Test Bank for Violence-The Enduring Problem 5th Edition by Alvarez, Bachman
ISBN: 9781071859193
Violence-The Enduring Problem (5th)
ISBN 9781071859193 | Chapter 1
Total Questions: 55
Multiple Choice (30)
Q1. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
The sociologist Jack Katz argues that many people who engage in crime see their violence as a form of ______.
a) aggression
b) righteous slaughter ✓ correct
c) brutalization
d) rage
Q2. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Some people suggest that legitimatizing violence leads to more ______ violence.
a) aggressive
b) justified
c) illegitimate ✓ correct
d) controlled
Q3. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The suggestion that legitimate forms of violence influence illegitimate forms of violence is known as the ______.
a) unity of human aggression
b) culture of honor
c) brutalization hypothesis
d) spillover theory ✓ correct
Q4. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Archer and Gartner found that most combatant nations exhibited ______ in their rates of homicide after a war.
a) substantial increases ✓ correct
b) gradual increases
c) decreases
d) no change
Q5. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Application
The mayor of Miami is worried that there have been more homicides recently. There have also been more executions. What could explain this?
a) brutalization hypothesis ✓ correct
b) unity of human aggression
c) culture of honor
d) National Crime Victimization Survey
Q6. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Many perpetrators of violence see themselves as being justified in their actions and define their acts as ______.
a) an illegitimate response on the part of their victim
b) a sanctioned response to ethical misbehavior on their part
c) a legitimate response to a breach on the part of their victim ✓ correct
d) making the world a better place by removing some people
Q7. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Our understanding of violence is shaped by many factors. According to the text, which of the following is a factor that helps shape our context of violence?
a) season
b) phase of the moon
c) location ✓ correct
d) time of day
Q8. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
According to Bartol and Bartol, violence refers to ______.
a) aggressive perceptive behavior
b) psychologically harmful behavior
c) an aggressive demeanor
d) aggressive physical behavior ✓ correct
Q9. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Application Carmela popped her boyfriend’s tire so that he would be unable to go out with his friends. This is an example of ______ violence.
a) institutional
b) structural
c) interpersonal
d) instrumental ✓ correct
Q10. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
What type of violence concerns acts with motivations that represent an emotional state, such as anger or jealousy?
a) structural
b) expressive ✓ correct
c) institutional
d) instrumental
Q11. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
What type of violence consists of assaults, rapes, robberies, and murders?
a) institutional
b) structural
c) interpersonal ✓ correct
d) expressive
Q12. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Application
There are some police departments which continue to have a culture of racist attitudes and practices. What type of violence would this be considered?
a) institutional ✓ correct
b) expressive
c) interpersonal
d) instrumental
Q13. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge ______ violence occurs when social institutions prevent people from getting their basic needs met.
a) Structural ✓ correct
b) Expressive
c) Interpersonal
d) Instrumental
Q14. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
How is the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) different from the Uniform Crime Report (UCR)?
a) Reports are based on voluntary participation of law enforcement agencies.
b) Information about both the victim and the offender are collected for homicides.
c) It includes more detailed information on all crime incidents. ✓ correct
d) Only state law enforcement agencies participate in reporting.
Q15. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Similar to the United States’ UCR, England and Wales have a similar program for which they measure crimes that have been reported to the police, known as the ______.
a) police reported crime (PRC) ✓ correct
b) English Crime Reports (ECR)
c) Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR)
d) European Incident-Based Reporting System (EIBRS)
Q16. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
It is estimated that approximately ______ percent of crimes are reported to police.
a) 10
b) 25
c) 45 ✓ correct
d) 70
Q17. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Application
If you were a researcher trying to determine the nature and extent of intimate partner violence by region of the U.S., which dataset would be the best to use?
a) UCR
b) NIBRS
c) NISVS
d) NCVS ✓ correct
Q18. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
If a researcher was studying victimization in the U.S., and the one city they sampled was unusually safe or uncommonly dangerous, how would they avoid their results being thrown off?
a) interview the entire population of U.S. households
b) choose another, less swayed, location
c) use random selection to draw a sample of households ✓ correct
d) use official police reports for more accuracy
Q19. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Application
Which of the following is an example of random selection?
a) A person reaches into a hat to choose the winner of a raffle. ✓ correct
b) A person contacts experts on a subject to provide their opinion.
c) A researcher uses a list of people on a hockey team to find subjects.
d) A researcher uses a college class as subjects for the study.
Q20. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Which instrument provides national estimates of lifetime and recent rates of intimate partner violence and sexual violence?
a) National Crime Victimization Survey
b) National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
c) National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey ✓ correct
d) National Incident-Based Reporting System
Q21. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
What type of data collection is most useful for learning about offending behavior?
a) focus groups
b) survey methodology ✓ correct
c) official crime reports
d) courtroom observations
Q22. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Which of the following instruments is an ongoing survey that gathers offending data on people born in the years 1980–1984?
a) National Longitudinal Survey of Youth ✓ correct
b) National Crime Victimization Survey
c) National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey
d) National Incident-Based Reporting System
Q23. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
What is the extent to which we are actually measuring what we think we are?
a) self-reporting
b) sampling
c) reliability
d) validity ✓ correct
Q24. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
What is true related to race and ethnicity in criminal justice datasets?
a) Criminal justice datasets do not ask about race or ethnicity.
b) Most criminal justice datasets ask if someone is “white” or “not white.”
c) Categories of race and ethnicities are complex in criminal justice datasets. ✓ correct
d) Most criminal justice datasets ask about race but not ethnicity.
Q25. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Violent crimes in the United States ______ in the early 1990s and have ______ since that time.
a) peaked; generally declined ✓ correct
b) peaked; continued to climb c) dropped; risen sharply d) dropped; risen at a slow rate
Q26. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Enjoying violent video and computer games or watching violent sporting events ______.
a) leads to psychopathic tendencies
b) is an example of experiencing violence vicariously ✓ correct
c) is becoming less common
d) makes one more vulnerable to direct victimization
Q27. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
According to Wolfgang and Ferracuti, ______ suggests that members of some groups are more likely to rely on violence.
a) institutional violence
b) the unity of human aggression
c) subcultures of violence ✓ correct
d) the brutalization hypothesis
Q28. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Subcultures of violence have been characterized as being cultures of ______.
a) unity
b) honor ✓ correct
c) brutalization
d) aggression
Q29. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Application
Women around the world suffer violence at the hands of male relatives if they have shamed their family. This type of violence occurs as a result of ______.
a) the brutalization hypothesis
b) the spillover theory
c) unity of human aggression
d) a culture of honor ✓ correct
Q30. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
One study of newspaper reporting found that around ______ percent of homicides received the vast majority of all media attention.
a) 5 ✓ correct
b) 15
c) 30
d) 40
True/False (20)
Q31. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Most people recognize that their violence is unjustified.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q32. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
People who engage in violence undergo a process in which perceived happiness transforms into rage that culminates into violence.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q33. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The spillover hypothesis argues that states which sentence the greatest number of people to death have the highest rates of homicide.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q34. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Research suggesting that children who are spanked are more likely to be aggressive as adults is an example of the spillover hypothesis.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q35. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Collective violence refers to interpersonal violence with a large number of perpetrators and victims.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q36. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
The term violence usually evokes powerful emotions.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q37. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
The type of violence affects influences how we define specific acts.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q38. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Research indicates that Canadians judge acts of violence similarly as Americans.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q39. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Violence is about injuring, damaging, and destroying.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q40. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Instrumental violence is motivated by emotions such as rage and jealousy.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q41. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Rapes and robberies are considered institutional violence.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q42. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Structural violence is about inequality and discrimination that can be construed as violence.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q43. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Relying on police reports can be problematic.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q44. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The Uniform Crime Reporting Program is based on the mandatory participation of law enforcement agencies across the United States.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q45. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge NIRBS is a statistical division that handles surveys which measure national rates of crime victimization.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q46. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is a self-report survey in which people are interviewed about their offending patterns.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q47. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Twelve-month prevalence rates provide information about the proportion a population who have ever experienced victimization.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q48. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is a survey of victimization among youth.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q49. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
U.S. murder rates are higher than in other Western industrialized countries.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q50. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Violence is embedded in American values and attitudes.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Essay (5)
Q51. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Explain what is meant by the brutalization hypothesis.
Suggested answer: Sample response: There is evidence that the death penalty may not deter crime and may actually increase homicide levels in areas where executions occur. This observation is based on the notion that violence begets violence and is referred to as the brutalization hypothesis. This hypothesis contends that the death penalty may actually cause an increase in murders because it reinforces the use of violence.
Q52. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Explain why defining violence is so difficult.
Suggested answer: Sample response: There are many reasons why it is so difficult to define violence. For one, people understand violence in their own way. It is based on their individual history and the context of their life. Furthermore, many people often only use the term “violence” to refer to physical acts of aggression, but it can also include emotional and psychological acts. In addition, some people only see violence as acts committed by people, while others recognize that natural disasters can also be violent.
Q53. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Application
Provide a scenario and explain the circumstances where the actions could be perceived as violent behavior versus nonviolent behavior.
Suggested answer: Sample response: In the first scenario, assume an individual gets hit by a car. Things to consider would be if the act was intentional (violent) or unintentional (nonviolent) or whether the driver was following traffic laws (nonviolent) or not (violent).
Q54. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Explain the strengths and weaknesses of the Uniform Crime Report and the National Crime Victimization Survey.
Suggested answer: Sample response: The strength of the UCR is that it has collected information about criminal incidents reported to the police since 1930, providing trends over place and time. Moreover, a lot of agencies participate, so there is high coverage. Some weaknesses are that measurements may not always be accurate because it only considers crimes to the police. Moreover, police may underestimate crime for political reasons. Furthermore, the UCR only counts the most serious crime that occurred at an incident.Some strengths of the NCVS include measuring unreported crime, providing victimization rates over time, and gathering additional information related to victimizations. Some of the weaknesses of the NCVS include that it only includes data on households—therefore, victimizations that occur in business are not included, nor are those that occur among people experiencing homelessness. It also only includes victimizations of people 12 years and older, neglecting victimizations of younger people.
Q55. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
What information do self-reported data sets provide about criminal behavior that is not captured by official data sets on crime? Why are these studies important in providing an accurate picture of criminal offending?
Suggested answer: Sample response: Official data sets involve data from official sources, usually arrest data. Although these data sets allow for a partial picture of crime, self-report studies can add additional information that is not captured by those data sets. Self-report studies allow us to see criminal behaviors that have not been officially reported. These data can be used to identify at-risk populations, provide details about particular populations, and shed light on potential prevention or intervention techniques to criminal offending. Longitudinal self-report studies also allow for offending behaviors to be studied over a period of time with the same individuals.