Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anthropology Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. Anthropologists who specialize in ______ anthropology are most likely to study evolution. A. linguistic B. cultural C. biological D. archaeological Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Biological Anthropology Difficulty Level: Easy 2. Biological anthropology is most closely aligned with which type of study? A. natural science B. social science C. humanities D. arts Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Biological Anthropology Difficulty Level: Easy 3. A primatologist would be most likely to conduct which of the following studies? A. analysis of fossil samples B. observational analysis of chimpanzee social structure C. DNA analysis of hair samples from two prehistoric sites D. isotopic analysis of a human bone Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Biological Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 4. Osteological studies involve the analysis of the human ______. A. ancestor B. language C. genome
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
D. skeleton Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Biological Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 5. Which type of anthropologist studies past cultures through analysis of their material culture? A. archaeologists B. biological anthropologists C. cultural anthropologists D. linguists Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Archaeology Difficulty Level: Easy 6. Pottery, stone tools, and jewelry are examples of ______ studied by archaeologists. A. ecofacts B. excavations C. artifacts D. middens Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Archaeology Difficulty Level: Medium 7. What do archaeologists find when they excavate middens? A. jewels and other spectacular artifacts B. trash left by ancient people C. evidence for ancient rituals D. remains of walls, postholes, and other architectural elements Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Archaeology Difficulty Level: Medium 8. A classical archaeologist would be most likely to excavate ______. A. a French library B. a Celtic hillfort C. a Hopi pueblo D. an ancient Greek temple
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Archaeology Difficulty Level: Medium 9. A prehistoric archaeologist would be most likely to excavate ______. A. a Roman curse tablet B. a codex written in Maya hieroglyphics C. a wall painting from Çatalhöyük D. an Egyptian obelisk Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Archaeology Difficulty Level: Medium 10. The ______ anthropologist is most likely to explore whether people who speak different languages think in different ways. A. linguistic B. archaeological C. biological D. cultural Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Linguistic Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 11. Which type of linguistics examines the different versions of language spoken by different groups within a particular culture? A. structural linguistics B. sociolinguistics C. historical linguistics D. psycholinguistics Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Linguistic Anthropology Difficulty Level: Easy 12. Which type of anthropologist conducts participant observation fieldwork among present-day societies? A. linguist B. archaeologist C. biological anthropologist
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
D. cultural anthropologist Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Cultural Anthropology Difficulty Level: Easy 13. Which methodology allows anthropologists to write about cultures other than their own as insiders? A. participant observation B. excavation C. radiocarbon dating D. ethnography Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Cultural Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 14. When your professor assigns you a reading about a particular culture, the reading is called a/an ______. A. ethnology B. ethnography C. participant observation D. field report Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Cultural Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 15. When your professor assigns you a reading on a particular subject that includes many cultures around the world, the reading is called a/an ______. A. ethnology B. ethnography C. cultural report D. universal Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Cultural Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 16. When a biological anthropologist is hired by a police department to create an image of a murder victim based on a few fragments of the skull, they are participating in ______ anthropology.
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
A. cultural B. archaeological C. linguistic D. applied Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Applied Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 17. Early anthropology emerged from the desire to ______. A. reconstruct the history of languages B. find ancient treasures C. understand non-Western cultures D. trace human ancestor species Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Anthropology: The Four Subfields Difficulty Level: Easy 18. Which type of anthropologist uses fossils to trace human ancestry? A. osteologist B. linguist C. archaeologist D. paleoanthropologist Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Biological Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 19. Which methodology is used by archaeologists to map sites and artifacts? A. participant observation B. geographic information systems (GIS) C. excavation D. ethnography Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Archaeology Difficulty Level: Medium 20. Which type of linguistics examines similarities and differences among present-day languages? A. historical linguistics
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
B. sociolinguistics C. structural linguistics D. philosophical linguistics Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Linguistic Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 21. Which quality of the field of anthropology allows anthropologists to discuss bigger picture questions about humanity? A. a holistic approach B. ethnographic research C. ethnocentrism D. an ahistorical focus Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe how the field of anthropology is holistic, interdisciplinary, and global. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Holistic Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Research, and a Global Perspective Difficulty Level: Medium 22. An archaeologist may use radiocarbon dating to assess the age of a particular site. Since this is a methodology borrowed from the natural sciences, it illustrates the ______ quality of anthropology. A. holistic B. interdisciplinary C. global D. ethnohistorical Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe how the field of anthropology is holistic, interdisciplinary, and global. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Holistic Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Research, and a Global Perspective Difficulty Level: Medium 23. When an anthropologist asks an elder to tell the story of how her people came to their homeland, the anthropologist is collecting a/an ______. A. mythology B. ethnohistory C. ethnography D. ethnology Ans: B
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe how the field of anthropology is holistic, interdisciplinary, and global. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Holistic Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Research, and a Global Perspective Difficulty Level: Medium 24. As members of a culture learn their society’s ways of life, they begin to see other ways of life as less acceptable, leading to ______. A. cultural relativism B. religion C. ethnocentrism D. universalism Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Anthropological Explanations Difficulty Level: Easy 25. How is anthropological knowledge produced? A. systematic observation based on the scientific method B. personal experience extrapolated cross culturally C. derived from religious beliefs and sacred texts D. culturally constructed beliefs and practices Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data Difficulty Level: Medium 26. An anthropologist is interested in family relationships among the residents of a particular village. She wants to better understand their patterns of kinship and descent. She designs a fieldwork project that allows her to observe familial relationships for a period of 1 year. Based on her observations, she hypothesizes that village residents have a different relationship with their mother’s sister than with their father’s sister. This is an example of the ______ method of scientific research. A. theoretical B. variable C. deductive D. inductive Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Application
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data Difficulty Level: Hard 27. An anthropologist is interested in studying ritual and religion. She believes that most rituals originate as ways of addressing practical needs and designs a series of fieldwork projects that allows her to test her hypothesis. She visits eight small-scale societies and collects data about their ritual beliefs, then uses the data to test her hypothesis. This is an example of the ______ method of scientific research. A. deductive B. inductive C. hypothetical D. verifiable Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data Difficulty Level: Hard 28. An anthropologist notices that he can trace many cultural practices back to other cultures. Over time, he tests a series of hypotheses and formulates an explanation that posits that the appearance of new cultural traits in societies happens by spreading from another culture. This explanation is an example of a ______. A. cultural universal B. variable C. theory D. law Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data Difficulty Level: Medium 29. Anthropologists would use a scientific approach to study which of the following? A. the adoption of a new type of tool B. the composition of a song C. the initiation ritual of a young man D. the feelings of the people toward the flag Ans: A Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
30. Anthropologists would use a humanistic approach to study which of the following? A. the history of a language B. the naming ceremony of a baby C. the diet of the poorest members of society D. the medical care received by a pregnant woman Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 31. Ethnomusicology and ethnopoetics are examples of the ______ approach to anthropology. A. holistic B. deductive C. scientific D. humanistic Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 32. The anthropologist’s job is to ______ beliefs and practices within their cultural context. A. construct B. interpret C. hypothesize D. deduce Ans: B Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Easy 33. Students who are not anthropology majors often wonder if they really need to study anthropology. Which of the following best describes why students of other disciplines should still take anthropology courses? A. Anthropology is rarely offered before college, so students should take advantage of the chance to study something new. B. Anthropologists make a lot of money, so students should give it a chance. C. Anthropologists know a little bit about everything, so students will learn about their own majors in anthropology courses.
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
D. Anthropologists learn skills that are applicable in many disciplines, so even nonmajors will walk away with knowledge that will help them in their lives and careers. Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe why students should study anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Why Study Anthropology? Difficulty Level: Easy 34. Anthropology’s ______ perspective teaches students to value cultural diversity. A. scientific B. holistic C. humanistic D. cross-cultural Ans: D Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe why students should study anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Why Study Anthropology? Difficulty Level: Easy 35. Anthropology’s emphasis on the ______ trains students to think critically. A. humanistic approach B. global diversity C. scientific method D. arts and sciences Ans: C Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe why students should study anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Why Study Anthropology? Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False 1. Modern anthropologists focus on non-Western cultures. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Anthropology: The Four Subfields Difficulty Level: Easy 2. Anthropologists specialize in one subfield, but receive training in all four major subfields. Ans: T Learning Objective: 1.2: Describe how the field of anthropology is holistic, interdisciplinary, and global. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Answer Location: Holistic Anthropology, Interdisciplinary Research, and a Global Perspective Difficulty Level: Easy 3. Human knowledge is based on objective reality. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Anthropological Explanations Difficulty Level: Medium 4. It is better to use a scientific approach than a humanistic approach in anthropology. Ans: F Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Medium 5. Scientists and humanists each contribute meaningfully to our understanding of humankind. Ans: T Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer 1. Compare and contrast the contribution that each of the four major subfields of anthropology makes to an understanding of humankind. Ans: Anthropology combines the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities to examine humankind as a whole. Biological anthropology incorporates the “nature” aspect of humanity, including genetics and human evolution. Archaeology studies the history of human societies, while cultural anthropology looks at modern-day societies. Linguistics includes the enormously important role of language in humanity. Each subfield includes methodologies and theories designed to elicit more information about humans, but they do so by investigating different aspects of humanity. Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Anthropology: The Four Subfields Difficulty Level: Hard
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
2. Which type of anthropologist would you become and why? Your answer should include specific explanations of why you would choose your particular subfield as well as why you would reject the others. Ans: Varies, but students should select one of the four subfields (or one of the more specific specialties within one of the subfields) of anthropology. Their responses should show that they understand what each of the four subfields requires and state a preference that reflects their own personalities or personal preferences. For example, I would choose archaeology, because I love learning about ancient cultures. The idea of being the first one to touch an artifact in the thousands of years since it was deposited is exciting. I wouldn’t want to be a biological anthropologist because there’s more natural science involved than I prefer and I don’t want to have to memorize every bone in the human body. I don’t think I’d like to be a cultural anthropologist because I’m a bit shy, and I don’t think I’d like to have to go out and live among a group of people I’ve never met before. Linguistics sounds kind of interesting, because language matters a lot in society, but I think overall archaeology is for me. Learning Objective: 1.1: Compare and contrast the four major subfields of anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Anthropology: The Four Subfields Difficulty Level: Hard 3. Would the inductive or deductive methods of scientific research be more useful in debunking ethnocentric beliefs? Justify your answer. Ans: Either answer is acceptable as long as it is supported by strong arguments, which may include comparing and contrasting the two methods and applying each to an example of ethnocentrism. Answers should demonstrate an understanding of the inductive method, deductive method, and ethnocentrism. Learning Objective: 1.3: Explain how the scientific method is used in anthropological explanations. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Evaluating Anthropological Data Difficulty Level: Hard 4. Analyze the differences in the use of the term “progress” as it relates to the sciences versus the humanities. Why can we refer to modern knowledge of science as more advanced than in the past, but not of the arts? Ans: Varies, but should demonstrate an understanding that scientific knowledge has accumulated throughout time, while the humanities reflect important things about the societies that have produced them. It is not appropriate to talk about modern art, music, and other forms of symbolic representations as more advanced or sophisticated than that in the past, but our understanding of scientific principles and methods are more sophisticated. Learning Objective: 1.4: Discuss how the field of anthropology bridges both the sciences and the humanities. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Humanistic-Interpretive Approaches in Anthropology Difficulty Level: Hard
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
5. Discuss how a background in anthropology would be beneficial to your future career. Ans: Varies based upon students’ future plans, but may include critical thinking skills, an open mind, learning about non-Western cultures, a grounding in evolution, or any other benefits that an anthropological education provides. Learning Objective: 1.5: Describe why students should study anthropology. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Why Study Anthropology? Difficulty Level: Medium
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Chapter 2: The Record of the Past Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. Project objectives are set out and strategies for recovering relevant data are outlined in a(n) ______. A. research design B. fossil locality C. design sample D. archaeological record Ans: A Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain how archaeological research is used to answer questions about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Answering Questions Difficulty Level: Easy 2. Andreas is an anthropologist planning a research project. He specifies what investigative methods will be used, the extent of excavation for a site, and how materials will be analyzed. Andreas is preparing a ______. A. faunal succession B. relative dating C. midden deposit D. research design Ans: D Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain how archaeological research is used to answer questions about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Answering Questions Difficulty Level: Hard 3. How do a majority of contemporary archaeologists and paleoanthropologists spend their time working? A. predicting the future B. digging for fossils C. exploring lost cities D. researching on a computer Ans: D
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain how archaeological research is used to answer questions about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Answering Questions Difficulty Level: Medium 4. Which student is an ideal candidate to pursue a career in archaeology? A. a student who likes to travel and solve mysteries B. a student who wants to understand the past C. a student who collects fossils and makes pottery D. a student who desires to study life and living organisms Ans: B Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain how archaeological research is used to answer questions about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Answering Questions Difficulty Level: Hard 5. Which type of information do paleontologists and geologists contribute to an archeological study? A. identifying the age of mineral deposits and floral and faunal remains B. theorizing the ways tools or artifacts may have been used C. translating written documents D. assessing the value of artifacts that are found Ans: A Learning Objective: 2.2: Define paleoanthropology and discuss what we can learn about the past from fossil evidence. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Paleoanthropological Study Difficulty Level: Medium 6. ______ is the study of ancient environments. A. Paleoanthropology B. Paleoecology C. Taphonomy D. Dendrochronology Ans: B Learning Objective: 2.2: Define paleoanthropology and discuss what we can learn about the past from fossil evidence. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Paleoanthropological Study Difficulty Level: Easy
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
7. Darya digs up the bones of an ancient fish that have been preserved in sediment. What has she found? A. midden B. context C. fossil D. artifact Ans: C Learning Objective: 2.2: Define paleoanthropology and discuss what we can learn about the past from fossil evidence. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Fossils and Fossil Localities Difficulty Level: Hard 8. Which factor is necessary for interpreting fossil localities? A. volume of material culture B. status and location of middens C. features of the sites D. taphonomy of the sites Ans: D Learning Objective: 2.2: Define paleoanthropology and discuss what we can learn about the past from fossil evidence. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Fossils and Fossil Localities Difficulty Level: Medium 9. Tereza is working with a team of archaeologists. She found a fossil locality and is in charge of excavating for buried deposits. While excavating, Tereza will be careful to ______. A. record fossils’ contexts B. plan a research design C. look for ecofacts D. take a geophysical survey Ans: A Learning Objective: 2.2: Define paleoanthropology and discuss what we can learn about the past from fossil evidence. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Fossils and Fossil Localities Difficulty Level: Hard 10. What does archaeology offer to cultural anthropology? A. processes of cultural systems B. record of past human behavior C. prepared research designs D. taphonomy of cultural sites Ans: B
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Learning Objective: 2.3: Discuss what the archaeological record can tell us about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Archaeological Research Difficulty Level: Medium 11. Which of the following is an artifact that would disappear quickly in the archaeological record? A. stone dagger B. porcelain vase C. wooden table D. glass sculpture Ans: C Learning Objective: 2.3: Discuss what the archaeological record can tell us about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Archaeological Record Difficulty Level: Medium 12. What is the difference between an artifact and a fossil? A. Artifacts are objects made by humans. B. Fossils are preserved modifications of objects. C. Artifacts are buried in sediment that hardens. D. Fossils are non-moveable artifacts. Ans: A Learning Objective: 2.3: Discuss what the archaeological record can tell us about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: The Archaeological Record Difficulty Level: Medium 13. Lucija is at an archaeological site of an ancient burial ground. She knows the archaeological term for the graves dug into the ground is a(n) ______. A. artifact B. ecofact C. midden D. feature Ans: D Learning Objective: 2.3: Discuss what the archaeological record can tell us about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Archaeological Record Difficulty Level: Medium 14. What is lost when laypersons remove artifacts from sites? A. middens B. contexts C. geophysical surveys
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
D. remote sensing Ans: B Learning Objective: 2.3: Discuss what the archaeological record can tell us about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Archaeological Record Difficulty Level: Medium 15. A ______ is a systematic examination of a particular area, region, or country to locate archaeological sites or fossil localities. A. context B. remote sensing project C. survey D. palynology Ans: C Learning Objective: 2.4: Recall the basic techniques used to locate archaeological sites and fossil localities. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Locating Sites and Fossil Localities Difficulty Level: Easy 16. What is the difference between systematic and unsystematic surveys? A. Systematic approaches avoid the challenges of difficult terrain. B. Systematic approaches correspond with ancient land uses. C. Unsystematic approaches divide an area into a grid or transect. D. Unsystematic approaches may produce a biased sample of remains. Ans: D Learning Objective: 2.4: Recall the basic techniques used to locate archaeological sites and fossil localities. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Locating Sites and Fossil Localities Difficulty Level: Medium 17. Sensing methods for geophysical surveys work best in settings with which kind of feature? A. uniform surrounding soils B. buried metal objects C. buried geological features D. a leaking hose Ans: A Learning Objective: 2.4: Recall the basic techniques used to locate archaeological sites and fossil localities. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Subsurface Archaeological Testing and Geophysical Surveys Difficulty Level: Medium
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
18. Which technology greatly enhanced the practice of remote sensing? A. magnetometer B. drones C. GPR D. satellites Ans: B Learning Objective: 2.4: Recall the basic techniques used to locate archaeological sites and fossil localities. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Remote Sensing Difficulty Level: Medium 19. What survey method can detect features buried under six feet of sand? A. electrical resistivity meters B. ground penetrating radar C. space imaging radar D. light detection and ranging Ans: C Learning Objective: 2.4: Recall the basic techniques used to locate archaeological sites and fossil localities. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Remote Sensing Difficulty Level: Easy 20. Kirill is analyzing data taken from light detection and ranging (LIDAR). He uses ______ to integrate survey information and LIDAR data to plot transportation routes in the Amazon jungle. A. taphonomy B. magnetometers C. GPR D. GIS Ans: D Learning Objective: 2.4: Recall the basic techniques used to locate archaeological sites and fossil localities. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Remote Sensing Difficulty Level: Hard 21. How does excavation work typically begin at a site? A. A detailed site plan is prepared. B. A grid is placed over the site. C. A datum point references the position. D. Midden deposits are excavated. Ans: A
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Learning Objective: 2.5: Summarize the basic techniques of archaeological excavation. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Archaeological Excavation Difficulty Level: Medium 22. Why is the age of fossils, artifacts, and archaeological sites important? A. to assess technological innovations B. to understand trade patterns C. to detect features in vegetation D. to reconstruct fossil fragments Ans: A Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Dating Methods Difficulty Level: Medium 23. Why are certain dating techniques more typically associated with archaeological research than paleoanthropological research? A. Archaeological research only uses relative dating. B. Paleoanthropological research requires numerical dating. C. Some methods are specific to particular kinds of materials. D. Only one method is needed for accurate dating for archaeology. Ans: C Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Relative Dating Difficulty Level: Medium 24. What is the difference between relative and numerical dating techniques? A. Numerical dating uses the principle of faunal correlation. B. Numerical dating is based on changes in popularity. C. Relative dating assigns a specific age to an artifact. D. Relative dating allows for evaluation through time. Ans: D Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Relative Dating Difficulty Level: Medium 25. Someone has given Luis a fossil but can’t give him any details about its stratigraphic context. How can Luis date this fossil?
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
A. faunal correlation B. faunal succession C. radio carbon dating D. FUN trio techniques Ans: A Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Faunal Succession Difficulty Level: Hard 26. ______ is the study of pollen grains. A. Seriation B. Palynology C. Dendrochronology D. Taphonomy Ans: B Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Palynology Difficulty Level: Easy 27. What elements are measured in the FUN trio tests? A. hydrogen, thorium, and potassium B. carbon, argon, and oxygen C. fluorine, uranium, and nitrogen D. francium, ununseptium, and nickel Ans: C Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Relative Dating Methods of Bones Difficulty Level: Medium 28. Why are the FUN trio tests and obsidian hydration considered relative dating? A. effect of oxygen accumulation B. order in stratigraphic layers C. decay of isotopes over time D. influence of environmental factors Ans: D Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Answer Location: Relative Dating Methods of Bones Difficulty Level: Medium 29. How does seriation differ from other relative dating methods? A. It is based on the study of archaeological materials. B. It uses geological and chemical principles. C. It ignores the influence of environmental conditions. D. It provides both relative and numerical dating. Ans: A Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Obsidian Hydration Difficulty Level: Medium 30. How has the dating method of dendrochronology changed from the 18th century? A. More accurate counts of tree rings can be obtained. B. Master dendrochronology sequences can be built. C. The method is outdated and no longer used. D. It is used in conjunction with faunal succession. Ans: B Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Numerical Dating Methods Difficulty Level: Medium 31. How are dendrochronology and palynology similar? A. They both depend on stratigraphic layers. B. They both are part of faunal succession. C. They both measure plant features. D. They both use radioactive isotopes. Ans: C Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Palynology Difficulty Level: Medium 32. Riya wants to date some charcoal that was found during her excavation of a village archaeological site. What method should she use? A. thermoluminescence dating B. obsidian hydration C. dendrochronology
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
D. carbon-14 dating Ans: D Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Radioactive Decay and Carbon-14 Dating Difficulty Level: Hard 33. ______ is based on the decay of a radioactive isotope of uranium. A. Fission-track dating B. FUN trio testing C. Palynology D. Thermoluminescence dating Ans: A Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Potassium-Argon and Fission-Track Dating Difficulty Level: Easy 34. How does thermoluminescence dating differ from other methods based on radioactive decay? A. It is a method of relative dating. B. It is based on trapped electrons in minerals. C. It is used to date artifacts in the recent past. D. It coordinates with taphonomy. Ans: B Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Thermoluminescence Dating Difficulty Level: Medium 35. What can affect archaeological interpretations? A. research design B. radioactive decay C. political pressures D. scientific approaches Ans: C Learning Objective: 2.7: Discuss the challenges of interpreting the past and how these are overcome. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Interpreting the Past Difficulty Level: Medium
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
True/False 1. Modern archaeologists are more likely to spend more time in a laboratory than digging up fossils. Ans: T Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain how archaeological research is used to answer questions about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Answering Questions Difficulty Level: Easy 2. Culture is the shared way of life that relates to nonmaterial products transmitted within a society or social group. Ans: F Learning Objective: 2.3: Discuss what the archaeological record can tell us about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Archaeological Research Difficulty Level: Easy 3. Remote sensing methods identify sites and archaeological features through the use of aerial and drone photography, and satellite imagery. Ans: T Learning Objective: 2.4: Recall the basic techniques used to locate archaeological sites and fossil localities. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Remote Sensing Difficulty Level: Easy 4. The most commonly used tools in excavation are picks, shovels, and bulldozers. Ans: F Learning Objective: 2.5: Summarize the basic techniques of archaeological excavation. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Archaeological Excavation Difficulty Level: Easy 5. In potassium-argon dating, the decay of argon into potassium is measured. Ans: F Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Potassium-Argon and Fission-Track Dating
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer 1. Zahra is an archaeologist working at a site where some pottery remains were discovered. She’s thinking about how she wants to investigate these artifacts. Name two to three possible research approaches for Zahra. Ans: Student answers will vary. Zahra could concentrate on the characteristics of the clay and the manufacturing process for the pottery. She could also focus on the art motifs of the pottery and how they relate to the culture of the people who created them. Learning Objective: 2.1: Explain how archaeological research is used to answer questions about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Answering Questions Difficulty Level: Hard 2. What are some reasons why only a small number of once-living creatures are preserved in the fossil record? Ans: Many animals are killed by predators that scatter the bones. Scavengers, insects, bacteria, and weather destroy many of the remains left. Areas may not have the right conditions to fossilize remains. Learning Objective: 2.2: Define paleoanthropology and discuss what we can learn about the past from fossil evidence. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Fossils and Fossil Localities Difficulty Level: Hard 3. Why is it difficult for archaeologists to understand past cultures? Ans: Culture is nonmaterial because it refers to intangible aspects of human society that cannot be preserved archaeologically. However, archaeologists must understand past cultures through their physical traces. Learning Objective: 2.3: Discuss what the archaeological record can tell us about past societies. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Archaeological Research Difficulty Level: Medium 4. List at least two ways archaeologists can find archaeological sites. Ans: Student answers will vary. Examination of the ground surface may reveal exposed fossils, soil discolorations, or earth depressions that are clues for buried deposits. Geophysical surveys that use ground-based sensing methods can map archaeological features buried in the soil. Learning Objective: 2.4: Recall the basic techniques used to locate archaeological sites and fossil localities.
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Locating Sites and Fossil Localities Difficulty Level: Hard 5. Maya wants to use carbon-14 dating to find the age of a bone needle. Describe how she can do this. Ans: The decay of carbon-14 happens at a half-life of 5,730 years. If Maya measures the quantity of carbon-14 in the tool, she can determine the amount of time from when the organism died. Learning Objective: 2.6: Compare and contrast how archaeologists and paleoanthropologists date their discoveries. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: Radioactive Decay and Carbon-14 Dating Difficulty Level: Hard
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Chapter 3: Evolution Test Bank Multiple Choice 1. ______ are conceptual frameworks that present the universe as an orderly system. A. Values B. Rituals C. Cosmologies D. Beliefs Ans: C Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how cosmologies regarding human origins differ from scientific views of evolution. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Cosmologies and Human Origins Difficulty Level: Easy 2. What term refers to a spiritual source of passive, negative, and feminine force in the universe? A. yin B. yang C. Taoism D. mythology Ans: A Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how cosmologies regarding human origins differ from scientific views of evolution. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Cosmologies and Human Origins Difficulty Level: Easy 3. Which statement describes ancient Greek views on the evolution of humans? A. Zeus created the cosmos in 6 days. B. Yahweh made Adam and placed him in the garden of Eden. C. The gods made humans out of fire. D. Life originated in the sea and eventually moved onto dry land and evolved. Ans: D Learning Objective: 3.1: Explain how cosmologies regarding human origins differ from scientific views of evolution. Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Western Traditions of Origin
Scupin, Anthropology, 9e SAGE Publishing, 2021
Difficulty Level: Medium 4. What theoretical perspective sees plant and animal species as originating through gradual, natural processes? A. theory of biology B. theory of cosmos C. theory of evolution D. theory of anthropology Ans: C Learning Objective: 3.2: Discuss how the scientific revolution provided the context for the theory of evolution. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Scientific Revolution Difficulty Level: Medium 5. Which geological theory reasoned that the Earth has been created and destroyed multiple times? A. naturalism B. anthropology C. catastrophism D. uniformitarianism Ans: C Learning Objective: 3.2: Discuss how the scientific revolution provided the context for the theory of evolution. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Catastrophism Versus Uniformitarianism Difficulty Level: Medium 6. Which statement accurately describes the geological interpretation called uniformitarianism? A. Due to the successive replacement of fossil species, species are fixed and unchanging. B. The passages of the Bible represent a quick period of creation of the Earth. C. The Earth’s geological strata cannot be explained through an observable, natural process. D. The Earth changes through an observable, natural processes that transforms its features. Ans: D Learning Objective: 3.2: Discuss how the scientific revolution provided the context for the theory of evolution. Cognitive Domain: Application Answer Location: The Scientific Revolution Difficulty Level: Hard 7. In the mid-19th century, biologists like Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace studying living organisms were called ______. A. historians B. naturalists