Test Bank for Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9th Edition by Healey, Stepnick ISBN: 9781071839959
Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Race Ethnicity Gender and Class (9th) ISBN 9781071839959 | Chapter 1: Diversity in the United States: Questions and Concepts Total Questions: 80
Easy Multiple Choice (19) Q1. [Multiple Choice]
The two groups projected to increase in size most dramatically in the United States over the next half century are _____. a) Asian and Pacific Islanders and Hispanic Americans ✓ correct b) non-Hispanic White Americans and African Americans c) Irish Americans and Eastern Europeans d) African Americans and Hispanic Americans Q2. [Multiple Choice]
Stratification is another term for ______. a) prejudice based on geographic location b) discrimination according to group membership c) the unequal distribution of valued resource ✓ correct d) status symbols aligned with shared class values Q3. [Multiple Choice]
Societies are divided into horizontal layers (or strata) often called ______. a) levels of importance b) social classes ✓ correct c) horizontal layers d) social tiers Q4. [Multiple Choice]
Marxism is a theory of history and social change in which ______ is a central concern. a) inequality ✓ correct b) prejudice c) fame d) international war Q5. [Multiple Choice]
Intersectionality stresses the linked ______ in a society. a) subordination b) inequalities c) identities ✓ correct d) discrimination Q6. [Multiple Choice]
Gerhard Lenski linked the nature of inequality to the ______ of a society. a) group structure b) amount of prestige c) wealth d) level of development ✓ correct
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Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Q7. [Multiple Choice]
The United States is often referred to as a(n) ______. a) postindustrial society ✓ correct b) industrial society c) preindustrial agricultural society d) historic society Q8. [Multiple Choice]
Stages of evolution of a society’s evolution, including agrarian, industrial, and postindustrial are referred to as ______. a) the level of development ✓ correct b) the level of subsistence c) the level of institutionalization d) the level of socialization Q9. [Multiple Choice]
In Western Europe, scientific and philosophical interest in the concept of race began ______. a) in the 1920s when IQ tests first appeared b) during the age of European conquest and colonization ✓ correct c) just after the American Civil War d) thousands of years ago when the Vikings reached North America Q10. [Multiple Choice]
Which theorist is most likely to identify an individual’s relationship to inequality as a complicated system of one’s various statuses combining and contrasting with each other? a) Karl Marx b) Patricia Hill Collins ✓ correct c) Max Weber d) Gerhard Leski Q11. [Multiple Choice]
Societies where men have more control than women over the economy and hold leadership positions in religion, politics, and other institutions are ______. a) paternalistic b) patrilineal c) patriarchal ✓ correct d) patrifocal Q12. [Multiple Choice]
Minority group status affects access to different “life chances,” health, wealth, and success including ______. a) romantic relationships b) physical fitness c) quality of friendships d) access to education ✓ correct Q13. [Multiple Choice]
Social scientists see race as a ______. a) social barrier b) social construction ✓ correct c) social illustration d) social class
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Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Q14. [Multiple Choice]
The “feeling” aspect of prejudice is called the ______ dimension. a) affective ✓ correct b) emotional c) behavioral d) cognitive Q15. [Multiple Choice]
When the unequal treatment of an entire group is built into the daily operation of society, this is called ______. a) institutional discrimination ✓ correct b) cultural bias c) systemic racism d) societal prejudice Q16. [Multiple Choice]
The unequal treatment of a group or individual based on his or her group membership is ______. a) institutional prejudice b) discrimination ✓ correct c) racist stereotyping d) prejudicial racism Q17. [Multiple Choice]
Whichof the following could be considered the current racial and cultural majority in the United States? a) the overweight b) the aged c) LGBTQ individuals d) Whites ✓ correct Q18. [Multiple Choice]
The dynamics of ______ relations in the United States are similar to those relations in many other parts of the world. a) outergroup b) dual-groups c) triads d) intergroups ✓ correct Q19. [Multiple Choice]
Migrants have moved to more ______ crossing routes to get to southern Arizona. a) time-saving b) public c) dangerous ✓ correct d) individual True/False (5) Q20. [True/False]
Stratification is a basic feature of society. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True
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Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Q21. [True/False]
In the United States, minority group status has been and continues to be one of the most important determinants of health, wealth, and success. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True Q22. [True/False]
Minority groups are disadvantaged usually as the result of the actions of another group or groups who benefit from the arrangement. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True Q23. [True/False]
Sexism is primarily considered to be individual-level behavior, where people use stereotypes to make personal attacks against women. a) True b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False Q24. [True/False]
One of the major contributors to immigration into the United States is the privileged position that minority groups hold in terms of acceptance and opportunity. a) True b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False
Medium Multiple Choice (34) Q25. [Multiple Choice]
The population of the United States is currently _____. a) affected by long-standing unresolved minority issues ✓ correct b) affected by low immigration rates c) less diverse than the past d) limited to three main languages Q26. [Multiple Choice]
The largest minority group in the United States is ______. a) Asian and Pacific Islanders b) African Americans c) Hispanics ✓ correct d) native Americans Q27. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following would be classified as primarily an ethnic minority group? a) African Americans b) Native Americans c) Jewish Americans ✓ correct d) Asian Americans Page 4
Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Q28. [Multiple Choice]
What does the fact that the same groups of people have been labeled differently throughout American history mean about the usefulness of racial/ethnic groupings? a) Racial groupings reflect intrinsic realities in their membership. b) Government agencies have used such labels to compare the same groups and their practices over time. c) Scholars can be somewhat sure that most members in a grouping will be similar in physical and social characteristics, with little internal variation. d) Such groupings are merely reflections of social conventions, and are more useful as guidelines than objective realities. ✓ correct Q29. [Multiple Choice]
People classified as “Asian and Pacific Islander” ______. a) represent many different national and linguistic backgrounds ✓ correct b) have historically unchanging divisions between people c) tend not to vary by social class, religion, or gender d) commonly have large extended families Q30. [Multiple Choice]
In the next 50 years, the total percentage of _____ Americans is projected to increase to a little over 50%. a) ethnic minority group ✓ correct b) unhoused and underhoused c) unemployed d) geographically mobile Q31. [Multiple Choice]
The deliberate attempt to exterminate an entire group is referred to as ______. a) systematic b) genocide ✓ correct c) ascription d) miscegenation Q32. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following is one of the defining characteristics of a minority group? a) similar skin color b) a pattern of disadvantage or inequality ✓ correct c) access to political representation d) small group size Q33. [Multiple Choice]
The social or physical characteristics that mark the boundaries between groups are usually ______. a) highly visible ✓ correct b) selected by the minority groups themselves c) scientifically significant d) selected for their biological importance Q34. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following is an example of a cultural trait that is usually associated with minority status? a) voting patterns b) facial features c) religion ✓ correct d) self-identification as a member
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Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Q35. [Multiple Choice]
Indicating their lack of usefulness, race/ethnic labels suggest such groups are largely ______. a) homogeneous ✓ correct b) heterozygous c) stratified d) similar Q36. [Multiple Choice]
Skin color is an important marker of group membership in our society because its construction ______. a) derives from shared historical experiences ✓ correct b) communicates intelligence levels c) has scientific significance d) determines personality traits Q37. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following characteristics is typical of an ascribed status? a) it is usually acquired at birth ✓ correct b) it typically cant be changed easily c) it is usually voluntary d) it can be altered through hard work and motivation Q38. [Multiple Choice]
Anti-miscegenation laws prevented ______. a) people from passing as members of another race b) people of different races from eating together in public restaurants c) members of different races from intermarrying ✓ correct d) members of different races from going to the same schools Q39. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following people best illustrates the difference between prestige and class? a) Kim Park, the 24-year-old immigrant from Korea who works in his uncle's grocery store b) Shirley Umphlett, the African American whose parents moved to New York from Alabama in the 1920s ✓ correct c) Mary Ann O'Brien, the fourth-generation Irish Catholic d) George Snyder, the young Native American who was born on a reservation in upstate New York but whose family moved to improve their job chances Q40. [Multiple Choice]
Max Weber thought that Marx's ideas about inequality were too ______. a) narrow ✓ correct b) optimistic c) complex d) abstract Q41. [Multiple Choice]
In opposition to Marx, Weber argued that the three dimensions of inequality were _____. a) poverty, mobility, hegemony b) culture, ideology, conflict c) class, prestige, power ✓ correct d) ideology, base, superstructure
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Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Q42. [Multiple Choice]
According to Weber, a person who became rich by cleaning septic tanks would be higher on class but lower on ______. a) power b) status c) prestige ✓ correct d) inequality Q43. [Multiple Choice]
According to Weber, a princess who was rich but “fell on hard times” and lost all of her wealth would be ______. a) high on prestige, high on class b) high on class, low on prestige c) low on class, low on power d) high on prestige, low on class ✓ correct Q44. [Multiple Choice]
According to Lenski, inequality in a postindustrial society would center on control of______. a) factories b) technologies ✓ correct c) colleges d) land Q45. [Multiple Choice]
Stratification is an important concept in the study of minority groups because _____. a) inequality and minority group status are synonymous b) without minority groups, there would be no inequality c) minority groups are often formed through struggles over control of valued goods and services ✓ correct d) these days, minority groups have more prestige and power than dominant groups Q46. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following is true about gender? a) Gender is an entirely biological phenomenon. b) Women do not experience patterns of disadvantage. c) Gender is a social construction. ✓ correct d) Patriarchy is a universal norm. Q47. [Multiple Choice]
Variations in human skin color ______. a) balance the dangers of exposure to sunlight with the need for vitamin D ✓ correct b) have no relationship to climate or geography c) are inversely related to the concentration of melanin: the greater the melanin, the lighter the skin d) have clear and definite points of demarcation Q48. [Multiple Choice]
The most visible marker of minority group membership is skin color, and it is______. a) the most reliable marker b) highly important c) regarded as a matter of little significance d) a creation of historical and social processes ✓ correct
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Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Q49. [Multiple Choice]
Women can be viewed as a minority group because ______. a) there are fewer women than men in the United States b) they are physically identifiable as different from men ✓ correct c) they are less intelligent than men d) they are not as physically fit as men Q50. [Multiple Choice]
At the individual level, the “thinking/feeling” dimension of minority group mistreatment is called ______. a) ideological racism b) discrimination c) institutional racism d) prejudice ✓ correct Q51. [Multiple Choice]
The increasing interconnectedness of people, groups, and nations is referred to as ______. a) democratization b) institutionalization c) nationalism d) globalization ✓ correct Q52. [Multiple Choice]
A social situation in which prejudice is strongly approved and supported might ______. a) be the best place to counter general beliefs about minority groups b) evoke discrimination in otherwise unprejudiced individuals ✓ correct c) make people feel guilty so that they change their attitudes d) make people less likely to act on their negative thoughts and feelings Q53. [Multiple Choice]
The distinction between prejudice and discrimination is ______. a) prejudice is a behavior; discrimination is an attitude b) prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is a behavior ✓ correct c) prejudice is an ideology; discrimination is an attitude d) prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is an ideology Q54. [Multiple Choice]
Institutional discrimination is often difficult to identify and measure because ______. a) it usually is masked by overt racism b) the individuals who implement it may be non-prejudiced and unaware of what they are doing ✓ correct c) it ended decades ago, and we have to rely on historical accounts to conduct research d) it affects only the most outspoken and angry members of minority groups Q55. [Multiple Choice]
A non-Hispanic White woman sees a Mexican American male and assumes he is undocumented. This is an example of ______. a) probable logic b) stereotyping ✓ correct c) individual discrimination d) legal discrimination
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Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Q56. [Multiple Choice]
Over the past seventy years, overt and direct prejudice has become ____ in most of polite society. a) more accepted b) less accepted ✓ correct c) systematically integrated d) associated with women more than racial minority groups Q57. [Multiple Choice]
While it might seem like globalization promotes geographic mobility, only three percent of people _____. a) live outside the country of their birth ✓ correct b) travel between countries by car c) vacation outside of their own state or province d) fly internationally each year Q58. [Multiple Choice]
In the 1990s, the ability for a large food producer in Canada or the United States to sell corn at a very low cost to Mexican farmers is a consequence of which policy? a) The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act b) International Organization for Migrants (IOM) c) United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) d) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) ✓ correct True/False (5) Q59. [True/False]
Groups that are defined primarily by their cultural characteristics are called racial minority groups. a) True b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False Q60. [True/False]
The matrix of domination describes how women and men can be discriminated against based on overlapping components of age, race, and gender. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True Q61. [True/False]
Max Weber distinguished three different sources of stratification in society: class, prestige, and power. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True Q62. [True/False]
Ideological racism is a belief system that asserts that a particular group is inferior. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True
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Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Q63. [True/False]
Scientists have concluded that skin color and other racial traits have little scientific, evolutionary, medical, or biological importance. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True Essay (6) Q64. [Essay]
What is a minority group? Cite the five defining characteristics of a minority group. Based on the five defining characteristics, are women considered a minority group? Why or why not? Suggested answer: Sample response: A minority group experiences systematic disadvantage and has a visible identifying trait. The group is self-conscious, and membership is usually determined at birth. Members tend to form intimate relations within the group. The five defining characteristics of a minority group include inequality, visibility, awareness, ascription, and intimate relationships. Women may be considered a minority group because they are not in a position of dominance within society. Women experience institutionalized discrimination which contributes to inequality (such as pay disparities); women possess physical traits different from that of the dominant group; many women are aware of their differentiation from the dominant group as well as their shared disadvantage. In general, being a woman is an ascribed status that is assigned at birth. And finally, women often form emotionally close bonds with other women who can relate to their experiences. Q65. [Essay]
What is an example of Weber’s version of power and prestige? Suggested answer: Sample response: Prestige is best understood as the amount of honor, esteem, or respect given to us by others. Class position is one factor that affects the amount of prestige a person enjoys. Other factors that influence prestige include family lineage or physical appearance. A wealthy minority group member may be ranked high on class, but low on prestige. Power is the ability to influence others, impact the devision-making process of society, and protect one’s self-interest and achieve one’s goals. Some politically active groups have access to great wealth and can use their riches to promote their causes. Other groups may rely more on their size and ability to mobilize large demonstrations to achieve their goals. Q66. [Essay]
In what ways can postindustrial societies contribute to racial discrimination? Suggested answer: Sample response: Answers will vary but should discuss that the United States and other societies have entered a stage of development referred to as postindustrial society. In this society, developments in new technology, computer-related fields, information processing, and scientific research create economic growth. In postindustrial societies, economic success is closely related to specialized knowledge, familiarity with new technologies, and formal education. Postindustrial societies can contribute to racial discrimination in several ways. Minorities often do not have access to quality, formal education systems due to institutionalized racism. This can prevent disadvantaged groups from gaining specialized knowledge, particularly in relation to technology and schooling. Q67. [Essay]
How have racial categories for African Americans and other groups changed over the years? Suggested answer: Sample response: Answers will vary but should discuss that The Census Bureau continues to add ethnic categories as new immigrants that, for now, fall under one of the following primary categories: Whites, Black/African American, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian (Chinese, Japanese, Native Hawaiian), and others. The Census Bureau notes that Hispanic origins are “not racial.” Considering this, it asks people of Hispanic origin to identity their place of origin (such as Cuba or Mexico). The census has changed in other ways, as well. In the 1960s, the Census Bureau mailed its form to urban residences and for the first time respondents could choose their racial identity. This was important for giving people agency to self-identity, but it may also have produced more accurate information.
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Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Q68. [Essay]
Why is intersectionality a uniquely important theoretical perspective for studying race and gender distinction? Suggested answer: Sample response: Answers will vary but must discuss intersectionality, a view that acknowledges that everyone has multiple group memberships and that these crisscross and create different experiences for people with varying combinations of statuses. The realities faced by gay, white-collar, Mexican American men are very different from those faced by heterosexual, blue-collar Puerto Rican women, even though both would be considered “Hispanic.” From this perspective, you can see that no singular, uniform Hispanic American experience exists. We need to recognize how gender, class, sexual orientation, and other factors intersect with and reinforce one another. Students will discuss their own identity under and intersectional lens--for example: gay, Asian-American, disabled female from the middle class. Q69. [Essay]
Provide an example of institutional discrimination and how it came about. Suggested answer: Sample response: Answers will vary but should first discuss the definition of institutional discrimination which refers to a pattern of unequal treatment, based on group membership, built into the daily operations of society, whether or not it is consciously intended. One example may be women who have experienced institutional discrimination in school by being told an everyday outfit is too provocative for the classroom.
Hard Multiple Choice (7) Q70. [Multiple Choice]
"The most important source of inequality arises from a person's relationship to the means of production.” This statement might be heard from a ______. a) capitalist b) weberian c) libertarian d) marxist ✓ correct Q71. [Multiple Choice]
Marx believed that conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat was inevitable and that the ultimate result of this class struggle would be ______. a) the victory of the working class ✓ correct b) socialism c) a stratified society d) the victory of the upper class Q72. [Multiple Choice]
In examining inequality, Weber might argue that a famous and wealthy rapper might rank ______. a) high on class, high on prestige ✓ correct b) high on class, low on prestige c) low on class, low on power d) low on class, high on power Q73. [Multiple Choice]
Joanna was born to a working class family, but she now belongs to the middle class. Joanna experienced ______. a) social stratification b) class movement c) social movement d) social mobility ✓ correct
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Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Q74. [Multiple Choice]
Michelle is a poor African American woman. Her race, class, and gender may combine to produce a unique kind of inequality. The concept that describes this phenomenon is known as ______. a) matrix of domination ✓ correct b) Marx's class oppression c) minority group d) triple discrimination Q75. [Multiple Choice]
You work at the local bank as a loan processor. Although you believe that Whites and African Americans should be treated equally, your boss demands that you turn down any loans requested by African Americans. You are a(n) ______. a) unprejudiced nondiscriminatory b) unprejudiced discriminator ✓ correct c) prejudiced nondiscriminatory d) prejudiced discriminatory Q76. [Multiple Choice]
In Marxist terms, factory workers in Mexico who are employed by factory owners in the United States would be referred to as what? a) Bourgeiouse b) Proletariat ✓ correct c) Middle class d) Those with prestige Essay (4) Q77. [Essay]
Articulate what it mean to say that race is a social construction. In your opinion, who decides what racial categories are used to describe people, and how does that relate to the U.S. Census Bureau’s racial categorizations? Suggested answer: Sample response: Answers will vary but should discuss that race is a category that is applied differently in specific time periods and situations. The answer should also include a discussion about how the Census Bureau has decided which categories to apply, given political and historical context. The answer should also reflect that people who have power, such as Census takers or colonialists, are the most likely to decide what racial categories people fit into. Q78. [Essay]
Using a Marxist theoretical approach, explain how stratification helps perpetuate inequality amongst majority-minority groups. Suggested answer: Sample response: Answers will vary but should discuss stratification as an unequal distribution of valued goods and services. It is a feature of U.S. society. Every human is stratified to some degree. Society distributes its resources in ways that benefit the majority. Economic stratification results in different social classes. Many criteria (such as education, age, gender, and talent) may affect a person’s social class position and his or her access to goods and services. In Marx’s view, all societies include two main social classes. One class, the bourgeoisie, owns or controls the means of production. It benefits from that arrangement and exploits and oppresses the proletariat (or the working class). Many in the bourgeoisie are wealthy White males. By exploiting the proletariat, which is largely made up of minority groups, the bourgeoisie can continue oppressing minorities.
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Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank
Q79. [Essay]
What is ideological racism? Please provide an example. Suggested answer: Sample response: Answers will vary but should discuss ideological racism as a belief system of a particular group or the societal equivalent of individual prejudice. Members of the dominant group use ideological racism to legitimize or rationalize the unequal status of minority groups. Through the process of socialization, such ideas pass from generation to generation, becoming incorporated in to the society’s culture. An example of a racist ideology is the elaborate system of beliefs and ideas that attempted to justify slavery in the American South. This exploitation of slaves was explained in terms of the innate and racial inferiority of blacks and the superiority of whites. Q80. [Essay]
Explain why ending individual prejudice would not end racial inequality in society. Suggested answer: Sample response: Answers will vary but should discuss that it is difficult to change attitudes embedded into our social structure. Institutional discrimination is discrimination that has been solidified by generations of majority groups. Further, majority groups are socialized, whether intentionally or unintentionally, to separate themselves from groups who are different from them--even if it is just by appearance. We cannot simply undue these factors on an individual level.
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Race Ethnicity Gender and Class 9e Healey Test Bank