Test Bank for Introduction to Policing
5th Edition by Cox, Massey, Koski, Wentz
ISBN: 9781071904039
Introduction to Policing (5th)
ISBN 9781071904039 | Chapter 1: Policing in the United States
Total Questions: 100 Easy
Multiple Choice (26)
Q1. [Multiple Choice]
What phenomenon followed the death of Michael Brown and the subsequent failure of the DOJ to hold the officer responsible for his death legally accountable?
a) driving while black
b) the Ferguson effect ✓ correct
c) snitches get stiches
d) the code of the street
Q2. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following agencies would handle the investigation of civil rights violations and terrorism plots?
a) Federal Bureau of Investigation ✓ correct
b) Customs and Border Protection
c) Immigration and Customs Enforcement
d) Drug Enforcement Administration
Q3. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following is the largest federal law enforcement agency in terms of the number of sworn agents?
a) Immigration and Customs Enforcement
b) Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
c) Customs and Border Protection ✓ correct
d) U.S. Marshals Service
Q4. [Multiple Choice]
Police success in reducing crime in communities relies on which of the following?
a) state-of-the-art facilities
b) cutting-edge technology
c) public cooperation ✓ correct
d) high taxes
Q5. [Multiple Choice]
In the mid-______, there was a notable drop in crime that lasted nearly two decades.
a) 1950s
b) 1970s
c) 1980s
d) 1990s ✓ correct
Q6. [Multiple Choice]
After the death of Freddie Gray, which specific type of crime spiked in several cities?
a) burglary
b) vandalism
c) homicide ✓ correct
d) rape
Q7. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following best describes the attitudes of early settlers of the United States in regards to government?
a) The government is necessary to protect individuals from being harmed by others.
b) The government should not intervene in daily activities. ✓ correct
c) The government should own all newspapers to ensure the accuracy of information.
d) The government should be ruled by those who have a strong faith and receive divine guidance.
Q8. [Multiple Choice]
Of the following routine activities of police officers, which is the subject of the greatest degree of scrutiny?
a) traffic stop
b) call for service to a residence
c) use of force ✓ correct
d) follow-up questioning of witnesses of crimes
Q9. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following levels of policing would most people recognize as ”the police”?
a) state police
b) local police ✓ correct
c) federal law enforcement
d) sheriffs
Q10. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following responsibilities falls under the social service function of policing?
a) intervention with emotionally disturbed individuals
b) elder abuse
c) domestic violence intervention
d) all of these ✓ correct
Q11. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following definitions fits best with the Greek wordpolis, from which the term ”police” was derived?
a) the head of a government agency
b) a citizen actively involved in the affairs of the government ✓ correct
c) someone who studies the law of the people
d) someone with great power and authority
Q12. [Multiple Choice]
Where did the highly publicized case involving Freddie Gray occur?
a) Bowling Green, Ohio
b) Ferguson, Missouri
c) Bowman, Montana
d) Baltimore, Maryland ✓ correct
Q13. [Multiple Choice]
What led Freddie Gray to be in police custody at the time of the highly publicized incident?
a) possession of an illegal switchblade knife per the city criminal code ✓ correct
b) arrest as a result of a domestic violence incident
c) disorderly conduct
d) possession of marijuana while on probation
Q14. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following best describes the unusual nature of assaults that took place on police officers in 2016?
a) guerilla attacks
b) cyberstalking
c) ambush ✓ correct
d) chemical warfare
Q15. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following best describes an outcome that societies expect police to achieve?
a) administer the law evenly, no matter individual circumstances or considerations
b) develop community cohesion ✓ correct
c) protect natural resources
d) increase fear of crime
Q16. [Multiple Choice]
Studies have found that increasing ______ is beneficial in immigrant communities in regards to policing.
a) women police officers
b) foot patrol officers
c) minority officer representatives ✓ correct
d) service aspects of policing
Q17. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a responsibility of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS)?
a) prevention of terrorism
b) enforcement in state parks of criminal laws ✓ correct
c) security of the nation’s air, land, and sea borders to prevent illegal activity
d) coordination of police activities among agencies at a variety of levels
Q18. [Multiple Choice]
Police officers use ______ in the course of their daily duties.
a) firearms
b) Tasers
c) pepper spray
d) discretion ✓ correct
Q19. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following is NOT a service of police in the United States?
a) enforcing the law
b) maintaining order
c) providing services
d) reporting current events ✓ correct
Q20. [Multiple Choice]
Which agency is responsible for the care and custody of federal inmates?
a) county sheriff
b) municipal police department
c) state police
d) Federal Bureau of Prisons ✓ correct
Q21. [Multiple Choice]
Police personnel in the United States are employed at ______.
a) local and county levels
b) state and national levels
c) international levels
d) all of these ✓ correct
Q22. [Multiple Choice]
Which federal law enforcement agency is responsible for protecting the president and vice president of the United States and investigating crimes against the financial infrastructure of the United States?
a) U.S. Secret Service ✓ correct
b) Customs and Border Patrol
c) Federal Bureau of Investigation
d) National Security Agency
Q23. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following is in charge of security at the county courthouse, including security for the jurors and transportation of inmates to court?
a) municipal police officers
b) coroner's office
c) deputy sheriffs ✓ correct
d) FBI
Q24. [Multiple Choice]
The United States ______ was founded in 1865 as a branch of the U.S. Treasury Department.
a) Secret Service ✓ correct
b) Marshals Service
c) Postal Service
d) Internal Revenue Service
Q25. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following is NOT a duty of the U.S. Secret Service?
a) investigate street crime ✓ correct
b) protect the president
c) protect the vice president
d) investigate crimes against the financial infrastructure of the United States
Q26. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following positions is generally filled by public election?
a) chief
b) sheriff ✓ correct
c) deputy
d) captain
True/False (16)
Q27. [True/False]
Lack of trust in police may lead to decreased police legitimacy and greater challenges for police to retain order in the community.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q28. [True/False]
As of 2018, the Uniform Crime Reports has a subsection dedicated to collecting data on fatal police shootings.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q29. [True/False]
In general, a benefit to bringing more women into policing is that they are more socially skilled, emotionally sensitive, and people focused than male officers traditionally have been.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q30. [True/False]
The average violent crime rate today is twice the rate it was in 1995.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q31. [True/False]
Officers rarely need to be concerned about decisions that lead to the use of force because such decisions rarely lead to criticism.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q32. [True/False]
The U.S. Secret Service employs more full-time officers than any other federal law enforcement agency.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q33. [True/False]
Local police officers comprise the vast majority of police personnel as a whole.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q34. [True/False]
In most counties, the sheriff’s deputies are responsible for the transport of inmates to court.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q35. [True/False]
Police personnel currently find themselves operating under more scrutiny than in previous years.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q36. [True/False]
The U.S. Marshals Service was the first federal police service to be established.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q37. [True/False]
All states have some type of state police agency.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q38. [True/False]
Some police officers may be volunteers and not paid for their services.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q39. [True/False]
Amtrak does not have law enforcement officers.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q40. [True/False]
Few federal law officers are uniformed.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q41. [True/False]
The USA PATRIOT Act increased the authority and workload of police officers.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q42. [True/False]
TheNew York Timescollects and publishes an unofficial account of fatal police shootings.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Essay (2)
Q43. [Essay]
What are the two main functions of police?
Suggested answer: Sample response: The two main functions of police are protecting individuals’ rights and ensuring public safety.
Q44. [Essay]
What is the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons?
Suggested answer: Sample response: The responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons is custody and care of federal inmates.
Medium
Multiple Choice (20)
Q45. [Multiple Choice]
When the public accept the police as legitimate, they are more likely to do which of the following?
a) cooperate and comply with police orders ✓ correct
b) join the police force
c) move to a residence closer to the police station
d) run from the police
Q46. [Multiple Choice]
The increase in violence committed against police officers has led some community activists to fear which of the following?
a) a reduction in community-based policing
b) an increase in militaristic-style policing
c) an increase in the tensions between the community and police
d) all of these ✓ correct
Q47. [Multiple Choice]
A wildlife and fisheries enforcement officer would be entrusted to enforce laws regarding which of the following?
a) proper licensing and registration of automobiles, all-terrain vehicles, and boats used inside protected areas
b) ensuring wildlife caught is not in violation of seasonal time constraints, quantity limits, or endangered species laws
c) ensuring all safety equipment is functional
d) all of these ✓ correct
Q48. [Multiple Choice]
Police must balance their legal authority with ______.
a) American Indian tribes
b) constitutional protections ✓ correct
c) their own health and safety
d) public approval ratings
Q49. [Multiple Choice]
If police no longer immerse themselves in troubled areas and attempt to work with communities but still aim to gain better control of them, what will their approach be most like?
a) militaristic, operating the area like an area under governmental control ✓ correct
b) hands-off, extracting any police support
c) cooperative between neighborhoods
d) anarchy and chaos
Q50. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following is a likely consequence of public distrust in the police?
a) negative public opinion of the police ✓ correct
b) increased federal funding to increase the reputation of the police
c) increased federal law enforcement presence to provide support to the police
d) increased public opinion of the police
Q51. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following is NOT an example of a special jurisdiction officer?
a) university police
b) transit police
c) public school police
d) private investigator ✓ correct
Q52. [Multiple Choice]
Police work is overwhelmingly composed of ______, a fact that police reformers wish was more well-known to the public.
a) testifying in court
b) order-maintenance tasks ✓ correct
c) crime fighting
d) homicide investigations
Q53. [Multiple Choice]
In order to best measure police performance, which of the following is vital?
a) complete and accurate statistics ✓ correct
b) well-organized reports
c) chronological questions
d) police-approved questions
Q54. [Multiple Choice]
Which finding was supported by the Washington Post’s unofficial accounting of fatal police shootings?
a) People of color are at disproportionately high risk. ✓ correct
b) White people are shot at higher rates per million.
c) Most people who were shot were unarmed.
d) Nearly half of people shot had known mental illnesses.
Q55. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following would be an example of a non-sworn police employee?
a) crime lab botanist ✓ correct
b) officer completing a crime scene sketch
c) officer gathering witness statements
d) officer placing evidence markers at the scene of a shooting
Q56. [Multiple Choice]
Which statement is true of modern policing?
a) Racial and ethnic minorities now comprise about 15% of local police officers.
b) In 2020, over half of the graduates of the John Jay College of Criminal Justice were women. ✓ correct
c) Female officers are more likely to serve jurisdictions with fewer than 25,000 residents.
d) The percentage of officers of color among local police forces has stagnated since 1987.
Q57. [Multiple Choice]
Police officers in the United States are influenced by ______.
a) their own perceptions
b) courts
c) residents of the community
d) all of these ✓ correct
Q58. [Multiple Choice]
Which task would an auxiliary, reserve, or special purpose police officer most likely perform?
a) serving as private bank security
b) overseeing university campus safety
c) patrolling on bicycle ✓ correct
d) enforcing fish and wildlife laws
Q59. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following best describes what police do to maintain order and enforce the law?
a) enforce morals as they are reflected in our laws
b) mediate domestic disputes
c) write tickets to all offenders on traffic stops
d) enforce morals as they are reflected in our laws AND mediate domestic disputes ✓ correct
Q60. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following is TRUE about reserve police officers?
a) They assist regular police officers.
b) They are almost always part time.
c) They are sometimes paid for their service.
d) all of these ✓ correct
Q61. [Multiple Choice]
Societies tend to face a tension between which two needs?
a) individual responsibility and public safety
b) governmental responsibility and public safety
c) order and liberty ✓ correct
d) order and chaos
Q62. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following does NOT employ law enforcement officers?
a) the U.S. Supreme Court
b) the Library of Congress
c) the Environmental Protection Agency
d) All of these employ law enforcement officers. ✓ correct
Q63. [Multiple Choice]
Which of the following does NOT employ law enforcement officers?
a) Amtrak
b) the U.S. Supreme Court
c) the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence ✓ correct
d) the Environmental Protection Agency
Q64. [Multiple Choice]
Which federal agency's mission includes administering immigration laws and ensuring disaster resilience?
a) Library of Congress
b) Department of Homeland Security ✓ correct
c) U.S. Marshals Service
d) U.S. Secret Service
True/False (19)
Q65. [True/False]
The termlaw enforcement officeraccurately describes the day-to-day duties of police officers.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q66. [True/False]
It is possible for the actions of a single police officer to negatively reflect on all police officers.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q67. [True/False]
Mainstream media and pop culture tend to focus on the law enforcement aspects of policing, whereas the majority of officers’ time is actually spent on order maintenance and service to the public.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q68. [True/False]
The responding officer may have to quickly and accurately determine when a citizen is suffering from some sort of mental or behavioral disorder.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q69. [True/False]
The Ferguson effect is argued to have led to a decrease in arrests due to police being wary of enforcing the law as a result of reduced police legitimacy.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q70. [True/False]
Maintaining the security of courthouses is the job of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q71. [True/False]
U.S. Marshals are responsible for transporting all criminal offenders to court.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q72. [True/False]
Before Freddie Gray’s death, the relationship between the police and minority communities was strong.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q73. [True/False]
Public safety needs always receive priority over infrastructure needs in municipalities with tight budgets.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False
Q74. [True/False]
Domestic violence is usually investigated by a state law enforcement agency as opposed to a municipal or county agency.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False
Q75. [True/False]
Police are most often evaluated on order maintenance and service as opposed to anything else.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q76. [True/False]
Typically, highway patrol officers are empowered to provide law enforcement service anywhere in the state, whereas state police have limited authority based on type of offense, jurisdiction, or assignment to specific duties.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q77. [True/False]
The quality of training of police officers remains standardized throughout the United States.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False
Q78. [True/False]
Police departments are, for the most part, identical throughout the United States.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q79. [True/False]
There is a trade-off between citizens’ rights and police power.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q80. [True/False]
The historical lack of racial and ethnic diversity in policing threatens the legitimacy of the profession.
a) True ✓ correct
b) False
Correct answer: True
Q81. [True/False]
State police provide crime prevention training to incoming freshmen at public universities.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False
Q82. [True/False]
Either the law or thorough training can provide a solution to all the problems a police officer will face in the field.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False
Q83. [True/False]
There is no jurisdictional overlap in the United States, because the government aims to avoid confusion about who enforces the law.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False
Essay (8)
Q84. [Essay]
Name two outcomes that police officers are expected to achieve in society.
Suggested answer: Sample response: Police are expected to 1) reduce crime and maintain order, 2) reduce the fear of crime, 3) solve neighborhood problems and improve the quality of life, and 4) develop greater community cohesion.
Q85. [Essay]
Why do you think specialized police forces are necessary?
Suggested answer: Sample response: Special purpose police provide necessary services that would be difficult for a standard police officer to provide in the course of their duties. For instance, ensuring the safety of a university campus is a full-time job that would take a standard police officer away from responding to calls for service in the rest of the town.
Q86. [Essay]
Describe the key differences between state police officers and federal agents.
Suggested answer: Sample response: Federal agents engage in different activities than state police officers. They tend to focus on investigations and control of federal crimes, while state police focus on state crimes.
Q87. [Essay]
List one example from the textbook that points to the changing landscape of policing.
Suggested answer: Sample response: More than half of a recent graduating class from the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in college consisted of women, suggesting more women are joining the police force.
Q88. [Essay]
Give an example of how the landscape in policing has changed in recent years.
Suggested answer: Sample response: The use of technology in policing has changed the way crimes are investigated and solved.
Q89. [Essay]
Why are accurate data on police performance necessary in the field of policing?
Suggested answer: Sample response: Having accurate data is required to hold police accountable. For instance, there is currently no official database on fatal shootings by police. This lack contributes to distrust of police among the public.
Q90. [Essay]
Explain the challenges associated with modifying job definitions in policing to include the emotional aspects of policing.
Suggested answer: Sample response: Historically law enforcement has been a white male–dominated field that has focused on crime fighting. Policing practices have evolved to include the importance of emotions and feelings associated with the service aspects of the profession. Being sure to update the job definitions could encourage more women and people of color to apply for these positions. The inclusion of female officers and officers of color in the workforce has allowed for law enforcement to better handle certain aspects of policing and have decreased the idea of the us vs them mentality.
Q91. [Essay]
Explain how the defining principles of the United States influence the ways police are expected to operate.
Suggested answer: Sample response: All citizens in the United States are granted rights and these rights dictate how the police are expected to operate. Part of policing is to maintain order. However, in order to do this, the police have to work within the confines of protecting individual rights. Police are required to work within the restrictions on police activities that might violate our fundamental constitutional rights.
Hard
Multiple Choice (4)
Q92. [Multiple Choice]
A ______ would be most likely to respond to a domestic violence call to a residence that falls just inside city limits.
a) state trooper
b) DEA agent
c) sheriff's deputy ✓ correct
d) game warden
Q93. [Multiple Choice]
When groups of citizens protest police injustice, they are implying that they believe which of the following?
a) Police, which are an extension of the government, do not have trustworthy motives. ✓ correct
b) The government does not support the police.
c) The police are not hiring enough minorities.
d) The police are not given enough power to do be able to do their job properly.
Q94. [Multiple Choice]
If you were being transported to a federal prison as a result of breaking a federal criminal law, what agency would you anticipate would be coming to pick you up?
a) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
b) the state police
c) the sheriff's office (sheriff's deputies)
d) the U.S. Marshals Service ✓ correct
Q95. [Multiple Choice]
Which organization would be responsible for providing hate crime awareness courses or rape aggression defense training to local college students?
a) game warden
b) state police
c) county sheriff
d) university police ✓ correct
Essay (5)
Q96. [Essay]
If a 20-year-old college student attends a party at an off-campus bar and partakes in underage drinking. What type of officer would most likely respond to this person?
Suggested answer: Sample response: Private security (a bouncer) would be most likely to respond to a college student drinking underage in a bar. University police may also remove the student from the bar. It is also possible that municipal police would respond and detain or arrest the student for drinking underage, which is a status offense.
Q97. [Essay]
If you were on a boat, drinking beer while under the age of 21, and fishing in the middle of the Florida swamp, under whose jurisdiction would you fall? Explain.
Suggested answer: Sample response: Most likely I would fall under the jurisdiction of a conservation police officer or a game warden. These officers enforce fish and wildlife laws, drug laws, and vehicle laws, all of which would apply in this situation.
Q98. [Essay]
Explain the potential consequences of a police officer who does not act ethically, honorably, and professionally.
Suggested answer: Sample response: There are several consequences of a police officer not acting ethically, honorably and professionally. There is a great deal of public scrutiny and outcry in these cases. Officers might face termination or even criminal charges. Additionally, law enforcement agencies around the country suffer from public distrust and a tarnished reputation.
Q99. [Essay]
In what ways do police officers’ responsibilities vary between settings?
Suggested answer: Sample response: Police have several responsibilities. They are responsible for protecting the community while at the same time protecting individual rights. They must meet the expectations of their department as well as the communities they serve. Additionally, they are required to intervene in a variety of social service functions such as domestic violence, individuals with mental or emotional disturbances, and child and elder abuse.
Q100. [Essay]
The text notes that most police departments are struggling financially, attempting to figure out how to make their budgets stretch further. Should these police departments spend limited funding on hiring more officers, providing more training to existing officers, or updating dated equipment? Explain your reasoning.
Suggested answer: Sample response: Ideally all law enforcement agencies could build a budget that would allow for the hiring and training of more officers as well as updating dated equipment. However, realistically, many agencies have to make choices as to where their funding goes. I believe a police department is built on the people who make it up, so I think hiring and training officers should take precedence over updating dated equipment. Although this equipment might make investigations and solving cases easier, it is ultimately the officers on the force who dictate whether a police department is effective.