Test Bank for Juvenile Justice 2nd
Edition by Schmalleger, Marcum
ISBN: 9781071923238
Juvenile Justice (2nd)
ISBN 9781071923238 | Chapter 1: Learning Objectives
Total Questions: 50
Easy
Multiple Choice (20)
Q1. [Multiple Choice]
In 1869, the ______ Board of Charities implemented probation for youthful offenders.
a) Maryland
b) Massachusetts ✓ correct
c) New York
d) Illinois
Q2. [Multiple Choice] Who was the father of probation?
a) John Tessmer
b) John Augustus ✓ correct
c) Frank Clinton
d) John Howard
Q3. [Multiple Choice]
To deal with overcrowding, reformers built ______ reformatories, which were small facilities that mimicked a large family.
a) gatehouse
b) juvenile
c) cottage ✓ correct
d) sanctuary
Q4. [Multiple Choice] Programs for impoverished children actually originated in ______.
a) America
b) Germany
c) France
d) England ✓ correct
Q5. [Multiple Choice] ______ were founded in London in the mid-16th century, which housed poor and delinquent youths and worked to train them in specific skills.
a) Bridewells ✓ correct
b) Boarding schools
c) Dormitories
d) Halfway houses
Q6. [Multiple Choice]
______ involves release of an offender from detention following a period of good behavior, but under supervision in the community.
a) Parole
b) Probation ✓ correct
c) Good behavior
d) Bail
Q7. [Multiple Choice]
In Colonial times, ______ saw the family as the cornerstone of the community, and they believed that parents should be allowed to punish their children as they saw fit.
a) Puritans ✓ correct
b) court officials
c) child savers
d) legislation
Q8. [Multiple Choice]
Instituted first for adults, probation was seen as both a way to rehabilitate offenders and a way to cope with ______.
a) mental illness
b) overcrowded jails ✓ correct
c) youthful offenders
d) violent crimes
Q9. [Multiple Choice]
The Cook County Juvenile Court was established through legislation reflecting a new attitude that children should be treated differently due to their undeveloped ______ and emotional status.
a) physical traits
b) perceptive
c) cognitive ✓ correct
d) spiritual
Q10. [Multiple Choice]
The ______ movement began in the late 1800s and advocated rescuing juvenile delinquents from the streets and providing them with social services instead of punishing delinquents for behaviors such as running away.
a) kid investor
b) child saver ✓ correct
c) child reformer
d) kid rights
Q11. [Multiple Choice]
In the ______ Era, from 1880 to 1929 involved middle- and upper-class reformers concerned about treatment of juveniles and pushed for changes in how juveniles were managed.
a) Classical
b) Industrial
c) Reform
d) Progressive ✓ correct
Q12. [Multiple Choice]
By 1931, more than ______ guidance clinics were created to assist the juvenile justice system.
a) 100
b) 500
c) 200 ✓ correct
d) 900
Q13. [Multiple Choice]
In 1903, Illinois legislation allowed the juvenile justice system to intervene with ______ offenses such as curfew violations and incorrigibility, in addition to their existing mandate to deal with youths engaged in criminal acts or subject to dependency and neglect findings.
a) violent
b) property
c) status ✓ correct
d) domestic
Q14. [Multiple Choice]
The juvenile justice system started in Cook County Illinois in ______.
a) 1905
b) 1803
c) 1980
d) 1899 ✓ correct
Q15. [Multiple Choice]
In the 1905 case of ______, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court settled the issue of child and parental rights by citing the intent of intervention.
a) People v. Turner
b) Kent v. U.S.
c) Commonwealth v. Fisher ✓ correct
d) Ingraham v. Wright
Q16. [Multiple Choice]
The original juvenile court was based on the ______ concept.
a) parens patriae ✓ correct
b) English common law
c) criminal law
d) civil law
Q17. [Multiple Choice]
A person who is running for the local city council makes a speech to parents arguing stridently for their right to raise their children as they see fit, without oversight from local, state, or federal governments. Which court decision does this person’s message most align with?
a) People v. Turner ✓ correct
b) Commonwealth v. Fisher
c) Graham v. Florida
d) Miller v. Alabama
Q18. [Multiple Choice]
In the case of ______, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that the state had the power to intervene for any reason, especially if it could provide help for families that could not provide it on their own.
a) Kent v. United States
b) Commonwealth v. Fisher
c) People v. Turner
d) Ex parte Crouse ✓ correct
Q19. [Multiple Choice]
In the case of ______, the court upheld the concept ofparens patriaein the United States.
a) Miller v. Alabama
b) People v. Turner
c) Ex Parte Crouse ✓ correct
d) Ex Parte McKeiver
Q20. [Multiple Choice]
The ______ legal standard set in the Middle Ages called “parens patriae” comes from a Latin term meaning “parent of the nation.”
a) American
b) Spanish
c) French
d) English ✓ correct
True/False (14)
Q21. [True/False]
Bridewells housed poor and delinquent youths and worked to train them in specific skills.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q22. [True/False]
In Colonial times, Quakers believed that if corporal punishment or other sanctions by the parents did not work, that disobedient children should be sent to community officials for additional punishments based on the same rules that applied to adults.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q23. [True/False]
House arrest involves release of a person from detention following a period of good behavior, but under supervision in the community.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q24. [True/False]
It wasn’t until the 16th and 17th centuries that scholars and medical experts began considering childhood as a period of life that should be treated differently from adulthood.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q25. [True/False]
Instituted first for adults, probation was seen as both a way to rehabilitate people and a way to cope with overcrowded jails.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q26. [True/False]
In America, new houses of refuge offered skills training in an attempt to change the direction of juveniles who had engaged in delinquency.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q27. [True/False]
To combat overcrowding, reformers built cottage reformatories, which were small facilities that mimicked a large family.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q28. [True/False]
The first house of refuge opened in 1791 in Boston, Massachusetts.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q29. [True/False]
In 1992, the U.S. Children’s Bureau was established to oversee the juvenile and adult justice systems, including probation and parole officers.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q30. [True/False]
InEx Parte Crousethe Illinois Supreme Court upheld a parent’s right to care for their children without government intervention.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q31. [True/False]
The juvenile court concept started in Cook County Illinois in 1899.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q32. [True/False]
In America, beginning around 1900,parens patriaebecame the guiding principle of the juvenile justice system.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q33. [True/False]
The Classical Era from 1880 to 1929 involved middle- and upper-class reformers concerned about juveniles and pushed for changes in how juveniles were managed.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q34. [True/False]
In the case ofKent v. United States, the court found the right to a trial by a jury of peers for juveniles was denied.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Medium
Multiple Choice (9)
Q35. [Multiple Choice]
A boy sent to one of the houses of refuge in 1830s America would have been most likely to ______.
a) be housed with adults
b) live and work on a farm
c) be assigned a “family”
d) have lived in a major city ✓ correct
Q36. [Multiple Choice]
Courts had the option of invoking ______, which meant refusing to enforce sanctions against children due to the dearth of common-law standards and statutes applicable to them.
a) nullification ✓ correct
b) voidance
c) deferment
d) annulment
Q37. [Multiple Choice]
In 1912, the ______ was established to oversee the juvenile justice system, including probation officers.
a) Federal Bureau of Investigation
b) U.S. Children’s Bureau ✓ correct
c) Federal Bureau of Parole and Probation
d) U.S. Child Protective Services+
Q38. [Multiple Choice]
What is the terminology used for the term “indictment” in juvenile courts?
a) petition ✓ correct
b) commitment
c) custody
d) adjudication
Q39. [Multiple Choice]
What is the terminology used for the term “sentence” in juvenile courts?
a) adjudication
b) hearing
c) commitment ✓ correct
d) petition
Q40. [Multiple Choice]
Which 1870 ruling by the Illinois Supreme Court upheld a parents’ right to care for their children without government intervention?
a) People v. Turner ✓ correct
b) Kent v. U.S.
c) Ex Parte Crouse
d) Commonwealth v. Fisher
Q41. [Multiple Choice]
Which landmark case allowed some due process protection for juveniles accused of a crime?
a) Miller v. Alabama
b) Graham v. Florida
c) Kent v. United States ✓ correct
d) Commonwealth v. Fisher
Q42. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following, if committed by a minor, would be delinquency rather than a status offense?
a) truancy
b) curfew violations
c) underage drinking
d) simple assault ✓ correct
Q43. [Multiple Choice]
______ began to legislate ages of culpability and laws that were responsible for recognizing youths under the age of 7 should not be responsible for criminal activity.
a) America
b) Spain
c) France
d) England ✓ correct
True/False (1)
Q44. [True/False]
The term “sentence” in juvenile court means “adjudication” in adult criminal court.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Essay (4)
Q45. [Essay]
Assess the significance of theKent v. United States. How did the ruling impact the juvenile justice system?
Suggested answer: Sample response: The Kent v. United States decision granted some protection for the rights of juveniles, but their rights were still not found to be equal to those of adults. To this day, juveniles are treated as a special class of persons and courts still have the ability to intervene on their behalf in many circumstances.
Q46. [Essay]
Compare and contrast status offenses and delinquency. Provide at least one example of each.
Suggested answer: Sample response: Both status offenses and delinquency are terms that refer to juvenile illegal activity. However, status offenses are actions that are only criminal because the person committing them is a minor. In 1903, Illinois legislation allowed the juvenile justice system to intervene with status offenses, such as curfew violations and incorrigibility, in addition to their existing mandate to deal with youths engaged in criminal acts (delinquency) or subject to dependency and neglect findings. Common status offenses include liquor and curfew law violations, while delinquency might include vandalism.
Q47. [Essay]
Describe the child saver movement.
Suggested answer: Sample response: The child saver movement began in the late 1800s and advocated rescuing juvenile delinquents from the streets and providing them with social services instead of punishing delinquents for behaviors such as running away.
Q48. [Essay]
Identify the rationale of the new houses of refuge. How was life in these facilities? What ultimately became of these facilities?
Suggested answer: Sample response: In America, new houses of refuge offered skills training, education, discipline, and religious teaching to juveniles in an attempt to change the direction of their lives. The thinking was that these facilities could make up for what poor families had failed to provide. Life in these facilities was entirely institutionalized. On arrival, each child was given the same haircut and the same clothing as the others. They followed a strict schedule, and lessons involved reciting material in unison. Many of the houses eventually lost sight of their original purpose and lapsed into mere institutions of control.
Hard
Multiple Choice (1)
Q49. [Multiple Choice]
Twelve-year-old Charles lived in Boston in the early 19th century and was arrested for larceny. He was sent to a facility where he learned basic skills, such as carpentry, yardwork, and civics, and was given a religious education before he was released after 6 weeks. Charles was most likely sent to which type of juvenile facility?
a) bridewell
b) cottage reformatory
c) halfway home
d) house of refuge ✓ correct
Essay (1)
Q50. [Essay]
Describe the concept ofparens patriaeand, using a case example, discuss how the doctrine affected the American juvenile justice system.
Suggested answer: Sample response: Parens patriae is an English legal standard set in the Middle Ages; it is a Latin term for “parent of the nation.” Parens patriae, which became the guiding principle of the juvenile court, made the court the children’s guardian. Ex Parte Crouse is a prime example of how the doctrine impacted the juvenile justice system. The court found the state had the power to intervene regardless of reason if they could help or assist the child.