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Computing Essentials 2023 29 Edition by Timothy O'Leary and Linda O'Leary and Daniel O'Leary Chapter 1-13

Chapter 1 Information Technology, the Internet, and You Lecture Guide 

Learning Objectives o Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet. o Distinguish between system software and application software. o Differentiate between the three kinds of system software programs. o Define and compare general purpose, and specialized, and mobile applications. o Identify the four types of computers and the five types of personal computers. o Describe the different types of computer hardware, including the system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices. o Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files. o Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, the Internet, cloud computing and loT.

Chapter Outline 

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Information Systems o Parts to an information system:  People – end users  Procedures – rules or guidelines to follow when using software, hardware, and data  Software – programs that consists of step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work  Hardware – the equipment that processes data to create information  Data – raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images and sounds  Internet - Almost all information systems provide a way to connect to other people and computers expanding the capability and usefulness of information systems. People o Most important part of any information system o Our lives are touched every day by computers and information systems. o A variety of features throughout the book help you to become a more efficient and effective end user  Making IT Work for You  Practical IT applications  Tips 1-1

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Numerous tips to make your computing safer, more efficient, and more effective Privacy  Important information on protecting the privacy of your personal information Environment  Important relevant environmental information Ethics  Numerous different ethical/unethical situations for your consideration Careers in IT  Specific careers in information technology providing job descriptions, projected employment demands, educational requirements, current salary ranges and advancement opportunities.

Procedures o Computer users are required to follow rules or guidelines in order to effectively use software, hardware, and data. o Procedures are typically documented in manuals written by computer specialists. o Software and hardware manufacturers provide manuals with their products and are provided either printed or in electronic form. Software o Programs – the instructions that tell computers how to process data o Two major types of software:  System Software is software the computer uses  Enables application software to interact with computer hardware  System software is ―background‖ software that helps the computer to manage its own internal resources.  A collection of programs o Operating system – coordinate computer resources, provide a user interface, and run applications; Windows 10 and Mac OS are stand-alone operating systems.  Tablets, Smartphones, and other mobile devices use embedded operating systems known as RTOS (real-time operating systems).  Networks use network operating systems (NOS). o Utilities – perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources. One of the most essential utility programs that every computer system should have is an antivirus program.  Application Software is software for end users.  Three types – general-purpose, specialized, and apps o General-purpose applications are widely used in nearly all careers. Examples include word processor, 1-2

spreadsheet, database management system, and presentation applications. o Specialized applications are narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Examples include graphics and web authoring programs. o Mobile apps, also known as mobile applications, or simply apps, are small programs designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. The most popular mobile apps are for social networking, playing games, and downloading music and videos. 

Hardware o Four types of computers  Supercomputers  Most powerful type of computer  Special high-capacity computers  Fastest processing massive amounts of data  Used by large organizations  Used to analyze and predict worldwide weather patterns  IBMs Blue Gene  Mainframe  Capable of great processing speeds and large amounts of data storage, though not as powerful as supercomputers  Used by large corporations  Midrange  Also referred to as servers  Less powerful than a mainframe computer but more powerful than a personal computer  Support or serve end users for specific needs such as retrieving data from a database or supplying access to application software  Personal, also known as PCs  Least powerful  Most widely used  Fastest growing segment  Five types of personal computers include: o Desktops  Fits on top of a desk  Too big to carry around o Laptops, also known as notebook computers  Portable and lightweight  Fit in most briefcases o Tablets, also known as tablet computers  Smaller, lighter, and generally less powerful than laptops  Typically use a virtual keyboard that appears on screen and is touch sensitive o Smartphones 1-3

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The most widely used personal computer Cell phones with wireless connections to the Internet and processing capabilities o Wearables  Mobile computer  Like Apple‘s watch o Cell Phones  Another type of computer  Many of the same components as desktops, laptops, and tablets  Capable of connecting to the Internet and running apps o Personal Computer Hardware  System unit – houses electronic components that make up a computer system  Two important components are the microprocessor and memory. o The microprocessor controls and manipulates data to produce information. o Memory is a holding area for data, instructions, and information.  One type, random-access memory (RAM), holds the program and data that is currently being processed; known also as temporary storage.  Temporary storage contents will typically be lost if the electric power to the computer is disrupted.  Input/output devices translate data and programs that humans can understand into a form that the computer can process.  Input devices o Common input devices–keyboard and mouse  Output devices translate the processed information form the computer into a form that humans can understand. o Most common output device is the display, also known as a monitor.  Secondary storage holds data and programs even after electrical power to a computer system is off.  The most common secondary media are hard disks, solid-state storage, and optical disks.  Hard disks-typically store programs and very large data files on rigid metallic platters.  Solid-state-no moving parts, reliable, requires less power  Optical, use laser technology to store data and programs o Three types of optical discs include compact discs (CDs), digital versatile (or video) discs (DVDs), and Blue-ray discs (BD).  Communication/Communication devices communicate with other computer systems using the Internet. 1-4 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

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Modem is a widely used communication device that modifies audio, video, and other types of data so it can be transmitted over the Internet.

Data o o o o o

Raw unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images, and sounds Processed data becomes information. Stored electronically in files Can be used as input for system unit Four common types of files include:  Document files – created by word processors that include memos, term papers, and letters  Worksheet files – created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and predict sales  Database files – created by database management programs to contain highly structured and organized data  Presentation files - created by presentation software that may contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides Connectivity and the Mobile Internet o Connectivity is the capability of a personal computer to share information with other computers. o Central to the concept of connectivity is the network, a communications system connecting two or more computers o The Internet is the largest computer network in the world. o The web provides a multimedia interface to the resources available on the Internet. o The Internet has driven the evolution of computers and their impact on our daily lives. o Three things driving the impact of technology on peoples‘ lives, in addition to the Internet, include cloud computing, wireless communication, and the Internet of Things (IoT).  Cloud computing uses the Internet and the web to shift computer activities from a user‘s computer to computers on the Internet.  Users use the Internet to connect to the cloud and access more powerful computers, software, and storage.  Wireless communication has changed the way we communicate.  Experts predict that wireless applications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution which will dramatically affect communication and computer technology use.  The Internet of things (IoT) is the continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet.  It promises to connect all types of devices, from computers to cell phones to watches to any number of everyday devices. o Wireless communication, cloud computing, and IoT are driving the mobile Internet. Careers in IT o There are different types of IT careers highlighted in each chapter. 1-5

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 Web Developer  Software engineer  Computer support specialist  Computer technician  Technical writer  Network administrator A Look to the Future o Using and Understanding Information Technology  The purpose of this book is to help you use and understand information technology.  The Internet and the Web are considered the two most important technologies of the 21st Century.  Powerful Software is available to do an extraordinary number of tasks and help individuals in an endless number of ways.  Powerful Hardware includes personal computers that are more powerful than ever. o Cell phones, tablets, and communication technologies such as wireless networks are dramatically changing the ways to connect to other computers, networks and the Internet.  Privacy, Security, and Ethics are necessary as technology can impact our personal privacy and our environment. o Awareness of how technology can affect our personal privacy and our environment is essential.  Organizations rely on the quality and flexibility of their information systems to stay competitive.  Changing Times indicate that we live in a fast-paced age; look at the Evolution of the Computer Age section which tracks the major developments since computers were first introduced.

Teaching Tips/Suggestions 

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Information Systems o The purpose is to help students become highly efficient and effective computer users. This first chapter is an overview of an information system. Users need to recognize and understand:  Personal computers are common tools in all areas of life.  The wireless revolution is going to happen.  The role of information technology in personal and professional lives People o Provide examples of how people are the most important part of the information system as people encounter computers almost every day in some way. o Ask the students to talk about the computers they use daily - both directly and indirectly. For example, computers are in microwaves, traffic lights, cars, etc. Which are direct uses, and which are considered indirect? o As end users – there are different features to promote becoming efficient and effective computer users. Explain how the following textbook features can and will help students to better understand computers:  Making IT Work for You  Tips  Privacy  Environment  Ethics  Careers in IT Software o Emphasize that there are two types of software –  System software is not a single program rather it is a collection of programs.  System software is the collection of ―background‖ software that helps the computer manage its own resources.  Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources.  Application Software might be described as end user software. There are three types of application software – general purpose, specialized and apps. o Engage the students in a discussion by asking them to name different types of System Software and Application Software. Further the discussion by asking students to differentiate between the three types of Application software how they use computers, which will help emphasize the importance of application software as well as mobile apps on cell phones. Hardware o Emphasize the basic categories of computer hardware. Give examples of each. o Mention that the categories are determined by their storage capacity and processing speeds. Mention examples of uses of computers in each category. o Emphasize that personal computers are the least powerful, yet the most widely used. Ask students for reasons. o Review the five types of personal computers. 1-7

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o Review the four basic categories of personal computer hardware: system unit, input/output, secondary storage, and communication. Data o Data is raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images and sounds. o Data is stored electronically in files. o See Figure 1-16 for the four most common types of files: presentation, database, worksheet, and document. Connectivity and the Mobile Internet o A dynamic shift in connecting has been the widespread use of mobile or wireless communication devices and cloud computing. See Figure 1-17 for illustrations of the devices. o Discuss what cloud computing is and how it is used. o Ask the students to define and discuss the Internet of Things (IoT) and the continuing development allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet. Careers in IT o Figure 1-18 is a good reference for the different types of careers in IT. Each provides specific job descriptions, salary ranges, and advancement opportunities. What computer related jobs do students think about when computer careers are mentioned? The list in Figure 1-18 helps to bring a broader awareness of what exists and what may interest them. A Look to The Future o Review and discuss with students the six important information technology developments:  The Internet and the Web  Powerful Software  Powerful Hardware  Privacy, Security, and Ethics  Organizations  Changing Times

Key Terms Key Term application software apps Blu-ray disc (BD) cloud computing communication device compact disc (CD) connectivity data database file desktop computer digital versatile disc (DVD)

digital video disc (DVD)

display document file embedded operating systems (RTOS) end user general-purpose application hard disk hardware information information system information technology (IT) input device Internet IoT (Internet of Things)

keyboard laptop computer

Definition End user software Small programs designed for mobile devices Optical disc using laser technology to store data and programs Uses the Internet and the web to shift many computer activities from a user‘s computer to computers on the Internet Computer equipment that allows a computer to connect to other computer systems to share data and information Optical disc that stores data and programs Provides the capability for computers to connect and share information with other computers Unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images, and sound Typically created by database management programs to contain highly structured and organized data Use standalone operating systems like Windows 10 or macOS Optical device that provides great storage capacity and can be used to store many different types of data (See also digital video disc) Optical device that provides great storage capacity and can be used to store many different types of data (See also digital versatile disc.) A monitor used to display information Created by word processors Embedded operating system known as real-time operating system used in cell phones, tablets and other mobile devices People, the most important part of an information system (See also people) Application software that is used in nearly all careers Secondary storage device that uses magnetized charges to store information and programs Physical equipment, controlled by software and processes data to create information Processed facts How the critical parts of technology interact Relates to computer software and hardware, and data Include keyboard and mouse and are translators between humans and computers The largest computer network in the world The continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet Input device that allows the user to input character data into the computer Also known as a notebook computer, is lightweight and 1-9

Key Term

Definition

portable mainframe computer Computer that is capable of great processing speeds and data storage memory Holds data and program instructions currently being processed (See also random-access memory) microprocessor An important component of a computer system, controls and manipulates data to produce information midrange computer Most widely used to support end users for specific needs such as retrieving data from a database or supplying access to application software mobile app (application) Known as apps and are small programs primarily designed for mobile devices such as cell phones and tablet computers modem Modifies audio, video, and other types of data into a form that can be transmitted across the Internet monitor Most common output device that displays the output mouse Input device that allows the user to point and click on items network A communications system connecting two or more computers network operating system Used by a network to coordinate network resources notebook computer Microcomputer, also known as a laptop, that is portable, lightweight, and fits into most briefcases operating system Coordinates computer resources, provides an interface, and runs applications optical disc Secondary storage device that uses laser technology and is used to hold data and programs output device Translator between humans and computers, most common output device is the computer monitor PC Personal Computer people The most important part of an information system (See also end user) personal computer PC presentation file Created by presentation graphics programs to save presentation materials procedures Rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data program Step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work (See Software) random-access memory (RAM) Holds data and program instructions that is currently being processed (See also memory) real-time operating system Embedded operating systems used in mobile devices (See embedded operating system) secondary storage Holds data and programs even after electrical power to the computer system has been turned off server Most widely used to support end users for specific needs such as retrieving data from a database or supplying access to application software (See midrange computer) smartphone Most widely used handheld computer. Smartphones are cell 1-10 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

Key Term

software solid-state storage specialized application

stand-alone operating system supercomputer system software

system unit tablet

tablet computer

utility virus wearable web wireless communication wireless revolution worksheet file

Definition phones with wireless connections to the Internet with processing capabilities. Step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work (See also program) Secondary storage device that has no moving parts Computer programs that are narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations (See also special-purpose application) Used in desktop computers and include Windows 10 and Mac OS Most powerful type of computer that is a special highcapacity computer used by very large organizations Enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware and helps the computer manage its own internal resources Contains electronic circuitry, including microprocessors and memory Also known as a tablet computer, is smaller and lighter and generally less powerful than a laptop, usually has a flat screen and a virtual keyboard Also known as a tablet, is smaller and lighter and generally less powerful than a laptop, usually has a flat screen and a virtual keyboard A part of the system software that performs specific tasks related to managing computer resources Malicious program that can damage software, hardware, and compromise the security and privacy of your personal data Mobile computer that can be worn Provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet Communication between wireless communication devices such as cell phones and tablets A revolution that is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology Created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales

Answers to End-of-Chapter Materials Chapter 1 Num

Multiple Choice Answers

Matching Answers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

A C A A B D D B A C

G D F J H B A E C I

Open Ended Questions: 1. Explain the parts of an information system. What part do people play in this system? 

People- Personal computers make people, or end users, more productive.

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Procedures- Rules or guidelines for people to follow when using software, hardware, and data

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Software- A program consisting of the step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to do its work. The purpose of software is to convert data (unprocessed facts) into information (processed facts).

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Hardware- Equipment that processes the data to create information

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Data- Raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds

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Connectivity- typically uses the Internet and allows users to greatly expand the capability and usefulness of their information systems

People are the most important part of any information system. Lives are touched every day by computers and information systems, directly or indirectly. 2. What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in system software? 

System software enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware. System software is ―background‖ software that helps the computer manage its own internal resources. It is not a single program; it is a collection of programs that include:

o Operating systems that coordinate computer resources and provide an interface between users and the computer o Utilities which perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources 3. Define and compare general purpose applications, specialized applications, and apps. Describe some different types of general-purpose applications. Describe some types of specialized applications. 

General purpose applications are widely used in nearly all career areas. They are the kinds of programs you must know to be considered an efficient and effective end user.  Examples of general-purpose applications include word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation software.

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Specialized applications include thousands of other programs that are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations.  Two examples are graphics, and web authoring programs.

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Mobile apps, also known as mobile applications or simply apps are small programs primarily designed for mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets.  The most popular apps are for social networking, playing games, and downloading music and videos.

4. Describe the different types of computers. What is the most common type? What are the types of personal computers? 

There are four types of computers- supercomputers, mainframe computers, midrange computers, and personal computers.

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Personal computers are the most widely used and fastest-growing computer type.

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There are five types of personal computers- desktop, laptop, tablet, smartphone and wearables.

5. What is connectivity? What is a computer network? What are the Internet and the web? What are cloud computing, the wireless revolution, and IoT? 

Connectivity is the capability of a computer to share information with other computers.

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Wireless communication has changed the way we communicate with one another. These wireless applications are just the beginning of the wireless revolution, a revolution that is expected to dramatically affect the way we communicate and use computer technology.

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A computer network is a communications system connecting two or more computers.

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The largest network in the world is the Internet. It is like a giant highway that connects you to millions of other people and organizations located throughout the world. The web, also 1-13 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

known as the World Wide Web or WWW, provides a multimedia interface to the numerous resources available on the Internet. 

Cloud computing is the ability to store and access programs, files, and other activities via the web and Internet, rather than relying solely on a user‘s computer.

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The IoT (Internet of Things) is the continuing development of the Internet allowing everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet.

Chapter 2 The Internet, the Web, and Electronic Commerce Lecture Guide 

Learning Objectives o Explain the origins of the Internet and the web. o Explain how to access the web using providers and browsers. o Compare different web utilities including filters, file transfer utilities, and Internet security suites. o Compare different Internet communications, including social networking, blogs, microblogs, podcasts, wikis, text messaging, instant messaging, and e-mail. o Describe search tools, including search engines. o Describe how to evaluate the accuracy of information presented on the web. o Identify electronic commerce including B2C, C2C, B2B, and security issues. o Describe cloud computing, including the three-way interaction of clients, Internet, and service providers. o Discuss the Internet of Things (IoT) and the continuing development of the Internet to allow everyday objects to send and receive data.

Chapter Outline 

The Internet and the Web o Internet  ARPANET – Advanced Research Project Agency Network  Launched in 1969  Network infrastructure – connects computers around the world o World Wide Web or WWW  Introduced in 1991  Prior to the web the Internet was all text based with no graphics.  Web made it possible to include multimedia resources. o Web 1.0 – defined by the use of search engines that connect everyone to web pages of interest o Web 2.0 – defined by the use of social media that connect friends and family to social media posts  Nontechnical people could be seen and heard on the web.  Example: Facebook o Web 3.0 – defined by the innovation of the semantic web  Identifies relationships between data  Example: Amazon's Alexa and Google Assistant o Web 4.0 – Defined by the use of mobile tools that provide new sources of information for programs to provide users with information  Called the mobile web  programs draw relationships among data  Example: Apple‘s Siri can use your current location, the location of your next calendar event, and local traffic reports on the Internet to alert you to leave early o Beyond 4.0 – Futurists suggest that Web 5.0, called the emotional web, will focus on anticipating our needs based on mood and behaviors 1-15 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

o Internet and the Web  Are not the same thing  Internet - physical network, made up of wires, cables, satellites, and rules for exchanging information between computers connected to the network  Web – multimedia interface to the resources available on the Internet

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o Uses of the Internet and the web  Communicating - the most popular Internet activity  Exchanging texts, e-mails, photos and videos from almost anywhere in the world  Shopping - one of the fastest growing Internet applications  Searching - finding information has never been so convenient  Education (e-learning) - you can take classes online in almost any subject  Online entertainment - endless opportunities to find news, music, movies, and play video games with friends around the world Internet Access o Once on the Internet the computer becomes an extension of what appears to be a giant computer that branches all over the world. o Providers  Most common way is through an Internet Service Provider (ISP).  Providers are already connected to the Internet and provide a path or connection for individuals to access the Internet.  Commercial Internet providers  Provide access through telephone lines, cable, and/or wireless connections. o Some of the best-known providers in the US include AT&T, Comcast, Spring, T-Mobile, and Verizon. o Browsers  Common to access the Internet from a variety of devices like cell phones, tablets, and laptops. These devices use programs, called browsers, that provide access to web resources.  Connect you to remote computers o Opens and transfers files o Displays text, images, and multimedia o Provides in one tool an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and web documents  Examples: Apple Safari, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and Mozilla Firefox  Differ by what device they work on o Chrome has a mobile version for cell phones and tablets and a desktop version for laptops and desktops. o Mobile browsers designed for smaller touchscreens of mobile devices. o Desktop browsers designed for laptop and desktop computers  Connections to remote computers  Location/address – Uniform Resource Locator (URL)  URL‘s have two basic parts; many have additional parts o First-part is the protocol  Rules for exchanging data between computers  https is used for web traffic and is the most widely used Internet protocol. o Second part is the domain name 1-17 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

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Specific address where the resource is located  Top-level domain (TLD), or web suffix, – last part of the domain name following the dot (.) which identifies the type of organization. For example .com indicates a commercial site Displaying text and images  Documents displayed within the browser window contain Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), a markup language for displaying web pages.  Browser interprets the HTML code  Displays document as a web page o Web pages can have hyperlinks, or links, that connect to other documents containing related information.  Web pages can also be highly interactive and animated using the following technologies: o JavaScript – a language used within HTML documents to trigger interactive features  Opening new browser windows  Checking information entered in online forms o PHP—language often used within HTML documents to improve a website‘s interactivity  Executes on the website‘s computer and not the user‘s computer like JavaScript typically does o Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) – separate files referenced by or lines inserted into an HTML document controlling the appearance of a web page  Helps to ensure that related web pages have a consistent presentation  Example: Netflix uses CSS to visually connect all its web pages.

Web Utilities o Specialized utility programs that make using the Internet and the web easier and safer to use o Some of these utilities are browser-related programs that either become part of the browser or are executed from the browser, others work as separate stand-alone applications. o Common uses include filtering content and transferring files. o Filters block access to selected sites or set time limits.  By parents or organizations o File transfer utilities are used to copy files (download) to computers from specially configured servers or copy files (upload) from computer to another computer on the Internet. o Three popular types of file transfer  Web-based file transfer services make use of a web browser to upload and download files alleviating the need for custom software to be installed. Examples: Microsoft's OneDrive, Google's Google Drive 1-18 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

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BitTorrent distributes file transfers across many different computers for more efficient downloads.  File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) allow efficient copying of files across the Internet. o Internet Security Suite is a collection of utility programs designed to maintain security and privacy when connected to the web.  These programs control spam, protect against computer viruses, provide filters and more.  Internet security suites include Symantec‘s Norton Internet Security and Bitdefender Internet Security. Communication o The most popular Internet activity o Family, friends, businesses all use electronic communication o Social Networking is the most significant Web 2.0 application.  Connecting individuals to one another  Focus is on connecting people and organizations that share a common interest or activity.  Typically provide a wide array of tools that facilitate meeting, communicating, and sharing  Common features are shared by social networking sites.  Profiles or pages allow you to share information about yourself or your business. Individuals create profiles while businesses create pages.  Groups and Friends the other members on social media that you will communicate with. Friends are individuals you communicate with, while groups are communities of other members that share information and discuss specific topics.  News feed is the first page seen after logging into a social networking site.  Share settings on social media accounts determine who can see posts.  A social network often has an overall focus. o LinkedIn is a popular business-oriented site. o Facebook connects friends and family and also includes news sites, entertainment sites, and a powerful way for businesses and organizations to connect with their audience. o Other popular social networking sites: LinkedIn, Instagram, Pinterest, TikTok, Snapchat o Blogs, Microblogs, Podcasts, and Wikis  These sites help ordinary people communicate across the web.  Many individuals create personal websites, called blogs, to keep in touch with friends and family. o Blog postings are time-stamped and arranged with the newest item first. o Used by individuals, groups, and businesses to share information 1-19 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

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o Considered a quick publishing method  Blogger and WordPress are examples of blogs Microblogs – designed to be used with mobile devices and limit the size of posts. o Twitter is an example of a microblog, limiting posts to 280 characters. o Instagram, another example, is designed to share images and video posts with little or no written content. Podcasts – Audio programs delivered over the Internet o Typically, one audio program in a series of related podcasts. Wikis - a web site specially designed to allow visitors to use their browsers to add, edit, or delete the site‘s content o Wikis support collaborative writing for a community of interested people. o Wikis support collaborative writing.  Wikipedia is an example of a wiki. o Creating blogs and wikis are examples of web authoring.

o Messaging o Electronic messaging is a popular way to communicate quickly and efficiently, typically using cell phones.  Text messaging, also known as texting, SMS (short messaging service)  Short electronic message typically less than 160 characters using a wireless network to another person who views the message on a mobile device such as a cell phone.  Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) allows the sending and receiving images, video, and sound.  Instant Messaging (IM)  Allows two or more people to contact each other via direct live communication  To use, register with an instant messaging service provider  Specify a list of friends  IM notifies you when your friends are online.  Includes video conferencing, file sharing, and remote assistance  Three of the most popular instant messaging services are Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, and Google Meet. o E-mail or electronic mail  Unlike electronic messaging, E-mail is used to communicate longer and more formal text.  Four Basic elements  Header includes the addresses and subject  Message  Signature  Attachment  Two basic types of e-mail accounts: o Client-based e-mail systems require a special program known as an e-mail client to be installed on a computer. 1-20 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

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Two of the most widely used e-mail clients are Microsoft‘s Outlook and Apple‘s Mail. o Web-based e-mail systems do not require an e-mail program to be installed on a computer. Most ISPs offer webmail services o Three free webmail service providers are Google‘s Gmail, Microsoft‘s Outlook, and Yahoo!‘s Yahoo! Mail E-mail can be an asset to both personal and professional lives. Some drawbacks include: o Unsolicited and unwanted e-mails known as Spam  Can contain computer viruses and be dangerous  Spam blockers and spam filters identify and eliminate spam.

Search Tools o Over twenty billion pages and more are being added to the Internet daily. o Search services or search providers help users locate the needed information  Maintain huge databases of the pages on the Internet and web  Special automated programs called spiders continually look for new information and update databases.  Search Engines  Specialized programs that help locate information on the web and the Internet  Searches for information based on keywords and phrases and after comparing the entry against its database it returns the search results, or sites that contain the keywords  Each search service maintains its own database so the search results returned by one search engine will not necessarily be the same search results returned by another search engine.  Content evaluation  Not all information found on the web is accurate and has not been subjected to strict guidelines.  Some sites promote fake news or information that is inaccurate or biased.  Manipulated videos known as deep fakes  Designed to look like legitimate news sites  Before you believe a website's claims or share that site with friends and family consider the following: o Authority – is the author an expert? o Accuracy – Read beyond the headlines and consult other reputable sources. o Objectivity – Is the information factually reported? Does the author have a personal bias? o Currency – Is the information up to date? Are the site's links operational? If not, the site is most likely not being actively maintained. Electronic Commerce o Also known as e-commerce 1-21 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

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o Buying and selling of goods over the Internet o Advantages to the buyer  They can buy things 24/7.  They can shop from anywhere. o Advantages to the seller  Lower costs  Reduced inventory  Ship goods directly from warehouse o Disadvantages  Inability to provide goods immediately  Can‘t ―try on‖ purchases  Security concerns with online payments o Business-to-consumer (B2C)  Sale of products and services to the general public or end users  Fastest growing type of e-commerce  Three most widely used B2C applications  Online banking  Financial trading  Shopping o Amazon.com is one of the most widely used B2C sites. o Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)  Individuals selling to individuals  Consists of electronic version of the classified ads or web auctions  Buyers and sellers seldom meet face to face.  Popular site is etsy.com, Figure 2-19 shows some of the most popular C2C sites. o Business-to-Business (B2B)  Sale of a product or service from one business to another  Typically, a manufacturer-supplier relationship. o Security – The two greatest challenges for e-commerce include:  Developing fast, secure, and reliable payment methods for purchased goods  Digital currency is the Internet‘s equivalent to traditional cash.  Buyers purchase digital cash from a third party that specializes in electronic currency.  Facebook‘s digital cash, Diem, is tied to the US dollar.  Some digital currencies, like bitcoin, have no traditional cash equivalents and their transactions do not involve third party banks. Such a currency is called a cryptocurrency. o Cryptocurrencies use public ledgers, knows as blockchains, to record all transactions of the cryptocurrency. o Nearly impossible to counterfeit the blockchain Cloud Computing o Uses the Internet and the web to shift many computer activities from the user‘s computer to other computers on the Internet o Frees users from owning, maintaining, and storing software and data  Access to services from anywhere through an Internet connection 1-22 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

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Basic components to cloud computing (See Figure 2-22.)  Clients o Corporations and end users who want access to data, programs, and storage o Access available anywhere and anytime that a connection to the Internet is available o End users do not need to buy, install, and maintain application programs and data.  Internet o Provides the connection between the clients and the providers o Two most critical factors determining the efficiency of cloud computing  Speed and reliability of the user‘s access to the Internet  Internet‘s capability to provide safe and reliable transmission of data and programs  Service Providers o Organizations with computers connected to the Internet that are willing to provide access to software, data, and storage  Providers may charge a fee, or it may be free  Google Drive Apps provide free access to programs with capabilities like Microsoft‘s Word, Excel and PowerPoint through an Internet connection. (See Figure 2-23.) The Internet of Things (IoT) o Becoming more and more part of everyday life o The continuing development of the Internet that allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet o Everyday objects include cell phones, wearable devices, and even coffee makers o Google Nest is a collection of IoT devices for the home. o Web 3.0 application can access Fitbit data, combine that data with other data on the web, process the data and send information back to another device. Careers in IT o Web developers  Develop and maintain web sites and resources  Job includes backup of the company website, updating resources, or development of new resources  Involved in the design and development of the website  Monitor and update interface design, as well as traffic to the website  Webmasters can work with marketing personnel  Employers look for candidates with a bachelor‘s or associate‘s degree in computer science or information systems  Knowledge of HTML and PHP  Experience using web authoring software and programs like Adobe Illustrator and Adobe Dreamweaver are often preferred  Good communication and organizational skills are vital in this position 1-23 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

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 Annual salary range $52,000 to $82,000 A Look to the Future o Home Smart Home o Smart homes of the future will have furniture that can monitor and improve your health, rooms that can expand and contract as your needs change, and gardens that farm themselves and turn compost into energy. o Internet of Things (IoT) and Web 5.0 technologies work together to make for an easier, healthier, and more sustainable home. o Google‘s Nest adjusts your thermostat. o IoT devices will work together to maximize their efficiency. o Smart homes of the future will have smart walls that use adjustable surfaces and actuators to change the size of a room effectively.

Teaching Tips/Suggestions 

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The Internet and the Web o Most students feel that the Internet and the web are synonymous, so it helps to stress the distinction between the two. Emphasize, using diagrams, that the Internet is a network infrastructure consisting of computers connected to one another. The Internet connects computers around the world and provides resources and services to end users. o Illustrate using YouTube videos that the web is a multimedia interface to the resources available on the Internet. o Discuss web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and the future of web 5.0. o Have a discussion with students regarding what they use the Internet and the Web for. Some of these answers may be stated:  Communicating  Shopping  Searching  Education (e-Learning)  Online entertainment Internet Access o Discuss with students the different types of Internet Service Providers (ISP) used to access the Internet. o Browsers are the programs used by devices to provide access to web resources.  These programs connect you to remote computers, open and transfer files, display text, images, and multimedia, and provide in one tool an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and web documents.  Four well known browsers  Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari  Take a poll and see which is the most popular browser and ask why? o Discuss the difference between mobile browsers and desktop browsers. Mobile browsers are designed for the smaller touch screens of mobile devices. Desktop browsers are designed for laptop and desktop computers.  Explain that an address, or location, is needed for browsers to connect  Uniform Resource Locator (URL) - address o Protocol – rules for exchanging data o Domain name – indicates the specific address where the resource is located o Have students write out different URLs and identify the parts of the URL.  Documents (web pages) contain Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and hyperlinks which provide links to other related pages.  Find a web page and view the source code of the web page.  Web pages also contain various technologies that control the appearance of the web page and are used to provide highly interactive and animated web sites. These include JavaScript, PHP, and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).  Have students locate a web page that is interactive. 1-25 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

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Web Utilities o Specialized utility programs the make using the Internet and the web easier and safer to use o Filters - block access to selected sites  What types of sites may be blocked?  Consider a discussion on whether academic institutions should use filters. o File Transfer Utilities  Demonstrate using FTP simply by saving a file or picture using the ―Save as‖ option in Internet Explorer. The students can relate to this concept more readily because they may have downloaded files from the Internet.  Web-based file transfer services, Example: Microsoft's OneDrive, Google's Google drive  BitTorrent  File transfer protocol (FTP) and Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) o Internet Security Suites  Discuss the importance of Internet security and open a discussion with students on security issues that they have experienced and how they dealt with the problem. Communication o Social networking – these sites are setup to help users find others with similar interests, hobbies, and friends, etc. Most students have already used a site, such as, Facebook.com, LinkedIn, or Instagram.  Discuss security and how to protect yourself from unwanted guests, such as stalkers.  Review the common features including Profiles and Pages, Groups and Friends, News feed and Share settings.  Social networks often have an overall focus.  LinkedIn – business oriented social networking site  Facebook – connecting friends and family, news, entertainment, and connecting businesses and organizations with their audience  Instagram – sharing photos  TikTok – sharing short videos  Snapchat – instant messaging o Review Blogs, Microblogs, Podcasts, and Wikis. How are they used? How do they differ? Have students create their own blog on a free blog space.  Have students present examples of blogs, microblogs, podcasts, and wikis. Discuss Wikipedia. These sites help ordinary people communicate across the web.  Many individuals create personal web sites, called blogs, to keep in touch with friends and family. o Used by individuals, groups, and businesses to share information o Time stamped and arranged with the newest item first  Microblogs – designed to be used with mobile devices and limit the size of posts. Twitter is an example of a microblog. Instagram is another example, designed to share images and video posts. 1-26 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

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Podcasts- audio programs delivered over the Internet o Discuss examples of podcasts, like Ted Talks and The Daily.  Wikis - a website specially designed to allow visitors to add, edit, or delete content. o ―Wiki‖ comes from the Hawaiian word for fast o Wikis demonstrate collaborative writing in which there isn‘t a single expert author, but rather a community of interested people that builds knowledge over time. o Most famous example is Wikipedia.  Discuss with students why they should not use information on Wikipedia when doing research assignments. Wikipedia is not based on facts as much as it is on personal opinions. o Messaging - Text messaging, also known as texting or short message service (SMS), typically less than 160 characters, using a wireless network to another person who views the message on a mobile device such as a cell phone. Discuss texting and drawbacks. o Instant Messaging – allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communication  Have students give examples of how they use Instant Messaging.  Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Google Meet o E-mail – Emphasize that it is the most common form of Internet communication and has four basic elements  Header, Address, Subject and attachments o Discuss two types of e-mail:  Client-based  Require email client to be installed on your computer  Web-based  Do not require email client to be installed on your computer  How irritating is Spam? Does it have any usefulness? Spam is a complaint among most people. Demonstrate how to setup junk mail rules and use the Spam filters feature of e-mail. Search Tools o To illustrate how the different types of search engines work, ask the students to perform several searches. Have students use one of each different type of search engine that you have specified. They should use the exact key word/phrase search on each engine. The results will vary widely in the search results they generate, as well as the type of information received. o Content evaluation  Anyone can publish something on the web  Some sites promote fake news, or information that is inaccurate or biased.  Discuss deep fakes, where an individual‘s appearance or message has changed.  Find a website to evaluate accuracy consider the following:  Authority – Is this an official site?  Accuracy – Can I contact the author if I find inaccuracies?  Objectivity – Does the author have a personal bias? 1-27 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

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Currency – Has the data been updated on the web page? Are the site's links operational? If not, the site is most likely not being actively maintained.

Electronic Commerceo Give examples of each, B2C, C2C, B2B o E-commerce is fast-growing. Many students have participated in at least one type of e-commerce activity. For example:  Banking  Financial  Shopping o Security-Discuss the importance of security in online purchases.  Digital currency is the Internet‘s equivalent to traditional cash  Facebook's Diem, tied to the US Dollar  Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, no cash equivalent  Cryptocurrencies use blockchains to record transactions  Digital currency providers: Amazon, Google, Venmo, PayPal Cloud Computing o Cloud computing is a means to free users from owning, maintaining, and storing software and data.  Discuss how users can access services from anywhere through an Internet connection. Some may charge a fee, while others like Google Apps provide access to users for free.  Discuss the basic components to cloud computing and have students discuss how the Internet and the web enable users to shift many of their computer activities from their personal computer to other computers on the Internet.  Clients  Internet providers-provides connection between the clients and providers  Service providers-may charge a fee or be free  Discuss the potential drawbacks that students see for cloud computing. The Internet of Things o Discuss what web 3.0 applications are and how they work.

Key Terms Key Term Definition address The location or name of a Web site Advanced Research Project Agency Launched in 1969 when the United States funded a Network (ARPANET) project that developed a national computer network Files, such as documents and worksheets that can attachment be sent along with an e-mail message Cryptocurrency/digital currency, has no cash bitcoin equivalent and their transactions do not involve third party banks A type of file transfer that distributes files across BitTorrent many different computers for more efficient downloads blog Web logs that contain time stamped postings Software program that provides a user interface to browser web resources Involves the sale of a product or service from one business-to-business (B2B) business to another over the Internet The sale of a product or service to the general business-to-consumer (B2C) public or end users over the Internet Modems that provide Internet high-speed access cable using unused bandwidth on a cable television network Files inserted into an HTML document that control cascading style sheets (CSS) the appearance of web pages including layout, colors, and fonts Special program known as an e-mail client that needs to be installed and running to enable a client based e-mail system computer to communicate with the e-mail service provider Uses the Internet and the web to shift many cloud computing computer activities from a user‘s computer to computers on the Internet Involves individuals selling to individuals over the consumer-to-consumer (C2C) Internet A digital currency, like bitcoin, has no cash cryptocurrency equivalent and their transactions do not involve third party banks A manipulated video where an individual's deep fake appearance or message is changed Software program that provides a user interface to web resources, designed for laptop and desktop desktop browser computers, with smaller buttons and more onscreen options designed to take advantage of larger monitors and the precision of mouse input digital currency Internet‘s equivalent to traditional cash; Buyers 1-29 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.

Key Term

domain name downloading DSL e-commerce e-learning electronic commerce electronic mail e-mail

e-mail client

Facebook fake news file transfer protocol (FTP) filter friend groups header hyperlink Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Instagram instant messaging (IM) Internet

Definition purchase digital cash from a third party by transferring funds from their banks. Part of the URL that signifies the name of a web server where the resource is located Copying a file from a server to a local computer Digital Subscriber Line, provides a digital connection over unused frequencies of standard telephone lines Buying and selling of goods over the Internet (See also electronic commerce) Being able to take classes on almost any subject from educational institutions that offer courses online Buying and selling of goods over the Internet (See also e-commerce) Electronic mail, the transmission of electronic messages over the Internet (See also e-mail) Electronic mail, the transmission of electronic messages over the Internet (See also electronic mail) Special program required to communicate with the e-mail service provider in client-based e-mail accounts Social networking site that provides an array of features and applications including instant messaging, photo and video sharing, games, and more. information that is inaccurate or biased Internet standard for transferring files Blocks access to selected web sites A person that you specify in a list to use instant messaging Communities of individuals who share a common interest who come together online The first basic element of an e-mail message Connect to other documents, which can be videos, text, graphics, audio files, etc. Text based programming language used to create web pages Social networking site with an emphasis on sharing photos Allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communication Launched in 1969 with ARPANET, the Internet consists of the actual physical network made up of wires, cables, and satellites. 1-30

Key Term Internet of Things (IoT) Internet security suite Internet service provider (ISP) JavaScript link LinkedIn location message microblog MMS (multimedia messaging service) mobile browser news feed online pages podcast PHP profiles protocol search engine search service secure file transfer protocol (SFTP) share settings signature SMS (short messaging service) social networking spam

Definition Allows everyday objects embedded with electronic devices to send and receive data over the Internet Collection of utility programs designed to protect security and privacy while on the Internet Provides a path or connection for individuals to access the Internet A scripting language that triggers interactivity on web pages Also known as a hyperlink Social networking site focusing on business professionals The site of a web page The second basic element of an e-mail that consists of the body of the e-mail Web site that publishes short sentences that only take a few seconds to write, Twitter is a microblog. Sends images, videos, and sounds Special browser designed to run on portable devices First page you see after logging in to a social networking site Being connected to the Internet Are created by companies to promote their business Deliver media content widely used Language often used within HTML document to improve a websites‘ interactivity Created by individuals to share information about themselves Rules for exchanging data between computers Helps individuals locate information on the Web. (See also search service) An organization operates websites that can help individuals locate information on the Web. (See also search engine) Allows the efficient copying of files across the Internet On your social media account determine who can see your posts The third element of an e-mail message that provides additional information about the sender Process of sending a short electronic message Using the Internet to connect individuals and businesses to one another Unwanted or unsolicited e-mail 1-31

Key Term spam blocker spam filter spider subject texting

text messaging top-level domain (TLD) tweet Twitter uniform resource locator (URL) uploading virus web Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0

Web 4.0

Web 5.0 web auction web-based e-mail system web-based file transfer services webmail

Definition Software programs that are installed to work with e-mail programs to filter unwanted e-mail messages Programs used to identify and eliminate spam Special programs that continually look for new information on the Internet and update the search services‘ databases Part of the header element in an e-mail, usually a one-line description of the message Sending a short electronic message using a wireless network to another person who views the message on a mobile device, such as a cell phone Sending a short electronic message using a wireless network to another person who views the message on a mobile device, such as a cell phone. Last part of the domain name following the dot (.) Twitter messages A microblog that publishes short sentences The name, or address, of a web site To copy a file from a local computer to another computer on the Internet Destructive program often attached to unsolicited e-mail Introduced in 1992 at CERN, the web (WWW and World Wide Web) provides a multimedia interface to Internet resources. Focused on linking existing information Evolved to support more dynamic content creation and social interaction Focuses on computer-generated information requiring less human interaction to locate and to integrate information Called the mobile web, focus on connecting data and devices into a seamless integration into your physical life Called the emotional web-may include programs that anticipate our needs based on our mood and behaviors Sellers post descriptions of products at a web site and buyers submit bids electronically Use webmail clients located on the e-mail provider‘s computer Services that make use of a web browser to upload and download files, Dropbox is an example. Once a computer connects to an e-mail service provider, a special program called a webmail client 1-32

Key Term

webmail client web developer web page web suffix web utility wiki Wikipedia

wireless modem

World Wide Web WWW

Definition runs on the e-mail provider‘s computer and emailing can take place. Special program that runs on an e-mail provider‘s computer and enables web mailing to take place Develops and maintains websites and web resources A document on the web Identifies the type of organization, for example .com indicates a commercial site. Specialized programs that make using the Internet and the web easier and safer A web site specially designed to allow visitors to fill in missing information or correct inaccuracies An online ‗wiki‘ encyclopedia written and edited by anyone who wants to contribute Transmits information that is modulated onto a carrier frequency to allow many simultaneous wireless communication links to work simultaneous on different frequencies Also known as WWW, provides a multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet Provides a multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet

Answers to End-of-Chapter Materials Chapter 2 Num

Multiple Choice Answers

Matching Answers

1 2 3 4

C B B B

5 6 7 8 9 10

C B D C C B

G J F Internet of Things (IoT) H I E C D B

Open Ended Questions: 1. Discuss the Internet and web including their origins, the four generations of the web, and most common uses. The Internet was launched in 1969 when the United States funded a project that developed a national computer network called Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET). The Internet is an immense network that connects together smaller networks all over the globe. The web was introduced in 1991. Prior to the web, the Internet was all text—no graphics, animations, sound, or video. The web made it possible to include these elements. It provided a multimedia interface to resources available on the Internet. 

The first generation of the web, known as Web 1.0, focused on linking existing information. In 2001, the second generation, Web 2.0, evolved to support more dynamic content creation and social interaction. Facebook is one of the best-known Web 2.0 applications. Web 3.0 identifies relationships between data. Siri and Google Assistant are examples of Web 3.0 applications. Web 4.0, called the mobile web, is defined by the use of mobile tools that provide new sources of information for programs to provide users with information. Web 5.0 is on the horizon—called the emotional web, this generation may include programs that anticipate our needs based on our mood and behaviors. However, this future is not yet realized, and the specifics of Web 5.0 are still to be determined.

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Some of the uses of the Internet are communicating, shopping, searching, education or elearning, and online entertainment. Communicating is the most popular. You can exchange texts, emails, photos, and videos with family and friends from almost anywhere in the world. Some activities of entertainment are music, movies, and playing video games with friends around the world. Other activities to participate in are shopping, doing research online, and e-learning. 1-34 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.