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TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Representing Motion Chapter 2 Motion in One Dimension Chapter 3 Vectors and Motion in Two Dimensions Chapter 4 Forces and Newton's Laws of Motion Chapter 5 Applying Newton's Laws Chapter 6 Gravity Chapter 7 Rotational Motion Chapter 8 Equilibrium ad Elasticity Chapter 9 Momentum Chapter 10 Energy and Work Chapter 11 Using Energy Chapter 12 Thermal Properties of Matter Chapter 13 Fluids Chapter 14 Oscillations Chapter 15 Traveling Waves and Sound Chapter 16 Superposition and Standing Waves Chapter 17 Wave Optics Chapter 18 Ray Optics Chapter 19 Optical Instruments Chapter 20 Electric Fields and Forces Chapter 21 Electric Potential Chapter 22 Current and Resistance Chapter 23 Circuits 23.1 Conceptual Questions Chapter 24 Magnetic Fields and Forces Chapter 25 EM Induction and EM Waves Chapter 26 AC Electricity Chapter 27 Relativity Chapter 28 Quantum Physics Chapter 29 Atoms and Molecules Chapter 30 Nuclear

College Physics: A Strategic Approach, 4e (Knight) Chapter 1 Representing Motion 1.1 Conceptual Questions 1) In the product A ∙ B ∙ C, A has 5 significant figures, B has 2 significant figures, and C has 3 significant figures. How many significant figures does the product have? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 10 Answer: A Var: 1 2) In the quotient

, A has 5 significant figures, B has 2 significant figures, and C has 3

significant figures. How many significant figures does the quotient have? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 0 E) 1 Answer: A Var: 1 3) In the sum A + B + C, A is accurate to 5 decimal places, B is accurate to 2 decimal places, and C is accurate to 3 decimal places. What is the correct number of decimal places in the sum? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 10 Answer: A Var: 1 4) In the difference A - B - C, A is accurate to 5 decimal places, B is accurate to 2 decimal places, and C is accurate to 3 decimal places. What is the correct number of decimal places in the difference? A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 E) 0 Answer: A Var: 1 1 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

5) How many significant figures are in the number 0.0037010? A) four B) five C) six D) seven E) eight Answer: B Var: 1 6) How many significant figures are in the number 0.010? A) four B) three C) two D) one Answer: C Var: 1 7) How many significant figures are in the number 120.070? A) six B) five C) four D) three Answer: A Var: 1 8) The number of significant figures in 10001 is A) two. B) three. C) five. D) six. Answer: C Var: 6 9) The number of significant figures in 0.01500 is A) two. B) three. C) four. D) five. Answer: C Var: 5

10) The number of significant figures in 0.040 is A) one. B) two. C) three. D) four. Answer: B Var: 6 11) Which of the following numbers has 4 significant figures; which has 5 significant figures? (a) 3001 (b) 0.00370 (c) 4774.00 (d) 29.290 Answer: (a) has 4 significant figures; (d) has 5 significant figures Var: 1 12) In a parallel universe, the quantity π has the value 3.14049… . Express π in that universe to (a) four significant figures (b) five significant figures. Answer: (a) 3.140 (b) 3.1405 Var: 1 13) The metric system is preferred over the British system in science for the following main reason. A) The metric system is more precise than the British system. B) Metric quantities can be defined more accurately than the quantities in the British system. C) Metric quantities are natural whereas British quantities are invented. D) Conversions between metric quantities are especially easy because they are all related by factors of ten. Answer: D Var: 1 14) A reasonable estimate for the mass of a typical female college student is A) 20 kg. B) 50 kg. C) 150 kg. D) 200 kg. Answer: B Var: 1 15) A reasonable estimate for the height of an ordinary adult male is A) 50 cm. B) 70 cm. C) 200 cm. D) 300 cm. Answer: C Var: 1 3 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

16) A reasonable estimate for the mass of a typical new-born baby is A) 1 kg. B) 3 kg. C) 10 kg. D) 20 kg. Answer: B Var: 1 17) A reasonable estimate for the height of the walls in an ordinary American home is A) 10 m. B) 8 m. C) 2.5 m. D) 1.5 m. Answer: C Var: 1 18) A reasonable estimate for the duration of a typical physics lecture is A) 600 s. B) 1000 s. C) 3500 s. D) 10,000 s. Answer: C Var: 1 19) A reasonable estimate for the mass of an ordinary passenger car is A) 100 kg B) 1000 kg C) 5000 kg D) 10,000 kg Answer: B Var: 1

1.2 Problems 1) What is the product of 12.56 and 2.12 expressed to the correct number of significant figures? A) 27 B) 26.6 C) 26.23 D) 26.627 Answer: B Var: 3 2) What is the quotient of 2.43 ÷ 4.561 expressed to the correct number of significant figures? A) 5.3278 × B) 5.328 × C) 5.33 × D) 5.3 × Answer: C Var: 3 3) What is

expressed to the correct number of significant figures?

A) 0.91 B) 0.911 C) 0.9108 D) 0.9 Answer: A Var: 50+ 4) What is 0.2052/3, to the correct number of significant figures? A) 0.348 B) 0.35 C) 0.3 D) 0.3477 Answer: A Var: 50+ 5) Add and significant figures. A) 4.64 × 107 mg B) 4.64 × 104 mg C) 4.64 × 105 mg D) 4.64 × 106 mg Answer: A Var: 50+

and express your answer in milligrams (mg) to the correct number of

6) What is

expressed to the correct number of significant figures?

Answer: 1.22 Var: 1 7) The length and width of a rectangle are 1.125 m and 0.606 m, respectively. Multiplying, your calculator gives the product as 0.68175. Rounding properly to the correct number of significant figures, the area of the rectangle should be written as A) 0.68 m2 B) 0.682 m2 C) 0.6818 m2 D) 0.68175 m2 Answer: B Var: 1 8) What is the sum of 2.67 + 1.976 + 2.1 expressed to the correct number of significant figures? A) 6.7 B) 6.75 C) 6.746 D) 6.7460 Answer: A Var: 3 9) Express the sum of 420.77, 13.821, and 2317.8 to the correct number of significant figures. Answer: 2752.4 Var: 1 10) What is the difference between 103.5 and 102.24 expressed to the correct number of significant figures? A) 1.3 B) 1.26 C) 1.260 D) 1.2600 Answer: A Var: 3 11) What is the sum of 1.53 + 2.786 + 3.3 expressed to the correct number of significant figures? A) 7 B) 7.6 C) 7.62 D) 7.616 E) 7.6160 Answer: B Var: 3

12) Express the result of the following calculation to the proper number of significant figures: 50.19 - 7966 × 10-3. Answer: 42.22 Var: 1 13) What is the result, expressed to the proper number of significant figures, of adding 23.4 to 91.237 and then subtracting 23.4? A) 91.237 B) 91.2 C) 91.3 D) 91.0 E) 91 Answer: B Var: 1 14) Express the result of the following calculation, in scientific notation, to the proper number of significant figures:

+ 19

Answer: 5.9 × 104 Var: 1 15) Add the following lengths, each obtained from a different measuring instrument, and round the answer to the proper number of significant figures: 20.02 m, 5.91 m, 0.0097 m, and 2.467 m. Answer: 28.41 m Var: 1 16) The last page of a book is numbered 764. The book is 3.0 cm thick, not including its covers. What is the average thickness (in centimeters) of a page in the book, rounded to the proper number of significant figures? A) 0.0039 cm B) 0.072 cm C) 0.0079 cm D) 0.00393 cm E) 0.00785 cm Answer: C Var: 1 17) The length and width of a rectangle are 1.125 m and 0.606 m, respectively. You calculate the rectangle's perimeter by adding these numbers and multiplying by two. Your calculator's display reads 3.462. To the correct number of significant figures, the perimeter should be written as A) 3.5 m. B) 3.46 m. C) 3.462 m. D) 3.4620 m. Answer: C Var: 1 7 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

18) A rectangular garden measures 15 m long and 13.70 m wide. What is the length of a diagonal from one corner of the garden to the other? A) 18 m B) 19 m C) 20 m D) 4.1 × 102 m Answer: C Var: 1 19) If a circle has a radius of 1.109 m, what is its area expressed to the correct number of significant figures? A) 3.86 m2 B) 3.863 m2 C) 3.864 m2 D) 3.8638 m2 E) 3.86379 m2 Answer: C Var: 1 20) A train travels at a constant speed of 60.4 mi/h for 101.5 min. What distance does the train cover expressed to the correct number of significant figures? A) 100 mi B) 102 mi C) 102.2 mi D) 102.18 mi E) 102.181 mi Answer: B Var: 1 21) A dog has three puppies. Spot weighs 12 ounces. Rascal weighs 9.5 ounces. Socks weighs 10.2 ounces. What is the total weight of the litter expressed to the correct number of significant figures? A) 31.7 ounces B) 31 ounces C) 32 ounces D) 30 ounces E) 31.70 ounces Answer: C Var: 1

22) A traveler has about $536 in his checking account, about $2107 in his savings account and exactly $7.62 in his wallet. To the greatest precision warranted, how much money does this shopper have? A) $2651 B) $2,650 C) $2,650.6 D) $2,650.62 E) $2,650.620 Answer: A Var: 1 23) To get to her physics class, Alice walks 0.25 mi to the bus stop. She takes the bus 1.2 mi to the train station. She takes the train 13 mi and walks the remaining 0.17 mi to her class. How far is her commute expressed to the correct number of significant figures? A) 14.6 mi B) 10 mi C) 15 mi D) 14.62 mi E) 14.620 mi Answer: C Var: 1 24) What is 56 +

written with the correct number of significant figures?

A) 62.8 B) 62.812 C) 62.81 D) 63 E) 62.8123846 Answer: D Var: 1 25) Using a digital balance the mass of a certain piece of wood is read as 12.946 g. Thinking in terms of accuracy and significant figures, what value would you record on your data sheet if the balance is accurate to one-tenth of a gram? A) 12.9 g B) 12.95 g C) 13 g D) 13.0 g Answer: A Var: 1

26) Which of the following numbers is the smallest? A) 15 × 10-3 B) 0.15 × 100 C) 0.00015 × 103 D) 0.00000015 × 106 Answer: A Var: 1 27) Which one of the following numbers is equivalent to the number 0.0001776? A) 1.776 × 10-4 B) 17.76 × 10-3 C) 1776 × 10-5 D) 177.6 × 10-7 Answer: A Var: 1 28) Write out the number 8.42 × 10-5 in full with a decimal point and correct number of zeros. A) 0.00000842 B) 0.0000842 C) 0.000842 D) 0.00842 Answer: B Var: 5 29) What is the result of the calculation (0.410 + 0.021) × (2.20 × 103)? A) 880 B) 946 C) 948 D) 950 Answer: C Var: 1 30) Express (2.2 × 106)-1/2 in scientific notation. A) 6.7 × 10-4 B) 1.5 × 103 C) 1.5 × 10-5 D) 1.5 × 104 Answer: A Var: 40

31) Express the number 13.5 gigameters in meters without using scientific notation. A) 135,000 m B) 135,000,000 m C) 135,000,000,000 m D) 13,500,000,000 m Answer: D Var: 1 32) A volume of 100 mL is equivalent to which one of the following volumes? A) 1 kL B) 10-6 μL C) 0.1 L D) 0.01 ML Answer: C Var: 1 33) The volume of a 10-mL test tube is equivalent to which one of the following quantities? A) 0.01 L B) 0.001 kL C) 0.1 L D) 1 × 10-6 L E) 0.001 ML Answer: A Var: 1 34) The number 0.00325 × 10-8 cm can be expressed in millimeters as A) 3.25 × 10-12 mm. B) 3.25 × 10-11 mm. C) 3.25 × 10-10 mm. D) 3.25 × 10-9 mm. Answer: C Var: 1 35) An area of 1.00 × 102 cm2 is how many square meters? A) 1.00 m2 B) 1.00 × 102 m2 C) 1.00 × 10-2 m2 D) 1.00 × 104 m2 E) 1.00 × 10-3 m2 Answer: C Var: 1

36) The prefix yotta (Y) signifies a multiple of 1024. How many yottameters are there in a gigameter? Answer: 10-15 ym Var: 1 37) Express the sum 1.00 kg + 1531 g + 2.54 × 104 mg in kilograms with the correct number of significant figures. A) 2.56 kg B) 27.9 kg C) 2.53 kg D) 2.79 kg Answer: A Var: 1 38) The quantity 0.00325 × 10-8 cm is equivalent to A) 3.25 × 10-12 mm B) 3.25 × 10-11 mm C) 3.25 × 10-10 mm D) 3.25 × 10-9 mm E) 3.25 × 10-8 mm Answer: C Var: 1 39) A weight lifter can bench press A) 1.71 × 108 mg B) 1.71 × 109 mg C) 1.71 × 107 mg D) 1.71 × 106 mg Answer: A Var: 50+

How many milligrams is this?

40) How many nanoseconds does it take for a computer to perform one calculation if it performs calculations per second? A) 15 ns B) 67 ns C) 11 ns D) 65 ns Answer: A Var: 50+

41) A certain disk can store 600 megabytes of information. If an average word requires 9.0 bytes of storage, how many words can be stored on one disk? A) 6.7 × 107 words B) 5.4 × 109 words C) 2.1 × 107 words D) 2.0 × 109 words Answer: A Var: 9 42) The wavelength of the light from a certain laser is What is this wavelength in nanometers? (1 nm = 10-9m) A) 6.6 × 102 nm B) 6.6 × 103 nm C) 6.6 × 101 nm D) 6.6 × 104 nm Answer: A Var: 50+

where

43) If you are 5'10'' tall, what is your height in meters? (2.54 cm = 1.00 in.) A) 1.5 m B) 1.6 m C) 1.7 m D) 1.8 m Answer: D Var: 1 44) Given that 1.00 in. = 2.54 cm and 1.00 yd = 36.0 in., how many meters are in 7.00 yd? A) 6.40 m B) 36.3 m C) 640 m D) 1.78 × 103 m Answer: A Var: 1 45) Hydraulicists often express rainfall in acre-feet. This is the amount of water required to cover an area of one acre to a depth of one foot. There are 640.0 acres in a square mile, and 5280 feet in one mile. How many cubic feet are there in one acre-foot? Answer: 43,560 ft3 Var: 1

46) Express 50 mi/h in units of meters per second. (1 mi = 1609 m) A) 49 m/s B) 2.2 m/s C) 22 m/s D) 45 m/s Answer: C Var: 1 47) Given that 1.00 in. = 2.54 cm, how many square centimeters are in 1.00 square inch? A) 1.59 B) 2.54 C) 5.08 D) 6.45 Answer: D Var: 1 48) A plot of land contains ft2 and 2.54 cm = 1.00 in.) A) 2.3 × 104 m2 B) 7.1 × 103 m2 C) 7.0 × 104 m2 D) 5.0 × 104 m2 Answer: A Var: 50+

How many square meters does it contain? (1.0 acre = 43,560

49) The density of water is 1.00 g/cm3. What is its density in kg/m3? Answer: 1.00 ×103 kg/m3 Var: 1 50) A light-year (ly) is the distance that light travels in one year. The speed of light is 3.00 × 108 m/s. How many miles are there in 1.00 ly? (1.00 mi = 1.609 km and one year is 365.25 days.) A) 2.87 × 1013 mi B) 9.46 × 1015 mi C) 5.88 × 1015 mi D) 9.46 × 1012 mi E) 5.88 × 1012 mi Answer: E Var: 1

51) A speed of 60 mi/h is closest to which of the following? (2.54 cm = 1.00 in.) A) 60 m/s B) 20 m/s C) 30 km/h D) 120 m/s E) 30 m/s Answer: E Var: 1 52) Which of the following speeds is greatest? (2.54 cm = 1.00 in.) A) 10 km/h B) 10 m/s C) 10 ft/s D) 10 mi/h E) 10 yd/s Answer: B Var: 1 53) A person on a diet loses A) 2.6 × 103 μg/s B) 1.6 × 105 μg/s C) 44 μg/s D) 6.4 × 104 μg/s Answer: A Var: 11

in a week. How many micrograms per second (μg/s) are lost?

54) There are 640 acres in a square mile, 5280 ft in one mile, and 3.28 ft in one meter. How many acres are there in a hectare, which is a square one hundred meters on each side? Answer: 2.47 acres Var: 1 55) There are 2.00 dry pints to 1.00 dry quart, 8.00 dry quarts to 1.00 peck, 4.00 pecks to 1.00 bushel. An organic farmer wants to pick enough berries to fill 40,000 pint containers. How many bushels of berries does the farmer need? Answer: 625 bushels Var: 1 56) A typical ruby-throated hummingbird is 8 cm long. Express its length in millimeters and micrometers (µm). A) 80 mm; 800 µm B) 80 mm; 80,000 µm C) 800 mm; 0.008 µm D) 800 mm; 0.8 µm E) 0.8 mm; 8000 µm Answer: B Var: 1 15 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

57) A jogger has a mass of 50 kg. Express her mass in grams and micrograms (µg). A) 50,000 g; 5 ×106 µg B) 500,000 g; 500 × 106 µg C) 500,000 g; 5000 µg D) 50,000 g; 5 × 1010 µg E) 50,000 g; 50,000 µg Answer: D Var: 1 58) A jar of peanut butter costs $3.29. Express its price in dekadollars and decidollars. A) 0.329 dekadollars; 0.329 decidollars B) 32.9 dekadollars; 0.329 decidollars C) 329 dekadollars; 32.9 decidollars D) 0.329 dekadollars; 32.9 decidollars E) 32.9 dekadollars; 329 decidollars Answer: D Var: 1 59) The following conversion equivalents are given: 1.00 gal = 231 1.0 ft = 12 in 1.0 min = 60 s If a pipe delivers water at the rate of 95 gal/min, its rate of flow in ft3/s is closest to A) 0.21 ft3/s. B) 0.19 ft3/s. C) 0.17 ft3/s. D) 0.15 ft3/s. E) 0.14 ft3/s. Answer: A Var: 50+ 60) The following conversion equivalents are given: 1.0 m = 100 cm 1.0 in = 2.54 cm 1.0 ft = 12 in If a bin has a volume of 1.5 m3, the volume of the bin, in ft3, is closest to A) 35 ft3 B) 41 ft3 C) 47 ft3 D) 53 ft3 E) 59 ft3 Answer: D Var: 1

61) The following conversion equivalents are given: 1.0 mile = 5280 ft 1.0 ft = 12 in 1 m = 39.37 in 1.0 hour = 60 min 1.0 min = 60 s If a deer runs at 4.7 mi/h, its speed, in meters per second, is closest to A) 2.1 m/s. B) 1.7 m/s. C) 1.9 m/s. D) 2.3 m/s. E) 2.5 m/s. Answer: A Var: 50+ 62) A speed of 65 miles per hour is the same as which of the following? (1.00 ft = 30.48 cm) A) 24 m/s B) 29 m/s C) 32 m/s D) 37 m/s E) 42 m/s Answer: B Var: 1 63) The following conversion equivalents are given: 1.0 kg = 1000 g 1.0 l = 1000 1.0 l = 0.0353 The density of a certain liquid is 0.83 g/ . The density of this liquid, expressed in kg/ft3, is closest to A) 24 kg/ft3. B) 19 kg/ft3. C) 21 kg/ft3. D) 26 kg/ft3. E) 28 kg/ft3. Answer: A Var: 50+ 64) Your car gets 34.7 mi/gal on a vacation trip in the U.S. If you were figuring your mileage in Europe, how many km/L did it get? (3.79 L = 1.00 gal; 1.00 mi = 1.61 km) A) 14.7 km/L B) 9.16 km/L C) 55.9 km/L D) 32.4 km/L Answer: A Var: 50+

65) An oak tree was planted take leap days into account.) A) 6.9 × 108 B) 1.2 × 107 C) 2.9 × 107 D) 2.8 × 108 Answer: A Var: 12

ago. How many seconds does this correspond to? (Do not

66) At a certain time, the average size of a transistor in a microprocessor was 250 nanometers. A human hair has a diameter of 70 microns (micrometers). How many transistors fit across a human hair? A) 280 B) 28 C) 2800 D) 2.8 E) 0.28 Answer: A Var: 1 67) The king's chamber of the great pyramid in Egypt is 10.43 m long, 5.21 m wide, and 5.82 m high. What is the volume of the chamber in cubic feet, expressed to the correct number of significant figures? (1.00 in. = 2.54 cm) A) 316 ft3 B) 3,720 ft3 C) 6,530 ft3 D) 11,200 ft3 E) 13,200 ft3 Answer: D Var: 1 68) Rover eats 0.50 pound of dry dog food per day. How many 5.0-kg sacks of dog food does his owner need to buy in a year? (1.0 kg weighs 2.2 lb) A) 17 B) 25 C) 52 D) 80 E) 81 Answer: A Var: 1

69) The peak of Mt. Everest, at 10,900 m, is the highest point above sea level in the world. What is its elevation in miles? (1.00 m = 3.281 ft) A) 17.6 mi B) 0.630 mi C) 6.77 mi D) 6.20 mi E) 67.1 mi Answer: C Var: 1 70) The Hope Diamond weighs 44.5 carats, and there are 200 mg per carat. What is the mass of the Hope Diamond in kilograms? A) 0.000890 kg B) 0.00890 kg C) 0.0890 kg D) 0.890 kg E) 8.90 kg Answer: B Var: 1 71) The column of Trajan, erected in Rome in 106-113 A.D., is 125 feet tall. What is its height in centimeters? (2.54 cm = 1.00 in.) A) 1,510 cm B) 591 cm C) 2,520 cm D) 3,810 cm E) 38,100 cm Answer: D Var: 1 72) There are 640 acres in a square mile, and 5280 feet in 1.00 mile. What is the length in feet (to the nearest foot) of the side of a square having an area of 1.00 acre? A) 660 feet B) 209 feet C) 165 feet D) 412 feet E) 435 feet Answer: B Var: 1

73) An American football field, including end zones, is 360 feet long and 160 feet wide. If you needed to describe it for someone in Europe using the metric system, which one of the following quantities would be closest to its area in square meters? (2.54 cm = 1.00 in.) A) 4,920 m2 B) 5,350 m2 C) 88.0 m2 D) 12,100 m2 E) 13,200 m2 Answer: B Var: 1 74) Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is 21 in. wide and 30.25 in. tall. What is the area of the painting in square centimeters? (1.00 m = 39.37 in.) A) 4,100 cm2 B) 1,600 cm2 C) 660 cm2 D) 3,300 cm2 E) 2,400 cm2 Answer: A Var: 1 75) A cylindrical drinking glass has a diameter of 2.5 in. and is 5.5 in. tall. What is the volume of the drinking glass in cubic centimeters? (2.54 cm = 1.00 in.) A) 170 cubic cm B) 440 cubic cm C) 350 cubic cm D) 710 cubic cm E) 530 cubic cm Answer: B Var: 1 76) A football field is 120 yd long and 50 yd wide. What is the area of the football field, in square meters, given that 1.0 yd = 91.44 cm? A) 2.4 × 103 m2 B) 3.7 × 103 m2 C) 4.2 × 103 m2 D) 5.0 × 103 m2 Answer: D Var: 1

77) Wall posters are usually sold curled up in cylindrical cardboard tubes. If the length of the tube is 84.5 cm, and the inside diameter of the tube is 2.40 cm, what is the area of the poster expressed to the correct number of significant figures? (Assume the poster is just as long as the tube and does not overlap itself.) A) 202.8 cm2 B) 637.1 cm2 C) 203 cm2 D) 319 cm2 E) 637 cm2 Answer: E Var: 1 78) A spherical fruit has a radius of 3.23 cm. What is the volume of the fruit in cubic meters? A) 1.41 × 10-4 m3 B) 1.41 m3 C) 4.23 × 10-4 m3 D) 4.23 m3 Answer: A Var: 1 79) A thick-walled metal pipe of length 20.0 cm has an inside diameter of 2.00 cm and an outside diameter of 2.40 cm. What is the total surface area of the pipe, counting the ends, in square centimeters? A) 276 cm2 B) 277 cm2 C) 278 cm2 D) 279 cm2 Answer: D Var: 1 80) The radius of the earth is 3963 mi. Which one of the following numbers is closest to the surface area of the earth? (1.0 mi = 1609 m) A) 4.9 × 107 m2 B) 1.3 × 1014 m2 C) 2.6 × 1014 m2 D) 5.1 × 1014 m2 Answer: D Var: 1

81) A large school district has 300 school buses. If each school bus is used 3.0 hours each day, the average speed of the school buses is 15 mi/h, and the fuel economy of the buses is 10 mi/gal. How much does it cost to run these buses for 22 school days if gasoline costs $4.10 a gallon? A) $60,000 B) $120,000 C) $180,000 D) $240,000 Answer: B Var: 1 82) A 2.00-qt bottle of soda is on sale for $1.29. What should be the price of a 2.00-L bottle of the same soda to yield the same value? (1.00 qt = 0.947 L) Answer: $1.36 Var: 1 83) In a country where the unit of currency is the Passi, kerosene costs 130 Passi per liter, and one dollar buys 227 Passi. What is the cost of kerosene in dollars per gallon? (1.00 gal = 3.79 L) Answer: $2.17 per gallon Var: 1 84) The tank of a certain car holds 16 gallons of gasoline. (1.00 gal = 3.785 L) (a) How many liters of gasoline does this tank hold? (b) How many kilometers can the car travel on one tank if it gets 25 miles per gallon? Answer: (a) 61 L (b) 640 km Var: 1 85) The mass of Mars, 6.40 × 1023 kg, is about one-tenth that of Earth, and its radius, 3395 km, is about half that of Earth. What is the mean density (mass divided by volume) of Mars in kilograms per cubic meter? A) 9.76 × 102 kg/m3 B) 1.95 × 103 kg/m3 C) 3.90 × 103 kg/m3 D) 7.81 × 103 kg/m3 Answer: C Var: 1 86) The average density of blood is 1.06 × 103 kg/m3. If you donate a pint of blood to the Red Cross, how many grams of blood have you donated? (2.00 pt = 1.00 qt, 1.00 L = 1000 cm3, 1.00 qt = 0.947 L, and density is mass per unit volume.) A) 502 g B) 0.502 g C) 5020 g D) 5.02 × 105 g E) 5.02 g Answer: A Var: 1 22 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

87) Concrete is sold by the cubic yard. What is the mass, in kilograms, of 1.00 cubic yard of concrete that is 5.00 times as dense as water? (1.00 m = 1.094 yd, a cubic meter of water has a mass of 1,000 kg, and density is mass per unit volume.) A) 764 kg B) 6550 kg C) 2420 kg D) 8730 kg E) 3820 kg Answer: E Var: 1 88) A porch roof that slopes upward at 45° measures 3.0 m × 5.0 m. It is covered with a slab of insulating material that is 2.0 cm thick. If the density of the insulation is 15 kg/m3, what is the weight of the insulation, in pounds, on the roof? (1.00 kg weighs 2.2 lb and density is mass per unit volume.) A) 4.5 lb B) 9.0 lb C) 20 lb D) 990 lb E) 9.9 lb Answer: E Var: 1 89) Estimate how many pennies would you have to stack to reach from the floor to an average 8ft ceiling. A) 2 × 103 B) 2 × 102 C) 2 × 104 D) 2 × 105 E) 2 x 106 Answer: A Var: 1 90) Estimate the number of times the earth will rotate on its axis during a human's lifetime. A) 3 × 104 B) 3 × 105 C) 3 × 106 D) 3 × 107 E) 3 × 108 Answer: A Var: 1

91) Estimate the thickness, in meters, of an ordinary sheet of paper. A) 10-4 m B) 10-5 m C) 10-6 m D) 10-7 m E) 10-8 m Answer: A Var: 1 92) Which of the following is the most reasonable estimate of the number of characters (typed letters or numbers) in a 609-page book? Assume an average of 194 words per page and a reasonable average number of letters per word. A) 5 × 105 char B) 5 × 107 char C) 5 × 106 char D) 5 × 104 char Answer: A Var: 50+ 93) A marathon race is 26 mi and 385 yd long. Estimate how many strides would be required to run a marathon. Assume a reasonable value for the average number of feet/stride. A) 4.5 × 104 strides B) 4.5 × 103 strides C) 4.5 × 105 strides D) 4.5 × 106 strides Answer: A Var: 1 94) Estimate the number of times an average person's heart beats in a lifetime. Assume the average heart rate is and a life span of 75 years. A) 3 × 109 beats B) 3 × 108 beats C) 3 × 1010 beats D) 3 × 107 beats Answer: A Var: 50+

College Physics: A Strategic Approach, 4e (Knight) Chapter 2 Motion in One Dimension 2.1 Conceptual Questions 1) Consider a deer that runs from point A to point B. The distance the deer runs can be greater than the magnitude of its displacement, but the magnitude of the displacement can never be greater than the distance it runs. A) True B) False Answer: A Var: 1 2) Which of the following quantities has units of a displacement? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) 32 ft/s2 vertically downward B) 40 km southwest C) 9.8 m/s2 D) -120 m/s E) 186,000 mi Answer: B, E Var: 1 3) Suppose that an object travels from one point in space to another. Make a comparison between the magnitude of the displacement and the distance traveled by this object. A) The displacement is either greater than or equal to the distance traveled. B) The displacement is always equal to the distance traveled. C) The displacement is either less than or equal to the distance traveled. D) The displacement can be either greater than, smaller than, or equal to the distance traveled. Answer: C Var: 1 4) Consider a car that travels between points A and B. The car's average speed can be greater than the magnitude of its average velocity, but the magnitude of its average velocity can never be greater than its average speed. A) True B) False Answer: A Var: 1

5) Which of the following quantities has units of a velocity? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) 40 km southwest B) -120 m/s C) 9.8 m/s2 downward D) 186,000 mi E) 9.8 m/s downward Answer: B, E Var: 1 6) When is the average velocity of an object equal to the instantaneous velocity? A) only when the velocity is increasing at a constant rate B) only when the velocity is decreasing at a constant rate C) when the velocity is constant D) always E) never Answer: C Var: 1 7) You drive 6.0 km at 50 km/h and then another 6.0 km at 90 km/h. Your average speed over the 12 km drive will be A) greater than 70 km/h. B) equal to 70 km/h. C) less than 70 km/h. D) exactly 38 km/h. E) It cannot be determined from the information given because we must also know directions traveled. Answer: C Var: 1 8) If the velocity of an object is zero at some point, then its acceleration must also be zero at that point. A) True B) False Answer: B Var: 1 9) Which of the following situations is impossible? A) An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed west. B) An object has velocity directed east and acceleration directed east. C) An object has zero velocity but non-zero acceleration. D) An object has constant non-zero acceleration and changing velocity. E) An object has constant non-zero velocity and changing acceleration. Answer: E Var: 1

10) If the acceleration of an object is zero, then that object cannot be moving. A) True B) False Answer: B Var: 1 11) If the velocity of an object is zero, then that object cannot be accelerating. A) True B) False Answer: B Var: 1 12) Suppose that a car traveling to the west begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Which of the following statements about its acceleration is correct? A) The acceleration is toward the east. B) Since the car is slowing down, its acceleration must be negative. C) The acceleration is zero. D) The acceleration is toward the west. Answer: A Var: 1 13) An auto manufacturer advertises that their car can go "from zero to sixty in eight seconds." This is a description of what characteristic of the car's motion? A) average speed B) instantaneous speed C) average acceleration D) instantaneous acceleration E) displacement Answer: C Var: 1 14) An object moving in the +x direction experiences an acceleration of +2.0 m/s2. This means the object A) travels 2.0 m in every second. B) is traveling at 2.0 m/s. C) is decreasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second. D) is increasing its velocity by 2.0 m/s every second. Answer: D Var: 1

15) Suppose that a car traveling to the east (+x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Which statement concerning its acceleration must be correct? A) Its acceleration is in the +x direction. B) Its acceleration is in the -x direction. C) Its acceleration is zero. D) Its acceleration is decreasing in magnitude as the car slows down. Answer: B Var: 1 16) Suppose that a car traveling to the west (-x direction) begins to slow down as it approaches a traffic light. Which statement concerning its acceleration must be correct? A) Its acceleration is positive. B) Its acceleration is negative. C) Its acceleration is zero. D) Its acceleration is decreasing in magnitude as the car slows down. Answer: A Var: 1 17) Suppose that an object is moving with a constant velocity. Which statement concerning its acceleration must be correct? A) The acceleration is constantly increasing. B) The acceleration is constantly decreasing. C) The acceleration is a constant non-zero value. D) The acceleration is equal to zero. Answer: D Var: 1 18) If the velocity of an object is zero at one instant, what is true about the acceleration of that object? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The acceleration could be positive. B) The acceleration could be negative. C) The acceleration could be zero. D) The acceleration must be zero. Answer: A, B, C Var: 1 19) Under what condition is average velocity equal to the average of the object's initial and final velocity? A) This can only occur if there is no acceleration. B) The acceleration is constant. C) This can occur only when the velocity is zero. D) The acceleration must be constantly increasing. E) The acceleration must be constantly decreasing. Answer: B Var: 1

20) A racing car accelerates uniformly from rest along a straight track. This track has markers spaced at equal distances along it from the start, as shown in the figure. The car reaches a speed of 140 km/h as it passes marker 2.

Where on the track was the car when it was traveling at half this speed, that is at 70 km/h? A) Before marker 1 B) At marker 1 C) Between marker 1 and marker 2 Answer: A Var: 1 21) When a ball is thrown straight up with no air resistance, the acceleration at its highest point A) is upward B) is downward C) is zero D) reverses from upward to downward E) reverses from downward to upward Answer: B Var: 1 22) A rock from a volcanic eruption is launched straight up into the air with no appreciable air resistance. Which one of the following statements about this rock while it is in the air is correct? A) On the way up, its acceleration is downward and its velocity is upward, and at the highest point both its velocity and acceleration are zero. B) On the way down, both its velocity and acceleration are downward, and at the highest point both its velocity and acceleration are zero. C) Throughout the motion, the acceleration is downward, and the velocity is always in the same direction as the acceleration. D) The acceleration is downward at all points in the motion. E) The acceleration is downward at all points in the motion except that is zero at the highest point. Answer: D Var: 1 23) Suppose a ball is thrown straight up and experiences no appreciable air resistance. What is its acceleration just before it reaches its highest point? A) zero B) slightly less than g C) exactly g D) slightly greater than g Answer: C Var: 1 5 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

24) A ball is thrown straight up, reaches a maximum height, then falls to its initial height. Which of the following statements about the direction of the velocity and acceleration of the ball as it is going up is correct? A) Both its velocity and its acceleration point upward. B) Its velocity points upward and its acceleration points downward. C) Its velocity points downward and its acceleration points upward. D) Both its velocity and its acceleration points downward. Answer: B Var: 1 25) A ball is thrown downward in the absence of air resistance. After it has been released, which statement(s) concerning its acceleration is correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) Its acceleration is constantly increasing. B) Its acceleration is constant. C) Its acceleration is constantly decreasing. D) Its acceleration is zero. E) Its acceleration is greater than g. Answer: B Var: 1 26) A 10-kg rock and a 20-kg rock are thrown upward with the same initial speed v0 and experience no significant air resistance. If the 10-kg rock reaches a maximum height h, what maximum height will the 20-kg ball reach? A) h/4 B) h/2 C) h D) 2h E) 4h Answer: C Var: 1 27) A 10-kg rock and 20-kg rock are dropped from the same height and experience no significant air resistance. If it takes the 20-kg rock a time T to reach the ground, what time will it take the 10-kg rock to reach the ground? A) 4T B) 2T C) T D) T/2 E) T/4 Answer: C Var: 1

28) A 10-kg rock and a 20-kg rock are dropped at the same time and experience no significant air resistance. If the 10-kg rock falls with acceleration a, what is the acceleration of the 20-kg rock? A) 4a B) 2a C) a D) a/2 E) a/4 Answer: C Var: 1 29) Two objects are dropped from a bridge, an interval of 1.0 s apart. Air resistance is negligible. During the time that both objects continue to fall, their separation A) increases. B) decreases. C) stays constant. D) increases at first, but then stays constant. E) decreases at first, but then stays constant. Answer: A Var: 1 30) From the edge of a roof top you toss a green ball upwards with initial speed v0 and a blue ball downwards with the same initial speed. Air resistance is negligible. When they reach the ground below A) the green ball will be moving faster than the blue ball. B) the blue ball will be moving faster than the green ball. C) the two balls will have the same speed. Answer: C Var: 1 31) Ball A is dropped from the top of a building. One second later, ball B is dropped from the same building. Neglect air resistance. As time progresses, the difference in their speeds A) increases. B) remains constant. C) decreases. D) cannot be determined from the information given. Answer: B Var: 1 32) Two objects are thrown from the top of a tall building. One is thrown up, and the other is thrown down, both with the same initial speed. What are their speeds when they hit the street? Neglect air resistance. A) The one thrown up is traveling faster. B) The one thrown down is traveling faster. C) They are traveling at the same speed. D) It is impossible to tell because the height of the building is not given. Answer: C Var: 1 7 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

33) Brick A is dropped from the top of a building. Brick B is thrown straight down from the same building, and neither one experiences appreciable air resistance. Which statement about their accelerations is correct? A) The acceleration of A is greater than the acceleration of B. B) The acceleration of B is greater than the acceleration of A. C) The two bricks have exactly the same acceleration. D) Neither brick has any acceleration once it is released. Answer: C Var: 1 34) An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity in the +x direction. The position versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve. Answer: C Var: 1 35) An object is moving with constant non-zero acceleration in the +x direction. The position versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve. Answer: D Var: 1 36) An object is moving with constant non-zero velocity in the +x direction. The velocity versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve. Answer: A Var: 1 37) An object is moving with constant non-zero acceleration in the +x direction. The velocity versus time graph of this object is A) a horizontal straight line. B) a vertical straight line. C) a straight line making an angle with the time axis. D) a parabolic curve. Answer: C Var: 1 8 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

38) The slope of a position versus time graph gives A) the distance traveled. B) velocity. C) acceleration. D) displacement. Answer: B Var: 1 39) The slope of a velocity versus time graph gives A) the distance traveled. B) velocity. C) acceleration. D) displacement. Answer: C Var: 1 40) If the position versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the object is A) moving with constant non-zero speed. B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration. C) at rest. D) moving with increasing speed. Answer: C Var: 1 41) If the velocity versus time graph of an object is a horizontal line, the object is A) moving with zero acceleration. B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration. C) at rest. D) moving with increasing speed. Answer: A Var: 1 42) If the velocity versus time graph of an object is a straight line making an angle of +30° (counter clockwise) with the time axis, the object is A) moving with constant non-zero speed. B) moving with constant non-zero acceleration. C) at rest. D) moving with increasing acceleration. Answer: B Var: 1

43) The motions of a car and a truck along a straight road are represented by the velocity-time graphs in the figure. The two vehicles are initially alongside each other at time t = 0.

At time T, what is true of the distances traveled by the vehicles since time t = 0? A) They will have traveled the same distance. B) The truck will not have moved. C) The car will have travelled further than the truck. D) The truck will have travelled further than the car. Answer: D Var: 1

44) Which of the following graphs represent an object at rest? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

A) graph a B) graph b C) graph c D) graph d E) graph e Answer: A Var: 1

45) Which of the following graphs represent an object having zero acceleration?

A) only graph a B) only graph b C) graphs a and b D) graphs b and c E) graphs c and d Answer: C Var: 1 46) The figure shows a graph of the position x of two cars, C and D, as a function of time t.

According to this graph, which statements about these cars must be true? (There could be more than one correct choice.) A) The magnitude of the acceleration of car C is greater than the magnitude of the acceleration of car D. B) The magnitude of the acceleration of car C is less than the magnitude of the acceleration of car D. C) At time t = 10 s, both cars have the same velocity. D) Both cars have the same acceleration. E) The cars meet at time t = 10 s. Answer: D, E Var: 1

47) The graph in the figure shows the position of an object as a function of time. The letters H-L represent particular moments of time.

(a) At which moment in time is the speed of the object the greatest? (b) At which moment in time is the speed of the object equal to zero? Answer: (a) J (b) I Var: 1

48) A child standing on a bridge throws a rock straight down. The rock leaves the child's hand at time t = 0 s. If we take upward as the positive direction, which of the graphs shown below best represents the velocity of the stone as a function of time?

Answer: C Var: 1

49) A child standing on a bridge throws a rock straight down. The rock leaves the child's hand at time t = 0 s. If we take upward as the positive direction, which of the graphs shown below best represents the acceleration of the stone as a function of time?

Answer: B Var: 1 50) The motion of a particle is described in the velocity vs. time graph shown in the figure.

Over the nine-second interval shown, we can say that the speed of the particle A) only increases. B) only decreases. C) increases and then decreases. D) decreases and then increases. E) remains constant. Answer: D Var: 1 15 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

51) The graph in the figure shows the position of a particle as it travels along the x-axis.

At what value of t is the speed of the particle equal to 0 m/s? A) 0 s B) 1 s C) 2 s D) 3 s E) 4 s Answer: D Var: 1 52) The area under a curve in a velocity versus time graph gives A) acceleration. B) velocity. C) displacement. D) position. Answer: C Var: 1

2.2 Problems 1) If, in the figure, you start from the Bakery, travel to the Cafe, and then to the Art Gallery (a) what distance you have traveled? (b) what is your displacement?

Answer: (a) 10.5 km Var: 1

(b) 2.50 km south

2) An object moves 15.0 m north and then 11.0 m south. Find both the distance it has traveled and the magnitude of its displacement. A) 4.0 m, 26.0 m B) 26.0 m, 4.0 m C) 26.0 m, 26.0 m D) 4.0 m, 4.0 m Answer: B Var: 1 3) What must be your average speed in order to travel 350 km in 5.15 h? A) 66.0 km/h B) 67.0 km/h C) 68.0 km/h D) 69.0 km/h Answer: C Var: 1 4) A runner ran the marathon (approximately 42.0 km) in 2 hours and 57 min. What was the average speed of the runner in m/s? A) 14,200 m/s B) 124 m/s C) 3.95 m/s D) 14.2 m/s Answer: C Var: 1 5) A light-year is the distance that light travels in one year. The speed of light is 3.00 × 108 m/s. How many miles are there in one light-year? (1 mi = 1609 m, 1 y = 365 d) A) 9.46 × 1012 mi B) 9.46 × 1015 mi C) 5.88 × 1012 mi D) 5.88 × 1015 mi Answer: C Var: 1 17 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

6) If you are driving 72 km/h along a straight road and you look to the side for 4.0 s, how far do you travel during this inattentive period? A) 18 m B) 20 m C) 40 m D) 80 m Answer: D Var: 4 7) If you run a complete loop around an outdoor track of length 400 m in 100 s, find your (a) average velocity and (b) average speed. Answer: (a) 0 m/s (b) 4 m/s Var: 1 8) A polar bear starts at the North Pole. It travels 1.0 km south, then 1.0 km east, and then 1.0 km north to return to its starting point. This trip takes 45 min. What was the bear's average speed? A) 0.00 km/h B) 0.067 km/h C) 4.0 km/h D) 5.3 km/h Answer: C Var: 1 9) A polar bear starts at the North Pole. It travels 1.0 km south, then 1.0 km east, and then 1.0 km north to return to its starting point. This trip takes 45 min. What was the bear's average velocity? A) 0.00 km/h B) 0.067 km/h C) 4.0 km/h D) 5.3 km/h Answer: A Var: 1 10) You are driving home on a weekend from school at 55 mi/h for 110 miles. It then starts to snow and you slow to 35 mi/h. You arrive home after driving 4 hours and 15 minutes. How far is your hometown from school? A) 180 mi B) 190 mi C) 200 mi D) 210 mi Answer: B Var: 1

11) A motorist travels 160 km at 80 km/h and 160 km at 100 km/h. What is the average speed of the motorist for this trip? A) 84 km/h B) 89 km/h C) 90 km/h D) 91 km/h Answer: B Var: 1 12) A motorist travels for 3.0 h at 80 km/h and 2.0 h at 100 km/h. What is her average speed for the trip? A) 85 km/h B) 88 km/h C) 90 km/h D) 92 km/h Answer: B Var: 1 13) An airplane travels at 300 mi/h south for 2.00 h and then at 250 mi/h north for 750 miles. What is the average speed for the trip? A) 260 mi/h B) 270 mi/h C) 275 mi/h D) 280 mi/h Answer: B Var: 1 14) A race car circles 10 times around a circular 8.0-km track in 20 min. Using SI units (a) what is its average speed for the ten laps? (b) what is its average velocity for the ten laps? Answer: (a) 67 m/s (b) 0 m/s Var: 1 15) A bat, flying toward the east at 2.0 m/s, emits a shriek that is reflected back to it from a wall that is 20.0 m in front of the bat at the instant the shriek is emitted. Sound travels at 340 m/s in the air. How many milliseconds after emitting the shriek does the bat hear the reflected echo from the wall? Answer: 117 ms Var: 1

16) If, in the figure, you start from the Bakery, travel to the Cafe, and then to the Art Gallery in 2.00 hours, what is your (a) average speed? (b) average velocity?

Answer: (a) 5.25 km/h Var: 1

(b) 1.25 km/h south

17) A runner runs around a track consisting of two parallel lines 96 m long connected at the ends by two semicircles with a radius of 49 m. She completes one lap in 100 seconds. What is her average velocity? A) 2.5 m/s B) 5.0 m/s C) 10 m/s D) 0 m/s E) 1.3 m/s Answer: D Var: 1 18) A runner runs around a track consisting of two parallel lines 96 m long connected at the ends by two semicircles with a radius of 49 m. She completes one lap in 100 seconds. What is her average speed? A) 2.5 m/s B) 5.0 m/s C) 10 m/s D) 0 m/s E) 1.3 m/s Answer: B Var: 1 19) You leave on a trip in order to attend a meeting that will start after you begin your trip. Along the way you plan to stop for dinner. If the fastest you can safely drive is 65 mi/h, what is the longest time you can spend over dinner and still arrive just in time for the meeting? A) 2.4 h B) 2.6 h C) 1.9 h D) You can't stop at all. Answer: A Var: 50+

20) A motorist makes a trip of 180 miles. For the first 90 miles she drives at a constant speed of 30 mph. At what constant speed must she drive the remaining distance if her average speed for the total trip is to be 40 mph? A) 45 mph B) 50 mph C) 52.5 mph D) 55 mph E) 60 mph Answer: E Var: 1 21) Human reaction times are worsened by alcohol. How much further (in feet) would a drunk driver's car travel before he hits the brakes than a sober driver's car? Assume that both are initially traveling at 50.0 mi/h and their cars have the same acceleration while slowing down, and that the sober driver takes 0.33 s to hit the brakes in a crisis, while the drunk driver takes 1.0 s to do so. (5280 ft = 1 mi) Answer: 49 ft Var: 1 22) Arthur and Betty start walking toward each other when they are 100 m apart. Arthur has a speed of 3.0 m/s and Betty has a speed of 2.0 m/s. How long does it take for them to meet? Answer: 20 seconds Var: 1 23) The position x(t) of a particle as a function of time t is given by the equation x(t) = (3.5 m/s)t - (5.0 m/s2)t2. What is the average velocity of the particle between t = 0.30 s and t = 0.40 s? Answer: 0.00 m/s Var: 1 24) A water rocket can reach a speed of 75 m/s in 0.050 seconds from launch. What is its average acceleration? Answer: 1500 m/s2 Var: 1 25) An airplane increases its speed at the average rate of 15 m/s2. How much time does it take to increase its speed from 100 m/s to 160 m/s? A) 17 s B) 0.058 s C) 4.0 s D) 0.25 s Answer: C Var: 1

26) The captain orders his starship to accelerate from rest at a rate of "1 g" (1 g = 9.8 m/s2). How many days does it take the starship to reach 10% the speed of light? (Light travels at 3.0 × 108 m/s.) Answer: 35 days Var: 1 27) A car is traveling north at After 12 s its velocity is Find the magnitude and direction of the car's average acceleration. A) 0.30 m/s2, south B) 2.7 m/s2, south C) 0.30 m/s2, north D) 2.7 m/s2, north Answer: A Var: 50+

in the same direction.

28) A racquetball strikes a wall with a speed of 30 m/s and rebounds in the opposite direction with a speed of 26 m/s. The collision takes 20 ms. What is the average acceleration of the ball during the collision with the wall? A) 0 m/s2 B) 200 m/s2 C) 2800 m/s2 D) 1500 m/s2 E) 1300 m/s2 Answer: C Var: 1 29) The velocity v(t) of a particle as a function of time is given by v(t) = (2.3 m/s) + (4.1 m/s2)t (6.2 m/s3)t2. What is the average acceleration of the particle between t = 1.0 s and t = 2.0 s? A) -13 m/s2 B) -15 m/s2 C) 13 m/s2 D) 15 m/s2 E) 0 m/s2 Answer: B Var: 1 30) If a car accelerates at a uniform 4.0 m/s2, how long will it take to reach a speed of 80 km/hr, starting from rest? Answer: 5.6 s Var: 1

31) A car that is initially moving at 7.50 m/s begins to accelerate forward uniformly at 0.550 m/s2. (a) How long after beginning to accelerate does it take the car to move 3.50 km? (b) How fast is the car moving just as it has traveled 3.50 km? Answer: (a) 1.00 × 102 s (b) 62.5 m/s Var: 1 32) An auto accelerates forward from 7.0 m/s at a uniform 0.71 m/s2. It travels a distance of 1.033 km while accelerating. (a) How fast is the auto moving just as it is traveled the 1.033 km? (b) How many seconds did it take to travel the 1.033 km? Answer: (a) 39 m/s (b) 45 s Var: 1 33) In a ballistics test, a bullet moving horizontally with a speed of 500 m/s strikes a sandbag and penetrates a distance of 10.0 cm. (a) What is the magnitude of the average acceleration of the bullet in the sandbag? (b) How many milliseconds does it take the bullet to come to rest in the sandbag? Answer: (a) 1.25 × 106 m/s2 (b) 0.400 ms Var: 1 34) A certain test car can go from rest to 32.0 m/s in 3.88 s. The same car can come to a full stop from that speed in 4.14 s. What is the ratio of the magnitude of the starting acceleration to the stopping acceleration? A) 0.937 B) 1.07 C) 0.878 D) 1.14 Answer: B Var: 1 35) A car initially traveling at 60 km/h accelerates at a constant rate of 2.0 m/s2. How much time is required for the car to reach a speed of 90 km/h? A) 15 s B) 30 s C) 45 s D) 4.2 s Answer: D Var: 1

36) A cart starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 4.0 m/s2 for 5.0 s. It next maintains the velocity it has reached for 10 s. Then it slows down at a steady rate of 2.0 m/s2 for 4.0 s. What is the final speed of the car? A) 20 m/s B) 16 m/s C) 12 m/s D) 10 m/s Answer: C Var: 1 37) A car travels at 15 m/s for 10 s. It then speeds up with a constant acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 for 15 s. At the end of this time, what is its velocity? A) 15 m/s B) 30 m/s C) 45 m/s D) 375 m/s Answer: C Var: 1 38) A cart with an initial velocity of 5.0 m/s to the right experiences a constant acceleration of 2.0 m/s2 to the right. What is the cart's displacement during the first 6.0 s of this motion? A) 10 m B) 55 m C) 66 m D) 80 m Answer: C Var: 1 39) A jet plane is launched from a catapult on an aircraft carrier. In 2.0 s it reaches a speed of 42 m/s at the end of the catapult. Assuming the acceleration is constant, how far did it travel during those 2.0 s? A) 16 m B) 24 m C) 42 m D) 84 m Answer: C Var: 1

40) A car starting from rest accelerates at a constant 2.0 m/s2 for 10 s. It then travels with constant speed it has achieved for another 10 s. Then it finally slows to a stop with constant acceleration of magnitude 2.0 m/s2. How far does it travel after starting? A) 200 m B) 300 m C) 400 m D) 500 m Answer: C Var: 1 41) A car increases its forward velocity uniformly from 40 m/s to 80 m/s while traveling a distance of 200 m. What is its acceleration during this time? A) 8.0 m/s2 B) 9.6 m/s2 C) 12 m/s2 D) 24 m/s2 Answer: C Var: 1 42) An object starts from rest and undergoes uniform acceleration. During the first second it travels 5.0 m. How far will it travel during the third second? A) 5.0 m B) 15 m C) 25 m D) 45 m Answer: C Var: 2 43) An object is moving in a straight line with constant acceleration. Initially it is traveling at 16 m/s. Three seconds later it is traveling at 10 m/s. How far does it move during this time? A) 30 m B) 39 m C) 48 m D) 57 m Answer: B Var: 4 44) A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 3.0 m/s2 toward the north. A second car starts from rest 6.0 s later at the same point and accelerates uniformly at 5.0 m/s2 toward the north. How long after the second car starts does it overtake the first car? A) 12 s B) 19 s C) 21 s D) 24 s Answer: C Var: 1 25 Copyright © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.

45) A car with good tires on a dry road can decelerate (slow down) at a steady rate of about 5.0 m/s2 when braking. If a car is initially traveling at 55 mi/h (a) how much time does it take the car to stop? (b) what is its stopping distance? Answer: (a) 4.9 s (b) 60 m Var: 1 46) At the instant a traffic light turns green, a car that has been waiting at the intersection starts ahead with a constant acceleration of 2.00 m/s2. At that moment a truck traveling with a constant velocity of 15.0 m/s overtakes and passes the car. (a) Calculate the time necessary for the car to reach the truck. (b) Calculate the distance beyond the traffic light that the car will pass the truck. (c) Determine the speed of the car when it passes the truck. Answer: (a) 15.0 s (b) 225 m (c) 30.0 m/s Var: 1 47) Starting from rest, a dragster travels a straight 1/4 mi racetrack in 6.70 s with constant acceleration. What is its velocity when it crosses the finish line? A) 269 mi/h B) 188 mi/h C) 296 mi/h D) 135 mi/h Answer: A Var: 40 48) A bicyclist starts a timed race at In order to win, he must average Assuming constant acceleration from the start, how fast must he be traveling at the end of the race? A) 36 mi/h B) 30 mi/h C) 24 mi/h D) 42 mi/h Answer: A Var: 21 49) A car accelerates from while accelerating? A) 69 m B) 207 m C) 41 m D) 117 m Answer: A Var: 50+

at a constant rate of

How far does it travel

50) An airplane needs to reach a forward velocity of to take off. On a runway, what is the minimum uniform acceleration necessary for the plane to take flight if it starts from rest? A) 0.79 m/s2 B) 0.87 m/s2 C) 0.95 m/s2 D) 1.0 m/s2 Answer: A Var: 50+ 51) Assuming equal rates of uniform acceleration in both cases, how much further would you travel if braking from to rest than from ? A) 4 times farther B) 3.2 times farther C) 4.8 times farther D) 5.2 times farther Answer: A Var: 50+ 52) Acceleration is sometimes expressed in multiples of g, where is the acceleration of an object due to the earth's gravity. In a car crash, the car's forward velocity may go from to in How many g's are experienced, on average, by the driver? A) 20 g B) 14 g C) 24 g D) 26 g Answer: A Var: 11 53) A baseball is hit with a bat and, as a result, its direction is completely reversed and its speed is doubled. If the actual contact with the bat lasts 0.45 s, what is the ratio of the magnitude of the average acceleration of the ball to its original speed? A) 6.7 s-1 B) 4.4 s-1 C) 2.2 s-1 D) 0.15 s-1 Answer: A Var: 1