Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 1 The Science of Marine Biology 1) The Challenger expedition made collections of marine organisms: A) Around the world. B) In the Pacific Ocean only. C) In the Atlantic Ocean only. D) In the Mediterranean Sea only. E) In the North Sea only. Answer: A Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) The first marine laboratory in the world was established in: A) Russia. B) England. C) France. D) Italy. E) Japan. Answer: D Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) The first marine laboratory established in the United States was: A) Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory in Washington. B) Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California. C) Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. D) Smithsonian Institution in Washington. E) Hopkins Marine Station in California. Answer: C Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember
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4) Charles Darwin, who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection, was also a marine biologist who had a particular interest in: A) Whales. B) Fishes. C) Marine birds. D) Barnacles. E) Oysters. Answer: D Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember 5) A technological development that was a direct development of World War II is: A) Scuba. B) Research vessels. C) Nets. D) Marine laboratories. E) Sonar. Answer: E Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember 6) The scientific method can be best described as: A) Undertaking of experiments in laboratories. B) Use of induction and deduction. C) Collecting data in the field. D) Procedures used to learn about our world. E) Steps used to obtain observations. Answer: D Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Observation: The Currency of Science Bloom's: 02. Understand
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7) The factors that might affect observations and can be manipulated are called: A) Controls. B) Variables. C) Experiments. D) Hypotheses. E) Inductive observations. Answer: B Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Testing Ideas Bloom's: 01. Remember 8) A control can be best defined as: A) A variable that is kept constant in an experiment. B) An experiment where the final results are known ahead of time. C) A hypothesis that regulates the results of an experiment. D) An experiment that is undertaken both in the field and in the laboratory. E) A variable that changes during the course of an experiment. Answer: A Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Testing Ideas Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) A marine biologist observes that mako sharks, sardines, and salmon leap out of the water. An example of induction from these observations is: A) Only some fishes can leap out of the water. B) All fishes leap out of the water. C) Fishes leap out of the water to escape from predators. D) Flatfishes can leap out of the water since they live on the bottom. E) Leaping out of the water is often used in feeding. Answer: B Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Two Ways of Thinking Bloom's: 03. Apply
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10) From the general statement "All fishes lay eggs," which of the following results from deduction? A) Since tuna are fish, tuna lay eggs. B) Since tuna are fish, tuna swim. C) Egg laying is beneficial to fishes. D) Tuna must lay their eggs in deep water. E) Since fishes are marine, tuna lay eggs. Answer: A Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Two Ways of Thinking Bloom's: 03. Apply 11) Which of these is an example of a hypothesis that is not a valid scientific hypothesis because it cannot be proven false? A) The Earth is flat. B) The sun revolves around the Earth. C) Organisms similar to deep-water marine worms live in the center of the earth. D) The deepest spot on the ocean is off the coast of a volcanic island. E) Whales listen to sound. Answer: C Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Testing Ideas Bloom's: 03. Apply 12) An experiment can be best described as: A) A set of observations that become a hypothesis. B) Obtaining data from the field. C) An artificially created situation to test a hypothesis. D) Controlling a particular factor in the field. E) Making observations from naturally occurring events. Answer: C Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Two Ways of Thinking Bloom's: 01. Remember
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13) A limiting factor of science is that it cannot: A) Predict the future. B) Make judgments about ethics, values, and morality. C) Arrive at fundamental truths. D) Provide information that can be applied to real life. E) Provide exceptions for negative evidence. Answer: B Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Limitations of the Scientific Method Bloom's: 01. Remember 14) One of the following is outside the realm of science: A) Observations made using extrasensory perception (ESP). B) Data collected from an experiment. C) Data collected from the field. D) Anything that can be obtained by our senses. E) Observations made by satellites. Answer: A Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Limitations of the Scientific Method Bloom's: 02. Understand 15) Scientific knowledge is ultimately traced to: A) Hypotheses. B) Inductions. C) Deductions. D) Theories. E) Observations. Answer: E Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Observation: The Currency of Science Bloom's: 02. Understand 16) When can a hypothesis be accepted as absolutely 100% true? A) After one experiment or observation B) After ten experiments or observations C) After numerous experiments or observations over many years D) Never Answer: D Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Testing Ideas Bloom's: 02. Understand 5 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
17) In experiments, scientists create artificial situations to test hypotheses because: A) They cannot make the necessary observations under natural conditions. B) It is always easier to study organisms in the lab. C) Hypotheses cannot be accepted unless they have been studied under these conditions. D) The scientific method requires it. Answer: A Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Testing Ideas Bloom's: 01. Remember 18) How much of the Earth's oxygen is generated by marine organisms? A) 25% B) 50% C) 75% D) 90% E) 95% Answer: B Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: Marine Biology Today Bloom's: 01. Remember 19) What is the estimated annual value of the ocean's living systems? A) $2 million B) $2 billion C) $20 billion D) $2 trillion E) $20 trillion Answer: E Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: Marine Biology Today Bloom's: 01. Remember
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20) Which of the following statements about Charles Darwin is not true? A) Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection. B) Darwin was the first to use a chronometer timepiece. C) Darwin served as a naturalist on the HMS Beagle. D) Darwin explained the formation of atolls. E) Darwin used nets to capture plankton. Answer: B Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 02. Understand 21) Who is the first scientist credited with documenting that seafloor life varies with depth? A) Charles Darwin B) James Cook C) Leif Eriksson D) Edward Forbes E) Charles Wyville Thompson Answer: D Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember 22) Jacques Cousteau is best known for helping to perfect which marine technology? A) Sonar B) Remote sensing C) Scuba diving equipment D) Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) E) Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) Answer: C Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember
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23) The excellent book about the seashore life of the Pacific coast titled Between Pacific Tides was written by John Steinbeck, Jack Calvin and: A) Jacques Cousteau. B) Charles Darwin. C) Edward Ricketts. D) Louis Agassiz. Answer: C Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember
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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 2 The Sea Floor 1) How much of the Earth's surface is covered by the world's ocean? A) 53% B) 65% C) 71% D) 78% E) 80% Answer: C Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Geography of the Ocean Basins Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) The largest percentage of the world's ocean is found in the: A) Northern hemisphere. B) Southern hemisphere. C) Eastern hemisphere. D) Western hemisphere. E) The ocean is evenly distributed. Answer: B Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Geography of the Ocean Basins Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) One of the following is not one of the world's major ocean basins: A) Atlantic Ocean. B) Arctic Ocean. C) Indian Ocean. D) Antarctic Ocean. E) Pacific Ocean. Answer: D Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Geography of the Ocean Basins Bloom's: 02. Understand
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4) The world's smallest and shallowest ocean is the: A) Atlantic Ocean. B) Arctic Ocean. C) Indian Ocean. D) Antarctic Ocean. E) Pacific Ocean. Answer: B Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Geography of the Ocean Basins Bloom's: 01. Remember 5) The world's largest and deepest ocean is the: A) Atlantic Ocean. B) Arctic Ocean. C) Indian Ocean. D) Antarctic Ocean. E) Pacific Ocean. Answer: E Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Geography of the Ocean Basins Bloom's: 01. Remember 6) Oceanographers often use the name "Southern Ocean" to refer to the body of water: A) Around Antarctica. B) In the South Pacific. C) South of the North Sea. D) South of Florida. E) Around the southern tip of India. Answer: A Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Geography of the Ocean Basins Bloom's: 01. Remember 7) The Big Bang was: A) The origin of the Earth's magnetic field. B) The beginning of plate tectonics and continental drift. C) The origin of the oceans as water condensed on Earth. D) The giant cosmic explosion that occurred 13.7 billion years ago and created the Universe. Answer: D Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 02. Understand 2 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
8) Density is: A) The mass of a substance per unit volume. B) A measure of weight. C) The mass of a substance multiplied by its percentage volume of water. D) A measure of volume. E) The volume occupied by a particular substance in relation to that of water. Answer: A Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) There is evidence that the Earth and the rest of the solar system formed about: A) 5 million years ago. B) 1 billion years ago. C) 4.5 billion years ago. D) 10.5 billion years ago. E) 10 million years ago. Answer: C Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 01. Remember 10) The semisolid layer of the Earth found below the crust and outside of the core is called the: A) Inner core. B) Mantle. C) Inner crust. D) Outer core. E) Oceanic crust. Answer: B Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 01. Remember
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11) The Earth's magnetic field is thought to be caused by movements of liquid metal in which of the Earth's layers? A) Inner core B) Outer core C) Oceanic crust D) Mantle E) Continental crust Answer: B Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 01. Remember 12) The thinnest layer of the Earth is the: A) Inner core. B) Outer core. C) Crust. D) Mantle. Answer: C Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 01. Remember 13) Which of the following is not true of oceanic crust? A) It is thinner than continental crust. B) It is denser than continental crust. C) It is geologically younger in most places than continental crust. D) It lies below sea level. E) It consists mostly of granite. Answer: E Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 02. Understand
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14) Which of the following is not true of mid-ocean ridges? A) Earthquakes and volcanoes are associated with them. B) The sediment covering gets thinner as one moves away from them toward the continents. C) The rock on the sea floor is older as one moves away from them. D) The seafloor spreading is associated with them. E) All are interconnected. Answer: B Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 02. Understand 15) Which of the following is true about lithospheric plates? A) Only contain continental crust B) Only contain oceanic crust C) Collide with one another at the mid-ocean ridge D) Float on the upper mantle E) Are directly connected with the inner core of the Earth Answer: D Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 02. Understand 16) Which of the following statements is NOT true? A) Oceanic crust is made of a rock-type called basalt. B) Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust. C) Oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust. D) Oceanic crust is older than continental crust. E) There are significant chemical differences between oceanic and continental crust. Answer: D Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 02. Understand
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17) Trenches are formed in areas where: A) A plate is lifted by another B) A plate moves alongside another in a transform motion C) A plate splits and opens up D) Sea floor spreading takes place E) A plate sinks beneath another Answer: E Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 01. Remember 18) The process by which a lithospheric plate descends into the mantle is called: A) Continental drift B) Induction C) Sea floor spreading D) Subduction E) Faulting Answer: D Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 01. Remember 19) The friction zone along the shear boundary such as the one in California between two lithospheric plates is called a: A) Fault B) Rift C) Trench D) Mid-ocean ridge E) Sea Answer: A Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 01. Remember
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20) Which of these places is an example of an island arc along a trench? A) Aleutian Islands B) Hawaiian Islands C) Australia D) Galápagos Islands E) Bermuda Answer: A Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 02. Understand 21) Which is not a type of lithospheric plate boundary? A) Shear boundary B) Continental shelf C) Trench D) Mid-ocean ridge Answer: B Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 01. Remember 22) The type of plate boundary where plates move past each other in a sort of lateral motion is called: A) Island arc B) Subduction zone C) Trench D) Convection zone E) Shear boundary Answer: E Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 01. Remember
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23) Evidence of plate tectonics is provided by: A) Magnetic anomalies/paleomagnetic evidence. B) Seafloor spreading. C) The existence of mid-ocean ridges. D) Seafloor spreading and the existence of mid-ocean ridges. E) All of the above Answer: E Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 02. Understand 24) The name of the vast single world ocean that was present about 200 million years ago is: A) Sinus Borealis B) Pangaea C) Tethys D) Panthalassa E) Gondwana Answer: D Page Ref: 31 Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Earth's Geological History Bloom's: 01. Remember 25) Lithogenous sediments are those that come from: A) Plants B) Living organisms in general C) Deep-water volcanoes D) Erosion of land E) Corals Answer: D Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Earth's Geological History Bloom's: 01. Remember
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26) The outer edge of the continental margin is the: A) Shelf break B) Continental slope C) Continental rise D) Edge of the abyssal plain E) Continental edge Answer: A Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Continental Margins Bloom's: 01. Remember 27) The steepest part of the continental margin where it descends down to the ocean floor is known as the: A) Shelf break B) Continental slope C) Continental rise D) Edge of the abyssal plain E) Continental edge Answer: B Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Continental Margins Bloom's: 01. Remember 28) The shallow part of the continental margin that is closer to land and is a critical marine habitat because light can reach all the way to the bottom in most of it is known as: A) Shelf break B) Continental slope C) Continental rise D) Edge of the abyssal plain E) Continental shelf Answer: E Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Continental Margins Bloom's: 02. Understand
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29) The west coast of South America is an active continental margin. As such, it is characterized by all of the following except: A) Earthquakes B) Volcanoes C) Wide continental shelf D) Steep and rocky shorelines E) Steep continental slope Answer: C Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Continental Margins Bloom's: 02. Understand 30) The east coast of the United States is a passive continental margin that is characterized by: A) Mountains along the coast B) Steep and rocky shorelines C) Narrow continental shelf D) Offshore trench E) Gentle continental slope Answer: E Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Continental Margins Bloom's: 02. Understand 31) Black smoker stacks or columns form as a result of the accumulation of: A) Deep-water animals B) Lava C) Biogenous sediments D) Metallic sulfides minerals reacting with seawater E) Material released from the formation of trenches Answer: D Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: The Mid-Ocean Ridge and Hydrothermal Vents Bloom's: 01. Remember
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32) Sea levels have naturally fluctuated through the vast epochs of geologic time. What is occurring now with regards to sea level? A) Sea level is absolutely falling. B) Sea level is absolutely rising. C) Sea level always remains stable. D) Scientists are not sure. E) Sea level varies by location. Answer: D Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Earth's Geological History Bloom's: 01. Remember 33) The most biologically rich part of the ocean is the: A) Shelf break B) Continental shelf C) Continental slope D) Continental rise E) Deep-sea floor Answer: B Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Continental Margins Bloom's: 01. Remember 34) Volcanic islands and submarine volcanoes are found through the deep-sea floor, which is known as the ________. A) abyssal plane B) guyot region C) central rift valley D) Pangaea plane Answer: A Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Deep-Ocean Basins Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New
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35) Who proposed the first detailed hypothesis of continental drift (and first used the phrase), theorizing that all continents had once been joined together in a "supercontinent"? A) Charles Darwin B) Alfred Wegener C) Francis Bacon D) James Hutton Answer: B Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Early Evidence of Continental Drift Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New
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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 3 Chemical and Physical Features of the World Ocean 1) Hydrogen bonds in water molecules are formed between: A) Ions in solution between the molecules. B) Nuclei of adjacent molecules. C) Hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent molecules. D) Two hydrogen atoms of the same molecule. E) Two oxygen atoms of the same molecule. Answer: C Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) When water cools, but does not freeze, the molecules move ________ and take up ________ space. A) faster; less B) slower; more C) faster; more D) slower; less E) up; less Answer: D Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) Which of the following are not elements? A) Sodium chloride B) Nitrogen C) Hydrogen D) Oxygen E) Magnesium Answer: A Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 02. Understand
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4) Which of the following is the state of water at a temperature of 4°C? A) Boiling point of water B) Maximum density of water C) Freezing point of water D) Sublimation point of water E) Condensation point of water Answer: B Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 04. Analyze 5) Hydrogen bonds: A) Lower the heat capacity of water. B) Cause ice to melt at a lower temperature. C) Make ice less dense than water. D) Lower the boiling point of water. E) Do not affect the heat capacity of water at all. Answer: C Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 02. Understand 6) Which ions comprise about 85% of the solutes in seawater? A) Magnesium and sulfate B) Sodium and chloride C) Calcium and carbonate D) Potassium and chloride E) Calcium and sulfate Answer: B Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 01. Remember
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