CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: Introduction
1
CHAPTER 2: Biological Foundations
29
CHAPTER 3: Cognitive Foundations
57
CHAPTER 4: Cultural Beliefs
85
CHAPTER 5: Gender
114
CHAPTER 6: The Self
142
CHAPTER 7: Family Relationships
170
CHAPTER 8: Friends and Peers
203
CHAPTER 9: Love and Sexuality
233
CHAPTER 10: School
263
CHAPTER 11: Work
293
CHAPTER 12: Media
323
CHAPTER 13: Problems and Resilience
353
Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
The Transition to Adulthood
The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional Overview Other Themes of the Book
Framework of the Book
Chapter 1 Introduction
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* # $ " " " * * !" " & " ! * * # " " $ ! !"# &* # "&) / # !" ) .*.*.2 ) 6 ) ! # " ) "# !% ) * ! ! * .*.*.3* * " & ! ( " " " & # * 2+.2* * .-+.5* * .1+/1* * .1+0-* # "&) . # !" ) .*.*.3 ) 6 ) ! # " ) "# !% ) * .1+/1* .*.*.4* ! .- & ! * " " " ! ( % # ! * * * & ! "* * & # ! * * # "* # "&) . # !" ) .*.*.3 ) ./+.0 ) ! # " ) !% ) * & ! "* .*.*.5* !" " " !" " ' ! " "% ! # " , * ! "! " " !* * # "! " "! &* * ! "! & " +" " ! !* * # "! " " "!* # "&) . # !" ) .*.*.5 ) .- ) ! # " ) "# !% ) * # "! " " "!* Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 6
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opyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
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opyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 9
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Chapter 2 Biological Foundations
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+'*')*' % ! % ! ! ' % ' ' % % ' ' " ! % ' ' % ' ! %& * ! & +'*')* & ,- & % & ! # & ' % ' +'*')+' $ % % ! ! % ' " ! ' ' ' ' % ! ' ' % " ! ' ! %& * ! & +'*')+ & ,- & " ! ! % & ! # & ' " ! ' +'*'),' # # % ! % ( ' ' " ' ! % ' % ! ! %& * ! & +'*'), & ,- & % & ! # & ' % ! +'*')-' # $ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ! %& * ! & +'*')- & ,. Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. ,)
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opyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 20
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opyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 32
( # % % ( ( # % % " ! ! & ! ( ( # % % ( ! %' + ! ' ,(+(++ ' -0 ' % # ! ! % ' ! # ' ( # % % ( ,(+(+,( # ! ( ( ( ! ! % ( ( % # ! %( ( & ! " ! %( ! %' + ! ' ,(+(+, ' -/ ' % # ! ! % ' ! # ' ( ( ,(+(+-( # ! # ! ) # ! ( ! % % ( ( ! % ( ( ! ++ +- % ( ( ! ++ % +- ( ! %' , ! ' ,(+(+- ' -0 ' % # ! ! % ' ! # ' ( ! ++ +- % ( ,(+(+.( # ! % %) ( $ # ! % ( ( % * % # ( ( % # ! ! %( ( $ % #( ! %' , ! ' ,(+(+. ' -0 ' % # ! ! % ' ! # ' ( % # ! ! %( Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. --
$ ! % & & ( ! $ % $ / ' &+. 9 ' %& "! . 8/8/=9 $ ! . ;60;7 "# . " ! $%"! %#"!% % &" ' $&+ . "! #&' !%) $. &' % ( % ")! & & "! & ) & # $ !&% & ! % &" %# + "$ " % !&% ) " &'$ $ +/ $ "'% *# ! & "!% ( ! #$"#"% - !& $ ! "%& + "! ") & " " + % ! %& & "" &) ! # $ !&% ! $ ! " % & ( & "! $ ! $ % *' &'$ &+- $ %' & ! ! "$ %& ! ! $ & "!%/ &' % ( "'! & & & % & % # ! + ! &)"0# $ !& & $ ! % ! "! %&' + " $ ! $ ! %/ %& ! ! % !"& " "! ! & !" % "$ ! ("$ "& $0 %/ 8/9/=:/ ' $ , & %&"$+ " $ ! && &' % &") $ ! $ ! !%&$' & "! $" & 7=& !&'$+ &" & #$ % !&/ ' &+. 9 ' %& "! . 8/9/=: $ ! . ;9 "# . ! $ % "" "# . &' !%) $. 1 ! & 7=& !&'$+- ! $ ! !%&$' & "! ) $ 5& ""5 &"# % ! %% $ / 1 !%&$' & "! ) % %%" & ) & % *' &+ ! & '% &"" "! & %& &'% " 5% $ &5 &"# ! "$ $ &" #$"& & & 5 !!" ! 5 " $ %/ 1 ! $ " '$$ & $ 2% ' $ &$ ! 3 ! "%& $ % *# $ ! ! $ ) & && "$ !" ! "$ & "!/ 1 ! & 86& !&'$+- ! $ "$ "# ! + % '%% ! %%" & ) & & ! + ! / 1 ! "$ & "! "'& !%&$' & "! ) % " '! & ( ! "$#"$ & "!%/ " + & % $ $ "$ $ % &" $ ! $ ) & "'& %" ) $ ! %% " & #$" %%/ 8/9/=;/ %& ! #$"( ! * # "$ & & $ & "$ % " !"&+# 0 !( $"! !& !& $ & "!/ ' &+. 9 ' %& "! . 8/9/=; $ ! . ;< "# . " " ( "# !& ! & !( $"! !&. "$+ " !"&+# 0 !( $"! !& !& $ & "!% . ## !%) $. 1 %% ( !"&+# 0 !( $"! !& !& $ & "!/ " * # . ! 4% " ! "& ( ! $ & $& %& & !&/ + %# ! "& " & $ ) ! - # !& ! - ! ( % & ! $ %/ # $ !&% ! ' ! ! & $ & ( & % ! ! "'$ % # $& # & "!/ 1 (" & ( !"&+# 0 !( $"! !& !& $ & "!/ " * # . $! % ! $ - "!& !&- ! / $ "& $ $ %#"! % &" $ ) & "&% " % %- ' %- ! % $ & ( & %/ 1 & ( !"&+# 0 !( $"! !& !& $ & "!/ " * # . $ & $- && % ! $ & $ ! "$ " " +/ $ "$ - % % &" " ! & ! &'$ %& ' & $ " " '! &+ !& $/
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Chapter 3 Cognitive Foundations
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opyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 58
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Chapter 4 Cultural Beliefs
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