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WCivil War
hen Civil War premiered last April, its premise—a second American civil war—felt like speculative fiction. But reality has since blurred the lines. An attempted assassination of President Trump, his return to power, waves of racial unrest, the killing of journalist Kirk, and the deployment of the National Guard to defiant cities have shifted the narrative. What once seemed implausible now feels disturbingly conceivable.
The United States appears adrift, unable to rally around a unifying leader or vision. In a rapidly shifting multipolar world, only China seems to navigate with clarity. Europe, Russia, and the U.S. stumble through uncertainty, searching for relevance and direction. The American mythos— once rooted in optimism, innovation, and unity— now flickers under the weight of internal division and global repositioning.
This disorientation isn’t confined to the U.S. In Serbia, the past year has unfolded like a slowburning crisis. Excessive police force against demonstrators, the use of stones, batons, flares, bottles—even pyrotechnics—have turned protests into battlegrounds. It’s a grim miracle that no lives have been lost. But should tragedy strike, Serbia too may spiral into a scenario once reserved for fiction. The threshold between unrest and collapse is thinner than we like to admit.
And Serbia, as the largest country in the Western Balkans, is not an isolated actor. Its political temperature affects the entire region—Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and beyond. When Serbia trembles, its neighbors feel the aftershocks. The fragile equilibrium of post-Yugoslav states depends not only on diplomacy but on restraint, empathy, and a shared commitment to peace.
What’s striking is the emotional parallel between these two worlds—America, which I’ve admired since childhood through its media, literature, and cinema, and the Balkans, my birthplace, my home, my professional ground. Both are wrestling with identity. Both are haunted by history. Both are searching for a narrative that can hold them together.
In America, my eldest daughter studies, dreams, and builds her future. In the Balkans, I live, work, and witness the daily pulse of a society trying to reconcile its past with its present. I want both places to thrive. I want them to choose dialogue over division, dignity over dominance, and memory over myth.
We are not characters in a dystopian screenplay. We are citizens, parents, neighbors, and storytellers. And if storytelling has taught me anything, it’s that the arc of history bends not only toward justice—but toward those who dare to imagine a better ending.
Robert Čoban
Call us or send us request on: e-mail: pretplata-dc@color.rs
H.E. Mr. Stefan Dimitrov, Ambassador of Bulgaria to Montenegro
United in Friendship and a European Vision
Bulgaria and Montenegro nurture relations that go beyond protocol — a partnership built on trust, cultural connections, and a shared European journey
In a time of global challenges and changes that demand stronger regional cooperation and solidarity, the relations between Bulgaria and Montenegro stand out as an example of genuine partnership and mutual respect. The two countries, despite differences in size and historical experience, are united by similar visions for the future, common European values, and deeply rooted friendship between their peoples.
Since the moment Bulgaria was among the first to recognize Montenegro’s independence, their relations have consistently developed in the spirit of understanding, open dialogue, and tangible cooperation. Today, these relations span a wide range of areas — from politics and the economy to culture, ed-
ucation, innovation, and digital technologies. Every meeting and joint project further strengthens the bridges connecting the two states, making them reliable partners on both European and regional levels.
That is why Bulgaria’s Ambassador to Montenegro, H.E. Stefan Dimitrov, speaks with particular dedication about the joint efforts to strengthen cooperation, the cultural and humanitarian ties that transcend borders, and Bulgaria’s support for Montenegro’s European path. His words reflect a spirit of friendship as well as a deep conviction that collaboration, understanding, and dialogue are the foundation for a stable future in our region.
On current priorities, projects that bring people together, and
the vision of a shared European home, Ambassador Dimitrov speaks as a diplomat whose mission in Montenegro demonstrates that diplomacy, when rooted in sincerity and respect, becomes a true bridge between peoples.
JOINT INTERESTS AND CONCRETE COOPERATION
How do you assess the current relations between Bulgaria and Montenegro, and which areas of cooperation do you consider the most promising in the coming years?
It would not be an exaggeration to say that our two countries are an example of problem-free relations in the region of Southeastern Europe. Our dialogue is active and dynamic, especially at the highest political level.
During my two-year mandate in Montenegro, we have had regular exchanges of visits between presidents and prime ministers, speakers of parliaments, as well as ministers of culture, tourism, and other departments. The most recent example is the successful visit of the Prime Minister of Bulgaria, Rosen Zhelyazkov, and three ministers – the Deputy Prime Minister, the Minister of Transport, the Minister of Tourism, and the Minister of Health – to Podgorica in September. During the visit of Prime Minister Rosen Zhelyazkov to the Prime Minister of Montenegro, Milojko Spajić, an Agreement on Scientific and Technological Cooperation between Bulgaria and Montenegro was signed. We are striving to maintain the momentum created by our high-level officials and to translate it into concrete steps toward strengthening cooperation in various areas. Our current efforts are focused on establishing a regular air route between Sofia and Podgorica. Connectivity is the key word of today – a conditio sine qua non for a better business environment. We are exploring different possibilities, and a joint working group of experts from both countries has been formed to propose the most feasible solution. I sincerely hope that this connection will soon become a reality.
Bulgaria was among the first countries to recognize Montenegro’s independence. How do you assess the development of our relations during these years of independence?
From the very beginning of Montenegro’s independence, Bulgaria has been one of its strongest allies, relying on the centuries-old ties between our peoples.
H.E. MR. STEFAN DIMITROV Ambassador of Bulgaria to Montenegro
We were among the first countries to open an embassy in Podgorica. Over the past two decades, our relations have made significant progress in all areas. Political dialogue has been ongoing at various levels, including the highest ones. Both countries have gone through democratic transitions and internal reforms, which have further encouraged cooperation. This is the best proof that our relations are built on solid and lasting foundations.
THE BRIDGE OF HUMANITY
Which projects today symbolically represent the bridges of friendship between Bulgaria and Montenegro?
Friendship can be expressed in many ways, but I deeply believe that the most beautiful among them is direct contact between people. A tragic event more than twenty years ago permanently connected our peoples – the loss of 12 Bulgarian students whose bus fell into the Lim River near Bijelo Polje. The heroic act of the local population, who rushed to help and save the children without hesitation, has been forever engraved in the collective memory of the Bulgarian people. This bridge of humanity is renewed every year – the families and relatives of the deceased children come to the commemoration in Bijelo Polje, where local authorities and citizens always welcome them with great warmth and compassion. In addition to this powerful symbol of humanity, we are also strengthening our relations through concrete projects – cultural and educational exchanges, visits by artists, painters, musicians, and performers. Furthermore, Montenegro is one of the priority countries for Bulgaria’s development cooperation. Every year, we finance various projects through the Official Development Assistance (ODA) Program, aimed at sustainable development, support for civil society, entrepreneurship, and local self-government. Between 2019 and 2024, Bulgaria allocated more than 400,000 euros to Montenegro for 13 projects that have been completed or are in their final stages.
How do you assess the cooperation in the fields of tourism, energy, and digital technologies? Bulgaria and Montenegro are recognized as leading tourist
destinations in the region, and our goal is to further strengthen this sector through joint efforts. We have launched joint tourism products aimed at visitors from third countries, thereby promoting our destinations on global markets. When it comes to digital technologies, discussions are underway about connecting startup companies from both countries to jointly develop innovative projects in this promising sector.
Culture and education often connect nations more strongly than politics. How do these areas contribute to mutual understanding between our countries?
No matter how simple it may sound, I deeply believe that young people are the future of every country. Investing in education means investing in the future. We need to encourage the exchange of pupils and students between our schools and universities and enable young people to meet and collaborate. Today’s children are tomorrow’s leaders, scientists, entrepreneurs, and engineers who will shape the destiny of our countries. Culture, on the other hand, represents the soul of a nation – its identity card before the world. Opening up to the culture and traditions of another country means building a bridge of understanding. That is why we attach great importance to cultural exchange. We want to present to our audiences the best that Bulgaria and Montenegro have to offer in the fields of art and creativity, and to show how close we actually are, even though we have known each other too little until now. Among numerous examples of successful cooperation, I would highlight last year’s visit by the State Opera and Ballet from Ruse, the Bulgarian Culture Week in Montenegro, as well as the erection of a monument to Ivan Vazov, the famous Bulgarian writer and poet, in Cetinje.
How does Bulgaria view Montenegro’s European path and how can it support its progress toward EU membership?
Bulgaria’s unwavering support for Montenegro’s European integration forms the foundation of our mutual trust. Over the past two years, Montenegro has made impressive progress in accession negotiations, demon-
WE WANT MONTENEGRO TO BECOME PART OF THE EUROPEAN FAMILY TO WHICH IT NATURALLY BELONGS – AND BULGARIA WILL BE BY ITS SIDE ON THAT PATH
strating that genuine commitment to reforms brings tangible results. Bulgaria wants to see Montenegro as a full-fledged member of the European Union – a family to which it naturally belongs. We are ready to share our experience and expertise gained during our own accession process. The enlargement policy benefits all member states – both old and new – and represents the most successful mechanism that has fundamentally transformed Southeast Europe in recent decades. When Montenegro becomes the 28th EU member, it will join a circle of friends in which Bulgaria holds a special place.
SHARED VALUES
Which values and traits most strongly connect Bulgarians and Montenegrins?
We often forget how similar the Balkan peoples are, despite a complex and sometimes difficult history. Traits that connect Bulgarians and Montenegrins include strong family ties and
intergenerational continuity, love for one’s homeland, and respect for tradition. Above all, there is warmth, hospitality, and openness to the world.
What personally inspires you the most in your work in Montenegro and in your encounters with its citizens?
In one word – love. Love for the beauty of this remarkable country, for its generous and receptive people, in both towns and villages. It is the feeling of having found a second home – one you didn’t even know existed until you stepped into it.
If you had to describe the bridge of friendship between Bulgaria and Montenegro in one sentence, what would it be?
This is probably the most difficult question, but I would say it is an old bridge, built on friendship, mutual respect, and a shared ambition to be part of the same family – the European Union – which continues to grow.
Ervin Ibrahimović, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Montenegro, in New York
Building Stronger Ties in Global Affairs
From meetings with the diaspora and initiatives for clean air to active participation within the United Nations, Montenegro continues to showcase its international engagement and strategic orientation
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Montenegro, Ervin Ibrahimović, participated in the General Debate of the 80th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, held from 19th to 25th September in New York. Throughout seven days, the Minister presented Montenegro as a responsible and active state on the international stage, strengthening ties with the diaspora, promoting humanitarian initiatives, and advancing bilateral and multilateral relations.
One of the most significant moments of the visit was the opening of the international event “Healthy Indoor Air – A Global Call to Action”, organised by Montenegro in cooperation with France and supported by international scientific institutions. Ibrahimović emphasised that, from the very first article of its Constitution, Montenegro is defined as an ecological state.
“Improving air quality in schools and workplaces is not merely a technical issue; it is an investment in the health and future of our children,” stated the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Montenegro.
The event culminated in the signing of the Global Charter on Healthy Air, through which the international community formally recognised, for the first time, clean air in classrooms, hospitals, and workplaces as a universal human right.
INNOVATION AND SECURITY
Ibrahimović addressed the United Nations Security Council during the debate on artificial intelligence, highlighting its potential to strengthen peacekeeping missions, enable early warning systems and improve humanitarian response, while also pointing out the serious risks it poses and the need for glob-
al responsibility and partnership in managing new technologies.
“If we act responsibly and together, artificial intelligence can become a force for peace, not a threat,” stated Ibrahimović.
At the Transatlantic Dinner hosted by the United States Secretary of State, Mark Rubio, the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs discussed the modernisation of Montenegro’s armed forces, the development of drone projects in partnership with the United States, and the strengthening of transatlantic unity, underscoring Montenegro’s continued support for Ukraine through humanitarian and security assistance.
During his stay in New York, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ervin Ibrahimović participated in several important meetings and gatherings ahead of the 80th Session of the United Nations General Assembly, reaf-
firming Montenegro’s strong commitment to enhancing regional cooperation, multilateralism, and gender equality.
Together with world leaders, Ibrahimović attended the ceremony marking the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations, emphasising Montenegro’s commitment to joint initiatives for peace and to strengthening the role of the UN in addressing global challenges.
At the working breakfast of the Adriatic-Ionian Initiative, he underlined that European integration is essential for the long-term stability and prosperity of the region, stating that “the European Union is not merely a geopolitical necessity, but a shared framework for peace, development, and the democratic values we all uphold.” He added that Montenegro remains firmly committed to completing accession negotiations by the end of 2026
and achieving full membership by 2028, emphasising that “regional cooperation and the building of trust are the best instruments for overcoming challenges and opening new opportunities for citizens.”
FOR EQUALITY AND JUSTICE
Speaking at the meeting marking the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, Ibrahimović underlined that Montenegro stands alongside its global partners in promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls.
“Advocating for women’s rights, combating violence and discrimination, and challenging deeply rooted stereotypes – this is the essence of good governance and the foundation of sustainable development,” emphasised Ibrahimović. He recalled that Montenegro’s national strategies are fully aligned with international standards and
ERVIN IBRAHIMOVIĆ
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Montenegro, in New York
the Sustainable Development Goals. “It is up to us – the governments that hold power – to create a just and equal future for all women and girls. We owe this to our mothers and daughters – but, above all, we owe it to our societies as a whole,” stated Ibrahimović.
Furthermore, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ibrahimović participated in the high-level meeting on Palestine, where Montenegro once again reaffirmed its commitment to international efforts aimed at achieving a just and sustainable peace based on the two-state solution, in accordance with international law and relevant UN resolutions.
As part of his humanitarian engagement, the Minister signed the Declaration on the Protection of Humanitarian Personnel, through which Montenegro reaffirmed its dedication to upholding international standards and safeguarding humanitarian workers – those essential to saving lives in crisis situations.
PARTNERSHIPS
The visit to New York provided an opportunity for Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ibrahimović to participate in two significant events dedicated to strengthening regional cooperation, transatlantic partnership, and the European perspective of the Western Balkans.
On the margins of the United Nations General Assembly, Ibrahimović attended the working breakfast of the US-Adriatic Charter (A5), organised by Bosnia and Herzegovina in its capacity as the current chair. On this occasion, the Minister highlighted the importance of intensifying political dialogue, building mutual trust, and fostering practical cooperation
with the aim of further advancing the region’s European and Euro-Atlantic integration. He particularly emphasised that Montenegro’s membership in NATO represents a key pillar of national security and that the country “remains a reliable ally actively contributing to the strengthening of Euro-Atlantic stability.”
Ibrahimović underlined the importance of the strategic partnership with the United States, expressing his conviction that transatlantic cooperation and the United States’ commitment to the Western Balkans are essential for strengthening shared values and common interests.
Additionally, he took part in the Ministerial Meeting of the Group of Friends of the Western Balkans, hosted by the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Italy, Antonio Tajani, and attended by the President of the European Parliament, Roberta Metsola.
In his address, Ibrahimović expressed gratitude for the continuous support of the EU enlargement policy, emphasising that it represents not only a technical process but also a strategic investment in the stability, resilience, and prosperity of the entire continent. He particularly stressed the importance of evaluating each candidate country’s progress based on its individual achievements, thereby ensuring the credibility of the process and maintaining citizens’ trust in European reforms.
“Montenegro remains firmly committed to the European agenda and stands ready to actively participate in all EU initiatives and policies relevant to the further prosperity of the Western Balkans,” stated Ibrahimović.
According to him, Montenegro’s ambition as a future member state is not only to benefit from EU membership, but also to make
SEVEN DAYS IN NEW YORK DEMONSTRATED THAT MONTENEGRO IS ACTIVELY DETERMINING ITS INTERNATIONAL PROFILE – FROM HUMANITARIAN ENGAGEMENT AND HEALTH INITIATIVES, THROUGH STRENGTHENING EURO-ATLANTIC STABILITY AND THE EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE, TO ITS COMMITMENT TO THE VALUES OF MULTILATERALISM AND THE FURTHER ENHANCEMENT OF BILATERAL RELATIONS.
a meaningful contribution to the collective security and resilience of the European Union.
HUMAN RIGHTS AND SOLIDARITY
At the high-level event on missing persons in armed conflicts, Ibrahimović emphasised that the right of families to know the truth is “an inalienable human right and a prerequisite for reconciliation and lasting peace.” He reminded that in Montenegro there are still 50 unresolved cases of persons missing from the wars of the 1990s. He underlined that Montenegro will continue to strengthen its legislative and institutional framework in order to “ensure reparations and a dignified approach to the families of victims.” He placed special emphasis on regional cooperation and the exchange of information, as well as on the importance of multilateral mechanisms such as the Berlin Process and the Regional Database on Missing Persons, as key instruments in the reconciliation process. By participating in the Fifth Summit of the International Crimea Platform, Ibrahimović reaffirmed Montenegro’s consistent support for the independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of Ukraine. He stressed that Montenegro’s solidarity with Ukraine is both active and principled, “expressed through humanitarian assistance, diplomatic engagement, and support for Ukraine’s resilience.”
BILATERAL COOPERATION
On the margins of the General Debate, Ibrahimović held numerous bilateral meetings, including with representatives of Liechtenstein, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Saudi Arabia, the United States, the Maldives, and UNDP. Together with the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Environment and Culture of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Sabine Monauni, Ibrahimović signed the Agreement on the Elimination of Double Taxation, thereby creating the preconditions for new investments and stronger economic cooperation.
At his meeting with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Bakhtiyor Saidov, a Protocol on Cooperation and Consultations between the two Ministries of Foreign Affairs was signed, while with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia, Battsetseg Batmunkh, he signed a Memorandum of Cooperation between the two Ministries of Foreign Affairs, establishing institutional frameworks for intensifying contacts and opening avenues for strengthening political, economic, and cultural ties. At all meetings, discussions focused on modalities for enhancing bilateral cooperation in areas of mutual interest, with particular emphasis on the economy, tourism, and culture. The participants also exchanged views on current geopolitical challenges and on joint activities within multilateral forums.
DIASPORA
Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ervin Ibrahimović, together with the President of Montenegro, Jakov Milatović, met with representatives of the diaspora. Ibrahimović emphasised that the diaspora represents an inseparable part of Montenegro’s identity and development.
“The human, intellectual, and economic potential of our citizens is a bridge that connects Montenegro with the United States and the rest of the world. The diaspora is our key partner in achieving further social progress and a source of Montenegro’s strength abroad,” stated Ibrahimović.
As he emphasised, he is confident that the diaspora will continue, through united efforts, to support Montenegro’s European path and extended his gratitude for organising numerous humanitarian events, through which they selflessly demonstrate their willingness to assist the most vulnerable citizens of Montenegro.
“The diaspora can be a driving force of economic development through investment, mentorship, and expert support,” concluded Ibrahimović.
Photo: Bojana
Government of Montenegro
Vladislav Dajković, president of the political party Free Montenegro and head of the Citizens' Service
Local Leadership, Global Vision
Bridging Citizens and Diplomacy: Vladislav Dajković’s Vision for Podgorica as a Hub of Transparency, Innovation, and Regional Leadership
The president of the political party Free Montenegro and head of the Citizens' Service discusses priorities, international cooperation, and the vision for the development of Podgorica.
In an interview for the magazine Diplomacy & Commerce, Vladislav Dajković talks about the challenges and achievements in working with citizens, as well as his vision of Podgorica as a center for dialogue, innovation, and international cooperation.
Your position as a member of the City Assembly of Podgorica and head of the Citizens' Service carries significant responsibilities. What do you consider your greatest achievement in these roles—and how do you perceive their impact on the daily lives of citizens?
I believe my greatest achievement is enhancing the transparency and accessibility of services for citizens. We've implemented more efficient procedures, simplified communication channels, and enabled citizens to more easily obtain information and resolve their issues. This makes daily life smoother—from quicker document processing to more responsive handling of complaints. My goal is for the Citizens' Service to become a symbol of trust and openness in the city administration.
In the context of public diplomacy – how would you like citizens and the international community to perceive Podgorica and Montenegro through your role? What channels and tools do you use to shape the image? It is important to me that we present Podgorica as a modern, open, and inclusive city. I want citizens and the international community to recognize the capital as a place of dialogue, cultural exchange, and innovation. We utilize various channels—from
I WANT PODGORICA TO BE RECOGNIZED, BOTH BY ITS CITIZENS AND THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, AS A MODERN EUROPEAN CAPITAL — A HUB OF DIALOGUE, CULTURAL EXCHANGE, AND INNOVATION THAT PROUDLY BUILDS ITS FUTURE WHILE RESPECTING ITS TRADITIONS
social media and local and international media to public events and forums—to convey the image of a city that respects tradition while boldly building its future.
How important is communication with citizens compared to communication with international actors in your work? How do you balance these two aspects?
I believe both levels are equally important and complement each other. Citizens must feel that local government is accessible, listens to them, and responds to their needs. At the same time, opening Podgorica to the international community creates new opportunities—from investments and cultural and educational projects to infrastructure devel-
opment. My job is to ensure that these two dimensions are not separated but work together for the benefit of all citizens.
Do you see elements of “commercial diplomacy” in your work, where local government encourages business, investment, and partnerships? If so, what has your experience been like?
In my work, I see a clear connection between local governance and fostering the development of the business environment. Our goal is to make Podgorica an attractive destination for investors, and we achieve this through streamlined administrative procedures, providing support for entrepreneurs, and the promotion of projects that
can attract new investments. We’ve launched several initiatives that connect local entrepreneurs with international partners and promote innovation.
Does your position enable the Capital City to serve as a bridge between domestic policies and international actors? Do you have examples of cooperation with diplomatic missions or international organizations? How do you view regional cooperation in the Western Balkans? I believe that the Capital City plays a unique role in connecting domestic and international stakeholders. Through collaboration with embassies, international organizations, and partner cities, we have been able to create opportunities for experience exchange and joint projects. In the area of regional cooperation, I particularly value the significance of joint infrastructure and cultural initiatives that strengthen stability and economic development in the Western Balkans. Such cooperation sends a clear message that the region is ready to take collective steps toward European standards.
What are the key priorities you plan to implement in the upcoming period, and howdo you intend to achieve them?
Further digitalization of services, enhancing communication with citizens, and creating conditions for the sustainable development of the city. We plan to introduce new platforms that will allow citizens to monitor the work of the administration in real-time, as well as initiatives aimed at improving the quality of public spaces and infrastructure. All of these efforts will be carried out in partnership with local and international institutions, because only through joint efforts can we build a city that meets the needs of its citizens.
Photo: Free Montenegro
VLADISLAV DAJKOVIĆ president of the political party Free Montenegro and head of the Citizens' Service
Petar Kapisoda, President of the Handball Federation of Montenegro
Under the Montenegrin flag –with a full heart and pride
A country should be loved like a mother – with unconditional love and respect for its symbols: the coat of arms, the anthem, and the flag
For him, handball was never just a sport. It was a way to demonstrate loyalty to his country, the strength of character, and the power of unity. As a player, he carried the weight of expectations, but also the pride of the people. Today, as President of the Handball Federation of Montenegro, Petar Kapisoda speaks with equal passion about discipline, role models, and the values that sport conveys to future generations.
Players like you become not only sporting, but also cultural icons. How did you personally build your identity off the court?
Behaviour on the court does not mean much if, off it, you do not set the proper example. When I say that, I am thinking above all of younger colleagues and athletes. I believe a person is defined by their deeds – both on and off the court. In an age when everything is visible and accessible through the internet and social media, one must be careful about every word spoken and every action taken. The primary mission is to be a role model for those who are coming after us. One should always use their voice and influence to promote the right values, so that younger generations have a clear signpost. During my career, I treated my teammates like an older brother – and that remains the case today, while I serve as President of the Handball Federation of Montenegro.
During your career, major political changes took place in the region. How did you experience them, and was sport a kind of outlet?
I would not say that sport was an outlet. I played for three different countries during a period of transition and political change, but sport was always the thing that united us and protected us from divisions. We never had relationships burdened by politics. Sport was the bridge that connected us then, and it intertwines us still today. I am convinced that top athletes, when they meet, do not speak about politics, but about better things – shared memories, experiences, and sporting moments.
How did you feel when representing your country on the international stage?
For me, it was the fulfilment of
FOR PETAR KAPISODA, HANDBALL HAS NEVER BEEN JUST A GAME – BUT A MISSION TO BUILD BRIDGES AMONG PEOPLE AND THE GENERATIONS YET TO COME, THROUGH DISCIPLINE, FAIR PLAY, AND PRIDE BENEATH THE MONTENEGRIN FLAG
all my childhood and sporting dreams. The greatest honour and privilege of my career was to wear the Montenegrin jersey. Whenever I stood beneath the flag and listened to the anthem, I felt profound pride – and that is a feeling that never fades. There is nothing more exhilarating than representing your country with pride across the world. I believe a country should be loved like a mother – with unconditional love and respect for its symbols: the coat of arms, the anthem, and the flag.
How did you cope with the pressure and expectations during key matches?
Sport is merciless because it is exact – everything is measured by results. Not everyone is des-
territory of the former Yugoslavia. The breakup of Yugoslavia brought a decline in quality, but today most countries from that area have strong national teams, both in men’s and women’s handball. On the court we are opponents, but after the match relations remain friendly and correct. I am proud that our men’s national team has, in recent years, achieved victories against all the national sides of the former Yugoslavia – at least one in head-to-head encounters.
What does victory personally mean to you – the result, or the opportunity to demonstrate the dignity, fair play, and culture of a country?
Victory is always the consequence – of effort, discipline, and attitude towards responsibilities. In sport, nothing comes by itself. Every success is preceded by gruelling physical and mental work. The pathway is thorny, and every result is paid for with sweat, nerves, blood, and sacrifice. Fair play is taken for granted, but regardless of the outcome, one’s attitude towards the game and the opponent must be impeccable. Desire and fight must never be in doubt, whether in victory or defeat. It is precisely in this that the culture of a country is reflected. That is why we teach our players that fair play is the foundation of every match.
What do you see as the key challenges for handball in the next ten years: the audience, finances, competitiveness, or the digitalisation of sport?
tined to carry the burden of responsibility, especially at the biggest international competitions. But that responsibility never belongs to just one person – it is shared with teammates, the public, and the fans. When we speak of Montenegro’s national team, the team and the supporters form an inseparable unity. One makes no sense without the other. Success is a joy we share together, and even in moments of failure we must remain united.
Handball has often been a bridge among the peoples of the Balkans. To what extent is sport actually a form of “soft diplomacy” and reconciliation? I have always perceived sport as a bridge that connects people in the Balkans, especially in the
First and foremost, infrastructure. We are lagging behind developed European countries – our capital city still does not have a modern multi-functional arena that meets international standards. The second major challenge is financing. At present, the state covers around 50 per cent of our annual needs, while we struggle to secure the remainder from various sources. It is necessary to find sustainable models of financing, and we are working towards handball being granted the status of a national sport, which would give us additional security. Another particular challenge is the fact that we have a small base but huge ambitions. We strive for results every year – because only in that way can we push handball forward.
Synergy of knowledge, technology and inspiration
Three days of interactive presentations, robots, VR simulations and educational content demonstrated that knowledge and technology have their future in Montenegro
The National Science and Innovation Festival 2025, held from 24 th to 26th September at SC Morača –Bemax Arena, concluded with a record number of visitors. Over three days, the public explored the latest achievements of the domestic scientific and technological scene through interactive presentations, workshops, demonstrations and experiments. Particular attention from visitors was drawn to: autonomous robots, solutions based on artificial intelligence, advanced simulation systems of domestic production, and VR and AR technologies already finding applications in industry, education, and entertainment.
"This year's festival demonstrated that knowledge is at the centre of attention. Through thousands of visits, experiments, and encounters between young people and researchers, we see that Montenegro has the talent, knowledge, and strength to move forward. Thank you to everyone who contributed to making the festival shine with full brilliance," stated Professor Dr Anđela Jakšić Stojanović , Minister of Education, Science and Innovation. As she adds, this festival is not merely a collection of presentations and workshops but a "living network of contacts, ideas and inspiration." Professor Dr Jakšić Stojanović concludes that every interaction here can be the beginning of an innovation, project or collaboration with tangible impact on society and the economy.
– The synergy of science, education, and economy enables Montenegro to become a competitive player in developing advanced technologies and the digital economy – said Dr Jakšić Stojanović.
EXPO ZONE: TECHNOLOGIES IN FOCUS
The central part of the festival was the expo zone, where visitors could see and test technologies with practical applications today. Notable segments included autonomous robots and modern simulators for training and entertainment, as well as VR and AR environments that enable learning through play, along with educational content for the youngest that encourages curiosity and develops STEM skills.
"Our goal is to bring science closer to everyone – from the youngest to adults. When children learn about robotics, programming or scientific principles through play, we lay foundations for future generations of researchers and innovators," emphasised the coordinator of
the educational program, Dr Jelena Petrović
YOUNG INNOVATORS AND PUBLIC ENERGY
The festival was also a place where young people could express their potential and creativity.
"This year's Science and Innovation Festival exceeded expectations, both in the number of visitors and in the energy brought by young people, researchers and innovators. It is satisfying to see that the technologies we develop generate this much interest, and that together we are building a bridge between science, the economy, and society. I believe that foundations for the next steps have been laid right here," emphasised the founder of Five Group company, Ivan Šoć.
The festival was jointly organised by: Ministry of Education, Science and Innovation (MPNI), Five Groupwith partners the University of Montenegro, IPC Tehnopolis, and the Prona Foundation. The objective of the festival was the promotion of science and technology through interactive content and practical demonstrations, as well as connecting researchers, entrepreneurs and students with the broader society
Visitors experienced through demonstrations and interactive content how technology affects everyday life and the future of Montenegro.
EDUCATION AND POPULARISATION OF SCIENCE
One key objective of the festival is to popularise STEM fields and strengthen scientific literacy. Interactive workshops, experiments and demonstrations enabled the public of all ages to understand principles of modern technologies and scientific methods. The festival devoted special attention to the education of children and youth through content that motivates curiosity and creative thinking.
MESSAGE FOR THE FUTURE
As explained in the Ministry of Education, Science, and Innovation's press release, the festival demonstrated that knowledge, technology, and creativity together can inspire generations, mobilise society, and open doors to a future already becoming reality.
This year's edition confirms that Montenegro has talent, knowledge and capacities to be an active participant in the global technological scene. The festival proved that cooperation between institutions, education, and business creates a strong and dynamic platform for innovation, the development of new technologies, and the strengthening of STEM fields, the press release concludes.
Photo: Government of Montenegro
Montenegro is increasingly recognized as a hub for international financial experts. This year’s conference brought together over 500 participants from 24 countries, including representatives from key institutions, the private sector, and regional leaders. Discussions on SEPA integration, the new Corporate Governance Code, and the role of bonds in financing diversification demonstrated that even smaller markets can raise significant questions for the global financial community
The conference focused on innovations shaping the future of finance: artificial intelligence, cryptocurrencies, and sustainable reporting. Special attention was drawn to the educational project “Kapitalko,” aimed at financial education for the youngest generation, highlighting that a stable financial system begins with knowledge and public trust
International Financial Forum in Podgorica
Global Focus On The Region
In mid-September, Montenegro became the focus of the international financial community as Podgorica hosted the third "Montenegro Financial Markets" conference. The event welcomed more than 520 participants from 24 countries, including representatives of institutions, the private sector, and guests from the region, reaffirming the conference’s status as a vital platform for exchanging knowledge and experience in the field of finance.
This year’s event was organized in cooperation with the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank of Montenegro, with support from partners and sponsors — most notably VISA, serving as the platinum sponsor.Over the two days, the conference featured numerous panel discussions addressing current topics, including Montenegro's integration into the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA), which will facilitate business operations for citizens and the economy, and the introduction of a new Corporate Governance Code aimed at enhancing business standards and strengthening capital market transparency.
Participants also engaged in discussions on emerging trends shaping the future of global finance: the development of artificial intelligence, the cryptocurrency market, and the strategic importance of corporate bonds for financing
Montenegro is emerging as a laboratory for financial innovation. This year’s forum highlighted strategies for risk management, cross-border investment, and fintech development in smaller markets. Special focus was given to sustainable finance, showing how ESG principles can drive growth while fostering social impact. Startups and international experts connected to explore new solutions, demonstrating that even compact economies can shape global financial trends and inspire practical, forward-looking approaches
diversification.In parallel, several specialized events were organized, such as a workshop by the World Bank and the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) focusing on sustainable reporting practices. Additionally, a presentation was held on the new Corporate Governance Code, attended by 100 Montenegrin shareholders. Particular attention was drawn to the "Kapitalko" project, dedicated to financial education for the youngest generation, highlighting the importance of early education for long-term financial stability.
The conference once again confirmed that dialogue between institutions, markets, and the private sector is key to building a stable and sustainable financial system. Though small, Montenegro continues to demonstrate that it can hold a meaningful place in the global conversation about the future of finance.
Thanks to this year’s edition, "Montenegro Financial Markets" has clearly established itself not only as a venue for exchanging ideas, but as a platform where ideas are transformed into concrete projects. It is evident that the conference will become a traditional international forum, further positioning Montenegro on the global map of financial events.
Piva Lake
Still Waters, Deep Stories: The Spirit of Piva Lake
45 kilometres long, 188 metres deep, yet truly infinite when it comes to the splendour and tranquillity it offers those who discover it
In northern Montenegro, in the very heart of the mountains, lies Piva Lake. About 45 kilometres long and almost 200 metres deep, what makes it special is the serenity and magnificence it provides to everyone who visits.
As a traveller winds their way up the meandering road towards Plužine, the view of the lake takes their breath away. The dark-blue water, surrounded by forests and mountains, seems as if it is hiding ancient legends and memories. In that moment, one feels detached from the world, as though having found a small personal sanctuary.
HOW THE LAKE WAS CREATED
Piva Lake is artificial. It was formed between 1967 and 1975, when the Mratinje Dam was built. At that time, the old town of Plužine and several villages were submerged. Today, when the water level is low, remains of those structures can be seen beneath the surface. It is a sight that serves as a reminder that nature and history always leave their mark, regardless of the change.
Piva Lake is one of the most beautiful places in Montenegro. The purity of the water, the safeguarding of the forests, and careful tourism are all crucial if this mountain oasis is to remain untouched for future generations. Every visitor, through their behaviour, can contribute to ensuring that this jewel continues to be a place that takes one’s breath away.
A PLACE THAT SOOTHES
What makes Piva Lake special is the silence. Here the noise and rush of the city vanish, and a person is left alone with natural wonders. The colour of the water changes constantly – sometimes it is emerald green, sometimes dark blue – depending on the light and the sky. The forests around the lake are full of beech, fir, and pine. Deer and birds hide within them, while visitors find shade, peace, and relaxation for the soul. It is not unusual for people to remain here longer than planned, captivated by a sense of serenity that is hard to leave behind.
A FUSION OF NATURE AND HISTORY
Near the lake stands the Piva Monastery, built in the 17th century. When the lake was created, the monastery was relocated stone by stone in order to be preserved. Today it bears witness to the strength and perseverance of this region. Beyond its spiritual value, it is also a reminder that people have always known how to safeguard what is precious to them.
AN ADVENTURE FOR EVERYONE
Piva Lake is not only for those seeking a peaceful holiday. You can go boating, swim in hidden coves, fish, paddle, or hike. The viewpoints above the lake offer breath-taking panoramas, while the villages around it tell stories of life then and now. A particularly special experience is the sunset, when the entire lake is bathed in golden hues and everything appears like a fairy-tale.
A BEAUTY THAT DEMANDS CARE
Piva Lake is one of the most beautiful places in Montenegro. Yet, like all natural wonders, it requires protection. The purity of the water, the safeguarding of the forests, and careful tourism are all crucial if this mountain oasis is to remain untouched for future generations. Every visitor, through their behaviour, can contribute to ensuring that this jewel continues to be a place that takes one’s breath away.
Piva Lake is not merely a reservoir – it is a place where nature, history, and people live together. Those who visit will recognise, in its calm surface, a reflection of Montenegro’s very soul. And that is precisely why every journey to the north of the country is hard to imagine without this gem among the mountains.
Behind the Words
For Diplomacy & Commerce, the journalist behind one of the region’s most recognisable programmes opens up about journalism, introspection, literature, and human vulnerability
When the camera switches on precisely at two o’clock on a Sunday, and he sits across from his guest, Aleksandar Stanković has, for more than two decades, been conducting conversations that often transcend the format of a traditional television interview.His show “Sunday at 2” has become almost an institution – a space where politics, art, and human destinies not only intersect but are laid bare.Behind his firm, at times incisive, demeanour hides a man who has revealed another side of himself through
his writing – one that is fragile, vulnerable, and poetic.In this interview, Stanković speaks about journalism, introspection, and his affection for people, but also about periods of doubt, writing as a form of therapy, and the search for meaning – both in front of and beyond the cameralens.
Journalism is often described as “the first draft of history.” Do you ever feel that, through your programmes, you have at times helped shape the way certain events will be remembered? I would say that I have. I believe
that a journalist participates in shaping collective memory –not by imposing a narrative, but through the way theypose questions and determine the tone of the conversation. A journalist must never become a megaphone for power – whether political or media-related. Our strength lies in the freedom to scrutinise – both ourselves and others.Over the years, I have also realised that the audience has changed. Today, people consume information quickly and superficially, often through short clips on social networks.
When I speak with someone, I try to ensure that the audience receives not only facts, but also context – an understanding of human nature and emotion. That is precisely what gives an interview lasting value.It is important to me that the conversation in the studio retains its depth – that it remains a space where one can still think more slowly, more profoundly, and with respect for the interlocutor. That, today, is the greatest luxury of all: to have time for a meaningful and thought-provoking conversation.
ALEKSANDAR STANKOVIĆ Journalist and TV host
What makes a programme long-lasting, and a good interview unforgettable – the authenticity of the questions, the guest’s genuine reactions, or something else entirely?
The longevity of the programme derives from a combination of several factors. Above all, from persistence, perseverance and, I must admit, a little good fortune. I had outstanding colleagues and editors who, in the beginning, protected me from political pressure. Later, the show became something of a “public good.” Whenever there were announcements about its possible cancellation, the public oppositionproved so overwhelming that it never happened.The selectionof guests is also extremely important. I have always invited people who personally interest me – and that can be felt in the conversation. If the guest does not interest me, it is unlikely that they will interest the audience either.
At the beginning, the focus was almost exclusively on politicians – at the time, public discourse was predominantly political. Over the years, I came to realise that politics, although important, is not the only subject that shapes people and society. I began inviting guests with life-affirming stories – those who had survived difficult circumstances, who were engaged in humanitarian work, or whose experiences could inspire others.That was not an impulsive move, but a conscious decision to make “Sunday at 2” a space that offers more than information – a space that awakens empathy, reflection, and dialogue about values. Such guests and their stories often leave a deeper mark than political debates, because the audience recognises their own emotions and struggles within them.Ultimately, every interview becomes a small dialogue about life, values, and the complexity of human condition.
How have you managed to maintain professional distance from politicians, and how important is that to your work?
For a journalist, it is of paramount importance to preserve distance from politicians – not only for reasons of professional ethics, but also for the quality of the conversation itself. If you be-
come too close to them outside the studio, your critical approach can easily be compromised. I decided to view politicians solely as interlocutors within a professional framework. I have never socialised with them privately.That may seem aloof, but in fact it allows for an honest and open conversation – the guest knows that the questions are not motivated by friendship or obligation, but by genuine curiosity. The audience recognises that. People can immediately sense when a journalist is doing their job independently, impartially, and without fear of consequences.That professional distance has become the foundation of my journalistic identity. The rules of professionalism are not a limitation but a guide – they allow you to ask provocative yet fair questions, while preserving authenticity and respect both for the interlocutor and for the audience.Politicians often come with pre-scripted answers. The challenge lies in breaking through that façade and reaching genuine emotion. That is why it is essential to remain calm, ask direct questions, and not allow the conversation to slip into superficiality.
What enables you to approach every new story with the same enthusiasm, despite the countless interviews behind you?
Curiosity is a matter of character – a person either possesses it or does not. I have always been captivated by people: their behaviour, their motives, their reactions in different situations. Every person carries a story, often far more complex than it appears. The longer I do this job, the more clearly I see how fascinating human contradictions are – the ability to be brave and frightened at the same time, sincere yet cautious, proud yet vulnerable.It is precisely these paradoxes that give interviews their depth. Each conversation also serves as a mirror for me – revealing how open I am, how attentively I truly listen. Curiosity, attention to detail, and the ability to recognise nuances in speech and emotion – these are the key skills.The world is full of fascinating stories, and I do not want them ever to bore me. Unpredictability and the possibility of surprise are what keep me
EVERY PERSON CARRIES A STORY – OFTEN FAR MORE INTRICATE THAN IT APPEARS. CURIOSITY AND EMPATHY ARE WHAT MAKE A COMPELLING INTERVIEW.
alive in this profession. That is what makes interviews unforgettable.
Have you ever had to “save” a programme while the cameras were still rolling? What does that feel like from the inside? Countless times. Sometimes I succeed, sometimes I don’t. There have been situations when the programme simply didn’t turn out well – when I couldn’t keep up with the guest or was “outplayed”. In those moments, your mind races at full speed – you search for a new angle, you try to change the course of the conversation.The most important thing is that the ratio of successful shows is far greater than that of the unsuccessful ones – otherwise, I wouldn’t have been on television for so long. Over time, you learn not to overdramatise. A bad programme is not the end of the world. What matters is believing that the next one can be better.The tension before every new show never disappears. That nervous anticipation keeps me focused and present. If an interview were entirely predictable, it would lose its meaning. I turn that nervous energy into focus and concentration.
Have you ever experienced a moment during an interview that surprised you or altered your perception of the guest? Often. Like everyone else, I have
my own preconceptions – I believe I know who the guest is, and then, as the conversation unfolds, I discover something completely different. My favourite moments are when I realise that someone is a better person than I initially thought. That’s when, as I like to say, I “wag my tail.”I don’t try to pretend to be neutral. Authenticity can be felt. If a guest’s honesty moves me, I don’t hide it. If they disappoint me, that shows as well. It is precisely in those genuine moments that the audience recognises truth.There have been guests with whom I felt a profound connection – open, unreservedindividuals who conceal nothing. With them, the conversation becomes almost therapeutic, both for me and for the audience. Those moments transform the way I perceive people, and the work that I do.
Guests often share deeply personal stories. Where is the boundary between journalistic curiosity and intrusion into privacy? That is a question every serious journalist must constantly keep in mind. That boundary is not predetermined – it is established in the moment, through the relationship between two people. Over the years, I have developed a kind of invisible ethics: you can sense when someone becomes uncomfortable, when their voice trembles or their gaze drifts away.
That is when you know it is time to stop. Not because you are no longer interested, but because you respect the person in front of you.I have never been interested in sensationalism. When someone on the programme speaks to me about loss, illness, or a child they have lost – at that moment, I am no longer a journalist who “must extract a story”. I am simply a human being listening to another human being. And that is the boundary I always strive to honour.
The book “Depra (Depression)” attracted considerable attention. What prompted you to write it, and how do its two parts differ?
The motivation behind “Depra” was, above all, personal. After years of living with depression, I felt the need to speak about it openly and honestly. I did not want sensationalism, but rather something that could help people feel less isolated in their own struggles. I had often noticed that people are afraid to admit their vulnerability, and writing became my way of bringing that taboo subject closer to others.The first part of the book consists of prose entries – diary fragments, reflections, and anecdotes from the moments when the depression was at its worst. There, I wrote about
EMPATHY SHARPENS PROFESSIONALISM. I DON’T SEEK TO EXPOSE, BUT TO UNDERSTAND. WHEN A GUEST SPEAKS OPENLY, JOURNALISM BECOMES INSIGHT, NOT PERFORMANCE
insomnia, the feeling of emptiness, anxiety, the fear of helplessness. Each text was an attempt to understand a state that is difficult to describe in words –the feeling of losing control over yourself, yet still having to go on living.The second part is poetry – verses that convey what often cannot be articulated: sorrow, helplessness, the feeling of isolation, but also the search for meaning, the search for air between dark clouds. Poetry, for me, is a more intimate form of expression, but also a bridge to the reader. I often notice that people recognise their own feelings and thoughts within those verses – something that helps them to express themselves or to seek help.
Your earlier books “One Hundred Faces and Aca” and your poetry collections – how do they connect with “Depra”?
“One Hundred Faces and Aca” is a compilation of anecdotes and stories from my journalistic life – the personalities I encountered, the situations that
stayed with me, sometimes humorous, sometimes serious, sometimes absurd. At that time, I was writing about the external world – about the people around me, their reactions, their human weaknesses and strengths. Writing was a way of documenting the world, a kind of humorous or satirical mirror of society.Poetry, however, was a completely different story. There, I delved into myself –into my own world of emotions and introspection. Every collection I published was a small form of therapy, a way of articulating inner processes that I could not express verbally.
How has your long-term work with different people changed you – professionally and personally?
Professionally, I have learnt that flexibility is key. Every guest is different, and every conversation is a new challenge. The true strength of a journalist does not lie in “defeating” the interlocutor, but in drawing out truth and understanding.On a
personal level, working with so many different people has taught me empathy, patience, and humility. I have seen how intricate human stories are, and how little we truly know about the struggles of others. Over the years, I have become calmer and less inclined towards provocation. That used to be a trademark of the show, but today I value dialogue more than conflict.My greatest motivation is to discover something new and to create a space where people can be honest and understood. That means encouraging tolerance, empathy, and, ultimately, love. Every conversation gives me an opportunity to broaden that world a little – and to share it with the audience.
What advice would you give to young journalists who aspire to conduct interviews as you do? First – curiosity and empathy. Second – respect for the interlocutor and for the audience. And third – perseverance and readiness to make mistakes, because no interview is ever perfect.And most importantly – cultivate your own voice and style. Do not imitate others. Find a way for your curiosity and humanity to shine through. Only then will an interview possess true substance, authenticity, and enduring value.
Sanja Ćalasan, Executive Director at Brewery Trebjesa, a member of Molson Coors Beverage Company
Tradition shapes us, innovation drives us forward
In an open interview with Diplomacy&Commerce, Sanja Ćalasan reveals how she built her career, what it means to be a woman leader in an industry largely dominated by men, and how Trebjesa Brewery blends authenticity with the modern needs of consumers.
When she first stepped into Trebjesa Brewery in 1998, the then young economist could not have imagined that two decades later she would become the first woman at its forefront. Her professional journey has been entirely linked to this company – she began in the finance department, where, with the support of experienced colleagues, she gained knowledge and proficiency both locally and from the management of the Belgian corporation Interbrew, at that time Trebjesa’s owner.
Over the years, she patiently built her career, taking on roles of increasing responsibility. First as Finance Director for Montenegro and Serbia, and later, having earned the trust placed in her, as Chief Executive Officer. What proved crucial was that in every position she carried out her work with professionalism, transparency, and a focus on development. Trebjesa Brewery is also distinctive in that a significant number of its managers are women, which clearly demonstrates that within this company leadership is respected through knowledge, integrity, and dedication.
Tradition and modernisation are often in tension. How do you at the Brewery manage to balance them and preserve brand recognition while remaining innovative?
For us at Trebjesa, tradition and quality are not just words but values embedded in the identity of Nikšićko beer. They are what have been passed down through generations and make us recognisable. However, a brand can only endure if it keeps pace with contemporary trends and consumer needs. The strength lies in balance – we
safeguard authenticity while at the same time introducing innovations.
For us, modernisation never means abandoning what has shaped us. Nikšićko is a symbol of tradition, but also a platform through which we promote responsible enjoyment, sustainability, and social engagement. We introduce innovations both in our portfolio and in our communication – through digital channels and creative campaigns that allow us to reach the younger audience.
In what ways does Trebjesa Brewery contribute to the local community – through employment, sustainability, or socially responsible projects?
Our company is inextricably connected to the community, not only as an employer, but also as a partner in development. We are proud of the “Top Employer” and
“Family Friendly Company” certificates, which both confirm our commitment to our employees. People represent the cornerstone of our success, and a culture that values knowledge and innovation sets us apart from others. In addition to employment, we place great focus on sustainability. We invest in technologies that reduce energy and water consumption, develop circular processes, and encourage responsible consumer behaviour. In this way, we create value for the future generations as well.
How do you perceive beer consumer habits in the region, and in what way does Trebjesa Brewery adapt its offer to these specificities?
Consumer habits vary, but there are also shared trends. Beer has traditionally been associated with socialising and local identity, but young people are increasingly looking for new styles – from
premium lagers to light fruit-based drinks. The experience a drink provides, not just its taste, is becoming more and more important. Our entry into the cider category with the Aspall Pip & Wild brand was a well-considered response to these changes. Our aim is not to change consumer habits, but to offer the right choice for every occasion –from gatherings at home to festivals and nights out.
Which global trends in beer consumption do you see as decisive for the future of the industry, and how are you preparing strategically for them?
The industry is undergoing significant changes – there is increasing demand for alcohol-free beers, drinks with less sugar, and products with added benefits. Consumers expect brands to deliver values, identity, and a message. Sustainability and the circular economy have become standards rather than options. We do not follow trends at any cost, but carefully select those that make sense for our market and our company.
What do you see as the greatest opportunity, and the greatest challenge for Trebjesa Brewery in the next five years?
The greatest opportunity lies in the strength of our brands, particularly Nikšićko beer, which holds the status of a symbol but also has the capacity, through innovation, to remain attractive to new generations. We also perceive potential in the premium segment, as well as in expanding our offer beyond the beer category. The greatest challenge is the dynamics of the market – from economic and regulatory changes to sustainability demands and increasingly strong competition. Nevertheless, I am convinced that thanks to the knowledge and enthusiasm of our team, we will turn challenges into opportunities. We believe in the values that have built us, but also in openness to the changes that shape the future.
SANJA ĆALASAN Executive Director at Brewery Trebjesa
Branimir
Žugić, co-founder and programme director of the CIM Forum in Kotor and executive director of the NGO Art365
Montenegro on the European Map of Creative Industries
Our forums and festivals are laboratories of ideas and friendships
Branimir Žugić, co-founder and programme director of the CIM Forum in Kotor and executive director of the NGO Art365, has for more than a decade been actively shaping Montenegro’s cultural landscape through festivals, international partnerships, and ground-breaking projects. Žugić speaks about the role of creative initiatives in strengthening international dialogue, the most significant projects of Art365, the importance of the CIM Forum, and Montenegro’s potential to become recognised as a destination for the creative industries.
Art365 is recognised as an organisation that connects art and society. How do you define the role of art in strengthening cultural diplomacy and international dialogue?
Art is a language we all understand – regardless of where we were born. It has the power to transcend political and linguistic barriers and to open up space for dialogue where words sometimes fail. When an audience in Podgorica or Kotor watches a film by a young author from Iceland, or when an artist from Montenegro stages a performance in a museum in Riga, what is being created is not only a cultural programme, but also a bridge between societies. That is why I believe art is the most effective tool of cultural diplomacy – because it conveys universal messages that awaken emotions and build trust.
At Art365 we always endeavour to connect the local with the global. The CIM Forum in Kotor brings European and regional experts from the creative industries and connects them with our young artists and organisations. On the other hand, the Catch the Film Kotor festival demonstrates
how powerfully the stories of people with disabilities can unite communities – because they are genuine, humane, and universal.
Which Art365 project do you consider the most significant for the promotion of Montenegro on the regional and European level? Every one of our festivals and projects plays a significant role in presenting Montenegro, but I would single out the CIM Forum in particular. It places Kotor on the map of Europe as a place where leaders of the creative industries, media, and the arts come together. Last year’s edition brought participants from more than ten countries –from Serbia, Croatia, Austria, and the United Kingdom, all the way to the United States. That is a clear indicator that Montenegro can be a centre for dialogue on the creative sector.
I am also proud that Art365 has been involved in a number of European, regional, and national projects, and that we have twice received support through the Creative Europe programme. These projects opened doors to partnerships across Europe and enabled us to present Montenegro as a country that has something to say and something to offer on the international stage.
What does participation in the CIM Forum mean to you, and how much does it contribute to the networking of cultural stakeholders?
The CIM Forum is much more than a festival – it is a laboratory of ideas, but also a space where smiles and love are shared, and where human values are always at the forefront. The distinctive quality of the Forum is that it brings together, around the same table, artists, producers, IT experts, representatives of in -
BRANIMIR ŽUGIĆ co-founder and programme director of the CIM Forum in Kotor and executive director of the NGO Art365
stitutions, and international organisations. When such energies converge, what is created are not only professional collaborations, but also friendships, trust, and a general sense of togetherness. The CIM Forum constantly demonstrates that culture is not only the production of events, but the building of bridges among people. Networking here is not seen as formal – it does not end with the exchange of business cards, but grows into long-term initiatives, projects, and even life stories that continue to unfold long after the festival lights have gone out.
Do you see scope for Montenegro to become recognised as a destination for cultural and creative industries?
I believe Montenegro has enormous potential. Apart from its natural beauty and cultural heritage, what makes us special is our authenticity and openness. We need to invest more in the creative sector and connect our initiatives with European partners. There are many examples. Our MOD Fest in Podgorica creates space for minority narratives and stories that are rarely heard. The new art festival Two Suns in Šavnik, set in the magical locations of the mountainous north, shows how nature and creative expression can together create a unique experience. And the project Muzetea Adriatic, within which we will stage theatre performances in Montenegrin museums, combines contemporary performance with heritage in an innovative way. These are the models through which Montenegro can become recognised.
In what way can Art365 contribute to creating Montenegro’s image as a country of innovation and creativity?
Art365 has been building Montenegro’s image for eleven years through projects that intertwine innovation with social responsibility. Our festivals are not just events – they are laboratories of ideas in which creative expression, new technologies, ecology, and inclusion all come together. Through participation in international networks and European projects, particularly the Creative Europe programmes which we have implemented twice, we are showing that Montenegro has
EVERYTHING I DO, I DO WITH LOVE AND WITH MY UTMOST COMMITMENT. EVEN THE NAME OF OUR ORGANISATION SPEAKS TO THAT – ART365 MEANS LIVING CREATIVITY ALL 365 DAYS OF THE YEAR, AND I WANT EVERY PROJECT, EVERY FESTIVAL, AND EVERY INITIATIVE WE CREATE TO INSPIRE PEOPLE, GIVE THEM A VOICE, AND SHOW THAT CREATIVITY CAN TRULY CHANGE SOCIETY
the capacity to be an active part of contemporary creative and innovative currents. What we always strive for is continuity. We have organised the Catch the Film festival in Kotor for six years, we are preparing the fifth jubilee edition of the CIM Forum, the third MOD Fest, the second edition of the Two Suns festival, and the first Muzetea Adriatic. Art365 is not a large organisation, but it is heartfelt and dedicated. I am proud of everything we have achieved so far, and I am certain that the best is yet to come.
What are the key messages from the CIM Forum that you plan to implement in the work of Art365?
The need for greater regional cooperation, openness to new technologies, and the inclusion of young people in the creative sector. We want to be a partner to institutions in the development of creative hubs. We already have experience – through the programme at the Creative Hub Kuća Pekića in Šavnik, as well as through our work in Kotor, where during the CIM Forum we demonstrated that public spaces can and should be used for creative and socially significant programmes. Our vision is for such spaces to become engines of development in Montenegro. This is the experience we want to continue to enhance and multiply.
On a personal level – what inspires and motivates you to lead such an organisation?
I am most inspired when I see that what we do has a direct impact on people. When a young author at our film camp completes their first film and presents it to the audience, or when a person with a disability at the festival says they feel equal and that their voice is finally being heard – then I know that it all makes sense. I am not someone who simply “does the job”. I dedicate myself completely to each idea, because I believe that creativity can change society. I strive for everything I do to carry the stamp of what is good, beautiful, and valuable – to remind us of what is essentially important and to point out the transience of that which holds us back.
Everything I do, I do with love and with my utmost commitment. Even the name of our organisation speaks to that –Art365 means living creativity all 365 days of the year. And that is what has driven me from the very beginning.
Photo:
A Song Remembered by the Heart
The Life and Legacy of Ksenija Cicvarić, Montenegro’s Most Resonant Voice —
A Timeless Echo of a Nation’s Soul, Carried Through War, Loss, and Love
In the history of every country there are a few voices that cease to be only voices — they become time, space, feeling. In Montenegro, that is Ksenija Cicvarić
Born in Podgorica, in a house where lives were measured by ordinary days and ordinary joys, Ksenija carried within her a gift that cannot be taught in school — the gift to touch someone else’s heart with her voice. Her mother, Simone, gentle and devoted, was the first to notice music in the girl’s breathing, in her speech, in her quiet children’s songs. But her father, a strict and patriarchal man, did not allow that voice to be trained, nor did he suspect that this very voice would become the pride of a whole people.
Ksenija Cicvarić’s childhood was marked by wounds far greater than a child’s years. World War II brought losses that would have broken even an adult. During the bombing of Podgorica she lost several members of her family. While she herself, seeking shelter in the caves of the Ribnica and Morača rivers, was injured by a bomb which caused her temporary blindness. An Italian doctor, who happened to be nearby, restored her sight — and perhaps saved the future of Montenegrin music. She lost her father in the whirlwind of war, and she never found his grave. Thus, from ruins and grief, one of the most beautiful voices of our land began to take shape.
SOLACE AND CURSE
Ksenija’s voice was recognizable from the very first notes. It wasn’t an ordinary voice—it was a pearl, full of colour, carrying both joy and sorrow, mountain strength and the elegance of the city. When she sang, it felt as though
Oj, vesela, veselice, Vesele ti oči imaš, Koga god si pogledala, Svakome si ranu dala. I mene si pogledala, I meni si ranu dala.
Oh, joyful one, little joy-bringer, Your eyes are full of laughter, Whomever you happened to glance at, You left them with a wound. You glanced at me as well, And wounded me too.
HER SONGS WERE NEVER JUST MELODIES. THEY WERE A MIRROR OF THE PEOPLE’S SOUL, WOVEN FROM BOTH JOY AND SORROW. IN HER VOICE ONE COULD HEAR THE SCENT OF THE SEA AT DAWN, THE WEARINESS OF WORKERS, AND THE SILENCE OF WINTER EVENINGS. EACH NOTE CARRIED A FRAGMENT OF LIFE, A REMINDER THAT MUSIC CAN PRESERVE AN ENTIRE WORLD
all of Podgorica was singing with her—with its bridges, alleyways, and taverns.
What set Ksenija apart most was her authenticity. She did not sing just to entertain, but to tell a story. Every song, whether it was “Milica jedna u majke” or “Veselica”, was for her a life drama, a miniature stage where love was born and died, where hope was kindled and grief endured.
The audience felt it. Her songs were not just notes — they were a mirror of the people’s soul. People used to say that in her voice one could hear everything: the morn-
ing scent of the sea, the fatigue of labourers, the wistful silence of winter evenings. She was a bridge between past and future — a voice that linked old customs with modern city streets.
SONG AND SORROW
Ksenija’s private life was as dramatic as her songs. She married pilot Miloje Cicvarić, with whom she had six children. But fate, as if it could not forgive the gift she bore, dealt her blows that even the strongest heart would find hard to endure. Two days after giving birth to her son Žarko, she lost her six-year-old son Vladimir in a traffic accident in front
of their building. That was a wound she carried her whole life, quiet and deep, and her songs became the only way she could turn grief into melody.
Despite everything, she never stopped giving. She was a regular guest on the radio, welcomed with ovations on stages across Yugoslavia, and her performances always had the aura of a celebration. Her voice was so recognizable that even today a single bar is enough for us to know—it is Ksenija.
A SONG AS ETERNITY
Ksenija Cicvarić passed away in 1997, leaving behind a silent void. She did not have medals, she did not have monuments, but she had the most important thing— songs that continue to live.
When her voice is heard today, whether on old records or on the radio, the heart stirs in a way that only true art can evoke. She reminds us that a song is not just a melody, but also a story, a history, and a comfort.
Perhaps many called her simply a "folk singer" back then. But Ksenija was much more than that. She was a symbol. She was a guardian of memories. She was proof that a single voice can carry the weight of an entire nation and that a song can be a home, even when there is none.
And so, when we remember Ksenija Cicvarić, we remember a woman who sang from the soul and for the soul. Her songs remain like living water: to refresh, to console, to remind us that we are not alone in our joys and sorrows.
For Ksenija Cicvarić's voice is not the voice of the past. It is the voice of eternity.
Author: Miloš Radović • Photo: Dragan Timotijević
Aleksandar Saša Kordić, seafarer and photographer
Through the Lens, Across the Sea
Guided by passion and a seafarer’s instinct for discovery, Aleksandar Saša Kordić photographs the world’s forgotten corners— chronicling faces, places, and fleeting moments that speak louder than words, and reminding us that authenticity lies in the unspoken
For him, photography is more than a hobby – it represents a passion, a journey, and a way to perceive the world from a different perspective. Aleksandar Saša Kordić, a seafarer by profession and a photographer by love, captures moments of life wherever his shipping routes take him. His photographs tell stories of faces carved by time, of cats from Kotor, of distant exotic ports, but also of small details that many fail to notice. Saša believes that photography does not divide cultures into better or worse – each is unique and authentic.
“Through photography I try to show that there are no better or worse cultures – only different ones.”
The task of photography is to convey messages that resonate across different cultures and generations, to provoke thought or inspire action. Was it this that motivated you to take photography seriously?
How and why I started, I do not even know myself. It just happened – like love. True love is the kind we cannot explain: why we love something or someone. Through photography I try to show that there are no better or worse cultures, only different ones. Each is, in its own way, genuine and distinctive.
We often hear the saying “a picture is worth a thousand words”. How many times do you say “smile for the camera” before you capture a photograph that “takes one’s breath away”?
I believe that more than 10,000 of my first photographs were the worst. At the beginning, I thought they were good, that they did not need to be better. But over time I realised that my work was nowhere near what I wished it to be. Upgrading to better equipment brought no progress until the moment when, I do not even know why, I “shot” a black-and-white cat in Kotor. That was when I found myself. Countless “say cheese” moments fly away before the right one lands.
Which part of the human body fascinates you most, given that you take a lot of portraits?
I am fascinated by faces, especially eyes. Eyes reveal character, thoughts, hopes, fears, and desires… If you observe and interpret them properly, you will learn more about a person than they would ever tell you themselves. My models are fishermen, bakers, shopkeepers, passers-by. I chase faces furrowed by wind, sun, and years… each is its own story, a book in itself.
As a seafarer, you often photograph the cities where you dock. How do people react to the camera?
I sail on bulk carriers, so the anchoring and stays in ports are longer. If I am heading to exotic locations, the photographic euphoria seizes me days before arrival. Fortunately, I work for a company that tolerates my passion, and their website is illustrated with my photographs – something I am particularly proud of. Most often, I go alone. I have
taken photographs in places where it was not advisable – in Benin during the Ebola epidemic, in Haiti due to crime, in Khartoum in northern Sudan because of religious fundamentalism… People always ask me why I take such risks. It is hard to explain – passion is passion, and it cannot be debated.
How difficult is it nowadays to remain authentic and recognisable?
I do not think about it. I do what I love, in my own way. Technically, I may not be an expert, but I know I am myself. The most important thing is that I enjoy doing it and that I am guided by passion.
Does photography, because of its universal language, have the greatest potential for social engagement of all the arts?
Painting, sculpture, music, film, theatre… Let photography be there, somewhere nearby. That is enough.
EYES REVEAL CHARACTER, THOUGHTS, HOPES, FEARS, AND DESIRES. THEY SPEAK IN SILENCE, OFFERING GLIMPSES INTO THE SOUL THAT WORDS OFTEN FAIL TO EXPRESS. IF YOU OBSERVE THEM WITH CARE—NOT JUST CASUALLY, BUT WITH TRUE ATTENTION— YOU’LL UNCOVER TRUTHS THAT REMAIN HIDDEN IN CONVERSATION. A SINGLE GLANCE CAN CARRY A LIFETIME OF EMOTION, A QUIET CONFESSION, OR A STORY WAITING TO BE TOLD. IN THAT UNGUARDED MOMENT, YOU MAY LEARN MORE ABOUT A PERSON THAN THEY WOULD EVER DARE TO SAY ALOUD
Do you have any anecdotes related to photography?
The last incident happened in Suez, while I was waiting to board a ship. The local market seemed safe to me, but soon a policeman approached me, followed by a patrol with four armed soldiers. They took me to the police station, where I spent four hours explaining why I was using a large lens. They insisted that I was a spy. Later they told me: “This is a huge problem, Captain, your embassy must be called.” When they finally looked at the photographs, they released me. Two months later, I was arrested in Cuba as well, but I would rather not speak about that incident… this story is enough.
Do you plan to hold a solo exhibition?
I would love to make one – a collage of all my favourite photographs. I would like to share them with the people of Boka Kotorska, of the whole of Montenegro, and even beyond. But, that will happen when the right time for it comes. Until then, I sail and photograph tirelessly.
Photo: Aleksandar
Milivoje Dukić, four-time Olympian and Montenegro’s best sailor
Trusting Yourself Taught by the Sea
Our interlocutor from Herceg Novi embodies serenity, adrenaline, and dedication in every moment spent at sea
When the sea and a person meet, one of them always has to yield. For Milivoje Dukić, Montenegro’s top sailor and a four-time Olympian, that relationship has lasted for years — balancing between the struggle with the wind and the peace brought by the horizon. Born and raised in Herceg Novi, a town that breathes the sea, Milivoj has spent most of his life on a sailboat. From his first regattas in the Bay of Kotor to the Olympic courses of London, Tokyo, and Paris, his story is one of perseverance, self-belief, and deep respect for the sea. In an interview for our magazine, Dukić emphasizes that on the sea, you are never fighting against nature — you are in dialogue with it. “The sea teaches you patience and calm, but also constant readiness. Every wave, every change of wind is a lesson,” says Dukić. He speaks about how he measures his own progress, what drives him, and how sailing shapes his character. He reflects on moments of struggle and silence, on the challenges of a sport where everything depends solely on you — and on his plans for a new Olympic cycle, one that leads toward Los Angeles 2028.
If your boat could talk, what do you think it would say about you?
It would tell me to be more patient — but that it’s pleased with my progress. To stay determined and keep trusting my instincts. ILCA 7 is an extremely demanding class — there is no room for error; every movement and every decision carries weight. Sailing constantly tests your limits. You spend hours at sea, facing wind and waves, whether it’s sunny or cold, and everything depends solely on you. A sailboat responds perfectly when you are attentive and act at the right moment. I believe my boat would say that I’m
DUKIĆ’S JOURNEY – FROM HERCEG NOVI TO THE WORLD’S OCEANS – PROVES SAILING IS MORE THAN A SPORT; IT’S A WAY OF LIFE: BELIEVE IN YOURSELF AND RESPECT THE SEA
a fighter — that I respect the sea, but I don’t yield to it. Patience, strength, and faith in your own decisions are what ultimately make the difference in achieving top results.
When you sail, which feeling connects you most with the sea — freedom, adrenaline, peace, or something else?
What I feel most is freedom and control. Sailing is a sport that forces you to be both completely calm and completely ready at the same time. When you’re alone at sea, everything that happens depends on you. Every gust of wind, every shift in the air must be read and used. Adrenaline is always there — especially during regattas — but the greatest value lies in that peace within motion, when
everything works as it should and you feel completely at one with the elements. Those are the moments of total connection and focus — the moments that bring you back to yourself.
If you could choose any location in the world to sail, where would it be — and why there?
I’ve had the opportunity to sail in many places around the world. Each has its own specific winds and unique energy. Some stand out — Lake Garda in Italy, Palma de Mallorca in Spain — but Herceg Novi and the Bay of Kotor will always be my home. That’s where I took my first steps, where I learned to listen to the wind and the sea. Herceg Novi and Boka Kotorska are the places I always return to when I want to remind
myself why I started sailing in the first place. There may be destinations with more ideal conditions, but with those places I feel the deepest connection. Every bora and every maestral there carries its own meaning.
Although you started with water polo, you switched to sailing. What drew you to this sport, and how did the sea become the center of your world?
Water polo taught me team spirit and discipline, but in sailing I found something else — responsibility and freedom at the same time. In the ILCA 7 class, everything depends on you; every decision is yours. That autonomy is what drew me in. Sailing teaches you to trust yourself, to be patient, to respect the sea and nature, but also to fight. There’s no improvisation at sea — you must be ready, both physically and mentally. The essence of sailing lies in the balance between control and surrender. The sea gives back exactly as much as you approach it with respect.
MILIVOJE DUKIĆ Montenegro’s top sailor
ON THE WATER, EVERY WAVE AND GUST SPARKS ADVENTURE, FOCUS, AND FEARLESS CONFIDENCE
Your first appearance at the Olympic Games was in London in 2012. How would you describe the difference in your mental approach then and now?
In London, I was young, full of energy, but lacking experience. I had the desire to give my maximum, but without a deep understanding of the process. Today, I see much more clearly that mental preparation is just as important as physical readiness. I’ve learned that a regatta isn’t a sprint — it’s a process. Stability, consistency, focus, and preparation are the key elements. With years and experience, I’ve become aware of my own limits and of how to push them further. I remember every moment spent on the London racecourse — the smell of the cold morning wind and the almost tangible silence before the start. People often comment on my progress, and that reminds me that the journey is long — but worth every step.
At the Paris 2024 Games, you finished 14th in the ILCA 7 class. What was the key moment that determined your placement?
I found the strength to take control of myself in moments when the conditions were unpredictable. That was the moment when mental strength became the true measure. At the highest level, everyone is physically prepared — the difference is in the mind. I had to stay calm when the winds shifted and the changes were sudden. That ability to make the right decision at the right moment — that’s what made the difference. Paris confirmed that I’m on the right path, and that I have the strength to keep growing.
Do you have a ritual or habit that you practice before every regatta — something that helps you stay calm and focused?
I don’t really have classic rituals — like sitting down and doing a specific sequence of things that I believe will bring me luck. I try to stay natural and simple. I don’t believe in magic formulas — what matters is reading the situation and responding to it. Preparation is essential: checking the equipment, tuning the boat, and mentally warming up.
In moments of high pressure, I often rely on short periods of silence, meditation, and stretching. Sailing demands constant concentration — the conditions change all the time — so I try to keep my mind calm and avoid reacting impulsively.
How many days a year do you spend at sea, and what does your typical weekly routine look like? I spend about 280 days a year at sea. The competitive season lasts around ten months, and during that time I train almost every day except Sunday. A typical week starts with morning sessions on the water — working on technique, reading the wind, and simulating different wind and wave conditions. Afternoons are reserved for physical training in the gym — strength, endurance, and functional workouts. Evenings are for recovery, stretching, analyzing the day’s regatta or training, and mental preparation. As a competition approaches, my focus shifts to simulating expected conditions and fine-tuning the equipment.
How important is technical equipment to you, and how much time do you dedicate to the details of your boat?
Technical details are crucial in the ILCA 7 class, where even the smallest differences can make a big impact. I regularly check and fine-tune my boat — the tension of the ropes, the position of the sails, the overall balance — every component goes through careful inspection. During training camps, I run simulations under different conditions — light winds, strong winds, shifting breezes — to be ready for anything unpredictable. Before major regattas, the equipment goes through thorough checks to eliminate even the slightest irregularities.
Do you have specific dietary habits during intensive training periods or before a regatta?
I pay a lot of attention to nutrition. During intense training, the body needs enough fuel for recovery — proteins, carbohydrates, and proper hydration are essential. Before a regatta, it’s wise to avoid experiments and stick to familiar
meals that provide steady energy. On recovery days, the focus is on balanced meals that support regeneration. Every meal is designed to keep both body and mind in harmony — just as every wave requires a balance between strength and flexibility.
How do you maintain mental readiness during long periods of preparation and competition? I often emphasize the importance of mental strength and the experience gained from each regatta. I’ve said many times that, at the highest level, mental resilience makes the biggest difference. In moments of uncertainty, I stay composed — using visualizations and mental simulations of the racecourse and tactics. During the preparation phases, I work on focus, stress management, and mental conditioning within my main training program — so that when the regatta begins, the mind is fully ready.
Have there been moments when you wanted to give up or change direction — and what brought you back on track?
Yes, there were difficult periods — when results weren’t at the level I expected, when motivation dropped, and when circumstances became challenging. But my love for the sea and sailing was always my compass. I kept returning to the feelings that started it all — the excitement, the challenge, the sense of freedom. The support of my coach, club, and family was also crucial. They encouraged me to keep learning, to keep fighting, and to believe in myself. In those moments, it was often enough just to smell the sea in the morning or feel the cold wind on my face — and all doubts would disappear.
How has your role as an ambassador for The Ocean Race Europe 2025 Finale influenced you and your sailing?
It’s a great honor and a powerful source of motivation. As an ambassador, I represent Montenegro not only as an athlete but also as a promoter of sailing, ocean protection, and inspiration for young people. My goal is to use this position to raise awareness about the importance of the sea, ecology, and sustainable development in sports. This role contributes to my personal growth and motivation, while also connecting sailing with essential values — sustainability, responsibility, and inspiration.
What do you see as your greatest advantage compared to other competitors?
The reason I am where I am today — while someone else may not be — lies in the fact that I’ve confronted myself. I’ve always been open to communication, willing to learn, and ready to grow. I believe that’s the essential foundation for progress — for a person to evolve and move forward. If you’re not flexible, especially in today’s world which is demanding across so many aspects of life, and if you’re not capable of adapting, learning, and continuously educating yourself, then great results simply won’t come. The whole path of progress isn’t some kind of science fiction — it’s about being present in the process, working hard, staying disciplined, and being eager to learn in order to move toward new victories. My philosophy is simple: sailing is a blend of discipline, introspective growth, and respect for nature, and every success comes from a deep understanding and connection with the world around you — with the waves, the wind, and the horizon.
Nikša Miljanić, lawyer and diver
A Breath Between Law and the Depths
From Courtroom to Coral: The Dual Passions of a Boka Lawyer
NIKŠA MILJANIĆ Lawyer and diver
In conversation with Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro, the lawyer who moves with equal confidence through the courtroom and the open sea reveals his philosophy of life — one imbued with freedom, responsibility and the lessons whispered to him by the sea; lessons that he carries, with the same passionate dedication, into his profession and his everyday life.
There are people who live their lives in a single breath, and there are those who seek a dive in every breath — into the unknown, into themselves, into the world that surrounds them. Nikša Miljanić, a lawyer from Boka Kotorska, belongs to the latter. His passion for justice is as strong as the curiosity that draws him towards the hidden expanses of the sea, where every wave carries untold stories and every current bears lessons that cannot be grasped.
For Nikša, justice and the blue depths are not opposites, but two sides of the same coin — both demand calm, precision and a profound reverence for something greater than ourselves. In his world, the laws of the courtroom and the laws of the sea merge in a harmony that both inspires and teaches, showing that true wisdom lies in balancing discipline and freedom, knowledge and feeling.
Nikša, a lawyer by day, a diver by night… or the other way around? How would you describe your “double life”?
We grew up with Marvel superheroes — Batman, Superman, and all those seemingly ordinary people who hid their superpowers beneath business suits, only to transform into entirely different beings. I have to joke — I’m not a superhero. And even if I were, of course, I wouldn’t admit it. Still, I can say that it’s exceptionally pleasant and fulfilling to carry both “identities”. It’s a perfect feeling to leap, within a single day, from a lawyer’s suit into a diving one — or the other way around. I take incredible pleasure in that transformation, and it seems that, as the years go by, that pleasure only grows.All of this is made possible, on the one hand, by the freedom that the legal profession offers, and on the other, by my love and genuine devotion to the freedom of freediving and spearfishing. Interestingly, my profession and my hobby are so different that at first glance they appear to have nothing in common. Still, it is in those symbolic parallels that the true beauty of this duality lies.
Your question — “a lawyer by day, a diver by night” — is poetic and metaphorical, but in reality, everything happens during the day, as night fishing is strictly forbidden. Nevertheless, that takes nothing away from the magic of transforming between these two worlds.
Can the most complex case you have ever solved be compared to the most challenging dive you have ever had?
I wouldn’t say that I directly connect my work with diving, although interesting parallels arise on their own. In the legal profession, we encounter the unknown every day — much like under the sea. You never know what awaits you, and the true skill lies in remaining calm and focused. Many cases are not necessarily complex in terms of the law, but in the sensitivity of the situations they place you in. The real challenge is to remain composed, fair and professional when emotions and interests intensify.A lawyer should not only be a connoisseur of the law, but also a person with a developed civic awareness, someone who profoundly understands society, culture and ethics. That is where the true beauty of this profession lies.Under the water, the situation is quite different.
JUSTICE AND THE BLUE DEPTHS ARE NOT OPPOSITES, BUT TWO SIDES OF THE SAME COIN. BOTH DEMAND CALM, PRECISION AND REVERENCE FOR SOMETHING GREATER THAN OURSELVES — A LESSON IN BALANCING DISCIPLINE AND FREEDOM.
There, you are free. You can catch a fish — but you don’t have to. You don’t have to follow anyone but yourself. It is precisely in that freedom, and in a mindful relationship with nature, that the beauty of spearfishing lies.I wouldn’t compare a particular case to a specific dive, but one thing is certain: both teach you patience, focus and responsibility. In both worlds — on land and under water — these are skills that are never forgotten.
When did you first realise that the sea could be your “escape”?
The sea has been my true way of life — practically for as long as I can remember. I grew up right on the shore, in the beautiful little coastal village of Đenovići, in the Bay of Kotor. I learnt to swim at the age of three, and by four I had my first diving mask. Since then, the sea has been both my peace and my restlessness. It is light and darkness alike — all the colours and shades of life.When I want to free myself from stress, I think of the sea and imagine myself diving into the blue. But that is not an escape — it is simply one of the most beautiful things that comes to mind. Sometimes it even feels as though, when I am diving, I am more in my natural habitat than I am on land.My profession has also been present in my life for a long time. My father is a lawyer, so I have “lived” law from my earliest childhood. You simply grow up with something. In my case, it was both law and logic, meetings and business conversations — but there were always octopuses, scorpionfish and dusky groupers
as well. All of that together makes me feel completely natural in both “suits”, with no need whatsoever for escape.
Can you describe a moment when, underwater, you thought: “This is more dangerous than any trial”?
Spearfishing is among the activities that carry the highest level of risk to which a person willingly commits. Unfortunately, hardly a year goes by without the loss of one of our colleagues. I have just returned from a memorial tournament in Croatia, where we paid tribute to those who have perished. The high level of risk is ever-present — distraction and the hunt itself, often carried out at depth and with limited visibility, represent a serious challenge. My way of fishing is extreme — diving on a single breath to depths of around fifty metres and returning, with or without a catch. Yet spearfishing is not an “adrenaline” sport. The essence of enjoyment in this pursuit is quite the opposite: the beauty lies in the meditative process of preparation, in the calm and concentration before the dive, and in taking every precaution that makes even the most demanding descents safe and pleasant.When approached in this way, there is, in fact, much less danger than in the practice of law. For the legal profession — in its own way — can also be highly perilous. The lives and destinies of clients often depend on your professionalism and attention to detail. Sometimes, as I sit in my office, I catch myself thinking — is this perhaps more dangerous than diving?
THE OCEANS MAKE UP THE LARGEST PART OF OUR PLANET. LET US PROTECT THEM — IT IS OUR MOST BEAUTIFUL DUTY.
Are there situations in which your legal instincts help you while underwater — or vice versa? I would say that these two activities complement each other. In the legal profession, we are almost always bound by various deadlines, the breach of which can be disastrous — for our clients, and indirectly for us as professionals. In freediving, the strictness of the time dimension is even more pronounced. I believe that this subconscious, constant focus on caution helps one to act more responsibly in both worlds.Caution is so vital in the practice of law that you should never wait until the very last day to, for example, file an appeal. That is why we often record deadlines in our planners a day or two in advance. It is very similar with diving — you should never test the limits of your body. Diving on a single breath carries inherent risk, and any additional exposure to danger in this sport is absolutely unacceptable. You must always resurface calmly, without haste or hunger for air. Particularly in spearfishing, there is no room for unexpected extensions of a dive or for increasing depth.On the other hand, in law, boldness, courage and risk-taking are sometimes necessary. In those moments, the composure developed through freediving proves invaluable — it helps you to face challenging situations with clarity and calm.
Which place in the world do you consider the ultimate for diving, and what fascinates you most about it?
single out a location that is dearest to me emotionally, it would be “Ponta Veslo” on Luštica. This beautiful cliff is the place where, many years ago, I made my very first deep dive — and to this day, it remains truly magical, with a palpable sense of marine life surrounding you and inviting you to immerse yourself in its world.
Our seabed is beautiful, but unfortunately, it is rather depleted. The reasons are a topic of their own, yet the general neglect towards the sea and its underwater world is undoubtedly present. Still, I manage to find hidden spots that are almost untouched. I consider these “micro-locations” of the Montenegrin seabed to be absolutely magnificent and unique. There are coral reefs and shipwrecks that hardly anyone knows about, and I am particularly fascinated by old, well-preserved wrecks where time seems to stand still and everything tells its own story.I haven’t done much diving in warmer, tropical seas — nor do I yearn for it. I believe that the Adriatic and the Mediterranean have a special charm — a charm that can be felt both underwater and on land, in the colours, scents, and the light filtering through the surface. I would love to explore the underwater worlds of Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Ibiza and Gibraltar, and the Portuguese island of Madeira is also a true diver’s paradise. If I had to
What life lesson have you learnt underwater that you apply in your everyday and professional life? Under the water, as well as above it, the sea teaches us numerous lessons. First and foremost, never to underestimate any person or situation. You come to understand at sea how short the distance is between an apparently harmless situation and real danger. There, these two extremes alternate with incredible speed. And usually, the culprit is our own carelessness — taking signals too lightly, or that familiar “it’ll be easy” attitude — all of which lead to poor judgement and slow reactions. This lesson applies equally to everyday life and to the professional world. But it’s not the only one. The sea, and especially diving, also teaches us about our own limits. How deep can we go? Interestingly, we always dive exactly as deep as we have imagined in our minds — the depth itself is not what matters, but our perception of it. That is a wonderful lesson: we realise how often we ourselves are our greatest limiting factor. It is precisely at that point — when boundaries shift — that the feeling of phenomenal openness and freedom is born.We should not forget the lesson about the astonishing beauty of nature and life that the sea offers us every single day. Try it — put on a mask and take a look into that underwater world. It’s very simple, yet beautiful. You don’t have to dive deep; even a single glance into that magical realm from which, in some distant moment, we all emerged, is enough. Isn’t that a genuine miracle?
If you could send one message to the world about life, the sea and justice — what would it be? We live in a world of increasing artificial intelligence and, I would say, a general decline in real intelligence, knowledge and awareness. Lately, I have noticed a worrying drop in interest when it comes to preserving the sea, nature, and this beautiful planet on which we find ourselves. The oceans and seas are by far the largest and most important part of our planet, and today they are suffering tremendously under the weight of our negligence.The daily chase for profit and the madness of capitalism into which we have fallen are bringing us ever closer to ecological catastrophe. And here comes justice — the true, cosmic kind — which, I fear, will catch up with us. For this kind of justice, we need no courts. It is natural. It seems to be sending us a clear message: “My dear ones, the sea, the mountains and the winds will protect you only as much as you protect them.”Therefore, if I could send one message to the world, it would be this one: let us protect this divine expanse — for it is our most beautiful duty.
Photo: Duško Miljanić, Ivana Orlović
Ivan Drobnjak, Entrepeneur
Monteguide: Riding Beyond the Map
Ivan
Drobnjak
on revealing Montenegro’s hidden beauty through off-road adventures and motorbike passion
There are two ways to get to know Montenegro – one is through its roads and cities, and the other is the way Ivan Drobnjak takes you. His project Monteguide reveals the country through dusty tracks, canyons, and forest trails, where nature sets the pace and the motorbike becomes your companion in a genuine adventure.
Ivan Drobnjak from Nikšić, founder of Monteguide, speaks to Diplomacy&Commerce about the landscapes he has explored with tourists determined to discover our country in a different way.
“Monteguide aims to show the world the unexplored beauty of Montenegro, known only to a small number of people, even at the local level. That is disheartening, and such injustice needs to be corrected. The goal of the rides is to go as far as possible from civilisation – into areas where you cannot charge your phone or connect to Wi-Fi. The only thing left to do is to reconnect with yourself and with natural surroundings. It seems to me we have lost that skill. After every ride, it’s striking how few local nature enthusi-
asts we encounter – mostly it is foreigners, who are often better informed about our remote landscapes than we are ourselves,” says Drobnjak. As he adds, the project was born out of pure enthusiasm – a fusion of his passion for motorbikes and for nature.
He describes motorbike riding as a special kind of pleasure, one that demands complete concentration but in return offers a sense of unity with everything around you.
“Starting from myself and my own interests, I wanted to share this experience with others. I was looking for a way for people who don’t have much time to visit as many mountains, canyons, and lakes as possible in a single day, to pass through dense forests without fear of getting lost. That is how, little by little, Monteguide was created. We ride and promote Montenegro 365 days a year, depending on the weather conditions. During winter, when the mountain areas are buried in snow, we explore the south of the country. And since we also love snowboarding, we often combine these two passions,” explains Drobnjak.
When asked how many kilometres he has covered, he says it is difficult to give a precise answer:
“Judging by the mileage on the bikes, the worn tyres and the GPS tracks, we are talking about tens of thousands of kilometres. We don’t stop until we’ve tested every trail that even resembles a path. We often consult with locals, who are always willing to share advice or to host us. Those are usually the most interesting adventures. Once someone asked me what we do when we get lost. I found that to be a particularly intriguing question, because we never think of it that way – when we come across an unfamiliar track, we don’t consider ourselves lost. We are exploring. Besides, we always encounter hikers and nature enthusiasts with whom we exchange information. By ‘we’, I mean a group of enduro enthusiasts from Montenegro. In enduro riding, concentration has to be one hundred per cent, every second. By the end of the day the fatigue is obvious – both physical and mental – but all of that fades compared to the smile and the feeling of adventure. It is a mix of adrenaline and nature, far from civilisation, phones, and everyday life,” emphasises the motorcyclist. Drobnjak says that every mountain is distinctive in its own way. The coastal ranges – Ru-
mija, Lovćen and Orjen – he describes as wild, rocky, and merciless on tyres.
“It is similar in the west of the country: on Bijela Gora, Somina, Njegoš, Golija, the Piva mountains, Durmitor, and Sinjajevina. The central ranges –Bjelasica and Komovi – are somewhat gentler, at least in terms of the terrain we ride across. Every mountain has landscapes and routes you simply must see. People from abroad often ask me what they should visit in Montenegro. I usually recommend Durmitor and its lakes, Sinjajevina and Lake Zabojsko, Bjelasica and Lake Biograd, Prokletije… Luckily, the list is extensive.”
There is increasing interest among tourists who plan to explore Montenegro on two wheels.
“Without exception, everyone is amazed by our landscapes. They fall in love with the colours and develop a special respect for the harshness of our barren mountains. I am glad that our own people are also showing more and more interest in off-road motorcycling. We often take for granted what is right in front of our eyes, failing to notice the beauty we are surrounded by. That is why it is a particular pleasure for me that we have managed to attract the attention of local nature lovers and show them Montenegro in a new, different way,” concludes Drobnjak.
Enduro riding demands total concentration, every single second. By the end of the day, all the fatigue fades before the feeling of adventure. It’s a blend of adrenaline and nature – far from the noise, the phones, and the everyday routine. Every mountain has its own character, and every route its own story.
Vladimir Maraš, Festival Director of the Made in New York Jazz Festival Montenegro
New York Energy Meets Montenegrin Talent
How a global festival becomes a platform for domestic and international artists
Vladimir Maraš is a name that resonates with special weight in Montenegrin musical circles. As a composer, arranger, and producer, Maraš for decades has merged the richness of Balkan musical tradition with the universal language of jazz. His journey has taken him from local stages to world venues, but a special place in his career is held by the Made in New York Jazz Festival Montenegro — a celebration that unites local talent with world-renowned jazz stars, bringing the vibrant energy of New York to Montenegro. A decade since its first edition, the festival has become a brand of quality and a meeting place of diverse musical worlds, and Maraš remains the heart and vision of this project.
MADE IN NEW YORK JAZZ FESTIVAL MONTENEGRO BLENDS LOCAL TALENT WITH GLOBAL JAZZ ICONS. WITH 130 PERFORMERS OVER A DECADE, IT SPOTLIGHTS MONTENEGRO ON THE WORLD STAGE AND DRAWS DIVERSE AUDIENCES
How did the idea for the Made in New York Jazz Festival to come to life in Montenegro originate, and what did its initiation personally mean to you?
As is often the case when beautiful things happen, this story began with a stroke of luck. For over three decades, I’ve worked as a composer, exploring the depths of Balkan ethno-heritage and striving to enrich my jazz-infused music with authentic elements of regional tradition. Twelve years ago, I
received an unexpected email— an invitation to perform at the Gala evening of the Made in New York Jazz Festival at the Tribeca Performing Arts Center in New York.
At first, I thought it was a prank from a friend, so I carefully verified the information before responding. It turned out the invitation truly came from the festival’s organizers, which led to my debut performance with my band on the New York jazz scene in 2014. When I realized
I was welcomed and appreciated in the very heart of the global jazz world, it became clear to me that a similar project should be brought to Montenegro. Thanks to my determination and the support of the New York festival’s leadership, we now celebrate the tenth anniversary of this remarkable event in our country.
The festival bears New York's name, but it takes place in Montenegro—how does it help our country present itself better to the world?
Any high-quality project born in Montenegro—regardless of whether it carries the name of New York, Tokyo, or any other city—loses significance if it remains exclusively local. In the case of our festival, the impact is clear: over the past ten years, around 130 performers from Europe, the region, and across the globe have graced Montenegrin jazz stages, including about thirty exceptional artists—jazz legends and Grammy winners. That alone speaks volumes about the scale and importance of this initiative.
I often feel that the Made in New York Jazz Festival garners more attention abroad than it does within Montenegro itself. The festival operates on multiple levels: locally and regionally, it has become a recognized brand of excellence, with jazz enthusiasts planning their visits in advance, knowing they’ll experience top-tier performances. On the international front, it’s enough to mention that around seventy American musicians—festival guests—with a combined social media following of several million, have come to know not only the festival, but also Montenegro as one of the most beautiful countries in the world.
VLADIMIR MARAŠ Festival Director
THE FESTIVAL UNITES PEOPLE THROUGH MUSIC. IN 2023, A POWERFUL PERFORMANCE BY DEE DEE BRIDGEWATER, BISERA
VELETANLIĆ,
AND VASIL HADŽIMANOV HIGHLIGHTED ITS EMOTIONAL DEPTH. LOOKING AHEAD, IT CHAMPIONS YOUNG MONTENEGRIN JAZZ TALENT AND CULTURAL TOURISM
How do you select artists and strike a balance between global stars and the promotion of local musicians?
The selection process for the Made in New York Jazz Festival is highly specific and strategic. While New York serves as the catalyst for connecting with major international jazz artists, establishing these connections is not straightforward. Financial resources play a role, but reputation, tradition, and personal recommendations are crucial in negotiations. Over the past decade, the festival has established rigorous production and organizational standards, enabling negotiations with top-tier artists in the industry. Securing a performance slot at this festival is a testament to the project's significance.
Once the headliners are confirmed, my involvement intensifies to curate a comprehensive lineup that includes European and regional performers alongside the local music scene. That’s how the festival band is formed each year.
Who makes up the festival audience – and what connects them most?
Held annually in June across Tivat, Cetinje, and Podgorica, the festival naturally attracts a significant number of tourists. Jazz, with its universal lan -
guage, draws people from various backgrounds, yet there's a common thread among them: curiosity and a deep appreciation for the art form. What brings us particular joy is seeing more and more familiar faces each year: fellow citizens, friends, professors, students, and schoolchildren from Montenegro. This affirms our core mission—to connect Montenegro with the world through music. When you look at photos of the audience, you’ll see smiles, brightness, sometimes a touch of melancholy—but one thing always stands out: a powerful emotion and a deep connection to the music.
Which concert or moment at the festival left the deepest personal impression on you, and why?
There have truly been many, but I would highlight the year 2023, when our guest was Dee Dee Bridgewater—one of the few true global jazz divas. She was joined on stage by the legendary Bisera Veletanlić, while her nephew, Vasil Hadžimanov, was part of the festival band.
A particularly special moment occurred when Bisera suggested that Vasil and I perform the song Zlatni dan together, in an arrangement I had previously created with the late Kornelije Kovač. Her interpretation was
so powerful and emotional that even Dee Dee Bridgewater, watching from backstage, was moved to tears. That moment revealed the most important truth: music knows no boundaries, and emotion can only be conveyed by those who possess talent, experience, and deep human empathy.
Where do you see the Made in New York Jazz Festival Montenegro in the next ten years?
The future of the festival is both challenging and full of promise. The festival has been naturally growing, with its biggest challenges being budgets, organization, and partnerships. A positive milestone came in 2022, when the festival was officially recognized as an Event of Special Cultural Importance by Montenegro’s Ministry of Culture and Media. Over the next decade, we aim to secure more intensive support from the Government of Montenegro and foster close collaboration with the Ministries of Culture and Tourism, ensuring the festival brings maximum benefit to
the country. We also plan to involve the Ministry of Education in identifying talented children and providing them with foundational jazz education—so they can study in global jazz centers and eventually return to share their knowledge with new generations. Only through this approach can the festival become a truly holistic project—a place where local and international talents meet, and Montenegro affirms its status as a hub of jazz music and cultural tourism.
Veselin Dragaš, Vice President of the Association of Real Estate Agencies of Montenegro (UANCG); Zlatko Vučinović, Country Director – Montenegro, Sea Realtor Agency
Safer Market, Stronger Investors
Stability, clear regulations, and partnership between the state and investors – the foundation of a sustainable real estate market
The Montenegrin real estate market has never been more dynamic – prices are rising, demand is shifting, and investors are increasingly seeking security and transparency. In this complex environment, trust is key –between buyers, agents, investors, and the state. This is precisely why the Association of Real Estate Agencies of Montenegro (UANCG) was established – to introduce order, professional standards, and clearly defined rules of the game. From initiating the adoption of the Law on Mediation in Real Estate Transactions and Leasing to the continuous education of agents and promotion of ethical business practices, UANCG today represents a pillar of market professionalization. We spoke with Veselin Dragaš, President of UANCG, about how a safer and more transparent real estate market is being built. On the investment side, Zlatko Vučinović, Director of Sea Realtor Montenegro, explained how Montenegro can become a reliable partner for investors and why now is the right time to invest in real estate.
How was the Association of Real Estate Agencies of Montenegro established, and what are its main goals? Who are its members, and what connects them?
Veselin Dragaš: The Association of Real Estate Agencies of Montenegro (UANCG) was created out of the need to unite agencies that operate professionally in the real estate sector. Our primary goal is to strengthen trust, transparency, and professionalism in the market. By establishing the association, we aim to set high business standards and contribute to creating a healthy, safe, and sustainable real estate
OUR GOAL IS TO SET HIGH BUSINESS STANDARDS AND CONTRIBUTE TO BUILDING A HEALTHY, SAFE, AND SUSTAINABLE REAL ESTATE MARKET IN MONTENEGRO, VESELIN DRAGAŠ, PRESIDENT OF UANCG
market in Montenegro. Our members are legal entities – agencies that meet the legal requirements for conducting mediation in real estate transactions and leasing. They are united by a shared vision: to provide top-quality service to every client – whether buying, selling, or renting a property – with maximum expertise, integrity, and transparency.
Could you tell us more about the association's mission and current activities?
Veselin Dragaš: The Association has played a pivotal role in shaping Montenegro’s real estate legislation, most notably by helping pass a long-awaited law that regulates property transactions and rentals. This brought structure to a previously chaotic sector and ensured the state could recover significant lost revenue. It’s rare for an association to be a direct partner to the government in drafting such impactful legislation, and this collaboration reflects both the Association’s credibility and the government’s recognition of the need to regulate a vital economic field. Following the law’s
adoption, UANCG has remained actively engaged in advancing the real estate market. We were the initiators and key contributors to the Law on Mediation in Real Estate Transactions and Leasing, investing substantial resources to ensure its implementation. This law sets clear responsibilities for agencies and clients, regulates commissions, and protects consumers from unethical practices. It marks a major step toward transparency, professionalism, and trust in the sector. Once fully implemented, the law will benefit all stakeholders: the state gains oversight and revenue, clients enjoy greater protection, and agents receive training and licensing that elevate service quality. Beyond legislation, the Association continues to support the sector through professional development, legal assistance, and knowledge-sharing among members. We promote ethical standards and best practices, drawing on close partnerships with EU member states to align Montenegro’s real estate framework with the highest European benchmarks.
Clearly, members gain valuable benefits through the Association. What are these benefits?
Veselin Dragaš: Membership provides numerous benefits: legal and professional support, networking with colleagues in the field, faster and more efficient exchange of supply and demand, and opportunities for continuous professional development. Members also commit to adhering to a code of ethics, which guarantees clients professional and secure service. Membership in UANCG is now a recognized mark of quality.
Does the Association actively cooperate with regional associations?
Veselin Dragaš: Yes, collaboration with regional associations is very important to us. We regularly participate in regional conferences, exchange experiences and best practices, building a wider network of cooperation and improving business standards across the region. We are on the path to becoming part of the European association CEPI.
D&C: How does the Association cooperate with state institutions?
Veselin Dragaš: Cooperation with state authorities is a key component of our work. We participate in drafting and adopting regulations, especially those related to mediation in real estate transactions and leasing. We also actively combat the grey economy in the sector and advocate for fair and legal operations for all market participants.
What challenges do agencies face in their operations?
Veselin Dragaš: Agencies face several persistent challenges. The lack of legal regulation in real estate mediation has allowed many individuals and companies to operate outside the law, undermining trust and harming clients, the state, and the profession. Although recent legislation has begun to address this, the legacy of informal practices remains a burden.
Another major issue involves banking procedures under anti-money laundering laws. Montenegrin banks often conduct lengthy checks on the origin of funds—even when those funds come from verified EU sources. This delays transactions, creates stress for buyers, and discourages investment. While agencies comply with these regulations and have licensed personnel in place, we advocate for more efficient implementation to avoid unnecessary barriers.
The recent ban on selling or leasing unlegalized properties—estimated at over 100,000—has further complicated the market. It restricts owners, reduces state revenue, and slows activity for notaries and agencies. Many citizens have long sought legalization, but systemic inefficiencies have delayed the process. Montenegro could benefit from adopting more flexible models used in neighboring countries, which resolve such issues without infringing on property rights.
During the drafting of the Law, media headlines suggested that real estate could only be sold through agencies.
Veselin Dragaš: After the public consultation report on the draft law, there was a misunderstanding of one comment by journalists and the public. Owners will, as before, be able to sell their properties independently or use agencies if they wish. Regulations are becoming more complex, and more buyers rely on the expertise of agencies, so our recommendation is for them to engage professional agencies to guide them through transactions. Otherwise, buyers and sellers do not contribute to the efforts to regulate real estate properly.
How do you see the future of the real estate market in Montenegro and the role of UANCG?
Veselin Dragaš: The market will continue to professionalize, with greater client trust and security. Our task is to remain a driver of posi-
tive change – through education, strengthening ethical standards, and active participation in legislative development. By uniting forces, we make the market better for both agencies and clients. Alongside these activities, pioneers are introducing other strategic systems for market improvement, using best practices from the most developed countries. Our interlocutor on these topics is Zlatko Vučinović, Country Director – Montenegro, Sea Realtor.
Investors seek states that are partners, not just investment destinations. What should be the priorities of the state in creating a friendly climate for investors in Montenegro?
Zlatko Vučinović: Yes, this is one of the key issues for our industry in Montenegro, from which the country earns significant revenue. Montenegro must offer predictability, stability, and transparency. Investors want clearly defined rules and an environment where they can plan long-term activities. This means minimizing ad hoc regulatory changes, speeding up administrative procedures, and ensuring clear institutional responsibility. Digitalization of public administration is also crucial, as an efficient and modern system signals that the state takes investors seriously. Coordination between local governments, national agencies, and ministries must be strengthened to avoid responsibility-shifting and allow fast solutions. Montenegro has exceptional natural and human resources, but to leverage them, trust must be established. Investors seek partner states, not just investment destinations.
ONLY STABILITY AND CLEAR RULES CAN MAKE MONTENEGRO A RELIABLE AND SERIOUS INVESTMENT DESTINATION, ZLATKO VUČINOVIĆ, DIRECTOR, SEA REALTOR
MONTENEGRO
Our focus is on selling real estate from the most reliable developers, ensuring investors acquire not only property but a luxury lifestyle. Regarding reliable business operations and rapid ROI, we offer investment projects with all formalities and permits completed, whether in construction or sustainable energy sources.
The economic citizenship program ended in late 2022 due to EU pressure. Could a similar model return in the future?
Zlatko Vučinović: Absolutely, but under different conditions and with clear developmental goals. A new model could be tied to investments that provide long-term benefits, such as local employment, renewable energy, green technologies, and agriculture. Citizenship through investment can make sense if it contributes to sustainable development, job creation, and new societal value. However, since October 2025, no EU country has a “golden passport” program, reducing the likelihood that Montenegro would reintroduce it. Even without economic citizenship, Montenegro can grant honorary citizenship to individuals whose acceptance is of special importance to the country’s state, scientific, economic, cultural, or sports interests. The government, upon recommendation of high officials including the Prime Minister, decides this. Montenegro could leverage this more actively under strict criteria benefiting society.
Sea Realtor partners with foreign companies offering comprehensive consulting in real estate and finance. Can you elaborate?
Zlatko Vučinović: From the beginning, we focused on providing complete services. We have learned much from our Austrian partners. The idea is to offer investors a comprehensive service from their first visit to Montenegro through investment and daily support. Through our partnerships with leading financial, legal, and urban planning specialists, we create a friendly environment for foreign investors. Companies already established in Montenegro are introducing new financing models, Austrian expertise, and capital, providing consulting on investments, loans, funds, insurance, and grants. The UCITS fund, the only one on the Montenegrin market, invests in 130 leading global companies, ensuring security and transparency for small investors. Financial consulting, insurance products, and support services offered are unique in Montenegro, often even cheaper than in Austria.
Sea Realtor is not only active in Montenegro?
Zlatko Vučinović: Correct. We collaborate internationally, mostly with Austrian partners, banks, investment funds, construction companies, real estate agencies, and audit firms. We assist investors not only in Montenegro but also in Austria. Our network also helps co-invest in stalled projects, refinancing, and restructuring underperforming investments.
"Hermosa" – an exclusive salon in the heart of Podgorica
Elegance That Lasts
Inside Hermosa, Where Every Dress Tells a Story
There are moments in life that deserve to be marked in a special way. Those are the moments when you want everything to stop, to look around and say: “This is my day.” It is precisely for such moments that “Hermosa” was created — a salon in the heart of Podgorica, where a dress is not just an article of clothing, but part of your story.
"Hermosa" was envisioned as a space where every woman can discover elegance that feels both accessible and personal—without compromising on style or quality. Instead of dresses that end up forgotten in the closet, here you choose for your dress to live again — every time you shine in it.
Our shelves are adorned with wedding gowns and evening dresses by Rosa Clará, a brand which is renowned worldwide as a symbol of sophistication and timeless beauty. Each model is carefully crafted and cherished, so that every client has the feeling that it was designed especially for her.
"I felt as if the dress was breathing with me – light, comfortable, yet so incredibly special. I’ve never had a more beautiful mirror than in the eyes of the people around me that evening," shared one of our clients after dazzling at her celebration in one of our gowns.
Another confessed to us: "The moment I walked in, I knew it was the one. Silence, peace, attention devoted solely to me. I wasn’t choosing just a dress, I was choosing a feeling of confidence and joy"
That very feeling is what makes Hermosa different. Each fitting is scheduled in advance, in a calm and intimate setting, so that you have enough time to discover the creation that perfectly reflects your story.
Although Hermosa is just at the beginning of its journey, the vision is clear — to become the address where women come not only for a dress, but for an experience they will remember forever.
Because at Hermosa we believe: elegance is the moment, and a dress is simply the way to remember it forever.
I FELT AS IF THE DRESS WAS BREATHING WITH ME –LIGHT, COMFORTABLE, YET SO INCREDIBLY SPECIAL. I’VE NEVER HAD A MORE BEAUTIFUL MIRROR THAN IN THE EYES OF THE PEOPLE AROUND ME THAT EVENING
Photo: Rosa Clará Group
Ivana Vojinović, Director of the Center for Climate Change, Natural Resources, and Energy at the University of Donja Gorica
Shaping the Path of the Green Transition
From flooded kindergartens to smart grids—Montenegro’s climate reckoning sparks a renewable revolution
At a time when climate change has ceased to be an abstract concept from scientific reports and has become a reality we experience every day, we spoke with Ivana Vojinović — Director of the Center for Climate Change, Natural Resources and Energy at the University of Donja Gorica (UDG). As a former Assistant Minister for the Environment and Head of the Negotiating Group for Chapter 27 in Montenegro’s EU accession process, Vojinović offers a unique perspective on how global climate policies are becoming part of our everyday lives. In an open
CLIMATE CHANGE IS NOT A DISTANT FUTURE — IT IS ALREADY IN OUR BACKYARD
conversation, she speaks about the personal experiences that reminded her how real and tangible climate change truly is, the greatest challenges Montenegro faces on its path toward energy transition, inspiring examples from the world of green technology, and why young people are the key drivers of change and bearers of hope for a more sustainable future.
Which moment in your career most reminded you that climate change is not a distant threat, but a reality affecting us every day?
That moment happened at the end of 2012, less than two years after I took on the role of Assistant Minister for the Environment in the Government of Montenegro. At the time, a powerful cyclone centered over the Gulf of Genoa brought heavy rain -
fall that caused floods across almost the entire country. Rivers overflowed, sweeping away parts of bridges and dirt roads, while many houses and properties were submerged. One of those days, nearly 160 liters of rain fell in just a few hours in Podgorica. We were in the Ministry, working on amendments to the Nature Protection Law, when we received a call that a kindergarten in Masline had been flooded. The army and police had to evacuate the children as the water was rapidly rising and had reached the electrical installations. That incident was a turning point for me — we
IVANA VOJINOVIĆ, Director of the Center for Climate Change, Natural Resources, and Energy at the University of Donja Gorica
had a tangible, undeniable example of climate extremes. We all felt, without any doubt, that climate change had arrived in our city that day — in the yard of a kindergarten — threatening the safety of our families. And yet, we were caught unprepared, buried under piles of papers and documents, even though we were fully aware of the proven fact that Montenegro belongs to a region highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, such as floods, landslides, droughts, and similar phenomena.
Looking ahead, what is the biggest challenge Montenegro must overcome to truly become a leader in renewable energy? We need to do three things at the same time: diversify our energy mix by increasing solar, wind, and hydropower capacities — a commitment we have already made to the Energy Community, with a target of 50% renewable energy share by 2030; modernize the grid so that it can absorb and balance variable production; and accelerate the permitting process through clear, transparent rules. Montenegro has significant potential for solar energy, with more than 2,000 hours of sunshine per year. Programs such as EPCG’s “Solari” have shown that rooftop installations can be organized as a national project with well-defined financial incentives. But even that is not enough. In the era of digitalization and innovation, modern energy systems must include the development of smart grid technologies and battery energy storage, as indispensable components for the sustainable integration of renewables into power systems. Our additional advantage in the region is the undersea cable with Italy, whose capacity will double once the second cable is built in the coming years. This infrastructure turns Montenegro into a crossroads of regional electricity flows. It is a strategic project of common interest within the EU TEN-E energy networks, designed to enhance energy supply security, reduce transmission losses, and enable deeper cross-border integration of renewable sources. By using this infrastructure strategically, we can smartly “absorb” surplus energy and export it when available, and import when it’s
THE FLOOD DIDN’T JUST WASH AWAY ROADS—IT SWEPT CLIMATE CHANGE INTO THE HEART OF DAILY LIFE. THAT DAY, IN A KINDERGARTEN YARD, MONTENEGRO FELT THE FUTURE ARRIVE UNINVITED
not — reducing variability risks and increasing the bankability of new projects in renewables and smart grid technologies.
Is there an innovation in green technology that particularly excites or surprises you, and why?
I find the example of the Virtual Power Plant (VPP) in South Australia particularly interesting, as it transforms the energy system through renewable sources and the inclusion of socially vulnerable groups. The concept involves networking and centrally managing numerous households equipped with solar panels and batteries, creating a 'virtual power plant' that can supply the grid during periods of high demand or outages at other power stations. The project demonstrates how decentralization and smart grids
can be an effective solution—an inspiring model for Montenegro as well, where distributed energy sources are rapidly growing.
Could you share a story about a project or research where you felt your team was truly making a difference in the world?
“Changing the world” sounds grand. For me, what truly matters is creating projects that change Montenegro from within — that shape people, inspire young generations, and encourage decision-makers to think long-term. One of the projects we implemented at the Center, which I believe is transforming the way young people think and behave, is the “Youth for Sustainable and Circular Textiles” initiative, supported by UNDP. Since young people are the biggest consumers of textile
products, and their attraction to fast fashion has a significant ecological footprint, the project addressed the issue of textile waste with a focus on youth. In the European Union, the textile industry is the third-largest source of pressure on water and land, the fifth-largest consumer of raw materials and emitter of greenhouse gases, and the fourth-biggest polluter overall. Around 5.8 million tonnes of textiles are discarded every year. In addition, textiles — mostly synthetic — are a major source of microplastic pollution, released through wastewater during washing cycles, as well as through production, wear, and disposal at the end of a garment’s life cycle. Unlike in the EU, Montenegro lacks data on the amount of discarded textiles, the ways it is treated or disposed of, and its impact on the environment. There is also limited public awareness of the harmful effects of improper disposal of unused clothing and the environmental consequences of “fast fashion” and consumerism. This motivated us to bring the issue closer to Montenegrin citizens through the implementation of this project. Through numerous activities, young people across Montenegro learned about the environmental and health problems caused by textile waste, their role in combating this type of pollution, and the business opportunities in sustainable and circular textiles. They also discovered how they can become key drivers of the circular and green transition — just like their peers across the EU.
In addition to this project, I would like to share a special moment from my time in the Government of Montenegro — one that crowned many years of effort and dedication, and for me, served as proof that systemic reforms and persistent work always lead to results. From the very beginning of Montenegro’s negotiations with the European Union, the Government appointed me as Head of the Negotiating Group for Chapter 27 – Environment and Climate Change. The moment I felt truly proud of what I was doing for my country came in December 2018, when Montenegro officially opened Chapter 27
in negotiations with the EU, after our team’s dedicated efforts to meet the demanding opening benchmarks and earn the trust of all EU member states that Montenegro was ready to sit at the negotiating table with the European Commission.
What are the three “myths” about climate change in our region that you would like to dispel?
Of all the myths surrounding climate change, perhaps the most persistent is the claim that human-induced climate change doesn’t exist — that it’s merely a “natural cycle,” or worse, a “global fabrication.” These are dangerous forms of disinformation and misleading narratives which, despite being disproven by science for decades, still have deep roots in the public sphere. When I hear someone say that the West “invented” climate change to limit the development of smaller economies, I’m reminded of how important it is to talk about facts — but also about trust in science. Climate change is evident and confirmed through numerous measurements and data; it is far from any ideological interpre-
MONTENEGRO STANDS AT A CROSSROADS OF SUN, WIND, AND INNOVATION. WITH SMART GRIDS AND UNDERSEA CABLES, IT’S TURNING NATURAL ABUNDANCE INTO STRATEGIC POWER
resilience must be built through local projects, regulations, and institutions. The third myth I would challenge is the notion that the consequences of climate change are “far away” or that they will only affect future generations. The heatwaves in Podgorica, severe droughts in Zeta, and heavier rainfall in the mountain regions already disprove that. These are not scenarios from a distant future — they are the reality we live in today.
How do international cooperation and the implementation of EU climate directives influence local policies and concrete projects in Montenegro?
What motivates you to educate and inspire young people to engage with climate issues?
tation. What’s particularly concerning is that such myths block progress. If we don’t believe the problem exists, we won’t invest in solutions. If we doubt science, we won’t integrate it into policymaking. For example, the average temperature in Montenegro has risen by about 1.1°C over the past three decades, the vegetation period has lengthened, and the number of days with extreme rainfall and heat waves has increased. If we wait until we “see” the consequences, we’ll already be at a stage where mitigating them is much harder and far more expensive.
The second myth is that we are “too small to make a difference.”
Such a mindset leads to passivity. The climate crisis doesn’t operate on population size — its effects accumulate locally and impact biodiversity, water resources, soil, and public health. Every tonne of CO2 reduced, every cut in pollution, and every efficiency improvement — when multiplied across dozens of communities — makes a difference. The countries of Southeast Europe are among the most vulnerable to extreme hydrometeorological events, which is why
Through international cooperation and the EU accession process, Montenegro “imports” European goals, procedures, and standards, which are then translated into very concrete local policies and projects. One example is the alignment with the EU Industrial Emissions Directive, which required the environmental reconstruction of the Pljevlja Thermal Power Plant, a project now nearing completion. At the same time, the National Energy and Climate Plan, as an obligation arising from the EU Governance Regulation, will by 2030 become our “compass” for investments in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and grid modernization. In this way, the international process does not remain on paper but guides us toward solar, wind, and hydropower investments as national priorities. Finally, the framework of Negotiating Chapter 27, together with the IPA III and LIFE programs, opens the door to technical assistance and grants that raise the standards of public policies — from air quality and waste management to climate risk adaptation in the water and tourism sectors. That is why today, local strategies and project lists increasingly start from EU methodologies and end with measurable benefits for citizens — such as cleaner air, more resilient infrastructure, and green jobs.
A combination of personal experience and belief in the power of change. In every encounter with young people — whether in a lecture hall, at a workshop, or online — I try to offer them more than facts and charts. I want to share practical examples that connect knowledge with real life. My motivation stays strong even in moments of fatigue, when I remind myself that through education, young people must be taught tools such as critical thinking and the ability to recognize misinformation. Because young people need a vision, not just fear of an apocalypse. What especially motivates me is that young people possess a unique combination of urgency, curiosity, creativity, and courage.
When you look to the future, what fills you most with hope and optimism — and what worries you?
The world is bringing us ever more challenges, but also more opportunities — in the form of new technologies and ecological innovations. That fills me with optimism, because younger generations have the chance to shape a new era of sustainability and harmony with nature. Yet with that hope comes a sense of deep responsibility — and, admittedly, concern. I worry about the ecological crisis, because time is not on our side. When the degradation of natural systems accumulates — through water scarcity, biodiversity loss, and climate extremes — all built environments will become unusable if we lack a planet that sustains our survival, health, and balance. Still, despite everything, I am encouraged by my faith in the power of the individual. I truly believe that one idea, one sustainable practice — when shared, grown, and connected — can trigger a wave of change.
Photo: Boris
Mag. Arijana Nikolić Vučinić, Executive Director of the Foreign Investors Council
Montenegro
Building a Stable and Attractive Economy
From institutional stability to the green economy – how improving the business environment shapes the investment climate
Mag. Arijana Nikolić Vučinić is the Executive Director of the Foreign Investors Council in Montenegro – the only association that exclusively brings together foreign companies, serving as a vital bridge between international capital and the domestic economy. The Council’s members contribute around 23 percent of Montenegro’s gross domestic product, employ 6,000 people, and lead key reform and development initiatives across the country.
Her professional journey is marked by extensive experience in public administration, international projects, and education. She graduated and earned her Master’s degree from the Faculty of Economics at the University of Montenegro, and throughout her career held numerous senior positions in the Ministries of Economy, Labour, and Education. As Montenegro’s chief negotiator for EU accession chapters 2 (Free Movement of Workers) and 19 (Social Policy and Employment), she directly contributed to the country’s European integration process, gaining a profound understanding of the economic and social reforms required to achieve this strategic goal. Her long-standing engagement in reforms and connecting the public and private sectors has given her a unique perspective: she understands how decisions and policies are translated into real-world practice and how they impact society and the economy. Today, she applies that experience to enhance cooperation between institutions and investors, building a more stable, transparent, and predictable business environment, while strengthening Montenegro’s international reputation as an attractive investment destination.
MR ARIJANA NIKOLIĆ VUČINIĆ Executive Director of the Foreign Investors Council in Montenegro
How would you describe Montenegro as an investment destination compared to the rest of the region?What advantages and risks would you highlight?
Montenegro remains an attractive destination for investors, but it is now at a stage where it must work more decisively on strengthening institutional stability and predictability. The regional competition in attracting foreign investors is becoming increasingly intense — and I believe that can serve as an additional incentive for us. According to data from the Foreign Investors Council Report on Foreign Direct Investments (2018–2024), Montenegro has maintained a high overall level of investment during this period, but the structure of those investments has changed. In 2018, productive investments — those that directly generate economic growth and create new jobs — accounted for more than 35 percent of total inflows. By 2024, their share had dropped to only 12 percent, accompanied by an increase in real estate sector investments. Today, we must acknowledge that it is no longer enough to simply talk about investment potential — it is undeniable and widely recognized. What truly matters now is the level of support credible foreign investors can expect. That support lies in removing business barriers, which the Council has been identifying and addressing for over 15 years through its flagship publication, the White Book. The White Book highlights concrete obstacles and provides practical recommendations for overcoming them. I am pleased to announce that the 15th edition of the White Book will be presented at the end of November, when we will jointly review the barriers that continue to slow progress — but also showcase examples that prove how dialogue and cooperation can deliver tangible results.
Which sectors in Montenegro currently attract the most attention from foreign investors, and why? One of the key factors limiting effective investment planning and policy management in Montenegro is the absence of a comprehensive system for tracking foreign direct investments (FDI) by sector. Unlike most countries in the region, Montenegro still lacks a precise statistical model that would allow for detailed monitoring of investments across
different branches of the economy. Establishing such a system would be of great importance — it would enable clearer trend analysis, identification of sectors with the highest potential, and targeted policy measures to stimulate productive investments. Based on the available data, the largest inflows still go into tourism and real estate, yet there is growing interest in energy, renewable energy sources, digital services, and the IT sector. According to the Council’s analyses, these areas offer the strongest potential for growth and for creating quality jobs. It is particularly encouraging that over the past two years there has been a noticeable rise in interest in green and sustainable projects — a direct response to global trends, but also aligned with Montenegro’s priorities on its European path.
How do current regulations and administrative procedures facilitate or hinder the entry of foreign companies? Where do you see room for improvement?
Montenegro’s regulatory framework is increasingly aligned with European Union practices, which represents an important step forward. However, administrative efficiency remains one of the most frequently cited challenges in the market. Our member companies often point to frequent changes in legislation, insufficient transparency, inconsistency, and slow procedures — particularly in areas such as permits, taxation, and company registration processes. In response, through the Council’s White Book, we have for years been proposing practical solutions — from digitalization of public administration and simplifying procedures, to strengthening institutional capacity and enhancing public sector accountability. Progress is visible, as evidenced by a modest increase in Montenegro’s ease of doing business index in 2024. Still, for the country to become more attractive to investors, it is essential to ensure a consistent and reliable regulatory environment. It is also worth noting the practice of involving the business community too late in legislative changes that directly affect their operations. Encouragingly, the level of transparency and cooperation has been increasing in recent years, and this positive trend should continue to be strengthened.
MONTENEGRO HAS THE OPPORTUNITY TO USE ITS ACCUMULATED KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE TO BECOME A RECOGNIZABLE INVESTMENT DESTINATION IN THE REGION
How do global trends — such as the green economy, digitalization, or geopolitical shifts — shape investment strategies in Montenegro? When we talk about global processes that influence economic policies and investment decisions, although they are often referred to as “trends,” I would rather describe them as global commitments. These are collective efforts to stop harmful practices, preserve resources, and ensure sustainable and balanced growth. The green economy, digital transformation, and responsible use of natural resources are no longer a matter of choice — they are an obligation for every country that seeks long-term stability and competitiveness. The Foreign Investors Council, together with the Government of Montenegro, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and the Delegation of the European Union, was a signatory of the Investment Conference Declaration “Smart Growth, Green Future: Accelerating Investments in Montenegro,” held in Luštica.That declaration
clearly defined the country’s development priorities, with green and digital transition remaining high on Montenegro’s list of strategic goals. The Council will continue to contribute to this process through closer cooperation with institutions, signatories, and the wider business community, to help ensure that these initiatives are effectively implemented in practice. Naturally, geopolitical shifts also have a strong impact on investment flows — from the pandemic to, unfortunately, ongoing wars and security crises that reshape the global economy and investment priorities. Montenegro is not immune to these influences; we feel them through market fluctuations, supply chain disruptions, and inflationary pressures. Yet, the size and structure of our market have, in some respects, proven to be an advantage, allowing us to adapt more quickly to change.It is precisely this resilience and agility that could become one of Montenegro’s key developmental strengths in the years ahead.
What would be your key advice to international companies seeking long-term success in Montenegro? Think long-term and build partnerships.Montenegro offers many advantages — openness, a stable currency, favorable tax rates, and proximity to the European Union. However, the success of any investment ultimately depends on a company’s willingness to invest in people, knowledge, and the local community. The most successful investors are those who are ready to collaborate with institutions, engage in dialogue, and contribute to reforms. That is precisely why the Foreign Investors Council exists — as a platform connecting the business community and the state in a shared goal of creating a better, more predictable, and sustainable business environment.
Today, Montenegro stands on the threshold of European Union membership, yet we still face challenges that require dedication and cooperation. In this context, I would like to see our country’s future partners follow the example and vision of credible foreign investors who have been present here for more than two decades — those who have built projects that endure, contribute to
the community, and serve as models of sustainable and successful business practices. Such partnerships bring value both to investors and to society as a whole.
How important is regional cooperation for strengthening Montenegro’s investment climate, and how does it influence foreign investors’ decisions?
Regional cooperation plays a crucial role in creating a stable and predictable business environment. Investors increasingly view the Western Balkans as a single market, so the level of regulatory alignment and connectivity between countries directly affects their perception of security and trust. The countries of our region share a common heritage — but also similar challenges, from administrative barriers and demographic trends to the ongoing digital and green transitions. This is why I believe we can learn from one another and, through the exchange of experiences, find practical solutions more efficiently. In that sense, regional cooperation is not merely a political issue, but an economic tool that enhances competitiveness and strengthens investor confidence. In this regard,
I see the European Commission’s Growth Plan for the Western Balkans as a valuable mechanism for deeper economic integration and for preparing the region’s countries for EU membership.
Where do you see Montenegro in the next five to ten years in terms of attracting foreign investment?
Expectations are that by 2028, Montenegro will become a member of the European Union, which will inevitably transform our position when it comes to foreign direct investment (FDI). Croatia’s experience has shown that EU membership can significantly increase investor confidence, stimulate investments in infrastructure, energy, and innovation, and open access to larger European funding mechanisms. Montenegro is already implementing an investment cycle worth more than three billion euros, while at the same time undertaking systemic reforms aimed at creating a more attractive and predictable business environment. Over the past few years, we’ve learned how unpredictable global circumstances can be. From the pandemic to the present, we’ve witnessed how quickly the global landscape changes — re-
minding us of the importance of adaptability and competitiveness, as well as the need to protect the interests of investors, the economy, and citizens alike. I see Montenegro as a country that has gone through important phases of institutional maturity, now ready to capitalize on the knowledge and experience it has gained. In the next five to ten years, I believe we can become a recognizable investment destination in the region — not only because of our geographical position and natural potential, but also because of a more stable, transparent, and efficient system that builds investor confidence.
If we continue implementing reforms that lead to a more functional public administration, better access to skilled and educated human capital, and a stronger rule of law, I believe Montenegro can, in the coming years, become a hub for sustainable, green, and digital investments.In the long term, that would mean not only an increase in productive investments and the development of stable projects, but also what lies at the very heart of every investment policy — a higher quality of life for our citizens.
Dr Lidija Vujačić, Anthropologist and Artist
Identity at a distance: Between tradition and the modern world
The diaspora nurtures its roots but also follows the changes of contemporary society
DR LIDIJA VUJAČIĆ Anthropologist and Artist
Dr Lidija Vujačić is a university professor, cultural theorist, artist, and writer. She specialises in socio-cultural anthropology, with a focus on popular culture, the media, and consumerism, as well as the ethnology of Montenegro. She is the author of seven books, co-author of eleven academic monographs, and has published dozens of scholarly papers, essays, and articles. As a painter, she developed the concept of “visual anthropology” – a unique synthesis of art and science. Born in Podgorica, she studied in Belgrade and pursued
professional training in Berlin and Graz. Today she lectures at the Faculty of Philosophy, the University of Montenegro.
What ties the diaspora most strongly to its homeland?
The bond is always powerful and emotional. People abroad preserve their identity and tradition, nurture nostalgia, but also maintain family, friendship, and economic connections. They often support their families and the state, yet they also expect backing from institutions that can reinforce these ties.
THE BOND BETWEEN THE DIASPORA AND THE HOMELAND REMAINS STRONG AND DEEPLY EMOTIONAL. THOSE LIVING ABROAD CAREFULLY PRESERVE THEIR ROOTS – LANGUAGE, CUSTOMS, AND MEMORIES – WHILE KEEPING PACE WITH THE MODERN WORLD. THEY MAINTAIN FAMILY AND FRIENDSHIP TIES, SUPPORT THEIR RELATIVES, AND CONTRIBUTE TO THEIR COUNTRY’S DEVELOPMENT. ALTHOUGH GLOBALIZATION CONTINUES TO RESHAPE EVERYDAY LIFE, THE DIASPORA ENDURES AS AN IMPORTANT BRIDGE BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY
Which dimensions of this bond are the most important?
The relationship between the diaspora and the homeland is complex: emotion, culture, and practical interests. Our country can harness this diversity in cultural, tourism-related, and ecological terms, and people abroad often recognise this even more clearly. At the same time, globalisation brings new challenges to identity, making it crucial to brand the country through ecology, culture, tradition, and sport.
Which values does the diaspora most often carry with it?
A blend of traditional collectivist and modern individualist values. In collective memory, the homeland represents a community where the individual belongs to both family and collective, ready to make sacrifices. Values such as honour, heroism, and hospitality are intensely felt, and sometimes even idealised, within the diaspora.
Are customs still preserved?
Yes, they are passed on to younger generations – from religious holidays and wedding traditions to the role of godparenthood and rituals. They endure in both a symbolic and identity-related sense, adapted to contemporary ways of life.
Are there differences between generations?
Of course. Younger generations integrate more easily into their new environment and often perceive tradition more as folklore, while older generations remain tied to collectivist patterns and emotional narratives. Both maintain their connection with the homeland, though in different ways.
Does modernisation bring the diaspora closer to the homeland or create distance?
Modernisation transforms tradition but does not erase it. It opens up new perspectives. Tradition is important, but rigid traditionalism can be an obstacle. The most important task is to preserve heritage while at the same time connecting it with contemporary values.
Which tradition endures the longest?
Spiritual culture – customs, beliefs, folklore – proves more resilient than material culture. In the diaspora, distance often intensifies the need to preserve identity. The greatest challenge and value lies in synergy: merging the traditional and the modern into a new, vital cultural whole.
Photo: Private archive
HUMCI, family-owned company from Cetinje
A tradition of reliability, the energy of the future
Two decades of trust, quality and growth
The story of HUMCI began back in 2006 in Cetinje — the heart of Montenegro — driven by a clear vision and big dreams. What started as a small family business with a single vehicle and tremendous determination has grown into a trusted name in the field of oil and petroleum products.
Over the years, thanks to commitment, professionalism, and the trust of its clients, the company continued to grow. Today, almost two decades later, HUMCI stands as a synonym for quality, safety, and reliable energy delivery across Montenegro.
The company’s headquarters are located in the industrial zone of the former OBOD factory in Cetinje, which also houses its complete technical logistics. Through continuous investment in modernization, HUMCI has transformed a part of the former industrial complex into a modern hub for transport, distribution, and service operations.
EXPANSION AND GROWTH
Business growth has brought new challenges — but also new opportunities. Alongside the expansion of its technical capacities, HUMCI also launched the distribution of petroleum
HUMCI LLC COMBINES FAMILY TRADITION WITH A PROFESSIONAL APPROACH IN EVERY ASPECT OF ITS BUSINESS. EACH PROJECT AND EVERY DELIVERY REFLECT THEIR DEDICATION AND RELIABILITY IN THE MARKET
products, achieving remarkable results through successful cooperation with government bodies and institutions via public tenders. Driven by the desire to bring energy closer to every household and driver, the company opened
its retail outlet — HUMCI BS, a petrol station in Nikšić, on Vuka Karadzica Street — which quickly became a well-known spot for quality fuel and professional service. With continued investment, the company purchased and renovated a hall within the former OBOD factory, where, by the end of 2017, it launched a tire service, vehicle repair, and technical inspection center. This marked the creation of another brand — AUTO HUMCI — which today offers everything needed for a safe and carefree journey.
POWER THAT MOVES
In recent years, HUMCI has increasingly focused on the distribution, filling, and transport of gas cylinders and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). By invest-
ing in new cylinder refurbishing equipment and acquiring thousands of new gas cylinders, the company has become one of the key suppliers on the Montenegrin market. Efficient delivery, reliable transport, and safety at every step are the core principles of the HUMCI team. Thanks to its large vehicle fleet, modern logistics, and high level of organization, deliveries are conducted quickly, safely, and on time.
PARTNERSHIP AND TRUST
Today, the company cooperates with numerous renowned partners and organizations, holds all necessary licenses for working with oil products and gas, and operates fully in line with all safety regulations and standards. Their mission is clear — to continue the growth trend, invest in development, and remain a reliable partner to all citizens and businesses of Montenegro. As they like to emphasize, they are a company that brings together energy, tradition, and the future — a reliable partner every step of the way.
