Test Bank for Psychology of Women and Gender 11th Edition by Else-Quest ISBN: 9781071924303
Psychology of Women and Gender 11e Else-Quest Test Bank
Psychology of Women and Gender (11th) ISBN 9781071924303 | Chapter 1 Total Questions: 62
Multiple Choice (44) Q1. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The term “gender” refers to ______. a) the culturally imposed roles of males and females b) the state of being male, female, both male and female, or neither male nor female ✓ correct c) social construction d) biological aspects of masculinity and femininity Q2. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
A person who is cisgender ______. a) has a gender identity that matches the gender they were assigned at birth ✓ correct b) has a gender identity that does not match the gender they were assigned at birth c) is intersex d) is a trans woman Q3. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Enrica had female anatomy at birth, was raised as a girl, and has a female identity. Enrica is a ______. a) transgender woman b) heterosexual woman c) cisgender woman ✓ correct d) intersex woman Q4. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The ______ is a system of conceptualizing gender as having two distinct and opposing groups or kinds, male and female. a) gender binary ✓ correct b) gender positivism c) gender epistemology d) gender identity Q5. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Bias that recognizes a person’s birth-assigned gender but not their gender identity is known as ______. a) sexism b) genderism c) cisgenderism ✓ correct d) identity bias Q6. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
“Sexism” can be defined as ______. a) harassment on the basis of gender b) discrimination or bias against people based on their gender ✓ correct c) men’s negative attitudes toward women d) women’s negative attitudes toward men
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Psychology of Women and Gender 11e Else-Quest Test Bank
Q7. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Today, old-fashioned sexism has been replaced by more covert or subtle prejudiced beliefs about women also known as ______. a) hostile sexism b) benevolent sexism c) modern sexism ✓ correct d) ambivalent sexism Q8. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Benevolent sexism views women as ______. a) perpetrators of sexism b) undeserving of men’s admiration c) strong-willed and independent d) weak and dependent ✓ correct Q9. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Which of the following is a reason to study the psychology of women and gender? a) to answer questions about one’s gender and how they fit into the world ✓ correct b) to learn about sexism to better perpetuate this phenomena c) to focus solely on women with the exclusion of other genders d) to learn about modern day gender issues without consideration of relevant history Q10. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Negative, resentful attitudes toward women and adversarial beliefs about gender relations are also known as ______. a) neosexism b) hostile sexism ✓ correct c) benevolent sexism d) feminism Q11. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Modern sexism involves which of the following? a) acceptance of continuing discrimination against women b) antagonistic feelings about women’s “demands” ✓ correct c) encouraging women to accept special favors d) open or overt prejudice against women Q12. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The belief that women should be honored, put on a pedestal, and viewed as pure beings who should be protected is known as ___________. a) Benevolent sexism ✓ correct b) Hostile sexism c) Neosexism d) Feminism Q13. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
“Feminist” can be defined as a person who ______. a) wants more power for women b) favors more rights for women than for men c) conforms to the traditional role for women d) favors political, economic, and social equality for all ✓ correct
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Psychology of Women and Gender 11e Else-Quest Test Bank
Q14. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Intersectionality is defined as ______. a) the opposite of feminist theory in which women are critiqued b) another term for modern sexism that describes the etiology of prejudice c) an approach that simultaneously considers the meaning and consequences of multiple categories of identity ✓ correct d) the study of the intersection of female and male gender roles Q15. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Professor Garcia is conducting research on the conceptualization of femininity among African American women, Latina women, Asian American women, Native American women, and White women. Professor Garcia is applying an approach called ______. a) experimental design b) overgeneralization c) intersectionality ✓ correct d) cross-sectionality Q16. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
An umbrella term for a variety of conditions in which a person is born with differences in sex traits or reproductive anatomy that are not typical of female or male people is ______. a) transgender b) cisgender c) gender binary d) intersex ✓ correct Q17. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Studies of bias in the design of psychological research indicate that ______. a) males are disproportionately represented as participants ✓ correct b) sampling reflects a fascination with the “mysteriousness” of women c) a disproportionate amount of research has been done on women with mental illness d) males and females tend to be represented equally as participants Q18. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
A definition of “psychological measurement” is the process of ______. a) assigning numbers to characteristics of people ✓ correct b) differentiating between qualitative and quantitative research c) assigning terminology to characteristics of people d) having participants interview researchers Q19. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
A research error in which the results are said to apply to a broader group than the one sampled is called ______. a) sampling bias b) probability sampling c) observer effect d) overgeneralization ✓ correct
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Psychology of Women and Gender 11e Else-Quest Test Bank
Q20. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Using a single-gender sample and then interpreting the results as if they were true of all people is an example of ______. a) the error of overgeneralization ✓ correct b) imprecise psychological measurement c) a particular kind of observer effect d) a tendency to stereotype Q21. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
A study that compares two groups--males and females--on aggressive behavior is an example of a(n) ______. a) experimental design b) quasi-experimental design ✓ correct c) case study d) correlational study Q22. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Feminist scholars advocate which approach for overcoming problems of bias in theoretical models and stereotyped research questions? a) perform better-controlled experiments b) ask the community under study to determine the significant questions ✓ correct c) ask feminists to determine the important questions d) use Freudian theory rather than modern sexism theory Q23. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Application
A male psychologist is interested in finding out whether there are gender differences in a certain personality characteristic. He administers a paper-and-pencil test of this characteristic to a group of male and female students and then checks statistically to find out whether there are gender differences. Which one of the following biases is likely to be present in that research? a) experimenter effects ✓ correct b) biased theoretical model c) responder effects d) overgeneralization Q24. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Application
A researcher uses observation as a method to study gender differences in helping behaviors among preschool. The researcher expects to find more helping behaviors from girls and ends up observing more helping behaviors from girls than boys. This might be an example of ______. a) benevolent sexism b) biased theoretical model c) observer effects ✓ correct d) experimenter effects Q25. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The technical procedure that is generally used to guard against observer effects is a ______. a) experiment b) natural observation c) laboratory study d) blind study ✓ correct
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Psychology of Women and Gender 11e Else-Quest Test Bank
Q26. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
A researcher on gender differences finds that females estimate that they will get fewer points on a test than males estimate they will get. The researcher concludes that this indicates that women are lacking in self-confidence. This is an example of ______. a) bias in choice of participants b) experimenter effects c) biased interpretation of results ✓ correct d) publication bias Q27. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
An interpretation of research results in which women's behavior is seen as unfavorable compared to men’s is an example of ______. a) a female deficit model ✓ correct b) a psychoanalytic interpretation c) gynocentrism d) interpreter effect Q28. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
A researcher finds that women interrupt men fewer times than men interrupt women in mixed-gender groups. The researcher concludes that this indicates that women lack assertiveness. This is an example of ______. a) an unbiased interpretation b) a female deficit interpretation ✓ correct c) feminist methods d) a psychoanalytic interpretation Q29. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
A Freudian researcher sets out to collect data to document the existence of penis envy in women. This is an example of (a) ______. a) biased theoretical model ✓ correct b) observer effects c) female deficit model d) female deficit interpretation Q30. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
It has been shown that the researcher's gender may affect the outcome of research. This is an example of ______. a) biased theoretical models b) biased interpretation of results c) an experimenter effect ✓ correct d) an observer effect Q31. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
If a researcher expects to get gender differences in a study in which observations of preschool children's aggression are made, the researcher tends to find gender differences. This is an example of ______. a) Freudian bias b) observer effects ✓ correct c) publication bias d) bias in choice of participants
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Psychology of Women and Gender 11e Else-Quest Test Bank
Q32. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Ensuring both male and female researchers collect data is an example of ______. a) critiquing the gender binary b) single-gender research c) intersectionality d) gender-fair research ✓ correct Q33. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Feminist research psychologists are critical of traditional psychology's ______. a) insistence on naturalistic research b) assumption that psychological research is objective ✓ correct c) reliance on all-female samples d) overemphasis on the importance of race and ethnicity Q34. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
“Feminist research” may be defined as ______. a) research done by female researchers that solely focuses on female phenomena b) research that uses techniques to ensure it is objective and value-free c) research growing out of feminist theory, which seeks radical reform of traditional research methods ✓ correct d) impossible because research must be objective and feminism introduces bias Q35. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
“Qualitative research methods” can be defined as ______. a) studying behavior by converting it to numbers b) making naturalistic observations c) collecting data that are often text, talk, or images ✓ correct d) conducting laboratory experiments Q36. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
A researcher interviewed 45 African American women about their experiences of sexual objectification in order to study bias based on gender, race, and class. This is an example of ______. a) quantitative research b) qualitative research ✓ correct c) experimental research d) correlational research Q37. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Feminist researchers would endorse which of the following research practices? a) performing single-gender research b) asking participants to designate their gender identity using their own words ✓ correct c) conducting the majority of psychological research in a lab d) thinking in terms of Variable A causing effects on Variable B Q38. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Eve, in the Biblical story of Adam and Eve, is an example of which recurring historical theme? a) a feminine evil ✓ correct b) the virgin c) the Madonna d) polyandry
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Psychology of Women and Gender 11e Else-Quest Test Bank
Q39. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The historical theme “male as normative” means the ______. a) female is typically the variant or deviation ✓ correct b) male is considered the other c) female is often created first in creation myths d) female is considered in all examples Q40. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
“Androcentrism” can be defined as ______. a) male-centeredness ✓ correct b) female-centeredness c) equality of the genders d) diminishing the male role Q41. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Using the word “man” to refer to not only a male person, but to people in general, is an example of ______. a) feminism b) the male as normative ✓ correct c) overgeneralization d) cisgenderism Q42. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Gender differences and gender similarities are ______. a) equally important ✓ correct b) unnecessary in gender research c) difficult to study d) unbiased Q43. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
“Social constructionism” asserts that ______. a) there is one true, objective reality for all people b) that people do not discover reality; rather, they construct or invent it ✓ correct c) men and women construct different realities d) imprecise research is due to flaws in the design construction Q44. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
A researcher is interested in the effect of social media exposure on individual’s beliefs about gender stereotypes. To study this effect, they randomly assign participants to an experimental and control condition, and restrict access to social media for members of the experimental group. This study is an example of a _______________. a) true experimental design ✓ correct b) quasi−experimental design c) unethical experimental design d) cisgendered design True/False (11) Q45. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The feminist goal of gender equality has not yet been met. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True
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Psychology of Women and Gender 11e Else-Quest Test Bank
Q46. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed by both the House and the Senate in 1972. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True Q47. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Feminism is a political movement and ideology as well as a theoretical perspective. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True Q48. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The Gender Inequality Index (GII) measures country-level gender equality. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True Q49. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The United States ranks third on the Gender Inequality Index (GII). a) True b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False Q50. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Experimenter effects may be a source of bias. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True Q51. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
A researcher completes a study and finds that on average, men scored higher on an algebra test than women. His interpretation is that men are better at math than women. This interpretation was based on the female deficit model. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True Q52. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
A feminist researcher would prefer to call people who are studied “subjects” rather than “participants.” a) True b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False Q53. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Single-gender research is an example of gender-fair research. a) True b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False
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Psychology of Women and Gender 11e Else-Quest Test Bank
Q54. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Feminist research devotes specific research attention to the special concerns of women and members of marginalized groups. a) True ✓ correct b) False Correct answer: True Q55. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Both traditional psychologists and feminist psychologists view research as an interaction between a researcher and participant, shaped by cultural context. a) True b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False Essay (7) Q56. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Explain the difference between being a feminist and sexism. Suggested answer: Sample response: A feminist is a person who favors political, economic, and social equality of all people, regardless of gender, and therefore favors the legal and social changes necessary to achieve equality. Sexism is not a person, but rather the act of discrimination or bias against people based on their gender. Q57. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Critics argue that the SAT Math test is biased against women. Discuss one of the issues raised by these critics to support their argument. Suggested answer: Sample response: Varies. As of 2024 women scored an average of 496 compared to an average of 514 for men. One issue is the test is timed; with a longer test the gender difference decreased. A second issue is the content and wording of questions; with some questions including situations that men experience more frequently and thus have more accessible relevant knowledge such as sports references. Q58. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Describe one criticism of second-wave feminism. Suggested answer: Sample response: Varies. Second-wave feminism tended to essentialize and oversimplify the category of “women” by focusing on “universal” female experiences such as motherhood. It ignored the great diversity among women along lines of race and social class. They were accused of being rigid in their ideology. There was no focus on intersectionality. Q59. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Application
Give an example of gender equality in one of the following spheres: education, politics, economics, and health. Suggested answer: Sample response: Varies. Educational gender equality could entail equal numbers of men and women being able to read and write. Political gender equality would mean equal political representation among genders. Economic gender equality would entail equal pay for equal work and adequate family leave policies, regardless of gender. Gender equality in health might entail improving women’s access to prenatal care, reducing maternal mortality and adolescent pregnancy rates. Q60. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Explain the importance of conducting gender-fair research. Suggested answer: Sample response: Varies. Gender-fair approaches to research attempt to improve procedures to ensure research is conducted fairly. Gender-fair research reduces gender biases, such as bias in the interpretation or publishing of results as well as against female scientists.
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Psychology of Women and Gender 11e Else-Quest Test Bank
Q61. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Compare and contrast hostile sexism and benevolent sexism and give examples of each. Suggested answer: Sample response: Varies. Hostile sexism refers to negative, hostile attitudes toward women and adversarial beliefs about gender relations in which women are thought to spend most of their time trying to control men, whether through sexuality or feminism. Benevolent sexism, in contrast, consists of beliefs about women who seem to the perpetrator to be kind or benevolent--in which women are honored and put on the proverbial pedestal. Q62. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
First, describe each of the four waves of feminism. Then, compare and contrast them in terms of their respective time periods, theories, and social and political issues. Suggested answer: Sample response: Varies. First-wave feminism describes the period of the late 1800s and early 1900s in Britain, Canada, and the United States. These feminists fought for women’s voting rights and succeeded in 1920 when women won the right to vote. Second-wave feminism describes the period of the1960s into the 1990s and took on a wider range of issues, including sexual freedom, reproductive rights, pay equity, equal opportunity in education, and gender-based violence. However, this wave was criticized for not focusing on intersectionality. The third wave of feminism began in the 1990s and expanding on the issues of the second-wave feminists with a much bigger emphasis on intersectionality, including race and social class. We are currently in the fourth wave of feminism, which continues to expand on the issues in the second and third waves of feminism, with an even greater focus on intersectionality, rejection of the gender binary, and more focus on transgender issues. The fourth wave of feminism has been fueled by recent advances in technology, including user-generated content like blogs and social media.
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Psychology of Women and Gender 11e Else-Quest Test Bank