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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 1. Which of the following career fields are connected to chemistry? a. biology and medicine b. physics and engineering c. agriculture and food science d. environmental, earth, and space science e. all of the above ANSWER: e 2. A scientific law describes an observation is widely considered true. What else is TRUE of a scientific law? a. It will tell us why the observation is true. b. It can be used to make predictions. c. It is a theory that has been proven true. d. All of the above are true. e. None of the above are true. ANSWER: b 3. Which of the following is NOT true about a theory? a. A theory can be considered a way of thinking about a particular topic. b. A theory is an idea that is supported by experimental evidence. c. A theory is part of the scientific method. d. A theory can change based on new evidence. e. A theory is an idea that is completely unproven. ANSWER: e 4. A hypothesis is a. a proven fact. b. an experimental procedure. c. a tentative explanation that has not been tested. d. an idea that has been tested and refined. e. a statement that describes observations that are true in widely varying circumstances. ANSWER: c 5. According to the scientific method, what is the next step after developing a hypothesis? a. draw conclusions b. devise and conduct experiments c. develop a theory d. share results with other scientists e. develop another hypothesis ANSWER: b 6. Which of the following is TRUE about the scientific method? Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement a. First, observations are made, then new ideas are formulated, and it ends with testing. b. The first step is to make conclusions. c. It is a cyclic process. d. The last step is to run experiments. e. None of the above. ANSWER: c 7. Chemistry is often called the central science. Why? ANSWER: Chemistry is used in many other scientific fields such as biology, physics, agriculture, and engineering. 8. What is chemistry? ANSWER: Chemistry is the study of what substances are made of and how they behave. 9. How do you interact with chemistry in your daily life? ANSWER: Chemistry is everywhere. Everything you do is impacted by chemistry! 10. Briefly explain the scientific method. ANSWER: The scientific method is a cyclic process of making observations, formulating new ideas, and then testing those ideas with experiments. 11. An element is defined as a. a substance that is made of only one type of atom. b. anything that has mass and takes up volume. c. a substance that can be broken down into simpler substances. d. a combination of two or more pure substances. e. a substance composed of two or more types of atoms bound together in a fixed ratio. ANSWER: a 12. A compound is a substance that a. contains more than one type of atom present in fixed ratios. b. contains only one type of atom. c. contains more than one type of atom present in different ratios. d. can contain one or many types of atoms. e. must contain at least three different types of atoms. ANSWER: a 13. Which of the following is an element? a. water (H2O) b. oxygen (O2) c. sucrose (C12H22O11) Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement d. sodium chloride (NaCl) e. carbon dioxide (CO2) ANSWER: b 14. Which of the following is a compound? a. copper (Cu) b. fluorine (F2) c. neon (Ne) d. carbon (C) e. nitrogen monoxide (NO) ANSWER: e 15. Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture? a. salt water b. sugar dissolved in coffee c. air d. salad e. ketchup ANSWER: d 16. Which of the following characteristics best describes a liquid? a. Has a definite volume and a definite shape. b. Does not have a definite volume nor shape. c. Has a definite volume, but not a definite shape. d. The particles vibrate within their spaces in a framework. e. The particles move freely with very little interaction with each other. ANSWER: c 17. What is the process of a liquid transitioning into a gas called? a. melting b. vaporization c. freezing d. sublimation e. condensation ANSWER: b 18. Which of the following is an example of a homogenous mixture? a. a soda with ice b. oil and water c. chicken noodle soup Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement d. saltwater e. sand and rocks ANSWER: d 19. Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? a. You boil some water for pasta. b. You pour the excess pasta water down the drain. c. The steam from the water turns to liquid on your glasses. d. You wipe the water from your glasses. e. You digest your food. ANSWER: e 20. If liquid water is frozen into solid ice, what is happening on a molecular level? a. The molecules get closer together and have less energy. b. The molecules get further apart and have less energy. c. The molecules get closer together and have more energy. d. The molecules get further apart and have more energy. e. No change in distance or energy occurs. ANSWER: b 21. What happens to the starting substances as they are converted into products in an endothermic reaction? a. The energy of the substances does not change. b. The energy of the substances decreases. c. The energy of the substances increases. d. The substances become less reactive. e. The substances become more stable. ANSWER: c 22. What type of mixture has a composition that is the same throughout? ANSWER: Homogenous mixture 23. What is the difference between the composition and structure of a material? ANSWER: The composition of a material is the components that make up the material. The structure of a material is how those components are arranged. 24. What are the differences between atoms, elements, and compounds? ANSWER: Atoms are the fundamental unit of matter. All matter is made up of atoms. An element is the simplest form of matter. Every element is made up of one type of atom. Compounds are composed of more than one type of atom, bound together in fixed ratios. 25. If a chemical change has occurred, what must be true? ANSWER: If a chemical change has occurred, a chemical reaction has occurred, and we have made a new, Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement chemically distinct substance. 26. Water is pumped to the top of a water tower to increase the municipal water pressure. Does the water at the top of the tower have more or less potential energy than the water at the base of the tower? ANSWER: The water at the top has more potential energy than the water at the base due to its position. 27. Which of the following is NOT an SI base unit? a. meters b. seconds c. amperes d. grams e. candela ANSWER: d 28. What is the SI unit of temperature? a. degree Celsius b. degree Fahrenheit c. Kelvin d. ampere e. joule ANSWER: c 29. What is the prefix for
in the SI system?
a. centib. kiloc. microd. millie. megaANSWER: d 30. The typical human body temperature is 98.6 F. What is this temperature in Kelvin? a. 310.2 K b. 37.0 K c. 371.8 K d. 209.5 K e. 482.6 K ANSWER: a 31. Which of the following is the SI unit for length? a. centimeter Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement b. foot c. meter d. kilometer e. mile ANSWER: c 32. Convert 315.15 K to degrees Celsius. a. 588.30 C b. 107.6 C c. 42.00 C d. 5.556 C e. 315.15 C ANSWER: c 33. How many megagrams are in 1 gram? a. Mg b.
Mg
c.
Mg
d.
Mg
e.
Mg
ANSWER: c 34. What is the volume of a sphere with a radius of 3.2 cm? The volume of a sphere is given by
.
a. 44 cm3 b. 140 cm3 c. 43 cm3 d.
cm3
e. 78 cm3 ANSWER: b 35. How many milligrams are equal to 1 gram? a. 0.001 mg b. 0.01 mg c. 100 mg d. 1000 mg Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement e. 1,000,000 mg ANSWER: d 36. Which of the following substances will sink in water (d = 1.0 g/mL)? a. acetone (d = 0.78 g/mL) b. vegetable oil (d = 0.92 g/mL) c. honey (d = 1.42 g/mL) d. All of the above will sink in water. e. None of the above will sink in water. ANSWER: c 37. How many micrometers are in 1 meter? ANSWER: There are 1,000,000 micrometers in 1 meter. 38. Why is it important to use correct units consistently? ANSWER: Measurements don't have any meaning without a unit attached. Units of measurement are quantities with accepted values that can be used to communicate between people. Additionally, units can help you check whether you've done a calculation correctly. 39. The temperature of a typical refrigerator is about 4 C. What is this temperature in degrees Fahrenheit? ANSWER:
40. A cube has a side length of 5.3 cm and a mass of 125.8 g. Will this cube float in water? The density of water is 1.0 g/cm3. ANSWER: d = 0.84 g/cm3, so the cube will float in water 41. A cube with a side length of 5.00 cm has a mass of 131 g. Calculate the volume (in cm3) and density (in g/cm3) of the cube. ANSWER:
42. A student measures 210.50 mL of water for an experiment in her chemistry lab. How many significant digits does 210.50 have? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 ANSWER: e Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 43. Which of the following measurements has the highest precision? a. 15.0 cm b. 15.000 cm c. 15 cm d. 15.00 cm e. 1.5 cm ANSWER: b 44. If a set of measurements are all very close to each other, but are far away from the true value, they are a. accurate and precise. b. accurate but not precise. c. precise but not accurate. d. neither accurate nor precise. e. none of the above. ANSWER: c 45. Which of the following numbers has three significant digits? a. 0.12 b. 3.850 c. 305 d. 432.0 e. 0.001 ANSWER: c 46. When multiplying 3.45 by 2.9, how many significant digits should the result have? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 ANSWER: b 47. The height of a book is measured as 8.0230 cm. How many significant digits are in this measurement? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 ANSWER: e Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 48. How many significant digits are in the measurement 0.0930? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 ANSWER: c 49. The mass of molten aluminum that is needed to make a specific car part is 275 g. Which of the following measurements is the most accurate? a. 280 g b. 278.714 g c. 288.32 g d. 300 g e. 276.4 g ANSWER: e 50. A pallet of lumber has 256 boards on it. If the mass of the boards on the pallet weighs 928.96 kg, how much does each board weigh using an appropriate number of significant digits? a. 3.6288 kg b. 3.629 kg c. 3.63 kg d. 3.6 kg e. 4 kg ANSWER: a 51. What kind of numbers are exempt from significant digits? a. measured numbers b. decimal numbers c. exact numbers d. large numbers e. numbers in scientific notation ANSWER: c 52. Kris walks 1.32 km from his home to the hardware store, 1.1 km from the hardware store to the grocery store, and 1.435 km from the grocery store back to home. What is the total distance he traveled on this trip using appropriate significant digits? a. 3.86 km b. 3.9 km c. 4 km d. 4.0 km Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement e. 3.855 km ANSWER: b 53. Accuracy and precision are terms that scientists use to describe the qualities of a data set. What does the accuracy of a data set indicate? ANSWER: The accuracy of a data set indicates how well the data reflects the true value. 54. Calculate the area of a rectangle with side lengths of 3.042 cm and 2.1 cm. Report your answer with appropriate units and significant digits. ANSWER: 55. A student adds 5.0 mL of water to a graduated cylinder. They then add an insoluble solid to the graduated cylinder and record the volume of the water and solid as 9.15 mL. What is the volume of the solid reported using appropriate significant figures? ANSWER: 56. If a set of measurements reflects the true value of a measurement well, but the individual measurements are scattered away from the true value, what can be said about the accuracy and precision of these measurements? ANSWER: The set of measurements is accurate (reflects the true value), but the measurements are not precise (they are far away from each other). 57. If you have a pencil that weighs 4.632 g, a pen that weighs 7.15 g, and a stylus that weighs 20.7 g, what is the total mass of these three objects? Report the answer using correct significant digits. ANSWER: 58. Ibuprofen is a commonly used over-the-counter medication used to treat body aches and pains. A common dose of ibuprofen is 400 mg. What is the mass of this dose of ibuprofen in grams? a. 40 g b. 4 g c. 0.4 g d. 0.04 g e. 0.004 g ANSWER: c 59. Convert 100 m to kilometers (km). a. 0.001 km b. 0.1 km c. 1 km d. 10,000 km e. 100,000 km ANSWER: b 60. How many centimeters are in 3.4 m? Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement a. 0.0034 cm b. 0.034 cm c. 340 cm d. 3400 cm e. 34000 cm ANSWER: c 61. Convert 4.7 L to milliliters. a. 0.0047 mL b. 0.047 mL c. 4700 mL d. 47000 mL e. 470000 mL ANSWER: c 62. The speed of light in a vacuum is a.
m/s. What is this value in miles per hour?
miles per hour
b. 51.6 miles per hour c. miles per hour d.
miles per hour
e.
miles per hour
ANSWER: d 63. An Olympic-size swimming pool is 50. m × 25 m. What is the surface area of the pool in square feet? a. 4100 ft2 b. 1300 ft2 c. 120 ft2 d. 13,000 ft2 e. 380 ft2 ANSWER: d 64. Which of the following is the conversion of 100 mL to cm3? a. 1 cm3 b. 10 cm3 c. 100 cm3 d. 1000 cm3 Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement e. 10000 cm3 ANSWER: c 65. How many liters are in 1 gallon of lemonade? 1 L = 0.264 gal a. 0.264 L b. 1.26 L c. 2.32 L d. 3.79 L e. 7.58 L ANSWER: d 66. Water is one of the few substances whose solid phase is less dense than its liquid phase. The density of liquid water is about 1.00 g/mL, whereas the density of ice is about 0.920 g/mL. Approximately how much does a 100.00 mL sample of ice weigh? a. 100. g b. 92.0 g c. 109 g d. 100.92 g e. 99.08 g ANSWER: b 67. How many square meters, m2, are in 150 ft2? a. 46 m2 b. 14 m2 c. 490 m2 d. 1600 m2 e. 0.30 m2 ANSWER: b 68. A water tank has a volume of 5 m3. What is this volume in liters? a. 0.005 L b. 0.05 L c. 50 L d. 500 L e. 5000 L ANSWER: e 69. A bag of pretzels has 110 kilocalories per serving. How many kilojoules are in one serving? 4.184 kJ = 1 kcal a. 460 kJ Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement b. 26 kJ c. 156 kJ d. 440 kJ e. 4.2 kJ ANSWER: a 70. What is the mass of an iron block that has a volume of 24 cm3? The density of iron is 7.87 g/cm3. ANSWER: 190 g 71. Convert 142 mg to kilograms (kg). ANSWER: kg 72. A student is trying to convert a measurement in millimeters to meters, but after performing the calculation, gets units of mm2/m. What mistake was made? How would the student correct this? ANSWER: The reciprocal of the conversion factor was used. The conversion factor should be flipped. 73. The flow of coolant through a pipe is 4.50 mL/s. What would the flow rate be in liters per hour? ANSWER: 16.2 L/h 74. A cylindrical gasoline storage tank has a radius of 1.5 m, and a height of 3.0 m. What is the volume of this tank in liters? The volume of a cylinder is given by . ANSWER: 21,000 L 75. The density of a certain motor oil is 0.860 g/cm3. How much would 175 L of this oil weigh (in kg)? ANSWER: 151 kg 76. Matter is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. This is a statement of _____ a. the first law of thermodynamics. b. the law of conservation of mass. c. the law of constant composition. d. the law of multiple proportions. e. the law of conservation of energy. ANSWER: b 77. Which of the following statements is NOT part of Dalton's atomic theory? a. Elements are made of atoms. b. The atoms of each element are unique. c. Atoms can join together in whole number ratios. d. Atoms are made up of subatomic particles. e. Atoms are unchanged in chemical reactions. ANSWER: d Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 78. The law of multiple proportions states that _____ a. atoms may be combined in ANY proportions to form different compounds. b. when two elements are able to form multiple compounds, the elements combine in different wholenumber ratios. c. two elements will always form compounds with the same whole-number ratio. d. the total mass of the products is equal to the total mass of the reactants. e. atoms of the same element are identical in size and mass. ANSWER: b 79. Over time, 15 kg of iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of water to form iron(III) oxide, or rust. If the mass of the rust is 21.45 kg, how much oxygen had to react to produce that amount of rust? ANSWER: 6.45 kg 80. Which of the following best illustrates the law of conservation of mass? a. A cooked egg weighs less than a raw egg. b. A piece of paper burns and produces less mass in ashes. c. A cube of ice weighs the same as the puddle of water it forms after melting. d. A plant grows and increases its mass by absorbing sunlight. e. Water evaporates as its mass disappears. ANSWER: c 81. Which of the following observations would VIOLATE the law of conservation of mass? a. Atoms rearranged during a chemical reaction. b. A sealed reaction vessel shows no change before and after a chemical reaction. c. A burning log loses mass because gases escape into the air. d. The mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products for a chemical reaction. e. A sealed reaction vessel shows a decrease in mass after a chemical reaction. ANSWER: e 82. When a chemical reaction occurs, which of the following must be TRUE about the products? a. The products will be the same as the reactants. b. The total mass of the products will be the same as the total mass of the reactants, but they don't have to be the same atoms. c. The number of atoms for each element will be the same, but they will be arranged differently. d. The number of atoms for each element will be the same and they will be arranged in the same way. e. The number of atoms for each element cannot be determined from this information. ANSWER: c 83. In what ratios can atoms combine to form compounds? ANSWER: Atoms can only combine in whole number ratios. Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 84. If 33 g of substance A reacts with 12 g of substance B, what will the mass of the products be? a. 33 g b. 12 g c. 21 g d. 45 g e. 57 g ANSWER: d 85. The colors in fireworks come from chemicals that burn different colors. For example, red fireworks usually get their color from a strontium compound like strontium chloride (SrCl2). If 39.85 g of SrCl2 reacts with 8.11 g of O2, what will be the total mass of the products? ANSWER: The mass of the products will be the same as the reactants according to the law of conservation of mass. Therefore, the total mass of the products is 47.96 g. 86. Based on its location in the periodic table, which of these elements is a metal? a. carbon b. helium c. nitrogen d. vanadium e. iodine ANSWER: d 87. Which of the following elements has properties most similar to calcium? a. potassium b. magnesium c. sodium d. scandium e. krypton ANSWER: b 88. Which of the following elements is a metalloid? a. aluminum b. tin c. phosphorus d. arsenic e. gallium ANSWER: d 89. Who was the person that organized the first modern periodic table? ANSWER: Dimitri Mendeleev Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 90. The halogens (group 7A) tend to form what kind of molecules in their elemental form? ANSWER: diatomic molecules 91. What is the chemical symbol for tin? a. Ti b. Sn c. Tn d. T e. Sb ANSWER: b 92. Group 8A elements are often called noble gases. What is a common property of elements in this group? a. They are inert, and rarely form compounds. b. They readily form compounds with other elements. c. They are highly reactive. d. They are good conductors of electricity. e. They are magnetic. ANSWER: a 93. Where are nonmetals most likely to be found on the periodic table? ANSWER: Nonmetals are most likely to be found in the upper right corner of the periodic table. 94. The inner transition metals consist of two rows of elements which are usually shown at the bottom of the periodic table. The second row of these elements is called the _____ a. rare earth metals. b. lanthanide series. c. actinide series. d. alkali earth metals. e. noble series. ANSWER: c 95. Which of the following elements is in the lanthanide series? a. barium b. radium c. thorium d. cerium e. lead ANSWER: d 96. What is a common property of alkali metals? ANSWER: Alkali metals are in the far left of the periodic table. The alkali metals are soft and react violently with water or air. Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 97. Which period of the periodic table contains the element chromium? a. period 1 b. period 2 c. period 3 d. period 4 e. period 5 ANSWER: d 98. Which of the following particles is/are found outside of the nucleus? a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons d. protons and neutrons e. electrons and neutrons ANSWER: c 99. Which experiment led to the discovery of the electron? a. gold foil experiment b. oil drop experiment c. double slit experiment d. cathode ray tube experiment e. Rutherford scattering experiment ANSWER: d 100. What did Rutherford's gold foil experiment demonstrate? a. The nucleus is small, dense, and positively charged. b. The nucleus contains two subatomic particles: protons and neutrons. c. Electrons are located in specific energy levels. d. Protons are positively charged. e. Electrons have a negative charge. ANSWER: a 101. What was the main conclusion from Millikan's oil drop experiment? a. The atom is mostly empty space. b. The charge on an electron. c. The nucleus is positively charged. d. Electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed distances around the nucleus. e. Atoms contain neutrons. ANSWER: b Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 102. Which of the following subatomic particles has/have no charge? a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons d. protons and electrons e. protons and neutrons ANSWER: b 103. What model of the atom did J.J. Thomson propose, and how did it describe the structure of the atom? ANSWER: Thomson proposed the plum pudding model, in which atoms are solid with negative electrons spread throughout a positively charged matrix. 104. How did Rutherford's model of the atom differ from Thomson's model? ANSWER: Rutherford's model proposed that the atom has a small, dense, positively charged nucleus with electrons orbiting around it. While Thomson's model described the atom as a spherical solid with negative electrons spread throughout a positively charged matrix. 105. Two spheres each having a charge of +2.7 nanocoulombs are separated by a distance of 3.7 mm. Using Coulomb's law, calculate the force of repulsion between these two spheres. ANSWER: 4.8 mN or 4.8×10–3 N 106. What was the quantity determined by the cathode-ray tube experiment? a. The mass of the electron. b. The charge of the electron. c. The mass to charge ratio of the electron. d. The charge of the proton. e. The mass to charge ratio of the hydrogen nucleus. ANSWER: c 107. As a result of Volta's battery, scientist found that they could separate some compounds into their elements. What did this discovery allow them to do? a. develop the periodic table b. discover new subatomic particles c. propose the law of conservation of mass d. identify how charge particles interact with each other e. invent new types of batteries ANSWER: d 108. What is the more formal name for the type of battery that Volta made? a. dry cell battery b. nickel cadmium battery c. lithium ion battery Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement d. mercury battery e. electrochemical cell ANSWER: e 109. If an ion has 2 more protons than neutrons, what will the charge be on that ion? a. –2 b. +1 c. +2 d. +4 e. We cannot know with only the given information. ANSWER: e 110. What is the net charge of an ion with 12 protons, 11 neutrons, and 10 electrons? a. +2 b. +1 c. –1 d. –2 e. –3 ANSWER: a 111. What is the net charge of an ion with 7 protons, 8 neutrons, and 4 electrons? a. –4 b. –1 c. +1 d. +2 e. +3 ANSWER: e 112. What is the key idea in Bohr's model of the atom? ANSWER: Electrons orbit the nucleus like planets orbit the sun. 113. If a neutral atom loses an electron, what will the charge be on the newly formed ion? ANSWER: +1 114. The atomic number of an element is defined by the _____ a. number of protons. b. number of neutrons. c. number of electrons. d. sum of the number of protons and neutrons. e. atomic mass. ANSWER: a Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 115. What does the mass number of an atom represent? a. number of protons b. number of electrons c. number of neutrons d. the sum of the number of protons and neutrons e. the number of isotopes of an element ANSWER: d 116. Using the periodic table, determine how many protons and neutrons are in a bromine-79 atom. ANSWER: Bromine has an atomic number of 35 so it has 35 protons. Subtracting 35 from 79, gives 44 neutrons. 117. Chlorine has two main isotopes: 35Cl and 37Cl. 35Cl has a mass 34.9 u, and an abundance of 75.8%. 37Cl has a mass of about 36.9 u with an abundance of about 24.2%. From this data, calculate the atomic mass of chlorine. ANSWER: 35.38 u 118. How many neutrons are in an atom of cobalt-60? a. 27 b. 33 c. 60 d. 32 e. 87 ANSWER: b 119. What is the mass number of an atom that has 20 protons, 22 neutrons, and 20 electrons? a. 20 b. 22 c. 40 d. 42 e. 62 ANSWER: d 120. What is the charge of the nucleus in an atom? a. positive b. negative c. zero d. positive or negative, depending on the element e. switches between positive and negative ANSWER: a 121. What are isotopes? Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement a. Atoms of the same element with the same number of neutrons, but a different number of protons. b. Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. c. Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons, but a different number of electrons. d. Atoms of the same element with the same number of electrons, but different number of protons. e. Atoms of the same element with the same number of neutrons, but different number of electrons. ANSWER: b 122. What element has an atomic number of 19? a. calcium b. sodium c. potassium d. fluorine e. argon ANSWER: c 123. What is the mass number of an isotope of gallium that has 40 neutrons? ANSWER: 71 124. What is the chemical symbol for the element with the atomic number of 37? a. K b. Sr c. Cl d. Ar e. Rb ANSWER: e 125. There are two naturally occurring radioactive isotopes of tellurium. An atom of radioactive tellurium has a mass number of 128, how many neutrons does it have? ANSWER: There are 76 neutrons in this atom. 126. Dichloromethane is a common solvent used in organic chemistry. What is the formula mass of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2)? a. 48.96 u b. 62.93 u c. 84.93 u d. 96.00 u e. 100.50 u ANSWER: c 127. What is the percent composition of hydrogen in acetic acid (C2H4O2)? a. 3.4% Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement b. 1.6% c. 6.7% d. 40% e. 53% ANSWER: c 128. Hydrogen peroxide has the chemical formula H2O2. If you have 2.00 kg of hydrogen peroxide, how much oxygen by mass do you have? a. 0.12 kg b. 0.24 kg c. 1.00 kg d. 1.88 kg e. 2.00 kg ANSWER: d 129. Sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, is commonly used to clean up acid spills in chemistry labs, and to provide leavening to some baked goods. What is the formula mass of this compound? a. 52.01 u b. 68.01 u c. 72.00 u d. 84.01 u e. 104.02 u ANSWER: d 130. What is the formula mass for zinc fluoride (ZnF2)? ANSWER: 103.38 u 131. What is the percent mass of oxygen in calcium sulfate (CaSO4)? ANSWER: 47.0% 132. What is the formula mass of propane (C3H8)? a. 13.02 u b. 20.08 u c. 37.04 u d. 44.11 u e. 56.14 u ANSWER: d 133. What is the formula mass of sodium sulfide, Na2S? a. 55.06 u Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement b. 78.05 u c. 81.13 u d. 87.13 u e. 119.2 u ANSWER: b 134. What is the percent mass of chlorine in FeCl3? ANSWER: 65.6% Cl 135. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) forms when aluminum is exposed to oxygen. What is the mass percent of aluminum in aluminum oxide? a. 26.47% Al b. 47.38% Al c. 52.92% Al d. 62.79% Al e. 73.88% Al ANSWER: c 136. Sodium nitrate has the formula NaNO3. What is the formula mass of sodium nitrate? If you have a 5.00 kg jar of sodium nitrate in the laboratory stockroom, how much of that 5.00 kg bottle is sodium by mass? ANSWER: The formula mass of sodium nitrate is 85.00 u. Sodium makes up approximately 1.35 kg of the 5.00 kg of sodium nitrate. 137. How many atoms are in a molecule of acetic acid (HC2H3O2)? a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 7 e. 8 ANSWER: e 138. In the compound NaHSO2, which element contributes the least to the mass of the compound? a. hydrogen b. oxygen c. sodium d. sulfur e. sulfur or oxygen ANSWER: a 139. If you have one mole of carbon dioxide, how many molecules of carbon dioxide do you have? a. 1 molecule Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement b. 44.01 molecules c. 6.02×1023 molecules d. 1.66×1024 molecules e. 2.40×1024 molecules ANSWER: c 140. How many moles contain 3.01×1023 molecules of HCl? a. 0.250 moles b. 0.500 moles c. 2.00 moles d. 8.26×1021 moles e. 1.81×1047 moles ANSWER: b 141. How many molecules are in 3.00 moles of HNO3? a. 4.98×1024 molecules b. 6.02×1023 molecules c. 1.81×1024 molecules d. 3 molecules e. 2.01×1023 molecules ANSWER: c 142. What is the molar mass of CH3OH? a. 20.04 g/mol b. 29.02 g/mol c. 31.04 g/mol d. 32.05 g/mol e. 78.03 g/mol ANSWER: d 143. How many molecules are in 0.233 moles of carbon monoxide (CO)? a. 3.87×1025 molecules CO b. 2.58×1024 molecules CO c. 6.52 molecules CO d. 1.40×1023 molecules CO e. 8.32×10–3 molecules CO ANSWER: d Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 144. How many hydrogen atoms are in one mole of acetic acid (HC2H3O2)? a. 6.02×1023 H atoms b. 1.51×1023 H atoms c. 2.01×1023 H atoms d. 1.81×1024 H atoms e. 2.40×1024 H atoms ANSWER: e 145. If a sample of calcium iodide (CaI2) has 7.98×1024 formula units, what is the mass of calcium iodide in the sample? a. 0.0132 kg b. 0.787 kg c. 1.63 kg d. 2.21 kg e. 3.90 kg ANSWER: e 146. Phosphoric acid has the formula H3PO4. If you have one mole of phosphoric acid, how many moles of atoms do you have? a. 1 b. 3 c. 4 d. 7 e. 8 ANSWER: e 147. How many moles contain 5.28×1023 atoms of copper? ANSWER: 0.877 moles Cu 148. What is the molar mass of phosphoric acid (H3PO4)? ANSWER: 98.00 g/mol 149. If you have 873.22 g of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), how many moles of aluminum oxide do you have? The molar mass aluminum oxide is 101.96 g/mol. ANSWER: 8.56 moles Al2O3 150. Potassium iodide (KI) has a molar mass of 166.00 g/mol. If you have 0.611 moles of potassium iodide, how many grams of potassium iodide do you have? ANSWER: 101.43 g KI Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 151. How many molecules are in 5.00 moles of O2? a. 1.20×1024 molecules b. 8.31×10–24 molecules c. 3.01×1024 molecules d. 6.02×1024 molecules e. 9.03×1025 molecules ANSWER: c 152. What is the mass of 7.32×1024 formula units of sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)? a. 1720 g b. 12.2 g c. 863 g d. 9.79 g e. 5.84 g ANSWER: a 153. How many formula units are in a 35.00 g sample of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)? ANSWER: 1.75×1023 formula units of MgSO4 154. A given sample of iron(II) bromide (FeBr2) contains 1.99×1022 formula units of iron(II) bromide. How many grams of iron(II) bromide is this? ANSWER: 7.12 g FeBr2 155. What measurement describes the number of waves that pass a point over a period of time? a. wavelength b. speed c. frequency d. energy e. photoelectric effect ANSWER: c 156. What measurement describes the distance between the same points on adjacent waves? a. wavelength b. speed c. frequency d. energy e. photoelectric effect ANSWER: a Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 157. What is the frequency of a green laser pointer that has a wavelength of 532 nm? a. 1.97×1014 Hz b. 5.32×1014 Hz c. 6.19×1014 Hz d. 5.64×1014 Hz e. 7.32×1014 Hz ANSWER: d 158. What is the wavelength of the radio waves emitted for a station with a frequency of 97.9 MHz? a. 3.06×107 m b. 1.21×107 m c. 6.15 m d. 1.21 m e. 3.06 m ANSWER: e 159. What is the energy of an X-ray photon that has a wavelength of 0.25 nm? a. 4.6×10–16 J b. 2.5×10–17 J c. 1.7×10–19 J d. 4.2×10–17 J e. 8.0×10–16 J ANSWER: e 160. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. The speed of light is proportional to energy. b. Energy is inversely proportional to frequency. c. Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency. d. Energy is proportional to wavelength. e. The energy of electromagnetic radiation is constant. ANSWER: c 161. What is the energy of a UV photon that has a wavelength of 275 nm? a. 5.60×10–19 J b. 7.23×10–19 J c. 8.21×10–19 J Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement d. 4.07×10–19 J e. 1.69×10–19 J ANSWER: b 162. A laser emits a pulse of light with an energy of 30.5 mJ at a wavelength of 1064 nm. How many photons are emitted in the pulse? a. 1.63×1017 photons b. 4.05×1019 photons c. 9.17×1019 photons d. 2.36×1019 photons e. 1.23×1020 photons ANSWER: a 163. The minimum energy required to remove an electron from tin is 7.08 × 10–19 J. Which of the following frequencies would be able to remove an electron from tin? a. 48.2 MHz b. 1070 THz c. 984 GHz d. 498 GHz e. none of the above ANSWER: b 164. Which electron energy level transitions would emit a photon with the highest frequency? a. 2 → 1 b. 3 → 1 c. 4 → 1 d. 1 → 5 e. 1 → 6 ANSWER: c 165. What is the photoelectric effect? ANSWER: The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from a material's surface when it absorbs light of sufficient energy. 166. A broad-spectrum sunscreen provides protection from ultraviolet (UV) light with wavelengths ranging from 100 to 400 nanometers (nm). Determine the range of the frequency and energy of this light. ANSWER: frequency range: 3.00×1015 to 7.50×1014 Hz energy range: 4.97×10−19 to 1.99×10−18 J
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 167. A flame test was conducted on a solution containing an unknown metal ion from the following list. Light with a frequency of 5.43×1014 Hz was observed. Using the following information, what is the wavelength (in nm) of light observed and the identity of the metal ion present in the solution? Metal Flame Test Color Sodium yellow Potassium violet Barium green Strontium red Color Wavelengths (nm) Violet 380–450 Blue 450–495 Green 495–570 Yellow 570–590 Orange 590–620 Red 620–750 ANSWER: λ = 552 nm The identity of the metal ion is barium. 168. Argon has an ionization energy of 1450 kJ/mol. What is the minimum frequency of light that can ionize a single argon atom? ANSWER: 3.64×1015 Hz 169. What is a flame test? How can it be used to identify an element? ANSWER: A flame test is a procedure used to detect the presence of metal ions based on the characteristic color they emit when heated in a flame. During a flame test, a solution containing a metal ion is placed in a flame, and the electrons in the metal ions absorb energy, becoming excited to higher energy levels. When these electrons return to their ground state, they release energy in the form of light, with a color characteristic of the metal ion. 170. What is the wavelength of an electron traveling at 2.5×106 m/s? The mass of an electron is 9.11×10–31 kg. a. 3.6×10–10 m b. 4.2×10–10 m c. 1.9×10–9 m d. 2.9×10–10 m e. 4.0×10–9 m ANSWER: d 171. What is the wavelength of a tennis ball served at 195 km/h? The mass of the tennis ball is 56.0 g. a. 1.9×10–38 m b. 4.9×10–38 m Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement c. 6.1×10–38 m d. 2.2×10–34 m e. 1.3×10–39 m ANSWER: c 172. Which particle would have the shortest wavelength when traveling at 10% of the speed of light? a. electron, 9.1094×10–31 kg b. proton, 1.6726×10–27 kg c. neutron, 1.6749×10–27 kg d. muon, 1.8835×10–28 kg e. tau, 3.1675×10–27 kg ANSWER: e 173. Which of the following phenomena is most directly explained by the wave nature of electrons? a. the diffraction of electrons by a crystal b. the quantization of energy levels in an atom c. the photoelectric effect d. the emission of photons from excited atoms e. the radioactive decay of unstable nuclei ANSWER: a 174. Which of the following is a consequence of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle? a. The energy of an electron is quantized. b. The quantization of energy levels in an atom c. Electrons exhibit wave-particle duality. d. The exact position and momentum of an electron cannot be known simultaneously. e. Electrons in an atom occupy specific energy levels. ANSWER: d 175. Which of the following statements about wave-particle duality is INCORRECT? a. All matter exhibits wave-particle duality. b. The wave nature of matter is more pronounced for macroscopic objects. c. The de Broglie wavelength of an object is inversely proportional to its speed. d. The wave-particle duality is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics. e. The double-slit experiment can be used to demonstrate the wave nature of electrons. ANSWER: b 176. The diameter of a silicon atom used in a semiconductor is 210 pm. If the position of an electron is known within this diameter, determine the minimum uncertainty in its speed. The mass of the electron is 9.11×10–31 Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement kg. a. 7.0×105 m/s b. 9.5×105 m/s c. 2.8×105 m/s d. 1.3×106 m/s e. 5.2×106 m/s ANSWER: c 177. The diameter of a hydrogen atom is approximately 120 pm. If the position of an electron is known within this diameter, what is the minimum uncertainty in the electron's speed? The mass of the electron is 9.11×10–31 kg. ANSWER: 4.8×105 m/s 178. When a radioactive carbon-14 nucleus decays, it emits a particle with a mass of 9.11×10–31 kg and a speed of 2.15×107 m/s. What is the de Broglie wavelength of this particle? If the uncertainty in the momentum (mΔu) is 2.1×10−21 kg·m/s, what is the minimum possible uncertainty in the position of this particle? ANSWER: λparticle = 3.38×10–11 m Δx = 2.5×10–14 m
179. What occurs to waves when they undergo constructive and destructive interference? ANSWER: Constructive interference occurs when waves meet in phase, meaning their crests and troughs align. When this happens, the amplitudes of the waves add together, resulting in a wave with a larger amplitude than either of the original waves. Destructive interference occurs when waves meet out of phase, meaning the crest of one wave aligns with the trough of another. In this case, the amplitude of the resulting wave is reduced or canceled out. 180. How many electrons can occupy a p sublevel? a. 2 b. 3 c. 6 d. 10 e. 14 ANSWER: c 181. How many orbitals are there in an f sublevel? a. 1 b. 3 c. 6 d. 7 Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement e. 14 ANSWER: d 182. What is the maximum number of electrons that can be present within the third energy level? a. 32 b. 18 c. 14 d. 8 e. 2 ANSWER: b 183. Which of the following values is NOT a possible value for the principal quantum number? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 5 e. 10 ANSWER: a 184. Which of the following values is a solution for the spin quantum number? a. 0 b. 1 c. –2 d. –1 e. –½ ANSWER: e 185. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers is possible for an electron in a 3p orbital? a. [3, 2, –1, +½] b. [4, 3, –2, +½] c. [3, 2, –1, +½] d. [3, 0, 0, –½] e. [3, 1, 0, +½] ANSWER: e 186. What are the possible ml values for an electron in a 3d orbital? a. –1, 0, 1 b. –2, –1, 0, 1, 2 c. –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3 d. +½, –½ Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement e. 3, 2, 1, 0 ANSWER: b 187. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers is NOT possible? a. [5, 2, –1, –½] b. [4, 0, 0, +½] c. [3, 2, –1, +½] d. [3, 0, –1, –½] e. [4, 2, 0, +½] ANSWER: d 188. What is the Pauli exclusion principle? ANSWER: The Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons in a single atom can have the same four quantum numbers. 189. What are the possible quantum numbers for an electron in a 4s orbital? ANSWER: [4, 0, 0, +½] or [4, 0, 0, –½] 190. What is the level and sublevel of an electron with the quantum numbers of [3, 2, 0, –½]? ANSWER: 3d 191. How many orbitals are possible that have a principal quantum number of 4? How many electrons can occupy those orbitals? ANSWER: There are 16 possible orbitals in n = 4. 32 electrons can occupy the 16 orbitals. 192. Which element has the following electron configuration as a neutral atom? 1s22s22p4 a. C b. N c. O d. F e. S ANSWER: c 193. Which element has the following electron configuration as a neutral atom? 1s22s22p6 a. C b. N c. O d. F Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement e. Ne ANSWER: e 194. What is the electron configuration for a strontium atom? a. [Ar]4s23d104p6 b. [Ar]5s24d105p6 c. [Kr]5s2 d. [Kr]5s24d105p6 e. [Ar]5s24d1 ANSWER: c 195. Which of the following electron configurations represents an atom with 7 valence electrons? a. [Ar]4s23d104p6 b. [Ar]5s24d105p5 c. [Kr]5s24d7 d. [Kr]5s24d105p3 e. [Ar]5s24d5 ANSWER: b 196. How many valence electrons are present in an arsenic atom? a. 2 b. 5 c. 8 d. 3 e. 15 ANSWER: b 197. How many valence electrons are present in a tin atom? a. 2 b. 5 c. 8 d. 4 e. 14 ANSWER: d 198. What is the electron configuration for a phosphide ion, P3–? a. 1s22s22p63s23p3 b. 1s22s22p63s23p4 Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement c. 1s22s22p63s23p5 d. 1s22s22p63s23p6 e. 1s22s22p63s23p23d1 ANSWER: d 199. Which of the following ions is NOT isoelectronic with argon? a. P3– b. S2– c. Cl– d. K+ e. Na+ ANSWER: e 200. What is the electron configuration for a calcium ion, Ca2+? ANSWER: 1s22s22p63s23p6 201. What is the electron configuration for a neutral nitrogen atom? ANSWER: 1s22s22p3 202. Write the electron configuration for bromine using noble gas shorthand. How many inner, outer, and valence electrons does bromine have? ANSWER: [Ar]4s23d104p5 Bromine has 18 inner electrons, 17 outer electrons, and 7 valence electrons. 203. Write the electron configuration for titanium using noble gas shorthand. How many inner, outer, and valence electrons does titanium have? ANSWER: [Ar]4s23d2 Titanium has 18 inner electrons, 4 outer electrons, and 2 valence electrons. 204. How many valence electrons does carbon have? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 0 ANSWER: b 205. How many valence electrons do elements in group 17 (7A) have? a. 2 b. 4 Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement c. 6 d. 7 e. 8 ANSWER: d 206. How many valence electrons do elements in group 2 (2A) have? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 7 e. 8 ANSWER: a 207. Which of the following elements have a valence-level electron configuration of s2p1? a. Be b. Na c. K d. Sc e. Al ANSWER: e 208. Which of the following elements have a valence-level electron configuration of s2p2? a. B b. S c. Ti d. Si e. Al ANSWER: d 209. What is the electron configuration of Zn2+? a. [Ar]4s23d10 b. [Ar]3d10 c. [Ar]4s23d8 d. [Ar]4s23d104p2 e. [Ar]4s13d9 ANSWER: b 210. What is the electron configuration for the highest-energy occupied sublevel of antimony? a. 3d10 Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement b. 4p4 c. 4p3 d. 4s2 e. 3d9 ANSWER: c 211. Which group of elements has 6 valence electrons? a. group 2 (2A) b. group 4 (4A) c. group 15 (5A) d. group 16 (6A) e. group 18 (8A) ANSWER: d 212. Based on the periodic table, molybdenum’s electron configuration is expected to be [Kr]5s24d4, but it is actually [Kr]5s14d5. What causes this to happen? ANSWER: Half-filled s and d sublevels are slightly more stable than a full s orbital and partially filled d sublevel. 213. Based on the periodic table, silver's electron configuration is expected to be [Kr]5s24d9, but it is actually [Kr]5s14d10. What causes this to happen? ANSWER: A half-filled s and a full d sublevel are doubly stabilized and more favorable than a full s orbital and a partially filled d sublevel. 214. Using the periodic table, chromium's electron configuration is expected to be [Ar]4s23d4, but it has been experimentally determined to have a different electron configuration. What is chromium's actual electron configuration? Why does it deviate from the expected electron configuration? ANSWER: Chromium's actual electron configuration is [Ar]4s13d5. The half-filled s and d sublevels are slightly more stable than a full s orbital with a partially filled d sublevel. 215. Using the periodic table, copper's electron configuration is expected to be [Ar]4s23d9, whereas it has been experimentally determined to have a different electron configuration. What is copper's actual electron configuration? Why does it deviate from the expected electron configuration? ANSWER: Copper's actual electron configuration is [Ar]4s13d10. A half-filled s and a full d sublevel are doubly stabilized and more favorable than a full s orbital and a partially filled d sublevel. 216. What are the electron configurations for Ge, Ge2+, and Ge4+? ANSWER: Ge: [Ar]4s23d104p2 Ge2+: [Ar]4s23d10 Ge4+: [Ar]3d10 Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 217. What is the effective nuclear charge for a fluorine atom? a. +9 b. +8 c. +7 d. +6 e. +2 ANSWER: c 218. Which element has the highest effective nuclear charge? a. Mg b. S c. B d. C e. N ANSWER: b 219. Which of the following elements has the largest atomic radius? a. B b. Bi c. Ba d. Br e. Be ANSWER: c 220. Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius? a. Ne b. S c. Li d. As e. Sn ANSWER: a 221. Which of the following isoelectronic ions has the largest radius? a. Cl– b. S2– c. P3– d. K+ e. Ca2+ ANSWER: c Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 222. Which element has the highest ionization energy? a. Fe b. S c. Al d. O e. N ANSWER: d 223. Which of the following equations represents the second ionization energy of oxygen? a. O(g) + 2e– → O2–(g) b. O–(g) + e– → O2–(g) c. O2–(g) + 2e–→ O(g) d. O(g) → O2+(g) + 2e– e. O+(g) → O2+(g) + 2e– ANSWER: e 224. What property is a measure of the energy change when an atom gains an electron? a. ionization energy b. effective nuclear charge c. metallic character d. electron affinity e. nonmetallic character ANSWER: d 225. The electron affinity of chlorine is –349 kJ/mol. What is the change in energy associated with 10.0 g of Cl reacting to produce Cl–? a. –109 kJ b. –98.4 kJ c. –56.9 kJ d. –117 kJ e. –72.3 kJ ANSWER: b 226. Write the equations that represent the first and second ionization energies of sulfur. ANSWER: first ionization energy: S(g) → S+(g) + e– second ionization energy: S+(g) → S2+(g) + e– 227. Rank the following elements in order of increasing atomic radius: Se, Ca, N, O, K. ANSWER: O < N < Se < Ca < K Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 228. Rank the following isoelectronic species in order of decreasing radius: Xe, Cs+, Ba2+, I–, Te2–. ANSWER: Te2– > I– > Xe > Cs+ > Ba2+ 229. What is the metallic character of an element? Describe the periodic trends for metallic character for periods and groups. ANSWER: The metallic character of an element refers to whether or not its chemical and physical properties are associated with metals. Elements with high metallic character are typically good conductors of heat and electricity, shiny, malleable, and tend to lose electrons easily in chemical reactions. As you move across a period from right to left on the periodic table, the metallic character increases. As you move down a group, the metallic character also increases. 230. What charge would you expect on an ion of strontium? a. +4 b. +2 c. +1 d. –1 e. –2 ANSWER: b 231. Which of the following anions has the most oxygen atoms? a. perchlorate b. bromate c. chlorite d. hypobromite e. iodide ANSWER: a 232. What is the formula for the nitrate ion? a. NO32– b. NO3– c. NO4– d. NO42– e. N3– ANSWER: b 233. Which of the following metals commonly forms an ion with a +3 charge? a. zinc b. copper c. magnesium d. sodium Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement e. aluminum ANSWER: e 234. Based on its position in the periodic table, what charge would you expect an ion of phosphorus to have? a. +2 b. +3 c. –3 d. –2 e. –1 ANSWER: c 235. Which of the following is the ferrous ion? a. Fe3– b. Fe+ c. Fe2+ d. Fe3+ e. Fe2– ANSWER: c 236. Which of the following does NOT commonly form a monatomic anion? a. xenon b. phosphorus c. bromine d. sulfur e. nitrogen ANSWER: a 237. What is the charge on the carbonate ion? a. +1 b. –1 c. +2 d. –2 e. –3 ANSWER: d 238. Which polyatomic anion has the formula HCO3–? ANSWER: The bicarbonate anion or the hydrogen carbonate anion. 239. What is the formula for the ammonium ion? ANSWER: NH4+ Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 240. Which common polyatomic ion has a charge of –3? ANSWER: phosphate, PO43– 241. Based on its position in the periodic table, what would you expect the charge on an ion of iodine to be? ANSWER: –1 242. What is the formula of an ionic compound made from iron(III) and fluoride ions? a. FeF b. Fe3F c. Fe2F3 d. FeF3 e. Fe3F2 ANSWER: d 243. What is the formula for barium sulfate? a. BaSO3 b. BaSO4 c. Ba2SO4 d. Ba(SO4)2 e. Ba(SO3)2 ANSWER: b 244. What is the name of the ionic compound with the formula FeO? a. iron(II) oxide b. iron oxide c. iron(III) oxide d. iron dioxide e. iron peroxide ANSWER: a 245. What is the formula of calcium phosphate? a. Ca3PO4 b. Ca3(PO4)2 c. Ca2(PO4)3 d. CaPO4 e. Ca2PO4 ANSWER: b Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 246. What is the formula of cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate? a. CuCl2·4H2O b. CoCl2·7H2O c. CaCl2·6H2O d. CuCl2·7H2O e. CoCl2·6H2O ANSWER: e 247. What is the name of the hydrate Ca(NO3)2 4H2O? a. calcium dinitrate tetrahydrate b. cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate c. calcium nitrate tetrahydrate d. calcium nitrate pentahydrate e. cadmium nitrate hexahydrate ANSWER: c 248. What is the formula for calcium sulfate? a. CaSO4 b. CaSO3 c. CaSO2 d. CaS e. CaS2 ANSWER: a 249. Two electrons are put close very to each other. The force they experience is _____ a. attractive and weak. b. attractive and strong. c. repulsive and weak. d. repulsive and strong. e. nothing. ANSWER: d 250. To form a neutral solid the positive charge must be _____________ the negative charge. a. less than b. greater than c. equal to d. far away from e. none of the above Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement ANSWER: c 251. What is the name of the ionic compound Mn(ClO4)2? a. manganese chlorate b. manganese(II) perchlorate c. manganese(II) chloride d. manganese(III) hypochlorite e. manganese dichlorate ANSWER: b 252. When two oppositely charged ions come close together, they are attracted and form what kind of bond? ANSWER: an ionic bond 253. What is the name of the ionic compound Al2O3? ANSWER: Aluminum oxide 254. We can calculate the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged particles using what law? ANSWER: Coulomb's law 255. Predict the empirical formula of an ionic compound made from barium and iodide ions. ANSWER: BaI2 256. What is the formula of sodium phosphate? ANSWER: Na3PO4 257. Which of the following compounds has at least one covalent bond? a. NaCl b. H2O c. KBr d. MgCl2 e. CaO ANSWER: b 258. What is the formula for nitrogen trifluroride? a. NF b. N3F c. NF2 d. NF3 e. N4F3 ANSWER: d Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 259. What is the name for the compound SF6? a. sulfur fluoride b. sulfur hexafluorine c. sulfur hexafluoride d. monosulfur hexafluoride e. hexasulfur fluoride ANSWER: c 260. What type of bond forms when two pairs of electrons are shared? a. single covalent bond b. double covalent bond c. triple covalent bond d. ionic bond e. metallic bond ANSWER: b 261. What is the name of the compound CBr4? a. carbon tetrabromide b. carbon bromide c. monocarbon tetrabromide d. carbide tetrabromide e. carbon tetrabromine ANSWER: a 262. What is the name of P4O10? a. phosphorus oxide b. tetraphosphorus decoxygen c. tetraphosphorus decoxide d. phosphide oxide e. phosphorus decoxide ANSWER: c 263. What is the formula of dinitrogen monoxide? a. NO b. NO2 c. N2O d. N2O2 e. N2O4 Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement ANSWER: c 264. What is the formula for silicon dioxide? a. SO2 b. SiO4 c. SO4 d. Si2O4 e. SiO2 ANSWER: e 265. Which of the following elements is NOT diatomic? a. hydrogen b. bromine c. fluorine d. nitrogen e. helium ANSWER: e 266. What is the name for SiCl4? a. silicon tetrachloride b. silicon chloride c. monosilicon chloride d. monosilicon tetrachloride e. tetrachloride silicon ANSWER: a 267. What is the name of the covalent compound S2O4? ANSWER: disulfur tetroxide 268. What is a covalent bond? ANSWER: A covalent bond is a chemical bond where two electrons are shared between two atoms. 269. What is the formula for xenon hexafluoride? ANSWER: XeF6 270. What is the name for N2S5? ANSWER: dinitrogen pentasulfide 271. What type of elements usually form covalent bonds? ANSWER: nonmetals Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 272. Ionic compounds form between what two types of atoms? a. two metals b. two nonmetals c. a metal and a nonmetal d. two noble gases e. a solid and a liquid ANSWER: c 273. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic property of ionic compounds? a. high melting and boiling points b. low melting and boiling points c. high solubility in water d. electrical conductivity in solution e. usually solid at room temperature ANSWER: b 274. Which of the following is typically TRUE for covalent compounds? a. good conductors of electricity in solution b. high melting and boiling points c. highly soluble in water d. low melting and boiling points e. always solid at room temperature ANSWER: d 275. Which of the following is an example of an ionic compound? a. N2O b. KBr c. H2O d. N2 e. C3H8 ANSWER: b 276. Which of the following is an example of a covalent compound? a. LiBr b. MgO c. H2O d. MgCl2 e. NaF ANSWER: c Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement 277. Which of the following compounds is an acid? a. H2 b. CaCl2 c. K2SO4 d. NaNO3 e. H2CO3 ANSWER: e 278. What is the name of the acid H2SO3? a. sulfurous acid b. sulfuric acid c. hydrosulfuric acid d. dihydrogen sulfite e. hydrosulfurous acid ANSWER: a 279. What is the formula for perchloric acid? a. HCl b. HClO c. HClO2 d. HClO3 e. HClO4 ANSWER: e 280. An aqueous solution of an ionic compound is called _____. a. a heterogeneous solution b. a magnetic solution c. an electrochemical solution d. an electrolyte solution e. a conducting solution ANSWER: d 281. What does phosphoric acid ionize into when dissolved into water? ANSWER: It will ionize into three hydrogen ions and one phosphate ion. 282. Based on its formula, would you expect BaCO3 to be ionic or covalent? ANSWER: Barium is a metal and the carbonate anion is made of nonmetals, which makes barium carbonate an ionic compound. 283. How do the melting points of ionic and covalent compounds differ? Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement ANSWER: Ionic compounds tend to have higher melting points, and covalent compounds tend to have lower melting points. 284. How do the behaviors of ionic and covalent compounds differ in aqueous solution? ANSWER: Soluble ionic compounds dissociate into their constituent ions, whereas covalent compounds remain as discrete molecules. 285. Would you expect an aqueous solution of copper(II) chloride to conduct electricity? ANSWER: Yes, a solution of copper(II) chloride will conduct electricity as ionic compounds dissociate into their constituent ions, becoming strong electrolytes. 286. What does the empirical formula of a compound represent? a. the actual number of atoms in a molecule b. the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound c. the molecular weight of a compound d. the ratio of isotopes in a molecule e. the arrangement of atoms in a molecule ANSWER: b 287. If a compound consists of 40% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen and 53.3% oxygen by mass, what is its empirical formula? a. CHO b. CH2O c. CH3O d. C3H6O2 e. C4H8O ANSWER: b 288. What is the molecular formula of a compound if its empirical formula is CH2 and the molar mass is 56 g/mol? a. CH2 b. C3H6 c. C2H4 d. C4H8 e. C5H10 ANSWER: d 289. Mass spectrometry provides what information about a compound? a. the percent composition b. the empirical formula Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement c. the empirical mass d. the molecular mass e. the atomic mass ANSWER: d 290. Which of the following best describes combustion analysis? a. analysis of products formed by burning a sample b. the identification of elements through heating c. analysis of metallic elements d. separation of mixtures based on combustion products e. measurement of bond energies ANSWER: a 291. In combustion analysis, which of the following is measured to determine the amount of hydrogen in a compound? a. carbon dioxide (CO2) b. hydrogen (H2) c. oxygen (O2) d. methane (CH4) e. water (H2O) ANSWER: e 292. If a compound contains 82.6% carbon and 17.4% hydrogen by mass, what is its empirical formula? a. CH3 b. C2H5 c. C4H5 d. C4H12 e. C5H8 ANSWER: b 293. Which of the following is TRUE about molecular formulas? a. They always have a greater number of atoms than empirical formulas b. They represent the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound. c. They provide the exact number of each type of atom in a molecule. d. They are the same as a structural formula. e. They are always multiples of isotopic masses. ANSWER: c 294. What is the empirical formula of C8H8O3? Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement a. C4H4O3 b. C8H8O3 c. C16H16O6 d. C4H4O3 e. None of the above ANSWER: b 295. A compound has an empirical formula of CH2 and a molecular mass of 97.8 g/mol, what is the molecular formula of this compound? ANSWER: The mass of the CH2 unit is 14.03 g/mol. Taking 97.8/14.03 gives a value of 6.97 ≈ 7, so the molecular formula would be C7H14. 296. What are the three components of a mass spectrometer? ANSWER: The three main components of a mass spectrometer are: an ionizing chamber, an electric field, and a detector. 297. A compound was analyzed and determined to be 53.3% C, 11.2% H, and 35.5% O by mass. Further analysis by mass spectrometry determined the molecular weight to be 90.1 g/mol. What is the molecular formula for this compound? ANSWER: C4H10O2 298. An unknown compound was analyzed by combustion analysis and found to be 37.23% C, 7.81% H, and 54.96% Cl. What is the empirical formula of this compound? ANSWER: C2H5Cl 299. What information is required to find the molecular formula of a compound? ANSWER: We need the empirical formula and the molecular mass to find the molecular formula. 300. What is the purpose of elemental analysis? a. to determine the molecular formula b. to measure the molecular mass of a compound c. to determine the percent composition of elements in a compound d. to identify the empirical formula only e. to separate elements from a mixture ANSWER: c 301. Which set of coefficients would balance the following chemical equation? a. 1, 3, 2, 4 b. 2, 5, 6, 2 c. 1, 5, 3, 4 Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement d. 2, 10, 6, 8 e. 1, 7, 3, 4 ANSWER: c 302. Which of the following is TRUE about the products of a combustion of a hydrocarbon? a. The products are always water and hydrogen. b. The products are always water and carbon monoxide. c. The products are always water and carbon dioxide. d. The products are always hydrogen and carbon dioxide. e. The products are always nitrogen and carbon dioxide. ANSWER: c 303. What must be the same on both sides of a balanced chemical equation? a. the number of molecules b. the number of atoms of each element c. the volume of gases d. the total energy e. the temperature ANSWER: b 304. Which of the following represents a correctly balanced equation? a. b. c. d. e. ANSWER: d 305. In the equation molecules? a. 3:2 b. 1:1 c. 2:3 d. 1:2 e. 3:3 ANSWER: a
, what is the ratio of chlorine molecules to aluminum chloride
306. What is the coefficient for water when the following equation is balanced? a. 1 Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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