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Test Bank for Statistics With Humans 1st Edition by Jacobs ISBN: 9781544317076

Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank

Statistics With Humans (1st) ISBN 9781544317076 | Chapter 1: Jacobs 1e – Total Questions: 84

Multiple Answer (49) Q1. [Multiple Answer]

Qualitative data is information that is represented by ______. a) numbers ✓ correct b) words ✓ correct c) visuals ✓ correct d) mixed methods ✓ correct Q2. [Multiple Answer]

A scholar is gathering information about different people’s experiences in higher education based on their background. The scholar is conducting what type of research? a) qualitative ✓ correct b) quantitative ✓ correct c) generalized ✓ correct d) mixed methods ✓ correct Q3. [Multiple Answer]

A collection of quantitative data is also referred to as ______. a) sampling ✓ correct b) measurement ✓ correct c) mixed methods ✓ correct d) a data set ✓ correct Q4. [Multiple Answer]

A scholar combining qualitative and quantitative tools is conducting what type of research? a) mixed methods ✓ correct b) nominal ✓ correct c) random sampling ✓ correct d) reliability ✓ correct Q5. [Multiple Answer]

Statistics is primarily concerned with ______ data. a) mixed methods ✓ correct b) qualitative ✓ correct c) quantitative ✓ correct d) sampling ✓ correct Q6. [Multiple Answer]

What do we call the people who take part in a research study? a) participants ✓ correct b) individuals ✓ correct c) the pool ✓ correct d) the population ✓ correct

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Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank

Q7. [Multiple Answer]

What are the two major branches of statistics? a) generalized and nominal ✓ correct b) descriptive and inferential ✓ correct c) nominal and descriptive ✓ correct d) generalized and inferential ✓ correct Q8. [Multiple Answer]

What is a data set where one or more numbers describe it? a) convenience sampling ✓ correct b) inferential statistics ✓ correct c) snowball sampling ✓ correct d) descriptive statistics ✓ correct Q9. [Multiple Answer]

A scholar attempting to answer research questions would use ______. a) inferential statistics ✓ correct b) descriptive statistics ✓ correct c) measures of distribution ✓ correct d) measures of central tendency ✓ correct Q10. [Multiple Answer]

Every single case with a certain characteristic is referred to as a ______. a) measurement ✓ correct b) sample ✓ correct c) population ✓ correct d) participant ✓ correct Q11. [Multiple Answer]

What is the symbol that refers to the population size (i.e., how many participants are in the population being studied)? a) N ✓ correct b) S ✓ correct c) n ✓ correct d) s ✓ correct Q12. [Multiple Answer]

How do researchers make predictions about what is happening in a broader population? a) study the entire population ✓ correct b) by studying a smaller portion of a population called a sample ✓ correct c) break the population into intervals ✓ correct d) create a ratio of the population to study ✓ correct Q13. [Multiple Answer]

What is the symbol that refers to the sample size (i.e., how many participants are in the sample being studied)? a) n ✓ correct b) s ✓ correct c) N ✓ correct d) S ✓ correct

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Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank

Q14. [Multiple Answer]

What branch of statistics takes a sample of participants to make conclusions about the larger population? a) nominal ✓ correct b) ordinal ✓ correct c) inferential ✓ correct d) descriptive ✓ correct Q15. [Multiple Answer]

What is it called when a researcher applies findings from a sample to the overall population? a) generalization ✓ correct b) sampling ✓ correct c) measuring ✓ correct d) inferring ✓ correct Q16. [Multiple Answer]

If we found the mean number of cruises taken by people living in Florida, what type of statistics would it be? a) nominal ✓ correct b) ordinal ✓ correct c) inferential ✓ correct d) descriptive ✓ correct Q17. [Multiple Answer]

What is the process of selecting a representative group within a population called? a) generalizing ✓ correct b) describing ✓ correct c) sampling ✓ correct d) measuring ✓ correct Q18. [Multiple Answer]

A sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample is referred to as ______ sampling. a) random ✓ correct b) convenience ✓ correct c) snowball ✓ correct d) ratio ✓ correct Q19. [Multiple Answer]

Which type of sampling is considered the gold standard of sampling methods? a) convenience ✓ correct b) random ✓ correct c) snowball ✓ correct d) measuring ✓ correct

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Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank

Q20. [Multiple Answer]

Which type of sampling occurs most frequently? a) interval ✓ correct b) snowball ✓ correct c) random ✓ correct d) convenience ✓ correct Q21. [Multiple Answer]

A college professor is studying the effects of caffeine consumption on people’s ability to focus. She uses a sample of college students at her own university to conduct this study. She is engaging in ______ sampling. a) local ✓ correct b) convenience ✓ correct c) random ✓ correct d) snowball ✓ correct Q22. [Multiple Answer]

The main problem of convenience sampling is that it ______. a) limits generalization ✓ correct b) is not accessible ✓ correct c) is expensive ✓ correct d) lacks validity ✓ correct Q23. [Multiple Answer]

______ sampling is a method where participants in a research study help recruit additional participants. a) convenience ✓ correct b) participant ✓ correct c) snowball ✓ correct d) random ✓ correct Q24. [Multiple Answer]

What type of sampling is a researcher using if they have a computer select 100 employees from a company’s database? a) snowball ✓ correct b) convenience ✓ correct c) random ✓ correct d) participant ✓ correct Q25. [Multiple Answer]

What type of sampling is someone using if they post a Facebook poll asking their friends if they voted in the latest local election? a) convenience ✓ correct b) snowball ✓ correct c) local ✓ correct d) random ✓ correct

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Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank

Q26. [Multiple Answer]

Ava is studying the effect that smoking breaks have on worker productivity, but she needs to find more participants who smoke. She asks the participants she already has to recruit their coworkers whom they take the smoking breaks with. What type of sampling is Ava using? a) participant ✓ correct b) snowball ✓ correct c) random ✓ correct d) convenience ✓ correct Q27. [Multiple Answer]

What are the four main levels of measurement? a) interval, ratio, sampling, descriptive ✓ correct b) nominal, ordinal, qualitative, quantitative ✓ correct c) qualitative, quantitative, sampling, descriptive ✓ correct d) nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio ✓ correct Q28. [Multiple Answer]

Levels of measurement refer to ______ data. a) quantitative ✓ correct b) erroneous ✓ correct c) qualitative ✓ correct d) population ✓ correct Q29. [Multiple Answer]

The level of measurement describes how much ______. a) variance exists in the data ✓ correct b) information the data we collected tells us ✓ correct c) validity we can ascribe to the data ✓ correct d) random error is in the data ✓ correct Q30. [Multiple Answer]

The process of converting information into numbers is referred to as ______. a) mixed methods research ✓ correct b) validity ✓ correct c) sampling ✓ correct d) measurement ✓ correct Q31. [Multiple Answer]

Levels of measurement are ______. a) hierarchical ✓ correct b) linear ✓ correct c) averages ✓ correct d) confounding ✓ correct Q32. [Multiple Answer]

The ______ we get on a level of measurement, the more we know about the data. a) more to the right ✓ correct b) more to the left ✓ correct c) higher ✓ correct d) lower ✓ correct

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Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank

Q33. [Multiple Answer]

What is the most basic level of measurement? a) nominal ✓ correct b) ordinal ✓ correct c) interval ✓ correct d) ratio ✓ correct Q34. [Multiple Answer]

With a nominal measurement, ______ are used to represent categories. a) measures ✓ correct b) numbers ✓ correct c) ratios ✓ correct d) intervals ✓ correct Q35. [Multiple Answer]

What level of measurement would your political party affiliation be if 1= Democrat, 2= Republican, 3= Independent, and 4= Unaffiliated? a) ordinal ✓ correct b) ratio ✓ correct c) interval ✓ correct d) nominal ✓ correct Q36. [Multiple Answer]

What level of measurement assigns a number to represent some sort of order? a) ordinal ✓ correct b) nominal ✓ correct c) interval ✓ correct d) ratio ✓ correct Q37. [Multiple Answer]

What level of measurement would be used to describe the top-most populated cities? a) interval ✓ correct b) ratio ✓ correct c) ordinal ✓ correct d) nominal ✓ correct Q38. [Multiple Answer]

In what level of measurement is there an equal distance between the data points and an arbitrary 0? a) interval ✓ correct b) ordinal ✓ correct c) ratio ✓ correct d) nominal ✓ correct

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Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank

Q39. [Multiple Answer]

In what level of measurement is there an equal distance between the data points and a meaningful 0? a) nominal ✓ correct b) ratio ✓ correct c) interval ✓ correct d) ordinal ✓ correct Q40. [Multiple Answer]

What level of measurement is a GPA? a) ratio ✓ correct b) nominal ✓ correct c) ordinal ✓ correct d) interval ✓ correct Q41. [Multiple Answer]

A scale is another name for data on a(n) ______ or ______ level of measurement. a) ratio ✓ correct b) nominal ✓ correct c) interval ✓ correct d) ordinal ✓ correct Q42. [Multiple Answer]

______ is the consistency of a measure. a) nominal; ordinal ✓ correct b) ratio; nominal ✓ correct c) interval; ratio ✓ correct d) ordinal; interval ✓ correct Q43. [Multiple Answer]

______ is when a measure assesses what it is intended to assess. a) reliability ✓ correct b) validity ✓ correct c) true score ✓ correct d) ratio ✓ correct Q44. [Multiple Answer]

The ______ variable is the grouping variable in a research study. a) true score ✓ correct b) generalization ✓ correct c) validity ✓ correct d) reliability ✓ correct Q45. [Multiple Answer]

The ______ variable is the variable being measured in a research study. a) ordinal ✓ correct b) nominal ✓ correct c) dependent ✓ correct d) independent ✓ correct

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Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank

Q46. [Multiple Answer]

A ______ research design is when there are different participants in each level of the independent variable. a) independent ✓ correct b) dependent ✓ correct c) ordinal ✓ correct d) nominal ✓ correct Q47. [Multiple Answer]

A research study in which there are the same participants in each level of the independent variable would be considered a ______ research design. a) between-groups ✓ correct b) matched-groups ✓ correct c) repeated measures ✓ correct d) within-group ✓ correct Q48. [Multiple Answer]

A research study in which all participants are measured on some potential confounding variable and then are made to have approximately the same amount is considered a ______ research design. a) matched-groups ✓ correct b) within-group ✓ correct c) bivariate ✓ correct d) repeated ✓ correct Q49. [Multiple Answer]

What type of research design would it be if we asked participants to tell us how many vacations they took in the past year and how much money they earned in the same year? a) matched-groups ✓ correct b) bivariate ✓ correct c) within-group ✓ correct d) between-groups ✓ correct Essay (5) Q50. [Essay]

Describe both qualitative and quantitative research and their associated strengths and weaknesses. Suggested answer: Sample response: Qualitative data is information that is represented by words. A researcher asks questions that lead to details about human experiences. Qualitative research often provides details surrounding a human perspective, but critics contend this type of research can be biased and subjective. Quantitative data is information that is represented by numbers. Statistics is primarily composed of quantitative data. Quantitative research is often more objective than qualitative research, but critics of quantitative research argue that it fails to provide context. Q51. [Essay]

Provide an example of an inferential statistics study. Describe how you would construct the study. Suggested answer: Sample response: Imagine we want to see if there is a significant relationship between household income and college graduation rates in the U.S. To test this idea, we would take a random sample of graduating students at various universities. We would account for the household income of each participant. We would then apply what we learned from the sample to the entire population of U.S. college graduates.

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Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank

Q52. [Essay]

Explain the three different types of sampling procedures. Suggested answer: Sample response: There are three types of sampling procedures: random sampling, convenience sampling, and snowball sampling. Random sampling is a method by which each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample. As such, random sampling is considered the gold standard of sampling methods. Convenience sampling is a method where a researcher selects the sample due to easy access. This method is often used at universities because college professors can conveniently recruit college students. The last method of sampling, snowball sampling, is when participants in the study enlist additional participants. This method provides researchers with participants whom they may normally have difficulty accessing. Q53. [Essay]

Explain the four main types of levels of measurement of quantitative data. Suggested answer: Sample response: There are four main types of labels given to quantitative data: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Nominal, the most basic level of measurement, uses numbers to represent categories. A common example of nominal data includes the survey question of political party affiliation, where 1= Democrat, 2= Republican, 3= Independent, and 4= Unaffiliated. In the ordinal level of measurement, numbers are assigned to represent some sort of order, but ordinal data does not tell us the distance between the data points. The most populated cities in the U.S. could be represented by ordinal measurement, where 1 = New York, 2 = Los Angeles, and 3 = Chicago. In the interval level of measurement, there is an equal distance between the data points, and the 0 is an arbitrary point on the scale. A common example of an interval level of measurement is temperature degrees in Fahrenheit or Celsius. In the final level of measurement, ratio, the distances between data points are equally spaced, but the 0 means the lack of the attribute or quality being measured. Common examples of the ratio level of measurement is height or weight. Q54. [Essay]

Provide an example of a bivariate research design. Describe how you would construct the study. Suggested answer: Sample response: A bivariate research design is where we ask participants to provide us information on two variables. For example, if we wanted to examine if there was a relationship between income and political party affiliation, we would design a study with a bivariate research design. To achieve this, we would take a sample of registered voters and ask each of the participants to report their income and political party affiliation.

Either/Or (30) Q55. [Either/Or]

Critics of qualitative research say it can fail to provide context, while critics of quantitative research argue it can be biased and subjective. a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct Q56. [Either/Or]

Qualitative data is information that is represented by statistics. a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct Q57. [Either/Or]

Quantitative data is information that is represented by numbers. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q58. [Either/Or]

A scholar combining qualitative and quantitative tools is conducting mixed-methods research. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false

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Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank

Q59. [Either/Or]

A researcher gathering information about human emotions through interviewing participants is conducting qualitative research. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q60. [Either/Or]

A collection of quantitative data is also referred to as a data set. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q61. [Either/Or]

People who take part in a research study are referred to as the population. a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct Q62. [Either/Or]

The two major branches of statistics are descriptive and nominal. a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct Q63. [Either/Or]

The symbolnrefers to the population size (i.e., how many participants are in the population being studied). a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct Q64. [Either/Or]

A data set in which one or more numbers describe it is considered descriptive statistics. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q65. [Either/Or]

Every single case with a certain characteristic is referred to as a population. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q66. [Either/Or]

Applying findings from a sample to the overall population is referred to as reliability. a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct Q67. [Either/Or]

The process of selecting a representative group within a population is called sampling. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q68. [Either/Or]

Interval sampling is often called the gold standard of sampling. a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct Page 10

Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank

Q69. [Either/Or]

A sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample is referred to as ratio sampling. a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct Q70. [Either/Or]

Snowball sampling is a method where participants in a research study help recruit additional participants. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q71. [Either/Or]

Convenience sampling occurs most frequently. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q72. [Either/Or]

The main problem of convenience sampling is that it limits generalization. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q73. [Either/Or]

The process of converting information into numbers is referred to as measurement. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q74. [Either/Or]

Ordinal is the most basic level of measurement. a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct Q75. [Either/Or]

Numbers are used to represent categories with a nominal measurement. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q76. [Either/Or]

In a ratio level of measurement, there is an equal distance between the data points and a meaningful 0. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q77. [Either/Or]

Shoe size is an example of an interval level of measurement. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q78. [Either/Or]

Validity is the consistency of a measure. a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct

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Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank

Q79. [Either/Or]

The independent variable is the variable being measured in a research study. a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct Q80. [Either/Or]

A research study in which there are the same participants in each level of the independent variable is called a matched-groups research design. a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct Q81. [Either/Or]

A study in which participants were asked to report their earnings and number of cars owned is considered to have a bivariate research design. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q82. [Either/Or]

In a between-groups research design, there are different participants in each level of the independent variable. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q83. [Either/Or]

A pretest-posttest study, where a teacher gives a class tests both before and after a lesson, is an example of a repeated measures design. a) true_false.true ✓ correct b) true_false.false Q84. [Either/Or]

A within-group research design is where all participants are measured on some potential confounding variable and then are made to have approximately the same amount. a) true_false.true b) true_false.false ✓ correct

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Statistics With Humans 1e Jacobs Test Bank