Test Bank for Victimology 3rd Edition
by Daigle
ISBN: 9781071919705
Victimology (3rd)
ISBN 9781071919705 | Chapter 1
Total Questions: 45
Multiple Choice (25)
Q1. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Who coined the term “victimology”?
a) Hans von Hentig
b) Stephen Schaefer
c) Marvin Wolfgang
d) Benjamin Mendelsohn ✓ correct
Q2. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
The ______ collaborates with both individual countries and the United Nations to advance research, services, and awareness for victims.
a) National Organization for Victim Assistance
b) Federal Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
c) World Society of Victimology ✓ correct
d) National Crime Survey
Q3. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge ______ principle suggests that retribution is the key to justice.
a) Habeas corpus
b) Modus operandi
c) Mens rea
d) Lex talionis ✓ correct
Q4. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Which type of victim culpability suggests that an irresponsible act by a victim was taken advantage of by an offender?
a) victim precipitation
b) victim facilitation ✓ correct
c) victim provocation
d) victim culpability
Q5. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Victimology is the study of ______.
a) the etiology of victimization
b) consequences of victimization
c) how the criminal justice system accommodates and assists victims
d) all of these ✓ correct
Q6. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Which theorist suggested that victims and offenders needed to be considered in a dyad in order to fully understand victimization?
a) Hans von Hentig ✓ correct
b) Stephen Schaefer
c) Marvin Wolfgang
d) Benjamin Mendelsohn
Q7. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
What percentage of homicides did Marvin Wolfgang discover were precipitated by victims?
a) 5%
b) 11%
c) 26% ✓ correct
d) 34%
Q8. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
In what year was the first National Crime Survey conducted?
a) 1957
b) 1966 ✓ correct
c) 1981
d) 1992
Q9. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Two of the first three victim assistance programs focused on ______.
a) domestic violence
b) child victimization
c) homicide survivors
d) rape ✓ correct
Q10. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Which of the following items wasnota critical victimological development of the women’s movement?
a) Victimization could be emotionally harmful.
b) The criminal justice revictimized victims.
c) Women used alcohol and drugs as self medication techniques to deal with rape. ✓ correct
d) The volunteer movement was huge so grassroots organizations could stay open longer.
Q11. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Which movement identified that both offenders and victims were mistreated by the criminal justice system?
a) Law and Order Movement
b) Civil Rights Movement ✓ correct
c) Women’s Movement
d) Children’s Movement
Q12. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Which organization was an outgrowth of the Victims of Crime Act of 1984?
a) National Organization for Victim Assistance (NOVA)
b) National Center for Victims of Crime (NCVC)
c) Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) ✓ correct
d) National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC)
Q13. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
What 1980 study led to recommendations to improve services to crime victims for criminal justice personnel, the medical community, the social service and victim advocacy communities, and other agencies that worked with victims?
a) Victim of Crime Study
b) Justice for All Study
c) New Directions in the Field Study
d) President’s Task Force on Victims of Crime Study ✓ correct
Q14. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Which programs are responsible for notifying victims of court proceedings and providing guidance during the court process?
a) victim advocacy agencies
b) victim/witness assistance programs ✓ correct
c) courtroom companionship agencies
d) grassroots agencies
Q15. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge ______ is the name for individuals who are affected by the victimization of a loved one.
a) Vicarious victims
b) Indirect victims
c) Secondary victims ✓ correct
d) Pseudo victims
Q16. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The Violence Against Women Act was enacted in which year?
a) 1980
b) 1984
c) 1994 ✓ correct
d) 2001
Q17. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
The cost of victimization may include ______.
a) the cost of stolen or damaged property
b) the costs of receiving treatment at the emergency room
c) monies spent to assist crime victims
d) all of these ✓ correct
Q18. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Which early Babylonian code required that equity be restored between the offender and the victim?
a) Code of Hammurabi ✓ correct
b) lex talionis
c) Roman Principles
d) Code of Athens
Q19. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge When victims were the focus of the justice “system,” which two principles guided most proceedings when an offender was determined guilty?
a) rehabilitation and community service
b) retribution and restitution ✓ correct
c) restoration and restitution
d) deterrence and rehabilitation
Q20. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The Women’s Movement also brought attention to ______.
a) animals
b) victims of state sponsored crime
c) families of “victimless” crime offenders
d) children ✓ correct
Q21. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Victimologists use the scientific method to answer questions about ______.
a) offenders
b) abusers
c) victims ✓ correct
d) all of these
Q22. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Menachem Amir found that rapes were likely to involve ______.
a) alcohol ✓ correct
b) coercion
c) abuse
d) injury
Q23. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Amir’s study was quite controversial. It was attacked for ______.
a) his assertion that no further studies were needed
b) not using the scientific method
c) using a small sample size
d) blaming victims, namely women ✓ correct
Q24. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Application
Alaina is a nine year old child who is sexually assaulted by her neighbor in 1981. She reports this assault to her parents, who in turn report it to the police. The success of the ______ mean that Alaina will be treated as a victim in need of help and given access to crisis services for rape victims.
a) LGBTQ movement
b) civil rights’ movement
c) women’s movement ✓ correct
d) Victims of Crime Act
Q25. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Domestic violence shelters and rape crisis centers started appearing in the ______.
a) 1960s
b) 1970s ✓ correct
c) 1980s
d) 1990s
True/False (15)
Q26. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Victimology is considered a subfield of psychology.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q27. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
An individual enters a home with the intent to burglarize it. He is shot. This would be considered victim provocation.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q28. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Marvin Wolfgang found that for victim precipitated homicides, victims oftentimes knew the offender. a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q29. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The National Crime Survey shed light on how much crime wasnotreported to law enforcement. a) True ✓ correct b) False
Correct answer: True
Q30. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
New York was the first state to implement a crime victims’ compensation program. a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q31. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge California was the first state to implement a Victims’ Bill of Rights.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q32. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
The costs of crime are limited to tangible costs such as medical bills, loss of property, and so on.
a) True b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q33. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Menachem Amir empirically studied victim precipitation in rape and sexual assaults. a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q34. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Feminists were concerned with how female victims were treated by the criminal justice system and pushed for victims of rape and domestic violence to receive special care and services.
a) True ✓ correct b) False
Correct answer: True
Q35. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Most victims only suffer a single victimization. a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q36. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Many persons who are victimized by crime do not report their experiences to the police.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q37. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Many police departments and prosecutors’ offices offer victim assistance programs through which victims can receive information about available services.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q38. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Although the offender is ultimately responsible for crime victimization, it is difficult to change offender behavior.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q39. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Victim precipitation is defined as the extent to which a victim is responsible for his or her own victimization.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q40. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Marvin Wolfgang argued that crime victims could be placed into 1 of the 13 categories based on their propensity for victimization.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Essay (5)
Q41. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
What are the similarities and differences between criminology and victimology?
Suggested answer: Sample response: In criminology, one studies criminals—what they do, why they do it, and how the criminal justice system responds to them. In victimology, one studies crime victims—the causes of victimization, consequences of victimization, and how the criminal justice system deals with victims. Additionally, victimologists explore how others, including the media, also deal with crime victims. Both fields of study use the scientific method to explore their groups and neither would be able to fully understand itself without considering the impact of the other. Victimology is considered a subfield of criminology.
Q42. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
How did the “father of criminology” classify crime victims?
Suggested answer: Sample response: Benjamin Mendelsohn had six levels of victim culpability when studying crime victims. The completely innocent victim is one who is not responsible at all for the offense. The victim with minor guilt is one who acts irresponsibly and places himself in harm’s way inadvertently. The victim who was as guilty as the offender or was a voluntary victim is a victim who is just as responsible as an offender for a crime. The victim who was more guilty than the offender is the one who provokes an incident to occur. The most guilty victim is one who perpetrates a crime and is harmed in the process. The simulating or imaginary victim is one who has not been victimized but instead fabricates an incident.
Q43. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
How are the 1980 President’s Task Force on Victims of Crime and the 1998New Directions From the Field: Victims’ Rights and Services for the 21st Centuryrelated to each other?
Suggested answer: Sample response: New Directions from the Field is a follow-up on the President’s Task Force on Victims of Crime. The purpose of New Directions was to see what recommendations were followed from the 1980 report and to identify areas that still needed improvement. The New Directions From the Field: Victims’ Rights and Services for the 21st Century identified some 250 new recommendations for victims’ rights, victim advocacy, and services
Q44. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Why is the work of Hans von Hentig important in the study of victimology?
Suggested answer: Sample response: He attempted to identify the characteristics of a victim that may effectively serve to increase victimization risk. He considered that victims may provoke victimization—acting as agents provocateurs—based on their characteristics. He argued that crime victims could be placed into 1 of the 13 categories based on their propensity for victimization: (1) young, (2) females, (3) old, (4) immigrants, (5) depressed, (6) mentally defective/deranged, (7) the acquisitive, (8) dull normals, (9) minorities, (10) wanton, (11) the lonesome and heartbroken, (12) tormentor, and (13) the blocked, exempted, and fighting. All these victims are targeted and contribute to their own victimization because of their characteristics.
Q45. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
What are the three key developments that arose from the Women’s Movement?
Suggested answer: Sample response: First, the movement brought awareness that victimization often entails emotional and mental harm, even in the absence of physical injury. To address this harm, counseling for victims was advocated. Second, the criminal justice system was no longer relied on to provide victims with assistance in rebuilding their lives; thus additional victimization by the criminal justice system could be lessened or avoided altogether. Third, because these shelters and centers relied largely on volunteers, services were able to run and stay open without significant budgetary support.