Issuu

Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, 6e (Turley) Chapter 1 Introduction to Pharmacology 1.1

Multiple Choice Questions

1) Pharmacology is the study of . A) how drugs are dispensed B) pills and how to give them C) drugs and their interactions with living organisms D) plants, herbs, minerals, and animals Answer: C Explanation: A) The dispensing of drugs is only a small part of the field of pharmacology. B) Pharmacology does this, but includes much more. C) This is the correct definition. D) Some drugs come from these sources, but it is not the focus of pharmacology. 2) The word pharmacology comes from . A) the Dutch word droog B) the Greek word pharmakon C) the Greek word prophylaxis D) the Latin word medicina Answer: B Explanation: A) The Dutch word droog is where we get the word drug. B) Correct. Pharmacology comes from the Greek word pharmakon. C) The Greek word prophylaxis means to keep guard before. D) The Latin word medicina is where we get the word medicine or medication. 3) Drugs have three medical uses. Which of the following is NOT one of those uses? A) Drugs can provide evidence that a disease is present. B) Drugs can treat symptoms, signs, and diseases. C) Drugs can prevent disease. D) Drugs can cause symptoms, signs, and diseases. Answer: D Explanation: A) Diagnose: This is one of the three medical uses for drugs. B) Treat: This is one of the three medical uses for drugs. C) Prevent: This is one of the three medical uses for drugs. D) Correct. This is true, but it is not one of the medical uses for a drug.

4) The use of drugs during x-ray procedures and other medical tests to show evidence of a disease is known as ________. A) a preventive use B) a diagnostic use C) treating symptoms and signs of a disease D) None of the above Answer: B Explanation: A) The preventive use of drugs does not occur during a radiologic procedure. B) Correct. A diagnostic use does show evidence of a disease. C) Drugs used during radiologic procedures are not treating a disease. D) One of these answers is correct. 5) The medicinal use of foxglove to make the drug digoxin (Lanoxin) is an example of a modern drug derived from ________. A) an animal B) a mineral C) a plant D) a trace element Answer: C Explanation: A) Foxglove is not an animal. B) Foxglove is not a mineral. C) Correct. Foxglove is a plant. D) Foxglove is not a trace element. 6) The drug Premarin, a female hormone replacement used to treat the symptoms of menopause, is derived from ________. A) pregnant mares' urine B) margarine and oils C) the lanolin from processed sheep's wool D) powdered rose hips Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. The drug name Premarin is taken from the phrase pregnant mares' urine. B) Premarin is not derived from margarine and oils. C) Premarin is not derived from lanolin from processed sheep's wool. D) Premarin is not derived from powdered rose hips.

7) Which of the following has NEVER been the source of a drug used to treat diabetes mellitus? A) ground-up beef pancreas B) the saliva of Gila monsters C) ground-up pork pancreas D) lanolin from sheep Answer: D Explanation: A) Ground-up animal pancreas was a source of insulin for treating diabetes mellitus the past. B) The saliva of the Gila monster is a source of the antidiabetic drug Byetta. C) Ground-up pig pancreas was a source of insulin for treating diabetes mellitus in the past. D) Correct. Lanolin is a topical drug; it is not used to treat diabetes mellitus. 8) In the past, without the use of computers, designing a new drug was ________. A) a quick process, done by just repositioning molecules B) a slow process of trial and error C) not done, because drug companies didn't know about molecular structures D) easy to do, by using models of wood and wire Answer: B Explanation: A) Without the use of computers, designing a new drug was not a quick process. B) Correct. Without computers, drug design was a slow process in the past. C) Even before computers, drug companies knew about molecular structures. D) Manipulating wood and wire models was slow. 9) Which drug was NOT created using molecular manipulation? A) the antibiotic drug ampicillin B) the antianxiety drug diazepam (Valium) C) human insulin (Humulin) D) the antihistamine fexofenadine (Allegra) Answer: C Explanation: A) Ampicillin was created from penicillin by molecular manipulation. B) Diazepam (Valium) was created from chlordiazepoxide by molecular manipulation. C) Correct. Human insulin (Humulin) was created by recombinant DNA technology, not molecular manipulation. D) Fexofenadine (Allegra) was created from another antihistamine drug by molecular manipulation.

10) Information from the human genome has led to the development of the subspecialty area of ________ in research and drug design. A) pharmacogenetics B) pharmacogenomics C) pharmacology D) A and B Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) Pharmacology existed before the human genome was discovered. D) Correct. 11) Prescription drugs are defined as those drugs that ________. A) meet clinical trial requirements and are approved by the FDA B) are stronger than what is allowed for over-the-counter use C) are not safe to use except under professional medical supervision D) contain addictive properties that prevent over-the-counter use Answer: C Explanation: A) This is not a correct description of a prescription drug. B) This is not a correct description of a prescription drug. C) Correct. This is the definition of a prescription drug. D) This is not a correct description of a prescription drug. 12) Which of the following statements concerning schedule drugs is TRUE? A) Schedule I drugs can be included—in small doses—in over-the-counter drugs. B) Schedule I drugs have the highest potential for abuse and addiction, while Schedule V drugs have the lowest. C) Schedule V drugs are not available under any circumstances, even with a prescription. D) Schedule V drugs have the highest potential for abuse and addiction, while Schedule I drugs have the lowest. Answer: B Explanation: A) Schedule I drugs have no currently accepted medical use. B) Correct. This is true. C) It is Schedule I drugs, not Schedule V drugs, that are not available under any circumstances. Schedule V drugs are available. D) It is Schedule I drugs that have the highest potential for abuse and addiction, while Schedule V drugs have the lowest.

13) The Orphan Drug Act was passed to ________. A) facilitate the development of new drugs to treat rare diseases B) make drug companies responsible for drug substitution and mislabeling that caused deaths C) require drug companies to provide an accurate list of the drug's ingredients D) speed up the approval process of new drugs Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. This is a true statement. B) This occurred in the 1912 amendment to The Food and Drugs Act of 1906, not the Orphan Drug Act. C) This occurred in the 1912 amendment to The Food and Drugs Act of 1906, not the Orphan Drug Act. D) This occurred in The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Modernization Act, not the Orphan Drug Act. 14) When analgesic drugs are used to control arthritis pain, this is an example of the ________ use of drugs. A) therapeutic B) pharmacologic C) preventive D) diagnostic Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. The therapeutic use is to treat the symptom of the disease. B) The pharmacologic use of drugs is too broad a concept and would include every drug and every use. C) Analgesic drugs are not used to prevent pain. D) Analgesic drugs are not used to diagnose pain. 15) One drug used to treat Alzheimer's disease was originally derived from ________. A) yams B) periwinkle C) daffodils D) autumn crocus Answer: C Explanation: A) Some estrogen hormone replacement therapy drugs are derived from yams. B) The drug vincristine to treat cancer is derived from periwinkle. C) Correct. Galantamine (Razadyne) from daffodils is used to treat Alzheimer disease. D) Colchicine to treat gout is derived from the autumn crocus.

16) Original plant sources of some commonly used drugs include all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) oak tree B) rose hips C) hot pepper plant D) opium poppy Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. No drugs have been developed from the oak tree. B) Rose hips are an original plant source for vitamin C. C) The hot pepper plant is an original plant source of capsaicin for topical pain relief. D) The opium poppy is an original plant source for morphine. 17) From the moment of its discovery or creation, every drug has a ________ name that is assigned by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). A) brand B) chemical C) generic D) trade Answer: B Explanation: A) The brand name, or trade name, is created by the drug company, not IUPAC. B) Correct. C) The drug company, working together with the United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council, not the IUPAC, determines a drug's generic name. D) The trade name, or brand name, is created by the drug company, not IUPAC. 18) Which of the following drug names would have a trademark ™ after it? A) chemical name B) generic name C) molecular structure D) trade name Answer: D Explanation: A) A drug's chemical name is assigned by the IUPAC, not trademarked. B) The generic name is not trademarked. C) A drug's molecular structure, is a structure, not a name. D) Correct. The trade name from the drug company would be trademarked.

19) Which of the following is NOT the same as the proprietary name of a drug? A) generic name B) brand name C) trade name D) None of the above Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) The brand name is another name for the proprietary name. C) The trade name is another name for the proprietary name. D) One of the answers is correct. 20) Drugs can be created or designed in all of the following ways, EXCEPT ________. A) from substances in nature B) using dietary supplements C) by computer D) by recombinant DNA technology Answer: B Explanation: A) Drugs are created from substances in nature. B) Correct. Dietary supplements are already a type of drug. C) Drugs are created by computer molecular manipulation. D) Drugs are created by recombinant DNA technology. 21) The drug digoxin (Lanoxin) that is used today to treat congestive heart failure was derived from the ________. A) foxglove plant B) belladonna plant C) opium poppy flower D) French lilac flower Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) This drug was not derived from the belladonna plant. C) This drug was not derived from the opium poppy flower. D) This drug was not derived from the French lilac flower.

22) Recombinant DNA technology involves ________. A) using enzymes to cut apart segments of DNA gene splicing B) cloning a large supply of DNA segments C) transferring the segments from the host to the recipient D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct. 23) The United States Adopted Names (USAN) Council ________. A) gives the final approval for marketing of a drug B) works with the drug company to determine the generic name for a drug C) selects the generic and trade names for all drugs D) names all new chemical and molecular substances Answer: B Explanation: A) The FDA, not the USAN, gives final approval for marketing of a drug. B) Correct. C) The USAN does not select the trade names for drugs. D) The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), not the USAN, assigns the chemical name. 24) The government agency responsible for regulating the manufacturing and dispensing of controlled substances is called the ________. A) Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) B) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) C) United States Pharmacopeia D) Schedule Drug Agency Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reviews drugs during clinical trials and evaluates their safety. C) The United States Pharmacopeia is a book that lists all the drugs that are approved. D) There is no such governmental agency.

25) Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) A chemical name only has one generic drug name associated with it. B) The trade name is specifically designed to be easy for patients to remember. C) Drug companies follow standard spelling rules for their trade name drugs. D) There is often a common suffix for generic drugs that belong to the same drug category. Answer: C Explanation: A) This statement is true. B) This statement is true. C) Correct. Trade name drugs can be difficult to spell because drug companies are not required to follow any standard spellings. D) This statement is true. 26) A Schedule divides drugs by their ________. A) cost to the patient B) potential for physical dependence C) potential for psychological dependence D) B and C Answer: D Explanation: A) A Schedule is not related to the cost of a drug. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct. 27) An example of a Schedule I drug is ________. A) aspirin B) Ambien C) LSD D) morphine Answer: C Explanation: A) Aspirin is not a Schedule drug. It is an over-the-counter drug with no potential for addiction. B) Ambien is a Schedule IV drug, not a Schedule I drug. C) Correct. LSD is a Schedule I drug. D) Morphine is a Schedule II drug.

28) The Controlled Substances Act created ________ categories of drugs based on their potential for addiction. A) seven B) three C) five D) ten Answer: C Explanation: A) There are not seven categories of controlled substances. B) There are not three categories of controlled substances. C) Correct. There are five categories of controlled substances. D) There are not ten categories of controlled substances. 29) Which name accurately describes the molecular structure of a drug and distinguishes it from all other drugs? A) brand name B) chemical name C) generic name D) trade name Answer: B Explanation: A) The brand name does not to describe molecular structure. B) Correct. C) The generic name does not describe molecular structure. D) The trade name does not describe molecular structure. 30) The first recombinant DNA technology drug to be approved by the FDA was ________. A) an over-the-counter drug B) a vaccine to prevent influenza C) a drug from pregnant mares' urine D) human insulin Answer: D Explanation: A) Recombinant DNA technology is not used to produce over-the-counter drugs. B) The influenza vaccine was not the first recombinant DNA drug. C) The drug from pregnant mares' urine, a natural source (not recombinant DNA technology), is Premarin. D) Correct. Human insulin (Humulin) was the first FDA-approved recombinant DNA drug.

31) The belladonna plant was the original source of the drugs ________ that are still used today. A) atropine and digoxin B) aspirin and morphine C) atropine and scopolamine D) colchicine and morphine Answer: C Explanation: A) Atropine is from the belladonna plant, but digoxin is from the foxglove plant. B) Aspirin is from the willow tree, and morphine is from the opium poppy. C) Correct. Atropine and scopolamine are from the belladonna plant. D) Colchicine is from the autumn crocus, and morphine is from the opium poppy plant. 32) Rose hips from the rose plant are still used today as a natural source of ________. A) morphine B) vitamin C C) insulin D) All of the above Answer: B Explanation: A) Morphine is from the opium poppy plant. B) Correct. Vitamin C dietary supplement is from rose hips. C) Insulin is not derived from rose hips. D) Rose hips are the natural source for only one of these drugs. 33) All of the following are minerals that are used in drugs or as dietary supplements EXCEPT ________. A) iron B) calcium C) gold D) cinchona bark Answer: D Explanation: A) Iron is a mineral that is used as a dietary supplement. B) Calcium is a mineral that is used as a dietary supplement. C) Gold is used in a drug for rheumatoid arthritis, not a dietary supplement. D) Correct. This is a plant, not a mineral.

34) Jamie Alvarez is going to fly in an airplane for the first time. She is afraid she might experience motion sickness, so she has decided to first take the over-the-counter drug Dramamine. This is an example of the ________ use of a drug. A) preventive B) therapeutic C) diagnostic D) All of the above Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. Taking a drug to prevent motion sickness is preventative. B) A therapeutic drug is taken once the motion sickness has already occurred. C) A diagnostic drug helps diagnose an illness, not prevent it. D) Dramamine only falls under one of these uses of drugs, not all of them. 35) In the year 2000, the Human Genome Project ________. A) identified the double-helix structure of DNA B) mapped all 3.2 billion parts of the human genome C) became another name for gene replacement therapy D) determined what the names of new DNA drugs should be Answer: B Explanation: A) The double-helix structure was discovered by Watson and Crick in 1962. B) Correct. C) The Human Genome Project is not another name for gene replacement therapy. D) The Human Genome Project is not related to the naming of drugs. 36) The majority of drugs are used to control, improve, or cure symptoms, signs of disease. This is known as a ________ use. A) preventive B) diagnostic C) prescription D) therapeutic Answer: D Explanation: A) Drugs for preventive use are taken before symptoms and diseases occur. B) Drugs for diagnostic use do not control, improve, or cure symptoms or diseases. C) Prescription drugs are not the only kinds of drugs used to cure symptoms or diseases. D) Correct.

37) A prescription drug can be obtained with a ________. A) written prescription from a physician or physician's assistant B) verbal order from a dentist C) written prescription or verbal order from a healthcare professional whose license permits this D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct. 38) Which of these ancient peoples practiced pharmacology? A) Egyptians B) Chinese C) Native Americans of North America and Aztec Indians of Mexico D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct. 39) If you had lived during the 1700s and 1800s, it would not have been unusual for you to ________. A) have taken a drug that contained opium, heroin, or cocaine B) be addicted without knowing it after taking a drug for a common disease C) take a drug whose addictive ingredients were not listed on the label D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct.

40) The chemical name of a drug ________. A) is too lengthy and complicated for everyday use by healthcare professionals B) is only used by researchers and consumers C) is the same as the generic name of the drug D) All of the above Answer: A Explanation: A) This is true. B) The chemical name is only used by drug companies and researchers, never by consumers. C) The chemical name is not the same as the generic name of a drug. D) Only one of the answers is correct. 41) Which of the following are examples of drugs discovered in the environment? A) capsaicin from the hot pepper plant B) an anticancer drug from yew tree needles C) cephalosporin antibiotic drugs from a fungus in a sewer outlet D) All were discovered in the environment. Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct. 42) A dextrorotary drug ________. A) is an isomer B) has a molecular structure rotated to the right C) includes the drug dextromethorphan for coughing D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct.

43) The FDA will allow a prescription drug to be reclassified as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug if ________. A) the prescription drug is too dangerous to use at its higher doses B) a patient can easily diagnose and monitor his/her own condition C) there is enough public pressure after a drug tragedy D) All of the above Answer: B Explanation: A) If a prescription drug is too dangerous, the FDA will remove it from the market, not reclassify it as an over-the-counter drug. B) Correct. The patient must be able to easily diagnose and self-monitor self when taking an OTC drug. C) This is not one of the reasons for reclassifying a prescription drug as an OTC drug. D) One of these is a reason for reclassifying, but not all of them. 44) All of the following are advantages to reclassifying a prescription drug to be an over-the-counter drug (OTC), EXCEPT ________. A) the cost of the OTC drug will be lower B) the patient will have better access to quick treatment C) there will be a greater chance for drug-drug interactions D) the patient will need fewer doctor visits for prescription refills Answer: C Explanation: A) This is an advantage for OTC drugs. B) This is an advantage for OTC drugs. C) Correct. This is a disadvantage, not an advantage, of OTC drugs. D) This is an advantage for OTC drugs. 45) The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 did all of the following, EXCEPT ________. A) regulate controlled substances B) introduce the word narcotic C) divide potentially addictive drugs into categories D) regulate Schedule drugs Answer: B Explanation: A) The Controlled Substances Act did do this. B) Correct. The word narcotic was introduced by The Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914. C) The Controlled Substances Act did do this. D) The Controlled Substances Act did do this.

46) When designing a drug, a computer can do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) display the molecular structure of any drug in its database B) identify chemicals that would probably not be successful in treating a particular disease C) rotate any molecule in three dimensions D) transfer DNA segments to a host Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct. This is only done with recombinant DNA technology. 47) Pharmacology includes all of the following interrelated topics, EXCEPT ________. A) philosophy and religion B) chemistry and genetics C) patient education D) legislation and technology Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. Pharmacology does not include these topics. B) Pharmacology includes these topics. C) Pharmacology includes this topic. D) Pharmacology includes these topics. 48) The process of combining of substances from plants, animals, and minerals to form a single drug is known as ________. A) molecular pharmacology B) personalized medicine C) compounding D) human genome Answer: C Explanation: A) This does not describe molecular pharmacology B) This does not describe personalized medicine. C) Correct. This does describe the process of compounding. D) This does not describe the human genome.

49) Which of the following is true about drugs in the Middle Ages? A) Some of the drug ingredients were based on medical lore and superstition. B) Some of the drug ingredients were therapeutic. C) Some of the drug ingredients were worthless or even harmful. D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct. 50) The mineral gold is used in a drug to treat ________. A) diabetes mellitus B) rheumatoid arthritis C) mineral deficiency D) baldness Answer: B Explanation: A) Gold is not used to treat diabetes mellitus. B) Correct. The gold compound drug auranofin (Ridaura) is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. C) Gold is not used to treat a mineral deficiency. D) Gold is not used to treat baldness. 51) Which substances have been created as drugs through recombinant DNA technology? A) clotting factors B) erythropoietin C) human growth factor D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct.

52) Slight molecular changes to a drug can significantly affect all of the following EXCEPT its ________. A) absorption and metabolism B) half-life C) therapeutic effect and side effects D) cost Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct. Molecular changes do not correlate to a drug's cost. 53) The drug exenatide (Byetta), used to treat diabetes mellitus, is derived from ________. A) coal mining B) the saliva of the Gila monster C) the venom of the cone snail D) recombinant DNA technology Answer: B Explanation: A) Topical coal tar drugs for psoriasis are derived from coal mining. B) Correct. C) Prialt, not Byetta, is derived from venom of the cone snail. D) Byetta was not created with recombinant DNA technology. 54) A designer drug ________. A) has a chemical structure similar to a Schedule I or II drug B) is known as an analog C) is created to avoid prosecution under existing drug laws. D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct.

55) The Federal Analogue Act of 1986 made it easier to prosecute those who produced and sold ________. A) prescription drugs B) designer drugs C) over-the-counter drugs D) Schedule drugs Answer: B Explanation: A) This Act does not deal with prescription drugs. B) Correct. The Federal Analogue Act targets designer drugs. C) This Act does not deal with over-the-counter drugs. D) This Act does not deal with Schedule drugs. 56) A comprehensive list of all drugs and their ingredients and uses was known as ________. A) a recipe B) pharmacology C) a pharmacopoeia D) an apothecary Answer: C Explanation: A) A recipe is a list of ingredients, but for just one drug. B) Pharmacology is a study area, not a list. C) Correct. D) An apothecary is an older word for a drug store. 57) The federal government classifies marijuana as an illegal Schedule ________ drug. A) I B) II C) III D) IV Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. Marijuana is a Schedule I drug. B) Schedule II drugs are not illegal. C) Schedule III drugs are not illegal. D) Schedule IV drugs are not illegal.

58) Pharmacies today do compounding for all of the following reasons EXCEPT ________. A) to flavor a medication B) to create a new generic drug C) to remove ingredients that cause an allergy to a patient D) to change the form of a drug for a patient who cannot swallow tablets. Answer: B Explanation: A) This is a reason to do compounding. B) Correct. A pharmacist cannot create a new generic drug. C) This is a reason to do compounding. D) This is a reason to do compounding. 59) Once the FDA gives final approval for a generic drug, the drug company creates a ________. A) chemical name B) generic name C) molecular name D) trade name Answer: D Explanation: A) The chemical name is assigned by the IUPAC, not the drug company. B) The generic name is developed by both the drug company and the U.S. Adopted Names Council before the FDA gives final approval for marketing. C) A drug does not have a molecular name, but uses a chemical name instead to describe the drug's molecular structure. D) Correct. 60) The trade name of the drug Lithobid was selected to indicate ________. A) the name of the drug company B) how often the drug is to be given C) the amount of the active ingredient D) the disease the drug is used to treat Answer: B Explanation: A) The name Lithobid does not indicate the name of the drug company. B) Correct. Lithobid indicates how often the drug is to be taken (b.i.d., twice a day). C) The name Lithobid does not indicate the amount of the active ingredient. D) The name Lithobid does not indicate the disease the drug is used to treat.

61) All of the following are reasons why the trade names of some drugs are spelled in a certain way. Identify the reason that is NOT true. A) The spelling of the trade name indicates the duration of time before the drug expires. B) The spelling of the trade name indicates the drug's source. C) The spelling of the trade name indicates the disease or symptoms being treated. D) The spelling of the trade name indicates how often the drug should be taken. Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. The spelling does NOT indicate the duration of time before expiration. B) The spelling of some trade names DO indicate the drug's source. C) The spelling of some trade names DO indicate the disease process the drug is used to treat. D) The spelling of some trade names DO indicate how often the drug should be taken. 62) The first monoclonal antibody drug was developed in ________. A) 1896 B) 1936 C) 1986 D) 2021 Answer: C Explanation: A) The first monoclonal antibody drug was developed later than this. B) The first monoclonal antibody drug was developed later than this. C) Correct. D) The first monoclonal antibody drug was developed before this. 63) All of the following are reasons why the trade names of some drugs are spelled in a certain way. Identify the reason that is NOT true. A) The spelling of the trade name indicates the length of the drug's patent. B) The spelling of the trade name indicates the drug's source. C) The spelling of the trade name indicates the disease process being treated. D) The spelling of the trade name indicates how often the drug should be taken. Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. The drug patent is NOT reflected in the drug name spelling. B) The spelling of some trade names DO indicate the drug's source. C) The spelling of some trade names DO indicate the disease process the drug is used to treat. D) The spelling of some trade names DO indicate how often the drug should be taken.

64) The trade name of the drug Lithobid was selected to indicate ________. A) the name of the drug company B) how often the drug is to be given C) the amount of the active ingredient D) the disease the drug is used to treat Answer: B Explanation: A) The name Lithobid does not indicate the name of the drug company B) Correct. C) The name Lithobid does not indicate the amount of the active ingredient D) The name Lithobid does not indicate the disease the drug is used to treat. 65) The trade names of these drugs all indicate a double-strength dose, a controlled-delivery dose, or a long-acting dose of a drug, EXCEPT ________. A) Bactrim DS B) Cortizone-5 C) Cardizem, CD D) Ritalin LA Answer: B Explanation: A) This trade name indicates a double-strength drug. B) Correct. This shows the drug's strength, but it is not double strength. C) This trade name indicates a controlled-release drug. D) This trade name indicates a long-acting drug. 66) All of these trade names indicate what part of the body or what disease or symptoms the drug is used to treat, EXCEPT ________. A) Sudafed B) Pepcid C) Boniva D) Lipitor Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. Sudafed just keeps some recognizable parts generic drug name. B) Pepcid indicates that the drug is used to treat peptic ulcers. C) Boniva indicates that the drug strengthens the bone. D) Lipitor indicates that the drug is used to decrease blood lipids.

67) Over-the-counter drugs ________. A) do not require a prescription and can be purchased by any adult B) do not require a prescription and can be purchased by anyone C) require a prescription and can be purchased by any adult D) require a prescription and can be purchased by anyone Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) While nonprescription drugs do not require a prescription, they can only be purchased by an adult. C) Nonprescription drugs do not require a prescription. D) Nonprescription drugs do not require a prescription. 68) All of the following are types of pharmacies, EXCEPT ________. A) ambulatory B) compounding C) satellite D) formulary Answer: D Explanation: A) This is a type of pharmacy. B) This is a type of pharmacy. C) This is a type of pharmacy. D) Correct. This is a list of approved drugs, not a type of pharmacy. 69) Medication therapy management ________. A) helps a patient understand the drugs they are being treated with B) is a service provided by the pharmacist C) prevents medication errors and improve patient compliance D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct. 1.2

True/False Questions

1) The discipline of pharmacology impacts a student's chosen career as well as his/her personal life as a consumer. Answer: TRUE 2) In common usage, the word drug can be used interchangeably with the word medicine. Answer: TRUE

3) The Egyptians applied moldy bread to abrasions, a practice that we now know actually had some therapeutic basis. Answer: TRUE 4) The opium poppy was used to create morphine to treat severe pain. Answer: TRUE 5) An isomer is a drug molecule with the same number and types of atoms as another drug, but has those atoms arranged in a different way. Answer: TRUE 6) Multivitamin supplements contain minerals such as calcium, iron, gold, copper, and zinc. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Gold is only found in the drug auranofin (Ridaura), which is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. 7) The isolation of potassium from water in 1800s marked the beginning of modern drug therapy using chemically pure ingredients. Answer: FALSE Explanation: It was the isolation of morphine from opium, not potassium from water. 8) In the 1800s, pharmacists had to prepare drug, such as syrup bases and hand-rolled suppositories. Answer: TRUE 9) Drugs in the 1700s and 1800s often listed an addictive ingredient on its label, and consumers knew to avoid this. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Addictive ingredients were not mentioned on drug labels and many became addicted. 10) The Dietary Supplements and Health and Education Act of 1994 made the FDA responsible for regulating herbal products and dietary supplements and liable for claims against those products. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The Act allowed the FDA to set up guidelines, but not regulate herbal products and dietary supplements. The Act made drug companies liable for claims against their herbal products and dietary supplements. 11) The FDA regulates prescription drugs, but not over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The FDA regulates both prescription and OTC drugs. 12) Prescription drugs can only be obtained with a written order or a verbal order from a healthcare provider whose license permits this. Answer: TRUE 24 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc.

13) An OTC drug is defined as a drug that can be purchased without a prescription but requires the consumer to have a laboratory test first. Answer: FALSE Explanation: An OTC drug is defined as one that can be purchased without a prescription and is generally considered safe for consumers to use if the label's directions and warnings are followed carefully and all warnings are heeded. 14) The FDA regulates prescription drugs, but the DEA regulates over-the-counter drugs. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The FDA regulates both prescription and OTC drugs. 15) The FDA only allows physicians to prescribe FDA-approved drugs to patients. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The FDA allows licensed healthcare providers, such as a physician, physician's assistants, nurse practitioner, or dentist, to prescribe investigational drugs. 16) In order to prevent childhood diseases, the American Academy of Pediatrics issues an annual immunization schedule listing the immunizations to be given to children before they enroll in school. Answer: TRUE 17) A drug or a medicine can be thought of as any nonfood chemical substance that affects the mind or the body. Answer: TRUE 18) The word drug can mean a medicine, but it can also refer to illegal or street drugs. Answer: TRUE 19) The 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act gives the FDA the authority to regulate dietary supplements as drugs. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The FDA does not have this authority. 20) A drug's label and package must show the drug's assigned Schedule. Answer: TRUE 21) As they did in the early 1900s, pharmacists today daily prepare the drugs they dispense, and they also provide patient information and education. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The pharmacist usually does not prepare drugs any more. 22) The marijuana plant is sold as the prescription drug Marinol. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Marinol is a synthetic drug whose action is similar to marijuana.

23) The FDA has standards for the spelling of trade name drug, and drug companies must follow those standards. Answer: FALSE Explanation: There are no standards for the spelling of trade name drugs. 24) Traditional Chinese herbal remedies have not been found to be effective or therapeutic according to Western standards of medicine. Answer: FALSE Explanation: It has been found that 45 percent of traditional Chinese herbal remedies are therapeutic according to Western medicine standards. 25) We know from reading the newspaper that cocaine is available illegally as a street drug, but topical cocaine is also a Schedule II drug with legitimate medical uses. Answer: TRUE 26) The manufacturing, storage, dispensing, and disposal of controlled substances are strictly regulated by both federal and state laws. Answer: TRUE 27) Pharmacology is one of the oldest branches of medicine. Answer: TRUE 28) A Schedule drug is also known as a controlled substance. Answer: TRUE 29) Many drugs still in use today were originally taken from plant, animal, or mineral sources many years ago. Answer: TRUE 30) The Orphan Drug Act facilitates the development of new drugs to treat patients who are poor and needy and cannot afford medical care. Answer: FALSE Explanation: This Act facilitates the development of new drugs to treat rare diseases that affect fewer than 200,000 people. 31) By law, the over-the-counter version of a prescription drug can only contain one half the strength of the prescription drug. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The OTC drug is usually at a lower dose or strength but not specifically one half. 32) The United States Pharmacopoeia was first published in 1820. Answer: TRUE 33) Gene replacement therapy creates a person's missing or nonfunctioning gene. Answer: TRUE

34) Pharmacies in each state and the pharmacists working in them must be licensed by that state. Answer: TRUE 35) A contraceptive drug is used to diagnose pregnancy. Answer: FALSE Explanation: A contraceptive drug is used to prevent pregnancy. 36) Mold is the original plant source for penicillin, the first antibiotic drug. Answer: TRUE 37) The first law that regulated drugs with the potential for abuse and dependence was The Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914. Answer: TRUE 38) The suffix -olol is common to generic beta-blocker drugs. Answer: TRUE 39) A satellite pharmacy is one that is located on the International Space Station. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Large hospitals have a central pharmacy but also smaller satellite pharmacies in different locations throughout the hospital. 40) A hospital pharmacy can dispenses drugs to anyone who has a prescription. Answer: FALSE Explanation: A hospital pharmacy only dispenses drugs to patients who are being treated in the hospital. 41) Some pharmacies today still do compounding of drugs. Answer: TRUE 42) Long-term care facilities have their own in-house pharmacy on site. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Skilled nursing facilities and long-term care facilities do not have in-house pharmacies; instead, a pharmacy supply company delivers their drugs, which are kept at each nurses' station or patient care unit. 43) The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) accredits online pharmacies who fill prescriptions over the Internet. Answer: TRUE 44) Robots and automated dispensing systems are used in hospitals to fill prescriptions. Answer: TRUE 45) A pharmacy technician is another name for a pharmacist with technical training. Answer: FALSE Explanation: A pharmacy technician is an assistant who performs pharmacy-related tasks under the direction of a pharmacist. 27 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc.

46) The suffix -mab is common to every generic monoclonal antibody drug. Answer: TRUE 47) A chemical name usually has two or more generic drug names associated with it. Answer: FALSE Explanation: A chemical name only has one generic name related to it. 48) It is illegal to give a controlled substance to any person without that person's knowledge. Answer: TRUE 49) Medical marijuana is helpful in treating patients with HIV/AIDS and nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy drugs. Answer: TRUE 50) The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy accredits online pharmacies. Answer: TRUE 51) If a prescription is filled by a pharmacy technician, it is then be checked for accuracy by a pharmacist. Answer: TRUE 52) An outpatient pharmacy is also known as drug store. Answer: FALSE Explanation: An outpatient pharmacy is also known as an ambulatory pharmacy. 53) Each pharmacy is required to be licensed by the state where it is located. Answer: TRUE 1.3

Short Answer Questions

1) The word ________ is derived from a Dutch word that means "dry," and it refers to the use of dried herbs and plants as the first medicines. Answer: drug 2) The administration of a preventive drug is known as ________, from a Greek word meaning "to keep guard before." Answer: prophylaxis 3) The symbol ________, which comes from the Latin word recipere, meaning "to take or receive," indicates a prescription for a drug (originally one whose recipe contained one or more ingredients). Answer: Rx 4) Controlled substances are divided into five categories or ________ based on their potential for physical and psychological dependence. Answer: Schedules 28 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc.

5) The word ________ refers to a drug that is administered for its value as a preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic agent. Answer: medicine 6) The abbreviation FDA stands for the ________. Answer: Food and Drug Administration 7) A drug's generic name always begins with a/an ________ letter. Answer: lowercase 8) The topical drug ________ was the first prescription drug approved for use as an over-the-counter drug. Answer: hydrocortisone 9) Define these abbreviations. DEA ________ DS ________ FDA ________ LA ________ OTC ________ rDNA ________ Answer: Drug Enforcement Administration; double strength; Food and Drug Administration; long acting; over-the-counter; recombinant DNA. 10) Today's modern pharmacy began originally as a storehouse for dried plants and herbs that was known then as a/an ________. Answer: apothecary 11) We can remember what the drug auranofin (Ridaura) contains, because the "au" in both drug names stands for the chemical symbol Au and for the mineral ________. Answer: gold 12) ________ is the knowledge of how genetic makeup of different people affects their responses to drugs. Answer: Pharmacogenetics 13) A hospital pharmacy is also known as a/an ________ pharmacy. Answer: inpatient 14) The first drug to be made by recombinant DNA technology was human insulin, and its trade name was ________. Answer: Humulin 15) Deciphering the human ________ in 2000 opened up the field of possibility of using genes as drug therapy. Answer: genome 29 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc.

16) Many states have passed laws to legalize or decriminalize the use of ________ for medical purposes, even though the federal government bans it as a Schedule I drug. Answer: marijuana 17) The antidiabetic drug exenatide (Byetta) comes from the ________ of the Gila monster poisonous lizard. Answer: saliva 18) An outpatient pharmacy in a clinic is also known as a/an ________ pharmacy. Answer: ambulatory 19) ________ is the computerized creation and transmission of a prescription from a healthcare provider to the pharmacy. Answer: E-prescribing 20) Pharmacy ________ is the use of a computerized database to store drug information and automate its retrieval. Answer: informatics 21) A/An ________ is a healthcare professional who manages a pharmacy and dispenses medications. Answer: pharmacist 22) Darlene Ellis has been prescribed the drug Nasalcrom. From the trade name of the drug, you can tell that the drug is used to treat this part of her body: ________. Answer: nose 23) A/An ________ drug is a prescription drug that has the potential for abuse or addiction. Answer: Schedule 24) Darlene Ellis has been prescribed the drug Nasalcrom. From the trade name of the drug, you can tell that the drug is used to treat this part of her body: ________. Answer: nose 25) Define these abbreviations. Fe ________ K ________ LA ________ SR ________ Answer: iron, potassium, long-acting, slow-release 26) The abbreviation Rx stands for the Latin word recipere, meaning "to ________." Answer: take 27) A hospital pharmacy is also known as a/an ________ pharmacy. Answer: inpatient 30 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc.

28) A large hospital may have a large central pharmacy as well as several smaller ________ pharmacies. Answer: satellite 29) The use of a computerized database to store drug information and automate its retrieval when needed is known as pharmacy ________. Answer: informatics 1.4

Matching Questions

Match the examples with their correct medical use. A) prevent diseases B) diagnose disease C) treat symptoms, signs, conditions, and diseases 1) vaccinations given to immunize children 2) radiopaque dye used during x-ray procedures 3) antibiotics to kill bacteria and cure an infection 4) insulin to treat diabetes mellitus 5) contraceptive pills taken to avoid pregnancy Answers: 1) A 2) B 3) C 4) C 5) A

Match the drug name with its discovery process. A) a totally new chemical is derived from molecular manipulation of a drug that is already in use B) a totally new chemical created through genetic DNA manipulation C) a totally new chemical substance discovered in the environment, from plants, animals, or the soil 6) diazepam 7) ampicillin 8) fexofenadine (Allegra) 9) human insulin (Humulin) 10) streptomycin 11) zinconotide (Prialt) Answers: 6) A 7) A 8) A 9) B 10) C 11) C 1.5

Essay Questions

1) The FDA approves a prescription drug being reclassified as an over-the-counter drug if certain criteria are met. Describe all four of the criteria that need to be met. Answer: The FDA approves a prescription drug being reclassified as an OTC drug if the following criteria are met: (1) the indication for the drug's OTC use is similar to its use as a prescription drug, (2) the patient can easily diagnose and monitor his or her own condition when using the OTC drug, (3) the OTC drug has a low rate of side effects/toxicity and a low potential for abuse, and (4) use of the OTC drug does not require the patient to have any special monitoring or ongoing tests. 2) Provide a brief comparison between the definitions of these words: drug, medicine, and prescription drug. Answer: The word drug means dry and refers to the use of dried herbs and plants as the first medicines. The Latin word for drug is medicina, from which we derive the words medicine and medication. A drug is any nonfood chemical substance that affects the mind or the body. The word medicine refers to a drug that is deliberately administered for its medicinal value as a preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic agent. In common usage, the word drug can be used interchangeably with the word medicine, but drug can also refer to chemical substances that do not have a preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic use (example: an illegal or street drug).

3) Describe the historical development of the apothecary, the first hospital-based pharmacy, and the first drug store operated by a registered pharmacist. Answer: The first apothecary shop was established in the United States in 1729, the first hospital-based pharmacy in 1751, and the first drug store operated by a registered pharmacist in 1823. 4) What are the three arguments made by those who oppose reclassification of prescription drugs to become over-the-counter drugs? Answer: Opponents to reclassification use these arguments: (1) consumers may actually pay more because health insurance plans will not reimburse for OTC drugs, (2) the excessive use of OTC drugs may increase the number of adverse drug-drug interactions, and (3) consumers may try to treat a serious illness with an OTC drug instead of visiting their healthcare providers for appropriate treatment with a prescription drug.

Understanding Pharmacology for Health Professionals, 6e (Turley) Chapter 2 Drug Testing, Drug Forms, and Drug Measurements 2.1

Multiple Choice Questions

1) A solid drug form that contains the active drug (as a dried powder) plus inert ingredients to provide bulk and a standardized size is known as a/an ________. A) capsule B) ointment C) tablet D) emulsion Answer: C Explanation: A) A capsule comes in two forms, either a gelatin shell or a two-piece, hard shell, not a solid drug form. B) An ointment is a semisolid emulsion of oil and water, not a solid drug form C) Correct. D) An emulsion is a type of solution, not a solid drug form. 2) What type of tablet has an indented line running across it so that it can be easily broken into equal pieces? A) caplet B) enteric C) scored D) troche Answer: C Explanation: A) Caplets are coated tablets in the form of an elongated capsule. They do not have an indented line running across them. B) An enteric tablet is covered with a special coating that resists stomach acid. An enteric tablet does not have an indented line running across it. C) Correct. D) A troche is an elongated tablet that disintegrates to release the drug topically in the mouth. It does not have an indented line running across it. 3) A drug's trade name will often include abbreviations such as CR, LA, SR, or XL. These abbreviations indicate which type of tablet? A) caplets B) enteric C) slow-release D) troche Answer: C Explanation: A) These abbreviations do not indicate that the drug is a caplet. B) These abbreviations do not indicate that the drug is enteric. C) Correct. D) These abbreviations do not indicate that the drug is a troche. 1 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc.

4) Which drug form comes in two different varieties: a soft gelatin shell and a two-piece hard shell? A) capsule B) cream C) ointment D) tablet Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) A cream is a semisolid emulsion of oil and water. It does not have a shell. C) An ointment is a semisolid emulsion of oil and water. It does not have a shell. D) A tablet is a solid drug form that contains the active drug. There are several types of tablets, but none have a shell. 5) The powder form of a drug can be administered in several different ways. Which of the following is NOT one of the routes of administration used for a powdered drug form? A) inhaled into the lungs B) inserted into a body cavity C) sprayed on skin D) sprinkled topically Answer: B Explanation: A) Powdered drugs do come in a canister that is activated and the powder is inhaled into the lungs. B) Correct. This is not a route of administration used for a powdered drug form. C) Powdered drugs can be sprayed onto the skin. D) Powdered drugs can be sprinkled topically onto the skin. 6) Which of the following is NOT a type of solution? A) syrup B) elixir C) foam D) suspension Answer: D Explanation: A) A syrup is a type of solution. B) An elixir is a type of solution. C) A foam is a type of solution. D) Correct. Suspensions are not a type of solution.

7) Which of the following statements is NOT a description of one of the forms of solutions? A) The drug is in fat globules dispersed uniformly throughout a water base. B) The drug is in a thickened water base with added sugar and flavoring. C) The drug is fine, undissolved particles that settle to the bottom upon standing. D) The drug is in a water and alcohol base. Answer: C Explanation: A) This describes an emulsion, which is a solution. B) This describes a syrup, which is a solution. C) Correct. This describes a suspension, which is NOT a solution. D) This describes a tincture, which is a solution. 8) Syrups are ________. A) sour and more viscous than elixirs B) sour and thinner than elixirs C) sweeter and more viscous than elixirs D) sweeter and thinner than elixirs Answer: C Explanation: A) Syrups are not sour. B) Syrups are sweet and they are thicker than elixirs. C) Correct. D) Syrups are sweet, but they are not thinner than elixirs. 9) Foams are ________. A) solutions that contain a drug in a water base B) expanded by tiny aerosol bubbles C) expelled from a container when they are used D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct.

10) A drug in the form of a suppository is used to treat patients with ________. A) diarrhea B) eye infections C) heart disease D) vomiting Answer: D Explanation: A) Patients with diarrhea are not treated with suppositories. B) Eye infections are treated with special topical ophthalmic drops or oral drugs, not suppositories. C) Suppositories are not used to treat heart disease. D) Correct. 11) Which of the following is NOT a specialized type of tablet? A) caplet B) effervescent C) lozenge D) elixir Answer: D Explanation: A) Caplets are a specialized type of tablet. B) Effervescent tablets are a specialized type of tablet. C) A lozenge is a specialized form of tablet. D) Correct. 12) The word viscous is used to describe a liquid drug. The word viscous means ________. A) clear or transparent B) thick or nonwatery C) powdered D) watery or thin Answer: B Explanation: A) Viscous does not mean "clear or transparent." B) Correct. C) Viscous does not mean powdered. D) Aqueous, not viscous, means "watery or thin."

13) Some over-the-counter drugs used to treat coughs are in the drug form of a/an ________ that coats the mucous membranes. A) elixir B) ampule C) syrup D) tincture Answer: C Explanation: A) Elixirs are not specifically used to treat coughs. B) An ampule is a drug container, not a drug form. C) Correct. D) Tinctures are never taken internally. 14) When a tablet is scored across its top surface, that indicates ________. A) that it contains a Schedule drug B) the mark of a particular drug company C) that it contains a double-strength dose D) that it can be broken into two or more doses Answer: D Explanation: A) Schedule drugs are not all scored across their tops. B) A scored tablet is not the mark of a particular drug company. C) A double-strength tablet is not scored across its top. D) Correct. 15) Enteric-coated tablets ________. A) provide a slow release of the drug B) are made to dissolve in the stomach C) are made to dissolve in the small intestine D) are coated so they are easy to swallow Answer: C Explanation: A) Slow-release tablets, not enteric-coated tablets, provide a slow release of the drug. B) Enteric-coated tablets are specifically made not to dissolve in the stomach. C) Correct. D) Enteric-coated tablets are coated, but the reason is not so that they are easy to swallow.

16) A solution containing fine, undissolved particles of a drug that settle to the bottom of the container is called a/an ________. A) suspension B) elixir C) spray D) liquid Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) An elixir is a solution that has no particles in it. . C) A spray is a solution that has no particles in it. D) A liquid is a solution that has no particles in it. 17) Monica Thompson's antacid drug bottle has this printed on the label: "Shake Well Before Using." That is because this drug is a/an ________. A) suspension B) emulsion C) syrup D) troche Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. A drug in the form of a suspension must be shaken before using. B) An emulsion does not need to be shaken before use. C) A syrup does not need to be shaken before use. D) A troche does not need to be shaken before use. 18) An emulsifying agent is added to the drug form of a cream ________. A) in order to keep the oil and water mixed together B) in order to create an new drug form of an ointment C) so that the cream can be used topically in the eye D) so that it will exert a systemic effect Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) Ointments are not created from creams. C) Only specially formulated ointments, not creams, can be used in the eye. D) Creams exert only a local, not a systemic, effect.

19) The powdered form of a drug can be found in these drug forms, EXCEPT in a/an ________. A) canister B) ampule C) capsule D) vial Answer: B Explanation: A) Powdered drugs do come in canisters. B) Correct. An ampule always contains a liquid, not a powered, drug. C) Powdered drugs do come in capsules. D) Vials contain either solutions or powdered drugs. 20) The word aqueous means ________, while the word viscous means ________. A) topical; skin B) liquid; solid C) intravenous; oral D) watery; thick Answer: D Explanation: A) These two words are not related to the words aqueous and viscous. B) These two drug forms are not related to the words aqueous and viscous. C) These two routes of administration are not related to the words aqueous and viscous. D) Correct. 21) Your friend asks you if you can identify the name of the drug he is taking. He shows you a purple capsule with 3 gold bands around the end. You tell him that this is the trade name drug ________. A) Fosamax B) Valium C) Cialis D) Nexium Answer: D Explanation: A) Fosamax has a bone-shaped imprint on the tablet. B) Valium has a cut-out "V" in its center. C) Cialis is a mustard-colored teardrop-shaped tablet with a "C" on it. D) Correct.

22) Which of the following drug trade names is NOT in the form of a pellet, wafer, or insert? A) Muse B) Nexium C) Gliadel D) Mirena Answer: B Explanation: A) Muse is in the form of a pellet. B) Correct. Nexium is in the form of a purple capsule with gold bands around one end. C) Gliadel is in the form of a wafer. D) Mirena is in the form of a T-shaped insert. 23) What trade name drug used to treat severe pain comes in the drug form of a lozenge? A) Actiq lollipop B) Cepacol lozenge C) Alka-Seltzer D) Adderall XR Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) Cepacol is a lozenge for a sore throat, not severe pain. C) Alka-Seltzer is an effervescent tablet, not a lozenge. D) Adderall XR is an extended-release capsule, not a lozenge. 24) Diltiazem (Cardizem) for angina comes in a capsule form that is ________. A) swallowed whole B) crushed and the vapors inhaled C) sprinkled on applesauce and swallowed D) A and C Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is not true for diltiazem (Cardizem). C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct.

25) A film is a thin, dissolvable drug form about the size of a postage stamp that is given by the ________ route of administration. A) buccal B) topical C) sublingual D) A and C Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) A film is not applied topically. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct. 26) Transdermal patches are used for all of the following, EXCEPT ________. A) treat a vaginal yeast infection B) treat chronic pain C) help a person stop smoking D) prevent vomiting after chemotherapy Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. Transdermal patches are NOT used to treat vaginal yeast infections. B) Transdermal patches are used to do this. C) Transdermal patches are used to do this. D) Transdermal patches are used to do this. 27) Which of the following drug forms is inhaled? A) an anesthetic gas B) a buccal film C) liquids to treat asthma D) A and C Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) A buccal film is placed between the teeth and the cheek. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct.

28) Solutions include ________. A) elixirs and syrups B) foams C) tinctures D) All of the above. Answer: D Explanation: A) Elixirs and syrups are solutions. B) Foams are solutions. C) Tinctures are solutions. D) Correct. 29) Solutions never need to be ________ because the drug concentration is the same in every part of the solution, even after prolonged standing. A) refrigerated B) inspected C) mixed or shaken D) tested Answer: C Explanation: A) This is not true of a solution. B) This is not true of a solution. C) Correct. D) This is not true of a solution. 30) All of the following are drug forms, EXCEPT ________. A) pellets B) wafers and films C) inserts and gases D) binders and fillers Answer: D Explanation: A) These are drug forms. B) These are drug forms. C) These are drug forms. D) Correct. These are inert ingredients in a tablet, not drug forms.

31) All of the following relate to a drug being placed in the mouth, EXCEPT ________. A) oral B) systemic C) buccal D) sublingual Answer: B Explanation: A) This is true. B) Correct. Systemic refers to where the drug acts (throughout the body), not where it is placed. C) This is true. D) This is true. 32) As a result of a national tragedy, Congress passed The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938. One important part of this Act ________. A) required manufacturers to list their drugs in the United States Pharmacopeia or National Formulary B) made it mandatory that drugs had a pleasing taste and odor C) required accurate labeling of drugs to prevent substitutions or mislabeling of ingredients D) required drug manufacturer to prove the drug was safe Answer: D Explanation: A) This is not true. B) This was part of the reason for the national tragedy, not a result. The makers of the drug sulfonamide tested the taste and odor, but this is not what the Act said. C) This is not true. D) Correct. 33) Currently, the burden of proof for showing that a drug is safe before it can be marketed is the responsibility of the ________. A) drug manufacturer B) consumer C) healthcare provider D) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) The consumer cannot prove that a drug is safe before it is marketed. C) The healthcare provider cannot prove that a drug is safe before it is marketed. D) The FDA approves a drug for marketing only after it has been proven safe.

34) Drug legislation was passed in the early 1900s to protect the public from ________. A) drug companies B) prescription drugs C) worthless or dangerous drugs D) the government Answer: C Explanation: A) This is not true. B) It was not until the Durham-Humphrey Amendment of 1951 that prescription drugs were defined. C) Correct. D) The government was the one who passed this protective legislation. 35) The first federal drug law was the ________. A) Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act B) Dietary Supplements and Health and Education Act C) Pure Food and Drug Act D) Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act Answer: C Explanation: A) This was not the first federal drug law. B) This was not the first federal drug law. C) Correct. D) This was not the first federal law. 36) The 1951 Durham-Humphrey Amendment to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act defined ________ drugs as those drugs that could only be given to patients under the care of a physician. A) dangerous B) prescription C) Schedule D) All of the above Answer: B Explanation: A) The Durham-Humphrey Amendment did not mention dangerous drugs. B) Correct. C) Schedule drugs were defined by the Controlled Substances Act, not the Durham-Humphrey Amendment. D) The Durham-Humphrey Amendment did not mention dangerous or Schedule drugs.

37) Which of the following involves using a drug on several hundred or several thousand ill patients in exactly the same way as it will be used once it is on the market? A) clinical trials, phase I B) clinical trials, phase II C) clinical trials, phase III D) in vivo testing Answer: C Explanation: A) During phase I, only 10 to 100 healthy volunteers are used to study a drug. B) In phase II, the drug is only given to 50 to 500 patients who actually have the disease that the drug is intended to treat. C) Correct. D) In vivo testing is a general designation for any testing done on animals and humans. 38) Each drug is assigned a 10-digit identification number with three segments separated by hyphens. Which of the following is NOT information that can be obtained from this 10-digit identification number? A) the name of the drug manufacturer B) the drug category C) the drug's specific strength/dose D) the package size and type Answer: B Explanation: A) The first segment of the 10-digit code does identify the drug manufacturer. B) Correct. C) The second segment of the 10-digit code does identify the drug's specific strength/dose. D) The third segment of the 10-digit code does identify the drug's package size and type. 39) In clinical trials, the control group receives the ________. A) trade name drug B) placebo C) chemical name drug D) generic name drug Answer: B Explanation: A) The control group does not receive the trade name drug. B) Correct. C) The control group does not receive the chemical name drug. D) The control group does not receive the generic name drug.

40) The patent on a new drug is in effect for ________ years. A) 5 B) 12 C) 17 D) 23 Answer: C Explanation: A) A drug patent is not in effect for five years. B) A drug patent is not in effect for 12 years. C) Correct. D) A drug patent is not in effect for 23 years. 41) There are ________ phases of human testing in clinical drug trials for new drugs. A) two B) three C) five D) seven Answer: B Explanation: A) This is not true. B) Correct. C) This is not true. D) This is not true. 42) In vivo testing is ________. A) testing that is done in test tubes B) similar to in vitro testing C) done prior to in vitro testing D) None of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) In vivo testing is not done in test tubes. B) In vivo testing is not similar to in vitro testing. C) In vivo testing is not done prior to in vitro testing. D) Correct. In vivo testing is done in live animals or humans. 43) Inert ingredients in a drug ________. A) include binders and fillers B) can affect drug bioavailability C) include preservatives and antioxidants D) All of the above Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct. 14 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc.

44) What does the therapeutic index indicate? A) the therapeutic potential of a new drug B) the margin of safety between the therapeutic and toxic doses C) the drug's effectiveness and likely approval by the FDA D) the bioavailability of the drug Answer: B Explanation: A) The therapeutic potential for the drug is evaluated by the drug company and the FDA; it is not related to the therapeutic index. B) Correct. C) The drug's effectiveness likely approval by the FDA is only partly related to the therapeutic index. D) The therapeutic index relates to the drug's margin of safety, not its bioavailability. 45) What incentive does the FDA give to drug companies that agree to do clinical trials of their drugs on children? A) a cash-back refund B) speeding up the process for getting a trademark for the drug C) a six-month extension on the new drug patent D) allowing the drug companies to market the drug to children Answer: C Explanation: A) The FDA does not give a cash-back refund to drug companies. B) A trademark is issued by the U.S. Patent Office, not the FDA. C) Correct. D) Drugs are not marketed to children. 46) An example of a placebo is ________. A) an injection of sterile normal saline B) a genetically engineered drug C) a sugar pill D) A and C Answer: D Explanation: A) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. B) A placebo is not a genetically engineered drug. C) This is true, but it is not the only correct answer. D) Correct.

47) Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) Double-blind clinical trials always use a placebo. B) The researcher, but not the patient, knows who receives the placebo. C) A placebo exerts no pharmacologic effect. D) A placebo has no therapeutic effect. Answer: B Explanation: A) This is a true statement. B) Correct. Even the researcher does not know which patients receive the placebo. C) This is a true statement. D) This is a true statement. 48) The FDA evaluates a drug before approving it. This evaluation includes a review of all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) the drug company's documentation B) consumer comments about the drug C) risks associated with the drug D) the benefits of the drug Answer: B Explanation: A) The FDA reviews the drug company's documentation. B) Correct. The FDA does not review consumer comments; the drug has not yet been marketed to consumers. C) The FDA reviews the drug's risks. D) The FDA reviews the drug's benefits. 49) Why would a healthcare provider give the patient a free sample of a drug? A) to give away what the drug representatives gave them B) to help patients save money C) to allow the patient to try a limited supply to see if it worked D) to fulfill FDA requirements Answer: C Explanation: A) This is not the reason. B) This is not the reason. C) Correct. D) There are no FDA requirements about free drug samples.

50) A moisture-absorbing packet of silica gel, known as ________, is added to a drug container to keep tablets or capsules from deteriorating or losing strength. A) the half-life B) a placebo C) a blister pack D) a desiccant Answer: D Explanation: A) The half-life is a period of time, not a substance. B) A placebo does not keep tablets from deteriorating. C) A blister pack only protects one tablet from moisture, not the entire drug container. D) Correct. 51) The half-life of a drug can be increased because of ________. A) liver or kidney disease B) particulate matter C) animal studies D) the presence of desiccant Answer: A Explanation: A) Correct. B) Particulate matter does not affect the half-life. C) Animal studies help determine the half-life but do not increase it. D) Desiccant absorbs moisture from the drug; it does not increase its half-life. 52) A drug tablet may include all of the following, EXCEPT ________. A) binders and fillers B) desiccant C) preservatives D) antioxidants and buffers Answer: B Explanation: A) A tablet can contain binders and fillers. B) Correct. Desiccant is NOT part of the tablet; it is placed in the drug bottle. C) A tablet can contain preservatives. D) A tablet can contain antioxidants and buffers. 2.2

True/False Questions

1) Foam is expanded by tiny aerosol bubbles when it is expelled from the container. Answer: TRUE 2) The main purpose of a scored tablet is so that the tablet can be easily broken into pieces to produce an accurate, increased dose. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The pieces provide an accurate, REDUCED dose. 17 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc.

3) An enteric-coated tablet is covered with a special coating that resists the alkaline environment of the stomach acid but dissolves in the acid environment of the small intestine. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The stomach has an acid environment, not an alkaline one. 4) Both ointments and creams are semisolid emulsions of oil and water. In ointments, the main ingredient is water; in creams, the main ingredient is oil. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The main ingredient in ointments is oil. The main ingredient in creams is water. 5) Both ointments and creams can be applied topically to either the skin or the eyes. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Only specially formulated ointments can be applied to the eyes. 6) A lotion is a suspension of a drug in an oil base. Answer: FALSE Explanation: It is in a water base, not an oil base. 7) Creams are absorbed into the skin and exert a local, not systemic, drug effect. Answer: TRUE 8) Solutions don't ever need to be mixed or shaken, as the drug concentration is always the same in every part of the solution, even after prolonged standing. Answer: TRUE 9) Syrups are solutions that contain the drug in a thickened water base with added sugar and flavorings, but they do not contain alcohol. Answer: TRUE 10) Gels are solutions that contain fine, undissolved particles dispersed uniformly throughout a thickened water base. Answer: TRUE 11) The drugs in transdermal patches are designed to have only a topical, local effect on the skin in that area. Answer: FALSE Explanation: The drug in a transdermal patch is designed to exert a systemic effect throughout the body. 12) Before a drug can receive final approval by the FDA, the drug company must clearly state in what form or forms the drug will be manufactured. Answer: TRUE 13) Some drugs are ineffective if they are given in a particular drug form or they can seriously injure the patient if administered in the wrong drug form. Answer: TRUE 18 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc.

14) Regardless of what drug company manufactures a drug in tablet form, all tablets must be either round or oval shaped. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Tablets are round, oval, square, oblong, or even triangular or baseball-diamond shaped. 15) Ointments used in the eye must be specially formulated so that they do not cause irritation when applied to the eye. Answer: TRUE 16) Lotions are absorbed into the skin and exert a system effect on the body, and not just a localized effect. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Lotions only a exert a local effect. 17) A powder is a finely ground form of a drug that can be found within capsules. Answer: TRUE 18) Intralipid intravenous fat solution is an example of an emulsion. Answer: TRUE 19) A transdermal patch consists of a drug reservoir, a porous membrane through which the drug can pass, and an adhesive layer to hold it to the skin. Answer: TRUE 20) Suppositories can be given by the oral, vaginal, inhalation, or rectal routes. Answer: FALSE Explanation: Suppositories are given by the vaginal or rectal routes. 21) Because it is easy to confuse different drugs, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises patients who take more than one drug to be able to tell them apart by size, shape, color, imprint, or drug form. Answer: TRUE 22) A vial can be used only once, and the unused drug must be discarded, because it contains no preservative. Answer: FALSE Explanation: It is an ampule, not a vial, that can be used only once. 23) Patients often take a drug out of its original packaging and then have to ask the pharmacist to identify the tablets or capsules for them. Answer: TRUE 24) A scored tablet can be easily and accurately divided into equal doses, depending on the number of score marks on the tablet. Answer: TRUE 19 Copyright © 2022 Pearson Education, Inc.