Test Bank for Development and Social Change 8th Edition by McMichael,
Weber
ISBN: 9781071903506
Development and Social Change (8th)
ISBN 9781071903506 | Chapter 1
Total Questions: 38
Multiple Choice (20)
Q1. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Development, as a project, had its origin in the colonial era because ______.
a) European powers once depended on the colonies for resources and markets ✓ correct
b) the global south needed a leader, which can only be found in Europe
c) Europe is the largest continent in the world
d) Europe survived most development crises in the past
Q2. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
What has been the outcome of neoliberal "free market" international trade and financial relations?
a) a decrease in global manufacturing and agricultural industries
b) enrichment of corporate and financial elites ✓ correct
c) equal distribution of wealth among the global population
d) an end to malnutrition worldwide
Q3. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
How does the Eurocentric narrative of development frame the non-European world?
a) as embodying modernity and scientific progress
b) as representing the future of global development
c) as embodying the past in a linear progression from tradition to modernity ✓ correct
d) as the primary driver of global technological advancements
Q4. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
The colonization of African, Asian, and Latin American countries by European powers is driven mainly by one of the following notions of development. Which is it?
a) development as a social process
b) development as a moral right
c) development as a political intervention ✓ correct
d) development as operation freedom
Q5. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Development extended many forms of social engineering to colonies in order to help them develop like the Europeans. These include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) forced labor schemes
b) schooling
c) segregation
d) annihilation ✓ correct
Q6. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
While ______ produced new class inequalities within colonized societies, ______ racialized international inequality.
a) colonialism, industrialism
b) industrialism, colonialism ✓ correct
c) racism, industrialism
d) colonialism, racism
Q7. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The English factory-model called “Lancaster School” was established in ______.
a) Lancaster
b) Ghana
c) Egypt ✓ correct
d) Sudan
Q8. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
One implication of Walt Rostow’s work, “Stages of Economic Growth” is that development ______.
a) is not an evolutionary process
b) should follow the Western model of free enterprise ✓ correct
c) should create a society in which all are equal
d) should lead to underdevelopment
Q9. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The theorization of development as a series of evolutionary stages, linear sequence is most associated with the work of ______.
a) Joseph Stiglitz
b) Walt Rostow ✓ correct
c) Karl Marx
d) Immanuel Wallerstein
Q10. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
What is one advantage of low-input farming polycultures over agribusiness monocultures?
a) They use more chemicals and technologies to increase production.
b) They focus on a single crop for higher yields.
c) They save seeds, promote biodiversity, and use local knowledge. ✓ correct
d) They receive more subsidies from international systems to "feed the world."
Q11. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
What does Walter Rodney identify as the key factor leading to enduring suffering and ongoing struggles for justice in Africa?
a) The introduction of modern technology by Europeans
b) The European trade in enslaved persons ✓ correct
c) The implementation of new agricultural techniques
d) The spread of European cultural values
Q12. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Dependency analysis posits that the development of the ______.
a) First World occurred at the expense of the underdevelopment of the Third World ✓ correct
b) Third World was delayed because of religious beliefs
c) First World was solely responsible for the underdevelopment of the Third World
d) Third World was spurred by environmental conditions
Q13. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
All of the following are associated with dependency analysis, except ______.
a) Hans Singer
b) Raul Prebisch
c) Andre Gunder Frank
d) Edward Said ✓ correct
Q14. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
In World Systems and Dependency analysis model, the ______ or ______ countries, typically extract resources from ______ or ______ countries.
a) core or Third World, peripheral or First World
b) core or First World, peripheral or Third World ✓ correct
c) peripheral or Third World, core or First World
d) core or Second World, peripheral or First World
Q15. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
The “development project” and “globalization project” are similar in all of these respects, except that both projects ______.
a) focus on the relations between First and Third World
b) are consequences of post-colonialism
c) are examples of idealistic contracts
d) emphasized the important role of the market ✓ correct
Q16. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
What is the economic strategy that is associated with American economist Dani Rodrik?
a) increasing international trade to boost the global economy
b) implementing industrial policies to support the green transition and rebuild domestic supply chains ✓ correct
c) promoting free market capitalism without government intervention
d) expanding export sectors in the global South for greater resource extraction
Q17. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
The sustainability project is a response to the development and globalization projects in the sense that it addresses the ______.
a) benefits of development
b) social and environmental crises caused by globalization ✓ correct
c) challenges posed by climate change only
d) political power vacuums caused by development
Q18. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
The fact that North Americans consume fast foods that may include chicken diced in Mexico or hamburger beef from cattle raised in Costa Rica illustrates the fact that we have become global ______.
a) consumers ✓ correct
b) citizens
c) clients
d) capitalists
Q19. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Which of the following is a consequence of large-scale farming?
a) decreasing greenhouse emissions
b) disruption of agrarian cultures ✓ correct
c) little dependency on fossil fuels
d) investment in oil production
Q20. [Multiple Choice] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Eduardo Galeano’s observation, “advertising enjoins everyone to consume, while the economy prohibits the vast majority of humanity from doing so...”, implies that ______.
a) access to the world’s material wealth is extraordinarily uneven ✓ correct
b) global consumers are a majority of the world’s population
c) advertising is biased
d) global consumerism is a universal aspiration
True/False (8)
Q21. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Development, today, is increasingly about how we survive the future, rather than how we improve on the past.
a) True ✓ correct b) False
Correct answer: True
Q22. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Development ends often justify its means, regardless of how socially and ecologically disruptive the process maybe.
a) True ✓ correct b) False
Correct answer: True
Q23. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Dependency was meant for non-European nations to become developed.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q24. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
The “Stages of Growth” represent development as a reversible, natural, and spontaneous process. a) True
b) False ✓ correct Correct answer: False
Q25. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The concept of dependency describes the relationship between Europe and the non-European world.
a) True ✓ correct b) False
Correct answer: True
Q26. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension World division of labor focuses on local labor markets around the world.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q27. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
The World Health Organization established the Global Green New Deal (GGND) in response to the combined food, fuel, and financial crises.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Q28. [True/False] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
The development, globalization, and sustainability projects have the same goals.
a) True
b) False ✓ correct
Correct answer: False
Essay (10)
Q29. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Briefly explain the statement: “Development’s ends justify its means”.
Suggested answer: Sample response: Students should point out that, despite the fact that development entailed significant social and environmental costs, its long-term consequences far outweigh the upheavals. Hence, indicators of development, such as industrialization and an increase in a nation’s wealth, became synonymous with progress.
Q30. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
What is the difference between development as a “social process” and development as “political intervention”?
Suggested answer: Sample response: Students should point out that in the early part of the nineteenth century, development was understood, philosophically, as an attempt aimed at improving human welfare through various processes (for example, through the accumulation of knowledge and wealth, as well as improvements in technology). In reality, many European political elites went beyond the narrow definition of a social process, and interpreted development in practical terms, as synonymous with actual intervention in societies through government policies and attempts at industrialization.
Q31. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
What is the relationship between “White Man’s Burden” and development as a project?
Suggested answer: Sample response: There is implied racism in the phrase (white man’s burden) – that is, the belief by white imperialists that they had to impose their civilization on Black colonists, as a precondition for development, in a process that came to be known as modernization.
Q32. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Explain the statement: “Development involved a relation of power.”
Suggested answer: Sample response: Development entailed and resulted in the domination of colonial subjects and introduced many social transformations such as new educational systems and agriculture to the colonies, to ensure they served the interests of the colonists or imperialists.
Q33. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
What function did the “colonial division of labor” serve, during the colonial era, and in shaping the terms of reference of the development project?
Suggested answer: Sample response: Students should point out that the colonial division of labor was instrumental in the development project to the extent that it created inequalities in production and consumption between the First and the Third World, and used the Third World mainly as sources of raw materials and markets for sale and consumption of finished goods.
Q34. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Explain how development theory is challenged by social change.
Suggested answer: Sample response: Students should show an understanding of development theory and how it is used to justify overtaking non-European countries and exploiting them for their resources. Then students should state that an understanding of the process of development theory should offer venues for creating social change to counteract exploitation of non-European nations.
Q35. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Briefly explain the “environmentalist’s paradox.”
Suggested answer: Sample response: The term “environmentalist’s paradox” was coined in the United Nations’ 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment to refer to the irony of development: that the last half century of human action has had the most intensive and extensive negative impact on world ecosystems ever, and yet this has been accompanied by continuing global gains in human well-being.
Q36. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
What is a commodity chain?
Suggested answer: Sample response: Commodity chains refer to the interconnections among producing communities dispersed across the world. The concept allows us to understand that when we consume a product, such as coffee, we often participate in a global process that links us to a variety of places, people, and resources.
Q37. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Define and explain the significance of each of the following projects: development project, globalization project, and sustainability project.
Suggested answer: Sample response: The Development Project refers to the anticolonial sentiments that built up over the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It focused on decolonization and achieving political independence for former colonies. It also emphasized "economic nationalism," where newly independent countries aimed to build their economies through state-led initiatives and development programs, often supported by international cooperation within the United Nations framework. The Globalization Project was a phase in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries that marked a shift toward opening world markets, with a focus on trade and investment liberalization. Driven by powerful corporate and financial sectors, the Globalization Project promoted a global economy characterized by free trade, deregulation, and the expansion of multinational corporations. It often prioritized economic growth over national economic policies. The Sustainability Project is a potential future project which emphasizes addressing ecological and environmental concerns arising from intensive global consumption and resource extraction. It advocates for sustainable development practices, aiming to balance economic growth with environmental protection and social well-being, reflecting a shift toward more sustainable and equitable ways of living.
Q38. [Essay] · Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
How can the market be considered as a vehicle for social change?
Suggested answer: Sample response: The market can be considered a vehicle for social change by aligning with the philosophy that markets maximize individual preferences and efficiently allocate resources. This belief, institutionalized in development policy worldwide, derives from a popular interpretation of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations and neoclassical economic theory. It views self-gain via the market as driving the aspiration for improvement, aggregated as consumption. This market behavior is seen as a natural human propensity in liberal Western philosophy, although critics argue it discounts other human traits such as cooperation, redistribution, and reciprocity.