination (I)
5. Generally speaking, what does it mean to think like a sociologist? a. to think of the world in such a way as to make the familiar strange b. to place our own values above data we collect about c. to think of individuals as members of an organized group d. to see culture as a more powerful force than armies or industry ANS: A DIF: Moderate MSC: Understanding
REF: The Sociological Imagination (I) | InQuizitive
TESTBANKSELLER.COM 6. According to social theorist Randall Collins, getting a "piece of paper" is more important to many than actually having the knowledge to do a job. He calls the undue priority placed on formal education a. microsociology. c. normlessness. b. credentialism. d. xenophobia. ANS: B DIF: Moderate MSC: Understanding
REF: Getting That “Piece of Paper” (I.B)
7. Asha Rangappa, dean of admissions at Yale Law School, explained that most students who apply to Yale Law School have already benefited from opportunities that make them appear to be stronger candidates than those from less advantaged backgrounds. In the sociological perspective, this implies that a. as a social institution, education tends to reinforce existing inequalities. b. education is the best opportunity for reducing inequality. c. microsociology is the better way to study America's universities. d. Yale Law School is an exceptional case of inequality. ANS: A DIF: Moderate MSC: Understanding
REF: Getting That “Piece of Paper” (I.B)
8. What does it mean to say that our society is “credentialist” about entry into certain profession, such as medicine? a. One must enter as a novice and is promoted based on experience and demonstrated skill. b. One gains entry into these professions based on family and social connections. c. One must go through a process for formal schooling and certification. d. One must purchase a license or other qualifying documentation or registration.
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ANS: C DIF: Easy MSC: Understanding
REF: Getting That “Piece of Paper” (I.B) | InQuizitive
9. Which of the following is defined as a complex group of interdependent positions that together perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time? a. a social identity c. a theory b. a social institution d. anomie ANS: B DIF: Easy MSC: Remembering
REF: What Is a Social Institution? (II)
10. As your textbook author notes, the most age-segregated social institution in our society is a a. hospital. c. prison. b. mental institution. d. four-year college. ANS: D DIF: Easy MSC: Remembering
REF: What Is a Social Institution? (II)
11. The Philip Morris Company changed its name to Altria in an attempt to create a new a. brand of cigarettes. c. social identity. b. defense against lawsuits. d. multinational company. ANS: C DIF: Easy MSC: Remembering
REF: What Is a Social Institution? (II)
12. The "grand narrative" that constitutes a social identity a. is nothing more than the sum of individual stories told between pairs of individuals. b. remains the same throughout time within the same social group. c. can be defined only by the individual, so it is subjective. d. is subjective and therefore TEeasy STto BAchange. NKSELLER.COM ANS: A DIF: Moderate MSC: Remembering
REF: What Is a Social Institution? (II)
13. In government, many social actors such as senators, legislative aides, and voters work together as a complex group of interdependent parts to influence society. Seen in this light, government is a a. social construction. b. figment of the sociological imagination. c. society. d. social institution. ANS: D MSC: Applying
DIF: Easy
REF: What Is a Social Institution? (II)
14. Social institutions often appear monolithic and unchanging. The sociological perspective is that a. social institutions are socially constructed and changeable. b. modern social institutions are socially constructed, but premodern institutions were unchanging. c. family is relatively monolithic, whereas government and education are changeable. d. each institution must be understood on its own terms; no generalizations regarding social construction are possible. ANS: A DIF: Easy MSC: Understanding
REF: What Is a Social Institution? (II)
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15. Although most U.S. universities have no official language, students and faculty typically expect the lectures, syllabi, and reading materials to be presented in English. Any faculty or students attempting to change this practice to any language other than English would encounter many practical obstacles, based on how the university is organized. This illustrates the importance of a. social roles. b. social institutions. c. social norms. d. the sociological imagination. ANS: B DIF: Moderate MSC: Understanding
REF: What Is a Social Institution? (II)
16. What is the ultimate basis for a social institution’s continued existence over time? a. an ongoing narrative that links the past, the present, and the future b. a physical facility, typically consisting of land, building, and other infrastructure c. a community of people, which in the case of a college includes faculty, staff, and students d. a name, plus other symbols associated with the brand; for a college, that includes a logo, school colors, and a mascot ANS: A DIF: Moderate MSC: Understanding
REF: What Is a Social Institution? (II) | InQuizitive
17. Karl Marx argued that social institutions in a society were the result of the economic makeup of that society. Max Weber argued that a. there are no social institutions in a society. b. ideas influence society, not just economics. c. Marx was correct, except for his ideas about religion. d. the epistemological stage of that society influenced the social institutions. ANS: B DIF: TDifficult The ESTBANKSREF: ELLE R.Sociology COM of Sociology (III) MSC: Remembering 18. Which of the following sociologists originated the theory of positivism? a. Auguste Comte c. Karl Marx b. Émile Durkheim d. Max Weber ANS: A DIF: Moderate REF: August Comte and the Creation of Sociology (III.A)
MSC: Remembering
19. "Social physics" or "positivism" is best defined as the a. idea that we can scientifically and logically study social institutions and the individuals within them. b. study of human behavior as governed by natural instincts. c. study of the symbolic interactions between social institutions and the individuals within them. d. relationship between scientific and religious social institutions. ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: August Comte and the Creation of Sociology (III.A)
MSC: Remembering
20. According to Auguste Comte, what were the three epistemological stages of human society? a. the theological stage, the scientific stage, and the postscientific stage b. the theological stage, the metaphysical stage, and the secular stage c. the theological stage, the scientific stage, and the positivist stage d. the theological stage, the metaphysical stage, and the scientific stage
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ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF: August Comte and the Creation of Sociology (III.A)
MSC: Remembering
21. Consider two distinct versions of a research study that seeks to develop knowledge on young men’s involvement in property crime. The first focuses on the natural drives of young men as they follow their instincts toward accumulating more goods and resources. The second approach focuses on the typical experiences of young men and on current norms to predict criminal behavior. Regarding Comte’s three epistemological stages, the first approach is an example of the ________ stage, while the second approach is an example of the ________ stage. a. metaphysical; sociological b. biological; scientific c. metaphysical; scientific d. biological; sociological ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: August Comte and the Creation of Sociology (III.A)
MSC: Applying
22. In How to Observe Morals and Manners, Harriet Martineau critiqued the institution of marriage as a. based on an assumption that women are inferior. b. based on an assumption that men are inferior. c. reinforcing heterosexuality. d. perpetuating social class stratification. ANS: A DIF: Moderate MSC: Remembering
REF: Harriet Martineau (III.A.i)
23. Which founder of sociology is known, in part, for providing the theoretical foundation of Communism? a. Auguste Comte c. Karl Marx b. Émile Durkheim d. Max Weber
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ANS: C DIF: Easy MSC: Remembering
REF: Karl Marx (III.B.i)
24. To Karl Marx, conflict between a small number of capitalists and a large number of workers would divide society. He referred to these workers as a. employees. c. subordinates. b. the proletariat. d. the working poor. ANS: B DIF: Easy MSC: Remembering
REF: Karl Marx (III.B.i)
25. One challenge of an industrialized society is that the society’s members can find themselves working much of the day to have access to the very technologies that are supposed to make life easier. This illustrates Marx’s argument that a. each economic system in history had its own fault lines of conflict. b. consensus between social members would make life easier for everyone. c. social behavior must be understood in terms of the meanings of those being studied. d. society must be analyzed in terms of the roles that different phenomena play. ANS: A DIF: Difficult MSC: Understanding
REF: Karl Marx (III.B.i)
26. Who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism? a. Karl Marx c. Harriet Martineau b. Georg Simmel d. Max Weber
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