Chapter 1: The Nature of Addiction Essay Questions 1. Make the case that Twelve Step approaches and harm reduction are not polar opposites or even mutually exclusive. PG 48 2. Discuss three major benefits of a harm reduction philosophy for society. PG 46 and throughout the chapter 3. Discuss in depth the methodology used in Project MATCH and the treatment implications of the findings. PG 35-36 4. Define interactionism and show how the addicted family member’s behavior affects the family system. PG 14 5. 7
Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by the casino worker who is a social work major. PG 6-
. Multiple Choice 1. According to Shavelson (2001), author of Hooked, which three words define harm reduction? A. any positive change B. recovery from pain C. a controlled life D. I’m in recovery ANS: B PG1 2. The DSM-5 has made the following change from the previous version of the DSM: A.The term dependence will now be used instead of addiction B. Abuse and dependence are now to be dichotomized C. Specific criteria for diagnosis will no longer be provided D. The term dependence will now be used only for physiological dependence ANS:D PG3 3. According to the DSM-5 what term or terms replace(s) the word dependence? A. a personal choice B.. a bad habit C. a brain disease D. addiction. ANS:D PG4
4. Which of the following are NOT typical symptoms defined by the DSM-5 to diagnose
substance use disorder: A. tolerance B.unsuccessful attempts to control or reduce consumption C. nervous facial tics D. withdrawal problems ANS:C PG4 5. In the boxed reading, “Social Work Major Working in a Casino,” the author describes A. her gambling addiction problems. B. examples of people winning lots of money. C. close surveillance of employees. D. advantages of playing black jack. ANS:C PG6-7 6. A behavior pattern of compulsive substance abuse is the definition of: A. contemporary perspective B. metacommunication C. incompatible with the biopsychosocial model D. the concept of addiction ANS:D PG9 7. According to the text, to understand the pain connected with addictive and compulsive behavior, one must: A. focus on harm reduction. B. understand the pleasure side of the activity. C. emphasize character weakness. D. attend an AA meeting. ANS:B PG10 8. According to the text, alcoholism is described in this book as an illness because: A. the concept recognizes alcoholism as both a medical and social problem B. the use of disease as a term is victim blaming C. to avoid the notion of alcoholism as a brain disease D. to increase the popularity of the book. ANS:A PG11
9.. As stated in the text, addiction is an illness of the: A. body only. B. mind only. C. soul only. D. body, mind, and soul ANS:D PG12 10.. The third leading cause of death after heart disease and cancer is
A. illicit drug use B. head injuries C. asthma D. alcohol misuse ANS:D PG17 11. According to the text, the following behaviors can become addictive except for: A. drug/alcohol use. B. eating. C. shopping. D. studying. ANS:D PG19
12. A concept that is stressed in the text for its explanatory value is A.. interactionism B.. dichotomization C. abuse versus misuse D. codependency ANS:A PG14 13. _______________ is the basic principle that cause and effect are intertwined. A. Interactionism B. Intolerance C. Pathology D. Medical model ANS:A PG14 14. Interactionism is seen most vividly, according to the text, in A. use of robots. B. family system dynamics. C. creating art. D. prayer. ANS:B PG15 15. According to the text, approximately____of mental health clients have problems stemming from their own or their family members’ addiction problems: A. 20% B. 50% C. 80% D 90% ANS:B PG15 16. Approximately______________of U.S. prison inmates meet the DSM criteria for substance misuse A. 100,000 B. 300,000 C. 700,000
D. 1.5 million ANS:D PG16 17. Which of the following treatment modalities was not highly rated in empirical research for effectiveness? A. self-control and social skills training B. use of educational tapes, lectures, and films C. motivational enhancement strategies D. cognitive therapy ANS:B PG39 18. According to the NIAAA (National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism), about how many previously diagnosable alcoholics matured out of their dependence? A. none B. only a fraction C. one third D. most ANS:C PG39 19. According to Hester and Miller’s empirical research, the highest treatment effectiveness scores were obtained for A. harsh confrontational techniques B. motivational enhancement. C psychoanalytical treatment D. treatment that focused on the underlying cause of the drinking or drug use. ANS:B PG39
20. The following are trends in substance abuse treatment today except for A. chain smoking regarded as an addiction B.human rights seen as a practical philosophy C.counseling of clients in moderate drinking D.public opinion favoring more imprisonment of drug users ANS:D PG42 21. The drug court movement promotes what action with individuals whose legal problems are related to their addiction? A. decarceration – treatment in the community B. incarceration – treatment in the prison system C. requirement to serve out the remainder of prison term, in case of relapse D. moving clients into “wet house”. ANS:A PG46
22.Human rights apartments for formerly homeless people in San Francisco A.are abstinence based.
B.reduce costs to the cities by $1,000 per month. C.actually increase the hospitalization rates of residents D.have been shown to be cost-ineffective. ANS:B PG46 23. Using a holistic basis for measurement, which of the following is considered a standard measurement for successful treatment outcomes? A. total abstinence as the only standard B. length of time of abstinence from all psychoactive substances C. improvement that might include moderate drug/alcohol use D. ability to secure stable housing ANS:C PG47 24 Restorative justice A.advocates adversarial criminal justice practices. B.is the guiding philosophy of PEASE academy C.is an opposing philosophy to harm reduction. D.uses a hierarchical structure for decision making. ANS:B PG47 25. Reentry programs focus primarily on A.persons released from prison B.aftercare following treatment C.persons returning to prison after relapse D.addicted people who have insurance. ANS:A PG48 . True or False 1. The DSM-5 uses the term addiction instead of dependence.
True PG4
2. The social worker working in the casino was able to successfully resolve her ethical conflict. False PG6-7. 3. This text examines diverse theoretical frameworks from a strengths perspective. True PG28 4. The text recommends total abstinence as the best criterion by which to measure treatment success. False PG47 5. Harm reduction is the approach known for its pragmatism.
True PG31
6. Project MATCH is criticized by researchers for its lack of a control group.
True PG36
7. Restorative justice has its roots in both ancient tribal and modern (Mennonite) practices. True PG46-47
Chapter 2: Historical Perspectives Essay Questions 1. How have various societies at various times tried to control the use of alcoholic beverages? What are the control policies today? PG74-75, 77 2. Describe the role that wine played in the lives of ancient Greeks, Romans and Hebrews.PG61 3.. Describe the connection between xenophobia and Prohibition. How did the Mafia enter the picture? Recount the reasons for the repeal of Prohibition. PG69,73 4. Discuss three major themes that emerge in a study of the history of substance use by the American and other populations. PG60 5.. Compare and contrast Prohibition and the war on drugs in today’s world. PG77-81
1.
Multiple Choice According to the book, all of the following are themes in the history of substance abuse and addiction except: A. cultural traditions breed different reactions to the same drug B.. America has had a love/hate relationship with alcohol C. Russia has done much to advance the course of addiction treatment D. increased drug potency tends to be associated with prohibition ANS:C PG60
2. This cultural/historical group encouraged complete abstinence from alcohol consumption: A. Greeks B. followers of Islam C. Romans D. Hebrews ANS:B PG62 3.
Which national or indigenous population introduced marijuana into the “New World”? A. the Spaniards B. the Caribbean Indians C. the Mayans D Indians ANS:A PG63
4.
Cocaine use as coca leaf chewing originated with: A. Ancient Greeks B. South American indigenous peoples* C. Ancient Romans D. Judaism ANS:B PG63
5.
The following is a legacy from the Puritans according to the text: A. religiosity by the state B. punitiveness C. total abstinence D.emphasis placed on leisure ANS:B PG65
6.
Early American colonists used alcohol for all except which of the following? A. protection against disease B. as a solvent C. as an antiseptic D. as a deodorant ANS:D PG66
7.
Technological advances often exceed a people’s ability to handle it. What was the turning point for alcohol? A. wineries B. the cotton gin C. distillation * D. electricity ANS:C PG66-67
8. In Colonial times the tavern was criticized because of which factor with which it was associated: A. male drunkenness * B. gambling by kids C. being the headquarters of the suffrage movement D. slave rebellion ANS:A PG66 9. In Colonial America strong drink was thought to: A. cause rickets B. induce pain C. cause seizures D. protect against disease ANS:D PG66 10. The behavior most clearly associated with the temperance movement was:
A. the enslavement of people B. vegetarianism C. moderation of drinking D. total abstinence from all alcoholic beverages ANS:C PG68 11. Historically, the Chinese have had the biggest problem with which addictive drug? A.Opium B.Cocaine C.Marijuana D.Ecstasy ANS:A PG68
12. The lesson that we can learn from Shane Butler’s insightful analysis of treatment in Ireland is the need for: A. compatibility between societies’ belief systems and publicly instituted policy B. abstinence as a focus of treatment C. a return to Catholic principles D. reunification of north and south in Ireland ANS:A PG72 13.
The American experiment with “prohibition - the noble experiment”: A. caused corruption of police and politicians. B.. was successful in reducing heavy alcohol consumption. C.. reduced the crime rate. D. was not supported by female suffragists.. ANS:A PG73
14. Philadelphia physician Benjamin Rush is known for recommending: A. pre-temperance ideology. B. the 12 Step program. C. medical treatment for chronic “inebriates.” D. providing combat soldiers with liquor to prevent trauma. ANS:C PG83 15. Breweries popped up in the Midwest related to the arrival of____________ A. the Irish. B. the depression. C. the Germans. * D. the colonists ANS:C PG73. 16.
The __________ political family made their money through selling illicit alcohol
directly to people at the highest levels of organized crime? A. Johnson B. Kennedy C. Lincoln D. Bush ANS:B PG73 17. Which national group is singled out in the text for their healthy enjoyment of good wine? A. Norwegians B. Irish C. Russians D. Italians ANS:D PG75 18. Which country is considered the world’s leading producer of cocaine? A. Mexico B. Canada C. Columbia * D. Cuba ANS:C PG79 19.
About 90% of the world’s heroin comes from? A. Colombia B. Mexico C. Sweden D. Afghanistan * ANS:D PG80
20. The following concepts or notions were derived from Bill W. except for: A. powerlessness B. carrying the message to other persons C. seeking divine guidance D. empowerment ANS:D PG84 21. Jellinek’s major contribution was A. in his work with war trauma B. to identify multiple alcoholisms C. display his knowledge of the Greek alphabet D. to introduce the harm reduction model. ANS:B PG88
22. Box 2.1 describes a treatment center in Norway that a. is based on a 12 Step approach.
b. operates within a system that lacks nationalized health care. c. utilizes medical management such as Naltrexone in treatment d. uses a harm reduction approach ANS:A PG94 23. The harm reduction model was practiced in Europe in modern times chiefly in connection with A. the spread of methamphetamines. B. the spread of knowledge concerning U.S. practices C. fear of the spread of HIV/AIDS D. academic influences ANS:C PG96 True or False 25. The Jellinek curve depicts only the Gamma variety of alcoholism.
False PG88
24. . Alcohol is mentioned 3 times in the 12 Steps. False PG96
Chapter 3: The Biology of Addiction Essay Questions 1. Discuss male/female differences in terms of the metabolization of alcohol and B.A.C. levels. PG14 2. Discuss the phenomenon of the blackout and the legal implications. PG119-120
3. Define and differentiate among tolerance, tolerance reversal and cross tolerance. PG117-118 4. Discuss Cloninger’s adoption studies and the characteristics of Type 1 and Type 2 alcoholics. PG162 5. Using scientific research findings, argue for a hereditary component in addiction. PG162-164 Multiple Choice 1.
Which one of these is not a depressant? A. nicotine B. alcohol C. morphine D. OxyContin ANS:A PG110
2.
Heroin is a semi-synthetic derivative of A. OxyContin B. opium * C. cocaine D. nicotine ANS:B PG110
3.
The lachrymose drunk, according to Father Martin, is the __________ drunk. A. laughing B. singing C. fighting D. crying ANS:D PG111
4. The highest level of alcohol use is found among: A. 19 year olds B. 21 year olds * C. 40 year olds D. 65 year olds ANS:B PG112 5.
Abuse of which of these substances is the leading risk factor for death among youths? A. nicotine B. alcohol * C. cocaine D. meth ANS:B PG112
6. What percentage of patients treated at mental health centers have problems with alcohol a. and other drugs? b. A. 10 percent c. B. 20 percent d. C. 60 percent * e. D. 90 percent ANS:C PG113 7.
Which countries of the following have the highest total per capita consumption in liters of pure alcohol? A. China and Japan B. the United States C. Germany and Austria D. Moldova and the Czech Republic ANS:D PG113
8,
According to research, the only drug that causes addiction in the majority of users is A. heroin B. alcohol C. nicotine * D. cocaine ANS:C PG117
9.
The phenomenon associated with aging in which the drinker loses his/her ability to handle alcohol is A. tolerance B. tolerance reversal C. withdrawal D. cross-tolerance ANS:B PG118
10.
Advice to prevent a hangover is to do all the following except: A. avoid darker drinks B. drink lots of liquids such as water C. reduce the quantity of alcohol D. don’t eat and drink at the same time ANS:D PG119
11.
The movie The Lost Weekend and Mark Twain’s Tom Sawyer were presented in the text to illustrate the phenomenon of A. the blackout B. hangovers C. binge drinking D. anhedonia ANS:A PG121
12.
When a tolerance that develops for one drug generalizes to another drug in the same pharmaceutical class, this is called A. tolerance B. tolerance reversal C. behavioral tolerance D. cross-tolerance ANS:D PG132
13.
Which of these is not an opiate? A. heroin B. morphine C. Valium D. Demerol ANS:C PG121
14. ___________ is used to block withdrawal symptoms and reduce cravings and is distributed in clinics/hospitals in the US and Britain. A. heroin B. OxyContin C. methadone D. morphine ANS:C PG125 15.
Results from one NIAAA study found all except _______ to be effective in treatment for alcohol dependence. A. naltrexone B. behavioral counseling C medication management in cases of co-occurring disorders D. OxyContin ANS:D PG125
16.
All of the following are prescription drugs strongly associated with Emergency Room visits except for: A. Vicodin B. Melatonin C. Oxyconntin D. Methadone ANS:B PG126
17.
Smoking is directly responsible for approximately what percentage of lung cancer death according the American Lung Association (2006)? A. 50% B. 75% C. 85%
D. 90% ANS:D
PG131
17. The inability to feel pleasure is known as A. ephedrine B. anhedonia C. “chasing the dragon” D. “speedballing” ANS:B PG131
18. A drug used experimentally to treat trauma victims is A. PCP B. nicotine C. Ecstasy D. marijuana ANS:C PG139 19. This drug activates the very receptors in the brain involved in the increase of appetite: A. PCP B. nicotine C. Ecstasy D. marijuana ANS:D PG143 20. Of the following prescribed drugs, the one least likely to be associated with getting high is A. Antabuse B, Prozac C. Methadone D. Luvox ANS:A PG146 21. Ondansetron has been used effectively in treating A. alcoholism. B hyperactivity disorder. C sleep apnea. D.sleep disorders. ANS:A PG157 22. Aversion treatment derives from the ______________ school. A. Classical conditioning/behaviorism B. Carl Rogers C. cognitive D. psychodynamic ANS:A PG176
23. Which class of medications are widely prescribed today to combat depression? A. antibiotics B. SSRI’s C. “truth serums” D. Ritalin. ANS:B PG179 24. Naltrexone works by A. blocking brain activity that produces a high B. conditioning C. producing a synthetic high D. causing nausea ANS:A PG180 True/False 25. Confabulation is associated with Korsakoff’s psychosis. True
PG168
Chapter 4 – Gender and Sexual Orientation Differences Essay Questions 1. Justify placing women in a special treatment discussion group restricted to women. Page 229-234. 2. What are the physiological gender differences with regard to alcoholism? Page 227229. 3.
How are women as a group oppressed in the dominant culture of the United States? Page 215.
4.
Why has the female prison population in the United States nearly doubled in the last 10 years? Page 220.
5. Briefly explain three “do’s” when working with transgender individuals. Page 24.
Multiple Choice. 1. The story of Monique and Becky is an example of a. the protective power of gender b. the protective power of race and class c. how to maintain a harmless habit of cocaine d. harm reduction e. Answer: b, p. 211 2. According to the Global Status Report on Alcohol, the male/female ratio of heavy episodic drinking, which country as having the largest gap between males and females? a. Canada b. Germany c. Italy d. Mexico e. Answer: d, p. 211 3. Compulsive gambling surveys consistently report that ______ are the group most likely to experience pathological gambling problems. a. men b. women c. homosexuals d. heterosexuals e. Answer: a, p. 213. 4. Problem gambling helplines are now reporting that a. the percentage of women calling helplines is decreasing. b. men are more likely than women to be pathological gamblers. c. women with gambling problems tend to be early onset. d. the percentage of women seeking help with gambling problems has been increasing. e. Answer: d, p. 213 5. In the recent past, women who were identified as alcoholics, drug addicts, or compulsive gamblers were considered a. not especially deviant b. promiscuous c. mentally ill d. repressed e. Answer: b, p. 214. 6. Which of the following is a not a reason why women are less likely than men to enter treatment? a. lack of family support b. obligation of child-rearing c. lack of gender specific treatment programs d. partner support e. Answer: d, p. 216
c. psychological, physical, and emotional d. none of the above e. Answer: a, p. 567 10. Which of the following requires a spiritual orientation? a. Women for Sobriety b. Alcoholics Anonymous c. SMART Recovery d. Moderation Management e. Answer: b, p. 560 11. Women make up approximately ___% of AA membership (as of 2007). a. 15 b. 33 c. 55 d. 75 e. Answer: b, p. 562 12. In AA, newcomers may spend entire days in meeting after meeting; it is routinely suggested that they attend ______ meetings in 90 days. a. 30 b. 45 c. 60 d. 90 e. Answer: d, p. 562 13. According to the most recent AA member random survey (AA, 2004) of 7,500 AA members in the US and Canada, the average AA member is: a. female b. white c. age 21-30 d. received no professional treatment before AA attendance e. Answer: b, p. 562 14. Which of the following is a type of group not found in specialized AA meetings? a. veterans b. elders c. Native Americans d. persons with problem gambling as well as alcoholism e. Answer: d, p. 574 15. Gamblers Anonymous is a. unwelcoming of women b. becoming more friendly to women c. only open to males d. only holds women-only meetings for women e. Answer: b, p. 573
16. SMART recovery is drawn from the principles of a. harm reduction. b. cognitive-behavioral therapy. c. psychodynamic therapy. d. transactional analysis. e. Answer: b, p. 579 17. According to the views of moderation management (MM), drinking problems are viewed as: a. disease b. bad habits c. mental illness d. moral impurities e. Answer: b, p. 580 18. Which characteristic does not describe the characteristics of moderation management members a. women b. middle-class c. poorly educated d. don’t have severe drinking problems e. Answer: c, p. 581 True or False 1. Moderation Management is not intended for people who experience significant withdrawal symptoms when they stop drinking. True, p. 580 2. Alcoholics Anonymous requires people to believe in a Christian God. False, p. 570 3. 12 Step groups and 12-Step facilitation are one and the same. False, p. 557 4. The practice of AA members introducing themselves by their first names and then saying, “and I’m an alcoholic,” is a counter-therapeutic reinforcement of a negative label, according to the text. False, p. 571. 5. There is evidence to indicate that AA is a very useful approach for alcoholics trying to stop drinking. True, p. 563.
Chapter 12: Racial, Ethnic, Culture, and Class Issues Essay Questions 1. Explain the Recovery Management model and why it is important in addressing issues that arise because race, ethnicity, culture, and class. (p. 590)
2. Discuss why it is that although race is not a biological category, it continues to be widely used. (p. 591-592) 3. Explain how social class affects the so-called attributes of ethnicity or culture. (p. 593) 4. What does the story of Becky and Monique tell us about the path to addiction, the agent of addiction (drug used) and recovery options? (p. 590) 5. Compare variations (for example immigration history) within various Asian American groups relevant to substance misuse. (p. 598-600) Multiple Choice 1. Which group has the highest poverty rate for families? a. Alaskan Natives b. Asian Americans c. African Americans d. Native Americans e. Answer: d, p. 621 2. Even though Asian Americans in general have a higher educational status and higher income status than other minorities, it is misleading to describe them as a “model minority” because a. they have a higher rate of alcoholism and drug addiction b. their low treatment rate may be the result of the lack of culturally relevant services c. their addiction rates have consistently been over-reported in the prevalence studies d. they uniformly lack the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase e. Answer: c, p. 598 3. Among current Native American adults who drink alcohol, the prevalence rate a. varies a great deal b. is the same as the general population c. is lower than the general population
d. has never been measured e. Answer: a, p.602 4. Which one of the following is not an important social factor in the biopsychosocial model that impacts the course of a person’s addiction problems and recovery? a. race b. intelligence c. class d. ethnicity e. Answer: b, p. 589 5.Which factor is not considered a hallmark of effective treatment with Asians with substance abuse problems? a. screening with culturally sensitive instruments at community events b. culturally competent staff who speak the language of the client c. use of Narrative therapy as an intervention d. use of Motivational interviewing an an intervention e. Answer: c, p. 600 6. Protective factors among young, low-income, Mexican American women include a. the breakdown of the family of origin and extended kinship networks b. the survival of poverty c. an attitude of fatalism d. the responsibility of providing family connection and care of the children e. Answer: d, p. 615 7. Which factor does not cause variation in drinking and drug use rates among Native Americans and Alaska Natives vary by: a. tribe b. rural c. urban d. intelligence e. Aswer: d, p. 603 8. People who identified themselves as “Asian Indian” include all groups except: a. Filipinos b. Vietnamese c. Hmong d. Samoans e. Answer: d, p. 597 9. Which factor does not account for the low rate of alcohol/drug misuse for the Asian/Pacific Islander group? a. national database surveys have ignored this group and consistently put Asian/Pacific Islanders in the category of “Other” b. the lack of culturally relevant services which reduces the treatment rate c. methodological weaknesses in the research that has resulted in an underestimation of the levels of substance misuse and dependency