TỔNG HỢP, PHÂN TÍCH CÁC DẠNG CẤU TRÚC THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG KỸ NĂNG VIẾT CHUYỂN ĐỔI VÀ NỐI CÂU

CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI THPT QG MÔN TIẾNG ANH

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Ths Nguyễn Thanh Tú eBook Collection DẠY KÈM QUY NHƠN EBOOK PHÁT TRIỂN NỘI DUNG

TỔNG HỢP, PHÂN TÍCH CÁC DẠNG CẤU TRÚC THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG KỸ NĂNG VIẾT CHUYỂN ĐỔI VÀ NỐI CÂU – BÀI THI NGOẠI NGỮ WORD VERSION | 2021 EDITION ORDER NOW / CHUYỂN GIAO QUA EMAIL TAILIEUCHUANTHAMKHAO@GMAIL.COM

Tài liệu chuẩn tham khảo Phát triển kênh bởi Ths Nguyễn Thanh Tú Đơn vị tài trợ / phát hành / chia sẻ học thuật : Nguyen Thanh Tu Group Hỗ trợ trực tuyến Fb www.facebook.com/DayKemQuyNhon Mobi/Zalo 0905779594

PHẦN I: MỞ ĐẦU 1. Lí do chọn chuyên đề Trong các giai đoạn phát triển của thế giới, ngoại ngữ, đặc biệt là Tiếng Anh đóng vai trò vô cùng quan trọng trong việc hình thành và gắn kết mối quan hệ ngoại giao đa quốc gia. Tiếng Anh thực sự đã và đang là một ngôn ngữ không chỉ trong lĩnh vực giao tiếp quốc tế mà còn là ngôn ngữ của nhiều ngành khoa học, công nghệ thông tin, văn hóa xã hội, du lịch , thương mại ..... Xác định được tầm quan trọng của ngoại ngữ này, ngành giáo dục Việt Nam chọn Tiếng Anh là môn học giữ vai trò chủ đạo trong quá trình hội nhập và phát triển. Trong nhà trường, Tiếng Anh còn là môn thi THPTQG xét tốt nghiệp và xét tuyển đại học. Vì vậy mỗi học sinh khi còn học THPT cần phải có một trình độ Tiếng Anh nhất định để chuẩn bị cho các kì thi và sau khi tốt nghiệp ít nhất các em phải có khả năng giao tiếp, đọc và viết một số văn bản thường gặp. Để làm được việc này chúng ta không ngừng đổi mới phương pháp dạy học cũng như chương trình học để đạt kết quả cao cho môn Tiếng Anh nói chung và rèn được một số kỹ năng cơ bản cho học sinh. Để việc dạy và học Tiếng Anh đạt hiệu quả thì giáo viên phải cung cấp cho học sinh một vốn kiến thức ngữ pháp và vốn từ vựng phong phú. Trong thực tế giảng dạy giáo viên cũng đã chú trọng dạy học sinh ngữ pháp và kỹ năng làm bài tập. Tuy nhiên kiến thức bao quát cho từng chuyên đề luyện thi vẫn chưa có hệ thống mà trong quá trình làm bài tập, gặp trường hợp nào thì giáo viên nhắc học sinh ghi nhớ kiến thức của trường hợp đó. Điều này gây khó khăn cho các em tổng hợp được toàn bộ kiến thức nền, kiến thức mảng, dẫn đến việc khi làm bài tập đa phần học sinh vẫn không nhớ và không làm đúng các câu rất đơn giản, đặc biệt là thiếu kỹ năng giải quyết bài tập trắc nghiệm khách quan. Trong hai năm học gần đây, hình thức thi trung học phổ thông quốc gia thay đổi, thời gian làm bài thi, khối lượng kiến thức cũng thay đổi. Trong quá trình công tác giảng dạy, thông qua việc cho học trò làm bài tập, giải đề và phỏng vấn các em tôi nhận thấy rằng hầu hết các em đều thiếu kỹ năng viết chuyển đổi câu và kết hợp câu trong bài thi Ngoại ngữ đề thi THPTQG. Hơn nữa các dạng bài tập thực hành vận dụng kiến thức viết chuyển đổi câu có thể dễ dàng được tìm thấy trong cấu trúc đề thi THPTQG xét tốt nghiệp và đại học, đề thi HSG các cấp; đề thi IELTS; TOEFL; TOEIC, v.v... Ngoài ra, trong cuộc sống hàng ngày, kỹ năng viết đóng vai trò quan trọng trong viết văn; trong giao tiếp hằng ngày bằng tiếng Anh, người viết bắt buộc phải sử dụng lối viết đầy đủ và chính xác. Như vậy có thể nói đây là ngữ pháp trọng điểm trong chương trình tiếng anh THPT. Là một giáo viên trực tiếp giảng dạy và đồng hành cùng các em lớp 12 trong quá trình ôn thi THPTQG , tôi muốn giúp các em học sinh đặc biệt là đối tượng học sinh thi khối D thực hiện tốt kỹ năng làm bài kỹ năng viết, đạt được số điểm 1

tối đa(1,0điểm) phần viết chuyển đổi câu và nối câu trong bài thi Ngoại ngữ. Chính vì vậy, tôi đã tham khảo các tài liệu liên quan, thầy cô, đồng nghiệp, bạn bè,......nghiên cứu chuyên đề “ TỔNG HỢP, PHÂN TÍCH CÁC DẠNG CẤU TRÚC THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG KỸ NĂNG VIẾT CHUYỂN ĐỔI VÀ NỐI CÂU – BÀI THI NGOẠI NGỮ ” 2. Tác giả chuyên đề - Họ và tên: .................

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PHẦN II: NỘI DUNG Trong bài thi ngoại ngữ - kỳ thi THPT Quốc gia, dạng bài tập sử dụng kỹ năng viết gồm có 5 câu trong đó dạng bài tập viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa gần nhất với câu đã cho (sentence transformation) là 3 câu, dạng bài tập kết hợp câu (sentences combination) là 2 câu. Số điểm dành cho kỹ năng viết tối đa là 1.0 điểm. I. Kỹ năng giải quyết phần thi viết chuyển đổi và viết nối câu trong bài thi Ngoại ngữ - đề thi THPTQG. Học sinh hoàn toàn có thể đạt được điểm tối đa về các câu liên quan tới kỹ năng viết câu trong đề thi THPTQG hiện nay dựa vào các kỹ thuật sau đây: - Bước 1: Đọc cẩn thận câu đề ra, gạch chân các từ khóa, xác định cấu trúc - Bước 2: Định hướng cấu trúc viết chuyển đổi - Bước 3: Đọc các đáp án A, B, C, D xét nghĩa và kiểm tra cấu trúc viết chuyển đổi lại cẩn thận, Phân tích ví dụ minh họa: (Question 46 – Question 50) (Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2018 – Bộ GD &ĐT) Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. Question 46. Harry no longer smokes a lot. A. Harry now smokes a lot. B. Harry used to smoke a lot. C. Harry didn’t use to smoke a lot. D. Harry rarely smoked a lot. => Phân tích: - Bước 1: Từ khóa: no longer, smokes (hiện tại) - Bước 2: Định hướng cấu trúc viết chuyển đổi thì => sang thì quá khứ (used to do) - Bước 3: Đọc đáp án, kiểm tra cấu trúc viết lại ở bước 2=> đáp án: B Question 47. “I’ll call you as soon as I arrive at the airport,” he said to me. A. He objected to calling me as soon as he arrived at the airport. B. He promised to call me as soon as he arrived at the airport. C. He denied calling me as soon as he arrived at the airport. D. He reminded me to call him as soon as he arrived at the airport. => Phân tích: - Bước 1: Từ khóa: dấu ngoặc kép, I’ll call - Bước 2: Định hướng cấu trúc “ reported speech with gerund/infinitive” , “I’ll…” => hứa (promised to do) - Bước 3: Đọc đáp án, kiểm tra cấu trúc viết lại ở bước 2=> đáp án: B

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Question 48. People think that traffic congestion in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars. A. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is blamed for the increasing number of private cars. B. The increasing number of private cars is thought to be responsible for traffic congestion in the downtown area. C. The increasing number of private cars is attributed to traffic congestion in the downtown area. D. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is thought to result in the increasing number of private cars. => Phân tích: - Bước 1: Từ khóa: think that + due to => nguyên nhân và kết quả - Bước 2: Định hướng cấu trúc viết sử dụng cấu trúc ngữ pháp là bị động kép (think) + cấu trúc từ vựng liên quan tới “nguyên nhân (the increasing number of private cars), kết quả (traffic congestion) - Bước 3: Đọc đáp án, kiểm tra cấu trúc viết lại ở bước 2=> đáp án: B Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. Question 49. The young girl has great experience of nursing. She has worked as a hospital volunteer for years. A. Before she worked as a hospital volunteer for years, the young girl has great experience of nursing. B. Much as she has worked as a hospital volunteer for years, the young girl has great experience of nursing. C. Having worked as a hospital volunteer for years, the young girl has great experience of nursing. D. With great experience of nursing, the young girl has worked as a hospital volunteer for years. => Phân tích: - Bước 1: Từ khóa: clause of reason: she has worked…=> present participle - Bước 2: Định hướng sử dụng cấu trúc ngữ pháp => present participle - Bước 3: Đọc đáp án, kiểm tra cấu trúc viết lại ở bước 2=> đáp án: C Question 50. Peter told us about his leaving the school. He did it on his arrival at the meeting. A. Only after his leaving the school did Peter inform us of his arrival at the meeting. B. Not until Peter told us that he would leave the school did he arrive at the meeting. C. Hardly had Peter informed us about his leaving the school when he arrived at the meeting. D. No sooner had Peter arrived at the meeting than he told us about his leaving the school. => Phân tích: 4

- Bước 1: Từ khóa: told us, did it on his arrival at..=> 2 hành động (trước & sau) - Bước 2: Định hướng sử dụng cấu trúc thì: QKHT và QKĐ + Đảo ngữ “No sooner………than …………hoặc là Hardly……………..when…………..” - Bước 3: Đọc đáp án, kiểm tra cấu trúc viết lại ở bước 2=> đáp án: D II. Các dạng bài tập liên quan tới viết chuyển đổi câu và nối câu thường xuất hiện trong bài thi ngoại ngữ - Đề thi THPTQG 1. Dạng 1: Cấu trúc viết chuyển đổi của thì a. Viết chuyển đổi của 2 thì quá khứ đơn chuyển sang hiện tại hoàn thành/hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn hoặc ngược lại - Minh họa: Đề thi THPTQG 2017 – Câu 43 – Mã đề 401 - Question 43. I haven't met my grandparents for five years. A. I often met my grandparents five years ago. B. I last met my grandparents five years ago. C. I have met my grandparents for five years. D. I didn't meet my grandparents five years ago. Question 46. He last visited London three years ago Đề thi THPTQG 2017 – Câu 46 – Mã đề 402 - Question 46. He last visited London three years ago. A. He has been in London for three years. B. He hasn't visited London for three years. C. He didn't visit London three years ago. D. He was in London for three years. b. Viết chuyển đổi kết hợp của thì quá khứ đơn sử dụng cấu trúc “used to V”=> hiện tại hoặc ngược lại -Minh họa Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2018 của Bộ GD&ĐT Question 46. Harry no longer smokes a lot. A. Harry now smokes a lot. B. Harry used to smoke a lot. C. Harry didn’t use to smoke a lot. D. Harry rarely smoked a lot. c. Cấu trúc nối câu kết hợp 2 thì quá khứ đơn với quá khứ tiếp diễn, hoặc quá khứ đơn với quá khứ hoàn thành -Nội dung: Kết hợp 2 thì quá khứ đơn với quá khứ tiếp diễn: 1 hành động đang diễn ra (quá khứ tiếp diễn), 1 hành động khác chen vào(quá khứ đơn)

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Kết hợp 2 thì quá khứ đơn với quá khứ hoàn thành: 1 hành động xảy ra trước (quá khứ hoàn thành), 1hành động xảy ra sau (quá khứ đơn) 2. Dạng 2: Sử dụng cấu trúc rút gọn “participle/present participle/ past participle”(rút gọn trong câu có đồng chủ ngữ) -Minh họa: Example 1: We left early because we wanted to catch the last train.(reason) => Wanting to catch the last train, we left early. I switched off the light and tried to get some sleep.(time) => Switching off the light, I tried to get some sleep. As he’s lived here all his life, he knows a lot about the town. => Having lived here all his life, he knows a lot about the town. Example 2: Chúng ta có thể sử dụng “a participle clause” sau “after/ before/ while/ since/ on, etc.”.Hai hành động có thể xảy ra cùng một lúc, hoặc khác thời gian. When I met him, I didn’t like him => On meeting him, I didn’t like him Example 3: Chúng ta sử dụng “perfect participle” –“having done” khi nhấn mạnh một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác I’d made a decision and I was anxious to act on it. => Having made a decision, I was anxious to act on it. Example 4: He was bored with his job so he decided toleave. => Bored with his job, he decided toleave. Example 5: Chúng ta sử dụng “being + past participle” sau “after/ before/ while/ since/ on, etc.” After it was cleaned, the bike looked as good as new. => After being cleaned, the bike looked as good as new. When I was informed, I called them. => On being informed, I called them. 3. Dạng 3: Cấu trúc viết lại câu liên quan câu điều kiện a. Viết chuyển đổi sử dụng “Unless”= “If….not”: Nếu không - (The first conditional) If you don’t study = Unless you study If he doesn’t study = Unless he studies 6

-Minh họa: Đề thi THPTQG 2015 của Bộ GD& ĐT Question 1:If John does not change his working style, he will be sacked soon. Unless ________________________________________________. => A. Unless John changes his working style, he will be sacked soon. B. Unless John change his working style, he will be sacked soon. C. Unless John changes his working style, he won’t be sacked soon. D. Unless John changes his working style, he won’t be sacked soon. b. Viết chuyển đổi sử dụng “In case”:Trong trường hợp- (The first conditional) S + will +Vinf + in case + S + V(present simple) -Minh họa Ex: Don’t leave training until just before the marathon because you might injure yourself. => Don’t leave training until just before the marathon in case you might injure yourself c. Viết chuyển đổi sử dụng “or else/ otherwise”:Hoặc là, nếu không thì - Minh họa: Ex: If you don’t hurry up, we’ll miss the train = Hurry up or else we’ll miss the train Ex: Take time off running every week or else your body will not have a chance to rest = Take time off running every week; otherwise, your body will not have a chance to rest d. Viết chuyển đổi sử dụng “as long as/ provided/ providing..”: Miễn là/ Với điều kiện là - Minh họa Ex: You can come with me as long as you pay for your own ticket e. Viết chuyển đổi sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3 hoặc loại 2 +3 - Nội dung + Nếu câu đã cho là thì hiện tại=> Viết lại bằng câu điều kiện loại 2 và ngược nghĩa + Nếu câu đã cho là thì quá khứ => Viết lại bằng câu điều kiện loại 3 và ngược nghĩa + Nếu câu đã cho nguyên nhân là quá khứ, kết quả ở hiện tại => Viết lại bằng câu điều kiện loại 3(mệnh đề if) + loại 2 (mệnh đề main) và ngược nghĩa - Minh họa Example: You didn’t phone us so we didn’t get there in time. => Định hướng: => Viết lại bằng câu điều kiện loại 3 và ngược nghĩa =>Had you phoned us, we’d have got there in time. Đề thi THPTQG 2017 – Câu 44 – Mã đề 401 Question 44. We survived that accident because we were wearing our seat belts. 7

=> Định hướng: => Viết lại bằng câu điều kiện loại 3 và ngược nghĩa A. But for our seat belts, we would have survived that accident. B. Had we not been wearing our seat belts, we wouldn't have survived that accident. C. Without our seat belts, we could have survived that accident. D. If we weren't wearing our seat belts, we couldn't have survived that accident. Đề thi THPTQG 2017 – Câu 47 – Mã đề 402 Question 47. They were late for the meeting because of the heavy snow. => Định hướng: => Viết lại bằng câu điều kiện loại 3 và ngược nghĩa A. If it snowed heavily, they would be late for the meeting. B. Had it not snowed heavily, they would have been late for the meeting. C. But for the heavy snow, they wouldn't have been late for the meeting. D. If it didn't snow heavily, they wouldn't be late for the meeting. Example The weather is terrible so we don’t go out today. => Định hướng: => Viết lại bằng câu điều kiện loại 2 và ngược nghĩa => If the weather were not terrible, we would go out today. Example I didn’t go to university so I don’t get a better job now. => Định hướng: => Viết lại bằng câu điều kiện loại 2 + 3 và ngược nghĩa => If I had gone to university, I would get a better job now. 4. Dạng 4: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng câu bị động dạng đặc biệt a. Dạng bị động kép: Chủ động: S1 +believe/say/think/….that + S2 +V2 + O2 V1 Bị động: =>It is believed/said/thought… that S2 +V2 + O2 =>S2 +be + believed/said/thought…+ to + V2 (khi V2 là thì hiện tại và tương lai) =>S2 +be + believed/said/thought…+ to + have + Ved/ Pii( khi V2 là thì quá khứ) =>O2 + be believed/said/thought..+ to+ be +Ved/Pii( khi V2 là thì hiện tại và tương lai) =>O2 + be believed/said/thought…+ to + have been + Ved/Pii( khi V2 là thì quá khứ) (khi V1 và V2 đồng thì (thường là quá khứ) có thể chuyển sang “ be + believed + to V) - Minh họa Đề thi THPTQG 2015 của Bộ GD& ĐT Question 3:People believe that this new teaching method is more effective than the old one. => This new teaching method ____________________________________. =>Định hướng: Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc bị động kép. =>This new teaching method is believed to be more effective than the old one 8

b. Cấu trúc “Have/get sth done” Chủ động: Have sb do sth = get sb to do sth Bị động => Have / get sth done - Minh họa Monica wanted Jimmy to repair the fence that fell over in the garden. => Monica had Jimmy repair the fence that fell over in the garden. => Monica had the fence that fell over in the garden repaired (by Jimmy). 5. Dạng 5: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “Modals in the past” can/could/should/ might/must/need/ought to..+ have done - Minh họa Đề minh họa THPTQG năm 2017 Question 26: I’m sure Luisa was very disappointed when she failed the exam. A. Luisa must be very disappointed when she failed the exam. B. Luisa must have been very disappointed when she failed the exam. C. Luisa may be very disappointed when she failed the exam. D. Luisa could have been very disappointed when she failed the exam. => Giải thích: was => Modals in the past => loại A và C I’m sure=> must => must have been… Đề thi THPTQG 2016 của Bộ GD& ĐT Question 3:I’m sure that he didn’t attend the Conference on Wildlife Protection yesterday. He can’t ______________________________________________________. => Định hướng: didn’t attend=> modals in the past=>can’t have done => He can’t have attended the Conference on Wildlife Protection yesterday. 6. Dạng 6: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “Câu đảo ngữ” - Nội dung: Các dạng đảo ngữ thường gặp trong cấu trúc viết lại câu trong bài thi Ngoại ngữ a. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ mang ngĩa phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly (ever),..... Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly (ever) + auxiliary + S + V Ex: Never have so many people been unemployed as today. (So many people have never been unemployed as today) Rarely have we seen such an effective actor as he has proven himself to be. (We have rarely seen such an effective actor as he has proven himself to be.) 9

Seldom does class let out early. (Class seldom lets out early.) Little does she realize how important this meeting is. Hardly does John remember the accident that took his sister's life. (John hardly remembers the accident that took his sister's life.) b.

No sooner................................ than........................... Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely........ when/ before … Câu đảo ngữ dạng này thường dùng để diễn tả một hành động diễn ra ngay sau hành động khác trong quá khứ (past perfect + past simple) Ex: No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. No sooner had he gone out than it began to rain. Hardly had he fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-way lands. Hardly had I left before the trouble started. (less used) c. Đảo ngữ với ONLY only later only in this way only in that way only then only by V_ing/ N only with + N only after + clause only when + clause only if + clause only + adv of time/ place + clause Ex: Only in this way can the problem be solved. Only then did she realize the stress he was under. Only then did I understand the problem. Only by practicing English every day can you speak it fluently. d. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No At no time ( = never) On/ Under no condition (= absolutely not) On no account + auxiliary + S + V (& not on any account) (= for no reason, absolutely not) (Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không) Under/ in no circumstances & not under any circumstances ( = absolutely never; not for any reason) (Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không) For no season 10

In no way (không sao có thể) By no means (not at all, hoàn toàn không) & not by any means. No longer Negative clause……………Nor Ex: At no time did I ever say or suggest or even hint that she should lie about what I was doing. At no time was the result of match in doubt. At no time did I say I would accept late homework. On no condition will the company bear responsibility for lost property. (The company will not bear responsibility for lost property on any condition.) On no condition shall we accept their proposal. On no account must this switch be touched. Under no circumstances are you allowed to disturb the pilots. (You are not allowed to disturb the pilots under any circumstances.) e. Đảo ngữ với Not only....... but......also..... Not only + auxiliary + S + V but.... also.......... Eg: Not only is he good at English but he also draw very well Eg: Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly f. Đảo ngữ với SO So+ adj/ adv + auxiliary + S+V+ that clause Eg: So dark is it that I can't write Eg: So busy am I that I don't have time to look after myself Eg: So difficult was the exam that few student pass it g. Đảo ngữ với SUCH Such + be + N/ NP (+ that + clause) Such was her anger that ……. = She was so angry that………. Such is the interest of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night. = The play is so interesting that the theatre is likely to be full every night.) h. Đảo ngữ với until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V It was not until …….that S + Ved = Not until ………….did S + Vinf Eg: I won't come home till 10 o'clock =Not until/ till o'clock that I will come home = It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come home i. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện a. Câu điều kiện loại 1: If clause = should + S + V 11

E.g.: If he calls, tell him I’ll ring back. ≈ If he should call, tell him I’ll ring back. → Should he call, tell him I’ll ring back. If you are interested in our offer, please contact us. → Should you be interested in our offer, please contact us. Should she come late she will miss the train Should he lend me some money I will buy that house b. Câu điều kiện loại 2: If clause = Were S + to V/ Were + S If the guests arrived this week, there’d be no rooms available. → Were the guests to arrive this week, there’d be no rooms available. If I were you I would work harder → Were I you... If I knew her I would invite her to the party → Were I to know her... c. Câu đk loại 3: If clause = Had + S + PII If the bombs had gone off, at least 600 people would have died. → Had the bombs gone off, at least 600 people would have died. If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam. → Had my parents not encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam. - Minh họa Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2018 của Bộ GD & ĐT Question 50. Peter told us about his leaving the school. He did it on his arrival at the meeting. => Định hướng: Đảo ngữ với cấu trúc: No sooner………..than………… A. Only after his leaving the school did Peter inform us of his arrival at the meeting. B. Not until Peter told us that he would leave the school did he arrive at the meeting. C. Hardly had Peter informed us about his leaving the school when he arrived at the meeting. D. No sooner had Peter arrived at the meeting than he told us about his leaving the school. Đề thi THPTQG 2015 của Bộ GD & ĐT Question 4: He did not realize how difficult the task was until he was halfway through it. Not until__________________________________________________. => Định hướng: Sử dụng cấu trúc đảo ngữ “ Not until…..” Not until he was halfway through the task did he realize how difficult the task was. 7. Dạng 7: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “Reported speech with gerund and infinitive” - Nội dung: 12

a. Reported speech with infinitive” Những mẫu câu quan trọng: - told sb (not)to V = asked sb (not) to V: yêu cầu ai làm gì (không làm gì) - advised sb (not)to V: khuyên ai làm gì - encouraged sb (not) to V: khuyến khích ai làm gì - promised to V: hứa làm gì - wanted to V: muốn làm gì - wanted sb to V: muốn ai làm gì - reminded sb to V: gợi nhắc ai làm gì - warned sb to V: cảnh báo ai làm gì - invited sb to V: mời ai làm gì - agreed to V: đồng ý làm gì - threatened to V: de dọa lam gi - offered to V: đề nghị giúp đỡ làm gì - decided toV:quyết định làm gì - refused to V: từ chối làm gì - begged sb toV: van nài ai làm gì - pleaded with sb not to do: nài nỉ ai làm gì b. Reported speech with gerund Những mẫu câu quan trọng: - thanked sb for + doing: cảm ơn ai vì việc gì - congratulated sb on doing sth: chúc mừng ai về việc gì - apologised to sb for doing sth: xin lỗi về việc gì - insisted on doing sth: khăng khăng làm gì - accused sb of doing sth: buộc tội ai làm gì - dreamed of doing sth: mơ ước làm gì - warned sb against doing sth: cảnh báo ai chống lại (không nên) làm gì, - prevented sb from doing sth = stop sb from doing sth: ngăn cản ai làm - looked forward to doing sth: mong đợi làm gì - denied doing sth: từ chối làm gì - admitted doing sth: thừa nhận làm gì - suggested doing sth: gợi ý làm gì = suggested that S +should…. - thought of doing sth: nghĩ về việc gì - blamed sb for doing sth: đổ lỗi cho ai về việc gì - complained to sb about sth/doing: phàn àn - regretted doing: tiếc đã làm gì - objected to doing: phản đối điều gì - reproached sb for doing: chỉ trích/phê bình ai về việc gì - complimented sb on sth: khen ai 13

-Minh họa Đề thi THPTQG 2017 của Bộ GD & ĐT Question 45. "No, I won't go to work at the weekend," said Sally. => refused + to V A. Sally refused to go to work at the weekend. B. Sally promised to go to work at the weekend. C. Sally apologized for not going to work at the weekend. D. Sally regretted not going to work at the weekend. Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2018 của Bộ GD & ĐT Question 47. “I’ll call you as soon as I arrive at the airport,” he said to me. => promised to V A. He objected to calling me as soon as he arrived at the airport. B. He promised to call me as soon as he arrived at the airport. C. He denied calling me as soon as he arrived at the airport. D. He reminded me to call him as soon as he arrived at the airport. 8. Dạng 8: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “cấu trúc so sánh” - Nội dung: a. So sánh bằng - Tính từ : Tính từ luôn luôn đi với động từ “to be” S1 + be1 + as + tính từ + as + S2 hoặc S2 + V2 hoặc V2 + be2 (phải có sự đồng nhất giữa be1 và be2) - Trạng từ: Trạng từ luôn luôn đi với động từ thường S1 + V1 + as + trạng từ + as + S2 hoặc S2 + V2 hoặc V2 + S2 b. So sánh hơn - Tính từ hoặc trạng từ ngắn S1 + V1 + tính từ -er/ trạng từ-er + than + S2 hoặc S2 + V2 hoặc V2 + S2 - Tính từ hoặc trạng từ dài S1 + V1 + more + tính từ/trạng từ + than + S2 hoặc S2 + V2 hoặc V2 + S2 c. So sánh hơn nhất a. Tính từ ngắn: S + V + the + tính từ +est + ….(in /of/ that..) Ex: Mary is the tallest in my class. b. Tính từ dài: S + V + the +most + tính từ+ ……. in/ of/ that..) Ex: Sally is the most beautiful of all the women at the party. d. The more…….the more……..(Càng……………càng…………): So sánh kép The + so sánh hơn + S1 + V1, the +so sánh hơn + S2 + V2 Ex: The hotter the food is, the harder it is to eat. (Thức ăn càng nóng, càng khó ăn) 14

Ex: The more friends you have, the happier you feel. (Càng nhiều bạn, bạn càng vui) - Minh họa Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2015 Question 66: I can’t cook as well as my mother can. My mother ________________________________. => Định hướng: Viết chuyển đổi sang dạng so sánh hơn => My mother can cook better than I can/ me 9. Dạng 9: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “so, such,too,enough” - Nội dung S + V + so + tính từ/trạng từ + that + S + V It + be + such a/an/the/- + tính từ + danh từ + that +S + V It + be + so + tính từ + danh từ + that + S + V (It’s so amazing a trip that we will never forget it) So+ tính từ + be + S + that + S + V Such + be + danh từ + that + S + V S + be + too + tính từ + (for sb) +to V S + be +too + tính từ +danh từ + for sb +to V (It’s too amazing a trip for us to forget) S + be + tính từ + enough (for sb) +to V S + V + + enough +danh từ + (for sb) +to V - Minh họa The boy was so intelligent that he could answer all the difficult questions. = It was such an intelligent boy that he could answer all the difficult questions. = It was so intelligent a boy that he could answer all the difficult questions. = So intelligent was a boy that he could answer all the difficult questions. = Such was his intelligence that the boy could answer all the difficult questions. = The boy was too intelligent to answer all the difficult questions. = He was too intelligent a boy to answer all the difficult questions. 10. Dạng 10: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “although/ despite/ in spite of….” -Nội dung Although = Though = Even though + S V, ………. In spite of = Despite +(n)/Ving,………….. Tính từ + as/ though + S+V,……….. However+ (a)/(adv) + S +V,…………. No matter how + (a)/(adv) + S +V,…………. Regardless of + (N), S +V 15

-Minh họa Although she was very tired, she still managed to finish her homework. = In spite of her tiredness, she still managed to finish her homework. = Despite being very tired, she still managed to finish her homework. = Tired as she was, she still managed to finish her homework. = However tired she was, she still managed to finish her homework. = No matter how tired she was, she still managed to finish her homework. = Regardless of her tiredness, she still managed to finish her homework. 11. Dạng 11: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “would rather/would prefer/ prefer/ had better” - Nội dung: Prefer (not) to do Prefer sth to sth Prefer doing to doing Would prefer to do rather than do sth Would prefer sb (not) to do = would rather sb did sth Would rather do than do sth Would rather sb did sth Had better do sth - Minh họa Đề thi thử THPTQG Sở GD& ĐT Vĩnh Phúc Question 1: I would prefer you not to smoke in here. A. I'd rather you not to smoke in here. B. I'd rather you don't smoke in here. C. I'd rather you shouldn't smoke in here. D. I'd rather you didn't smoke in here 12. Dạng 12: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “fanboys” –“for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so” - Minh họa Question 1: I think my hair looks fine. My mother believes it needs a little more brushing. A. Not only do I think my hair looks fine, but my mother also believes it needs a little more brushing. B. I think my hair looks fine, but my mother believes it needs a little more brushing. C. I think my hair looks so fine that my mother believes it needs a little more brushing.

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D. Either my mother believes it needs a little more brushing or I think my hair looks fine. 13. Dạng 13: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “ wish/ if only” Wish + S+ Ved (ước ở hiện tại) Wish + S + had +Ved/P2(ước ở quá khứ) Wish +S + would(not) + Vinf: Wish + S + could +Vinf( talk about sth we are unable to do) -Minh họa: Ex: I wish I didn’t have to work. (But I have to) = If only I didn’t have to work. Ex: I wish I had known you were coming. (But I didn’tknow) = If only I had known you were coming. Ex: I wish my parents wouldn’t treat me like a child. (But they do and I can’t change them) Ex: I wish I could remember his name. (But I can’t) Chú ý: Dạng thường gặp “reget + Ving”=> wish (ở quá khứ) 14. Dạng 14: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “relative clauses” - Nội dung: Chú ý dạng: + “which” thay thế cho một mệnh đề trước dấu phảy + THAT + S1 + V1 ….+ V(chia ngôi số ít) S V 15. Dạng 15: Tổng hợp các cấu trúc từ vựng hay gặp trong kỹ năng viết nối câu và chuyển câu a. “It’s no use + Ving…..” It’s no use + Ving There’s no point in + Ving It’s not worth + Ving b. rather than rather than +Ving instead of + Ving c. find it + tính từ + to V make it impossible (tính từ ) + to V d. so that so that = in order that + S + V in order (not) to V = (not) to V = so as (not) to V 17

e. not only ………..but also………..: không những………mà còn f. It’s (high) time sb did sth: Đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì III. BÀI TẬP LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN “SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION” + “SENTENCE COMBINATION” TRONG BÀI THI NGOẠI NGỮ Dạng 1: Bài tập biến đổi thì Exercise 1: Question 1. Harry no longer smokes a lot. (Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2018) A. Harry now smokes a lot. B. Harry used to smoke a lot. C. Harry didn’t use to smoke a lot. D. Harry rarely smoked a lot. Question 2. This is my first visit to Paris. (Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2017) A. I have never visited Paris before. B. I am used to visiting Paris. C. I used to visit Paris. D. I have visited Paris many times before. Question 3. I haven't met my grandparents for five years. (Đề thi THPTQG 2017) A. I often met my grandparents five years ago. B. I last met my grandparents five years ago. C. I have met my grandparents for five years. D. I didn't meet my grandparents five years ago. Question 4. He last visited London three years ago. (Đề thi THPTQG 2017) A. He has been in London for three years. B. He hasn't visited London for three years. C. He didn't visit London three years ago. D. He was in London for three years. Question 5. I haven't visited my hometown for a few years. (Đề thi THPTQG 2017) A. I have been in my hometown for a few years. B. I last visited my hometown a few years ago. C. I didn't visit my hometown a few years ago. D. I was in my hometown for a few years Question 6. I haven't heard from Susan for several months. (Đề thi THPTQG 2017) A. I last heard from Susan several months ago. B. Susan didn't hear from me several months ago. C. Susan heard from me several months ago. D. I didn't hear from Susan several months ago 18

Question 7. I have not met her for three years. (Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc 2017) A. I did not meet her three years ago. B. During three years, I met her once. C. It is three years when I will meet her. D. The last time I met her was three years ago. Question 8. The last time I went to the zoo was a year ago. ( Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc 2017) A. A year ago, I often went to the zoo. B. I have not been to the zoo for a year. C. At last I went to the museum after a year. D. I have not gone to the zoo for a year. Question 9. This is the first time I have attended such an enjoyable wedding party. ( Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc 2017) A. The first wedding party I attended was enjoyable. B. My attendance at the first wedding party was enjoyable. C. I have never attended such an enjoyable wedding party before. D. I had the first enjoyable wedding party. Question 10. This pasta is a new experience for me. ( Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc 2017) A. It is the first time I have eaten pasta. B. I am used to eating pasta. C. I used to eat a lot of pasta. D. I have ever eaten pasta many times before. Question 11: I haven’t written this kind of letter before. A. Never before I have written this kind of letter. B. Write this kind of letter is not my habit. C. This is the first time I have written this kind of letter. D. I am not used to write this kind of letter. Question 12: Eight years ago we started writing to each other. A. We have rarely written to each other for eight years. B. Eight years is a long time for us to write to each other. C. We wrote to each other eight years ago. D. We have been writing to each other for eight years. Question 13: My father hasn’t smoked cigarettes for a month. A. It’s a month since my father last smoked cigarettes. B. It’s a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes. C. It’s a month that my father hasn’t smoked cigarettes. D. It’s a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago. 19

Question 14: Having finished their work, the workers expected to be paid. A. The workers expected to be paid because they had finished their work. B. Having their work finished, the workers expected to be paid. C. Having expected to be paid, the workers finished their work. D. Having been finished their work, the workers expected to be paid. Question 15: Mr. Brown bought this car five years ago. A. Mr. Brown started to buy this car five years. B. It has been five years ago, Mr. Brown bought this car C. Mr. Brown has had this car for five years . D. It is five years ago since Mr. Brown bought this car. Question 16: I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years. A. It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much. B. It’s years since I have enjoyed myself so much. C. It was years since I had enjoyed myself so much. D. It has been years since I have enjoyed myself so much. Question 17: John used to write home once a week when he was abroad. A. John doesn’t now write home once a week any longer. B. John enjoyed writing home every week when he was abroad. C. John never forgot to write a weekly letter home when he was abroad. D. When he was abroad he remembered to write home every week. Question 18: The famous actor was last seen in 2000. A. The famous actor has not been able to see since 2000. B. No one has seen the famous actor since 2000. C. The famous actor didn’t see anyone in 2000. D. No one saw the famous actor until 2000. Question 19: I came to live here three months ago. A. It was three months since I lived here. B. I’ve been living here for three months. C. I lived here for three months. D. I didn’t live here for three months. Question 20: We started working here three years ago. A. We worked here for three years. B. We have no longer worked here for three years. C. We have worked here for three years. D. We will work here in three years. Question 21: It’s a long time since we last went to the cinema. A. We have been to the cinema for a long time. B. We haven’t been to the cinema for a long time. C. We don’t go to the cinema as we used to. 20

D. We wish we went to the cinema now. Question 22: He used to jog every morning. A. He enjoys jogging every morning. B. He never fails to jog every morning. C. He doesn’t now jog every morning. D. He intended to jog every morning. Question 23: James was the last to know about the change of schedule. A. Everyone had heard about the changeof schedule before James did. B. Among the last people informed of the change of schedule was James. C. The last thing James knew was the change of schedule. D. At last James was able to know about the change of schedule. Question 24: When I arrived, they were having dinner. A. I came to their invitation to dinner. B. They ate their dinner as soon as I arrived. C. I came in the middle of their dinner. D. When they started having their dinner, I arrived Question 25: This is the first time I have attended such an enjoyable wedding party. A. The first wedding party I attended was enjoyable. B. My attendance at the first wedding party was enjoyable. C. I have never attended such an enjoyable wedding party before. D. I had the first enjoyable wedding party. Exercise 2: 1. It’s weeks since we last saw one another. SEEN => We haven’t ……………………………………………………. 2. They haven’t seen their parents for 2 weeks. SINCE => It’s two weeks…………………………………………………….. 3. I’m tired because the last time I slept was 2 days ago. => I’m tired because I………………………………………………………… 4. When Owen left his job, he began to feel more relaxed. => Since Owen left his job, ……………………………………………………… 5. When did you get married ? BEEN => How long…………………………………………………………………. 6. I started working as a waiter and quit a month later. SINCE => I ……………………………………………………………………… 7. It’s many years since they visited their grandparents FOR => They………………………………………………………………. 8. How long have Belinda and Roderick been married? GET => When…………………………………………………………..

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9. She met them when she was a child. KNOWN => She………………………………………………….. 10. They’re angry because the last time they got paid was 2 months ago. BEEN => They’re angry because they…………………………………………………… 11. How long have you lived in this house? MOVE => When …………………………………………………………………… 12. I started cooking an hour ago. BEEN => I…………………………………………………………………… 13. I haven’t seen Vasily for a few days. SINCE => It’s a few days…………………………………………………………………… 14. They started working this morning and they are still working. BEEN => They…………………………………………………………………… 15. When did you meet your wife? KNOWN => How long……………………………………………………………. 2. Dạng 2: Đề minh họa THPTQG 2018 Question 1: The young girl has great experience of nursing. She has worked as a hospital volunteer for years. A. Before she worked as a hospital volunteer for years, the young girl has great experience of nursing. B. Much as she has worked as a hospital volunteer for years, the young girl has great experience of nursing. C. Having worked as a hospital volunteer for years, the young girl has great experience of nursing. D. With great experience of nursing, the young girl has worked as a hospital volunteer for years. Đề minh họa THPTQG 2017 Question 2: Henry tasted the pleasures of modern city life. Then he found life in his village hard and unattractive. A. Having tasted the pleasures of modern city life, Henry found life in his village hard and unattractive. B. After Henry found life in his village hard and unattractive, he tasted the pleasures of modern city life. C. If Henry had tasted the pleasures of modern city life, he would have found life in his village hard and unattractive. D. Although Henry tasted the pleasures of modern city life, he found life in his village hard and unattractive. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH2014 22

Question 3: :Nam defeated the former champion in three sets. He finally won the inter-school table tennis championship. A. Being defeated by the former champion, Nam lost the chance to play the final game of inter-school table tennis championship. B. Having defeated the former champion in the inter-school table tennis, Nam did not hold the title of champion. C. Having defeated the former champion in three sets, Nam won the inter-school table tennis championship. D. Although Nam defeated the former champion in three sets, he did not win the title of inter-school table tennis champion. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH2013 Question 4: Having traveled to different parts of our country, ______. A. we have learned a lot about interesting lifestyles and customs B. we are seeing a lot of interestinglifestyles and customs C. many interesting lifestyles and customs have been learned by us D. much has been learned about interesting lifestyles and customs Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH2012 Question 5: Martin missed his flight because he had not been informed of the change in flight schedule. A. Not having been informed of the change in flight schedule, Martin missed his flight. B. Not having missed his flight, Martin was informed of the change in flight schedule. C. Martin missed his flight, though he had been informed of the change in flight schedule. D. Martin had been informed of his flight delay, which was due to the change in flight schedule. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH2011 Question 6: He cannot lend me the book now. He has not finished reading it yet. A. Having finished reading the book, he cannot lend it to me. B. He cannot lend me the book until he has finished reading it. C. As long as he cannot finish reading the book, he will lend it to me. D. Not having finished reading the book, he will lend it to me. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH2008 Question 7: Having been delayed by heavy traffic, ______. A. it was difficult for her to arrive on time B. her being late was intolerable C. it was impossible for her to arrive on time D. she was unable to arrive on time 23

Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm học 2017 - 2018 Question 8: Human beings have destroyed the environment for a long time. They are now paying a high price for this. A. Because having destroyed the environment for a long time, human beings are now paying a high price for this. B. Having destroyed the environment for a long time, human beings are now paying a high price for this. C. On destroying the environment for a long time, they are now paying a high price for this. D. After being destroyed for a long time, the environment is now paying a high price. Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm học 2017 - 2018 Question 9: We chose to find a place for the night. We found the bad weather very inconvenient. A. Because the climate was severe, we were worried about what we’d do at night. B. Seeing that the bad weather had set in, we decided to find somewhere to spend the night. C. Bad weather was approaching, so we started to look for a place to stay. D. The bad weather prevented us from driving any further. Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm học 2017 - 2018 Question 10: My uncle was elected as the mayor of the city in 2004. He remained in office until 2014. A. Elected as the mayor of the city in 2004, my uncle held the post for 10 years. B. My uncle was elected as the mayor of the city twice: 2004 and 2014. C. Although elected as the mayor of the city, my uncle took office in 2014. D. Ten years after serving as the mayor of the city, my uncle resigned in 2004. Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm học 2017 - 2018 Question 11: I made sure there was no reason to be afraid. Then I went ahead. A. I went ahead and was sure that there was nothing to be afraid. B. So as not to be afraid of anything, I went ahead. C. Having satisfied myself that there was nothing to fear, I went ahead. D. I was sure that I had nothing to fear but I went ahead. Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm học 2016 - 2017 Question 12: He had saved a lot of money. He travelled to Australia. A. Travelling to Australia needs a lot of money. B. Having saved a lot of money, he travelled to Australia. C. To save a lot of money, he travelled to Australia. D. Travelling to Australia costs him a lot of money. Question 13: Because she was irritated by her husband’s lack of punctuality, she left him. A. Irritating with her husband’s lack of punctuality, she left him. B. Being irritating by her husband’s lack of punctuality, she left him. 24

C. She left her husband because of her irritation with his lack of punctuality. D. Irritated by her husband, she punctually left him. Question 14: The boy was not allowed to have any friends, so he felt lonely. A. Having no friends, the boy felt so lonely. B. Not having friends, they made the boy feel lonely. C. Having a lot of friends, the boy felt lonely. D. Deprived of friends, the boy felt lonely. Question 15: I picked up my book. I found that the cover had been torn. A. On picking up my book, I saw that the cover had been torn. B. Picked up, the book was torn. C. The cover had been torn when my book picked up. D. When picking up my book, the cover had been torn. Question 16: He did not remember the meeting. He went out for a coffee with his friends then. A. Not remember the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends. B. Not to remember the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends. C. Not remembered the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends. D. Not remembering the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends. 3. Dạng 3: Cấu trúc viết lại câu liên quan câu điều kiện Question 1: Without her teacher‘s advice, she would never have written such a good essay. (Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2017) A. Her teacher advised him and she didn‘t write a good essay. B. Her teacher didn‘t advise her and she didn‘t write a good essay. C. She wrote a good essay as her teacher gave her some advice. D. If her teacher didn‘t advise her, she wouldn‘t write such a good essay. (Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2017) Question 2. Without my tutor’s help, I couldn’t have made such a good speech. A. Had my tutor not helped me, I couldn’t make such a good speech. B. If my tutor didn’t help me, I couldn’t make such a good speech. C. If it hadn’t been for my tutor’s help, I couldn’t have made such a good speech. D. If my tutor hadn’t helped me, I could have made such a good speech. (Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2017) Question 3: The candidate was offered the job because of his excellent answers. A. The job was offered to the candidate although he couldn’t answer the questions. B. If it hadn’t been for the candidate’s excellent answers, he couldn’t have got the job. C. The candidate answered the questions so excellently that he might get the job. D. Because it was such a good job, the candidate tried to answer the questions excellently. 25

(Đề thi THPTQG 2017) Question 4. We survived that accident because we were wearing our seat belts. A. But for our seat belts, we would have survived that accident. B. Had we not been wearing our seat belts, we wouldn't have survived that accident. C. Without our seat belts, we could have survived that accident. D. If we weren't wearing our seat belts, we couldn't have survived that accident. (Đề thi THPTQG 2017) Question 5. They were late for the meeting because of the heavy snow. A. If it snowed heavily, they would be late for the meeting. B. Had it not snowed heavily, they would have been late for the meeting. C. But for the heavy snow, they wouldn't have been late for the meeting. D. If it didn't snow heavily, they wouldn't be late for the meeting. (Đề thi THPTQG 2017) Question 6. He was successful in his career thanks to his parents' support. A. Had it not been for his parents' support, he wouldn't be successful in his career. B. If his parents hadn't supported him, he wouldn't have been successful in his career. C. But for his parents' support, he wouldn't be successful in his career. D. Without his parents' support, he would have been successful in his career. (Đề thi THPTQG 2017) Question 7. They cancelled all the sporting events because of the heavy rain. A. Without the heavy rain, they wouldn't cancel all the sporting events. B. If it hadn't rained heavily, they would have cancelled all the sporting events. C. If it didn't rain heavily, they wouldn't cancel all the sporting events. D. Had it not rained heavily, they wouldn't have cancelled all the sporting events. (Đề thi THPTQG 2016) Question 8: She didn’t pass the exam because of her serious illness. Had she not ___________________________________________. A. Had she not been seriously ill, she would have passed the exam. B. Without her serious illness, she wouldn’t have passed the exam. C. But for her serious illness, she would pass the exam. D. If she had been seriously ill, she wouldn’t have passed the exam. (Đề thi THPTQG 2015) Question 9:If John does not change his working style, he will be sacked soon. Unless _________________________________________________. A. Unless John change his working style, he will be sacked soon. B. Unless John changes his working style, he will be sacked soon. C. Unless John change his working style, he won’t be sacked soon. D. Unless John changes his working style, he will sack soon. Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm 2017 - 2018) 26

Question 10. He didn’t prepare well for his GCSE examination and he regrets it now. A. Unless he had prepared well for his GCSE examination, he wouldn’t regret it now. B. But for his ill preparation for his GCSE examination, he wouldn’t regret it now. C. If it hadn’t been for his good preparation for his GCSE examination, he wouldn’t regret it now. D. If he had prepared well for his GCSE examination, he wouldn’t have regretted it now. Question 11. If it hadn't been for his carelessness, we would have finished the work. A. Because he wasn't careless, we didn't finish the work. B. He was careless because he hadn't finished the work. C. If he were careful, we would finish the work. D. If he had been more careful, we would have completed the work. Question 12. But for his father’s early retirement, Richard would not have taken over the family’s business. A. Richard’s father didn’t want him to take over the family’s business despite his retirement. B. Richard only took over the family’s business because his father decided to retire early. C. Richard didn’t take over the family’s business because his father decided to retire. D. His father retired early, but he ran the family’s business. Question 13. The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money. A. This job is not rewarding at all. B. If it were not for the money, this job wouldn’t be worthwhile. C. Were not it for the money, this job wouldn’t be worthwhile. D. Although the salary is poor, the job is worthwhile. (Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm 2016 - 2017) Question 14. It was your assistance that enabled us to get achievement. A. Your assistance discouraged us from getting achievement. B. But for you assistance, we couldn't have got achievement. C. If you assisted us, we couldn't get achievement. D. Without your assistance, we could get achievement. Question 15. He didn't take his father's advice. That's why he is out of work now. A. If he had taken his father's advice, he would not have been out of work now. B. If he had taken his father's advice, he would not be out of work now. C. If he takes his father's advice, he will not be out of work now. D. If he took his father's advice, he would not be out of work now. Question 16. But for their help, we couldn't have survived the famine. A. If they didn't help us, we couldn't survive the famine. B. We survived the famine without their help. C. If only they had helped us, we could have survived the famine. D. If they hadn't helped us, we couldn't have survived the famine. Question 17: I didn’t have an umbrella, so I got wet. 27

A. If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn’t get wet. B. If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn’t have got wet. C. If I had an umbrella, I wouldn’t get wet. D. If I have an umbrella, I won’t get wet. Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm 2015 - 2016 Question 18: The flood may rise higher. Therefore, we have to move upstairs. A. If we don’t move upstairs, the flood may rise higher. B. We have to move upstairs in case the flood rises any higher. C. We’ll have to move upstairs soon provided the flood rises any higher. D. Unless the flood rises any higher, we won’t have to move upstairs. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2012 khối D Question 19: Put your coat on. You will get cold. A. You will not get cold unless you put your coat on. B. Put your coat on, otherwise you will get cold. C. It is not until you put your coat onthat you will get cold. D. You not only put your coat on but also get cold. Question 20: The only thing that makes this job worthwhile is the money. A. This job is not rewarding at all. B. If it were not for the money, this job wouldn’t be worthwhile. C. Were not it for the money, this job wouldn’t be worthwhile. D. Although the salary is poor, the job is worthwhile. Question 21: The burglar might come back. You’d better change all the locks. A. If you don’t change all the locks, the burglar could come back. B. The burglar will come back unless you’d better change all the locks. C. You’d better change all the locks or the burglar might come back. D. You’d better change all the locks in case the burglar comes back Question 22: He survived the operation thanks to the skilful surgeon. A. He survived because he was a skilful surgeon. B. Though the surgeon was skilful, he couldn’t survive the operation. C. There was no skilful surgeon, so he died. D. He wouldn’t have survived the operation without the skilful surgeon Question 23: If I were taller, I could reach the top shelf. A. I cannot reach the top shelf because I am very tall. B. In spite of being tall, I cannot reach the top shelf. C. I am not tall enough to reach the top shelf. D. I am too tall to reach the top shelf. Question 24: I did not read his book. I did not understand what the lecturer was saying.

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A. I found it very difficult to understand what the lecturer said in his book. B. What the lecturer wrote and said was too difficult for me to understand. C. The lecturer's book which I had not read was difficult to understand. D. I would have understood what the lecturer was saying if I had read his book Question 25: I didn't arrive in time to save the boy. A. If I had arrived in time, I could have saved the boy. B. Unless I had been late, I wouldn't have saved the boy. C. If I arrived in time, I would save the boy. D. Unless I was late, I wouldn't save the boy. Question 26: If you had stuck to what we originally agreed on, everything would have been fine. A. If you had not kept to what was originally agreed on, everything would have been fine. B. Things went wrong because you violated our original agreement. C. If you had changed our original agreement, everything would have been fine. D. As you fulfilled the original contract, things went wrong. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2013 khối A1 Question 27: I would have worn the right shoes if I had known I was going to do all this climbing. A. I would love to go climbing, but I do not have any shoes that would be suitable. B. As I did not know I was going to do so muchclimbing, I did not wear suitable shoes. C. I did not go climbing because I did not have the right shoes. D. I would have gone on the climb if I had been wearing the right shoes. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2008 Question 28: The sooner we solve this problem, the better it will be for all concerned. A. If we could solve this problem soon, it would be better for all concerned. B. It would be better for all concerned if we can solve this problem soon. C. If all concerned are better, we can solve this problem soon. D. If we can solve this problem soon, it will be better for all concerned. Question 29: She will be ill ______. A. unless she takes a few days’ rest B. provided she takes a few days’ rest C. in case she takes a few days’ rest D. if she takes a few days’ rest Question 30: Life on earth will be destroyed if people keep cutting trees for their own benefits. A. Life on earth will be destroyed unless people stop cutting trees for their own benefits. 29

B. If we stop to cut the trees for our benefits, the life on earth will be better. C. The more trees we cut for our benefits, the worst the earth becomes. D. If we don’t continue to cut trees for our benefits, life on earth will be destroyed 4. Dạng 4: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng câu bị động dạng đặc biệt Exercise 1: (Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm 2016 - 2017) Question 1: People think the Samba is the most popular dance in Brazil. A. It is thought that the Samba was the most popular dance in Brazil. B. It is thought that the Samba is among the most popular dances in Brazil . C. The Samba is thought to be the most popular dance in Brazil. D. In Brazil, the Samba is thought to be one of the most popular dances. Question 2: People know that English is an international language. A. English is known to be an international language. B. It is known English an international language. C. It is known that English to be an international language. D. English known is an international language. Question 3: Many people think that Steve stole the money. A. It was not Steve who stole the money. B. The money is thought to be stolen by Steve. C. Many people think the money is stolen by Steve. D. Steve is thought to have stolen the money. Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm 2017 - 2018) Question 4: People believe that Chinese people invented paper. A. Paper is believed to have been invented by Chinese people. B. Paper is believed to be invented by Chinese people. C. It was believed that Chinese people invent paper. D. Chinese people are believed to invent paper. Question 5: People believed that the boys started the fire. A. The boys were believed to start the fire. B. It is believed that the fire was started by the boys. C. The boys started the fire was believed. D. It was believed for the boys to start the fire. Question 6: People say that the house was broken into by two burglars. A. The house is said to have been broken into by two burglars. B. Two burglars are said to break into the house. C. It is said that two burglars have broken into the house. D. The house is said to have broken into by two burglars. Question 7: People say he won a lot of money on the lottery. 30

A. He was said to have won a lot of money on the lottery. B. He is said that he won a lot of money on the lottery. C. A lot of money is said to have been won on the lottery. D. He won a lot of money on the lottery, it is said. Question 8: People say that Mary is a good worker. A. Mary is said that she is a good worker. B. Mary is said that to be a good worker. C. Mary is said to be a good worker. D. It's said to be a good worker Question 9: They said that the president had arrived in the city. A. The president was said to arrive in the city. B. It was said that the president arrived in the city. C. It is said that the president had arrived in the city. D. The president was said to have arrived in the city. Question 10: They reported that the teachers expected more. A. The teachers were reported to have been expected more. B. The teachers were expected more. C. The teachers were reported to have expected more. D. The teachers are reported to expect more. Question 11: People rumoured that he had died in the battle. A. He was rumoured to have been assassinated in the battle. B. He was rumoured to have died in the battle. C. He was rumoured to be assassinated in the battle. D. He was rumoured to be died in the battle. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2013 Question 12::People say that Mr. Goldman gave nearly a million pounds to charity last year. A. Mr. Goldman was said to have given nearly a million pounds to charity last year. B. Mr. Goldman was said to have given nearly a million pounds to charity last year. C. Nearly a million pounds is said to have been given to charity by Mr. Goldman last year. D. Nearly a million pounds is said to be given to charity by Mr. Goldman last year. Question 13: It is acknowledged that Vietnam had a complete control over SARS from a very early stage of the epidemic. A. Vietnam is acknowledged to have a complete control over SARS from a very early stage of the epidemic. B. Vietnam is acknowledged to have completely controlled SARS from a very early stage of the epidemic. C. Vietnam is acknowledged to have controlled SARS from a very early stage of the epidemic. 31

D. Vietnam was acknowledged to have had a complete control over SARS from a very early stage of the epidemic. Exercise 2: Question 1: We are having children decorate the house. => We…………………………………………………………. Question 2: We got them to clean the windows. => We …………………………………………………………. Question 3: Many people believe that he lied about the scandal => He…………………………………………………………. Question 4: They think that Gulay is selling the company => Gulay…………………………………………………………. Question 5: It is said that the new plane is fuel – efficient => The new plane…………………………………………………………. Question 6: Everyone believes that the butler inherited her money => The butler…………………………………………………………. Question 7: They believe that skin cancer will cause more deaths in the coming years. => It……………………………………………………………………………… => Skin cancer…………………………………………………………………… => More deaths…………………………………………………………………… Question 8: People think that he is living in South America. => He…………………………………………………………………… Question 9: They expect that the repairs will take three to five weeks => The repairs……………………………………………………………………… Question 10: People say that she left the country months ago. => She……………………………………………………………………………… Question 11: They think that the manager will resign => The manager…………………………………………………………………… Question 12: Experts believe that the house was built in 1735 => The house……………………………………………………………………… Question 13: It is reported that human error caused the accident. => The accident…………………………………………………………………… => Human error……………………………………………………………… Question 14: They say that a fire has completely destroyed the Royal Hotel => The Royal Hotel………………………………………………………… =>A fire…………………………………………………………………………… Question 15: They say that the fire is still burning => The fire……………………………………………………… => It…………………………………………………………………………… Question 16: They believe that ambulances have taken fifteen people to hospital 32

=> Fifteen people………………………………………………………… => Ambulances……………………………………………………… Question 17: They report that seven people are in a serious condition => It…………………………………………………………… => Seven people……………………………………………………………… Question 18: They believe that a cigarette started the fire => The fire……………………………………………………………… => A cigarette………………………………………………………… Question 19: They expect that the police will investigate the cause of the blaze => The cause of the blaze………………………………………………………… => The police………………………………………………………………… Question 20: It is believed that he has invested much of his money in property. => He………………………………………………………………………… 5. Dạng 5: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “Modals in the past” Đề minh họa THPTQG 2017 Question 1: I really believe my letter came as a great surprise to John. A. John might be very surprised to receive my letter. B. John might have been very surprised to receive my letter. C. John must be very surprised to receive my letter. D. John must have been very surprised to receive my letter. Question 2: I‘m sure Luisa was very disappointed when she failed the exam. A. Luisa must be very disappointed when she failed the exam. B. Luisa must have been very disappointed when she failed the exam. C. Luisa may be very disappointed when she failed the exam. D. Luisa could have been very disappointed when she failed the exam. Đề THPTQG 2016 Question 3: I’m sure that he didn’t attend the Conference on Wildlife Protection yesterday. =>He can’t _______________________________________________________. A. He can’t have attended the Conference on Wildlife Protection yesterday. B. He can’t attend the Conference on Wildlife Protection yesterday. C. He should have attended the Conference on Wildlife Protection yesterday. D. He might have attended the Conference on Wildlife Protection yesterday. Đề THPTQG 2015 Question 4:It was wrong of you to leave the class without asking for your teacher’s permission. => You should not ___________________________________________ A. You should not leave the class without asking for your teacher’s permission. 33

B. You should not have left the class without asking for your teacher’s permission. C. You might leave the class without asking for your teacher’s permission. D. You must not the class without asking for your teacher’s permission. Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD &ĐT Vĩnh Phúc Question 5:It wasn’t necessary for her to work at the weekend. => She___________________________________________ A. She needn’t have worked at the weekend. B. She needn’t work at the weekend. C. She need have worked at the weekend. D. She shouldn’t have worked at the weekend. Question 6: He had the opportunity to go to university but decided not to => He__________________________________________ A. He could have had the opportunity to go to university but decided not to B. He could have the opportunity to go to university but decided not to C. He couldn’t have had the opportunity to go to university but decided not to D. He should have had the opportunity to go to university but decided not to Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2013 Question 7: I am sure he did not know that his brother graduated with flying colors. A. He should not have been envious of his brother’s achievement. B. He cannot have known that his brother graduated with very high marks. C. That his brother graduated with flying colors must have been appreciated by him. D. He may not know that his brother is flying gradually up in a colorful balloon. Question 8: John’s score on the test is the highest in the class. He ______. A. should study very hard B. must have studied very hard C. must have to study well D. should have studied all the time 6. Dạng 6: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “Câu đảo ngữ” Đề minh họa THPTQG 2018 Question 1. Peter told us about his leaving the school. He did it on his arrival at the meeting. A. Only after his leaving the school did Peter inform us of his arrival at the meeting. B. Not until Peter told us that he would leave the school did he arrive at the meeting.

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C. Hardly had Peter informed us about his leaving the school when he arrived at the meeting. D. No sooner had Peter arrived at the meeting than he told us about his leaving the school. Đề thi THPTQG 2016 Question 2. He did not realize how difficult the task was until he was halfway through it. => Not until__________________________________________________ A. Not until he was halfway through the task did he realize how difficult it was. A. It was not until he was halfway through the task did he realize how difficult it was. A. Not until he was halfway through the task, he realized how difficult it was. A. Not until he was halfway through the task that he realized how difficult it was. Đề thi thử THPTQG GD & ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm học 2017 – 2018 Question 3. She didn’t understand the benefits of volunteering until she joined this club. A. Not until she joined this club did she understand the benefits of volunteering. B. It was not until she joined this club did she understand the benefits of volunteering. C. Not until did she join this club, she understood the benefits of volunteering. D. Not until she joined this club that she understood the benefits of volunteering. Question 4. The government does not know what to do with household rubbish in large cities. A. Little does the government know what to do with household rubbish in large cities. B. It is unknown what to do with household rubbish in large cities by the government. C. Hardly the government knows what to do with household rubbish in large cities. D. Rarely the government knows what to do with household rubbish in large cities. Question 5. He started computer programming as soon as he left school. A. No sooner had he started computer programming than he left school. B. No sooner had he left school than he started computer programming. C. After he had left school, he had started computer programming. D. Hardly had he started computer programming when he left school. Question 6. Monica won’t tell lies for any reason. A. Never has Monica told lies for any reason. B. On no account will Monica tell lies. C. There’s no reason for Monica to tell lies. D. Monica rarely tells lies for any reason. Đề thi thử THPTQG GD & ĐT Vĩnh Phúc Question 7: As soon as he waved his hand, she turned away. A. He saw her turn away and he waved his hand. 35

B. No sooner had he waved his hand than she turned away. C. She turned away because he waved his hand too early. D. Although she turned away, he waved his hand. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2014 Question 8: It was only when I left home that I realized how much my family meant to me. A. Not until I left home did I realize how much my family meant to me. B. I left home and didn’t realize how meaningful my family was. C. Before I left home, I realized how much my family meant to me. D. As soon as I left home, I found out what a family could do without. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2012 Question 9:They drove fifteen miles off the main road. Also, they had nothing to eat for the day. A. Not only did they drivefifteen miles off the main road, they also had nothing to eat for the day. B. Driving fifteen miles offthe main road, they eventually had something to eat for the day. C. They neither drove fifteen miles off the main road nor had anything to eat for the day. D. They drove fifteen miles off the main road until they had something to eat for the day Question 10: The situation was so embarrassing that she did not know what to do. A. It was such an embarrassing situation; however, she did not know what to do. B. So embarrassing the situation was that she did not know what to do. C. She did not know what to do, though it was not an embarrassing situation. D. So embarrassing was the situation that she did not know what to do. Question 11: When she received the exam results, she immediately phoned her mom. A. No sooner had she phoned her mom than she received the exam results. B. She received the exam results immediately after she phoned her mom. C. No sooner had she received the exam results than she phoned her mom. D. She immediately phoned her mom that she would receive the exam results. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2007 Question 12: No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang back. A. As soon as her boss rang back, she put down the telephone. B. Scarcely had she put the telephone down when her boss rang back. C. Hardly she had hung up, she rang her boss immediately. D. She had hardly put the telephone down without her boss rang back. Question 13: Never before ______ as accelerated as they are now during the technological age. A. have historical changes been B. have been historical changes C. historical changes have been D. historical have changes been 36

Question 14: The match on Sunday is very popular. It was wise of him to buy the tickets in advance. A. Since it is a popular match, he should have brought the tickets beforehand. B. The match on Sunday is so popular that he had enough wisdom to buy the tickets in advance. C. Such is the popularity of the match on Sunday that he wisely bought the tickets beforehand. D. Although he bought the tickets in advance, he wasn’t wise to forsee the match popularity. Question 15: We arrived at the conference. We realized our reports were still at home. A. Not until we arrived at the conference, did we realize that our reports were still at home B. We arrived at the conference and realized that our reports are still at home. C. Not until had we arrived at the conference, we realized our reports were still at home. D. It was until we arrived at the conference that we realize our reports were still at home. Question 16: She forgot my birthday. She also didn’t even apologize for forgetting it. A. Not only did she forget my birthday, but she also didn’t even apologize of forgetting it. B. Not only did she forget my birthday, but she also didn’t even apologize for forgetting it. C. Not only she forgot my birthday, but didn’t she also even apologize for forgetting it. D. Not only she forgot my birthday, but she also didn’t even apologize for forgetting it. Question 17: It was not until after I got home that I realized I had not set the burglar alarm in the office. A. On the way home, I suddenly realized that I had forgotten to turn on the burglar alarm in the office. B. Fortunately, I realized that I hadn't set the burglar alarm just before I left for home; otherwise, I would have had to travel all the way back to the office. C. I didn’t turn the burglar alarm on before I left the office, but I only became aware of this after I'd arrived home. D. I wish I had realized before I arrived home that I hadn't turned on the burglar alarm in the office, then it would have been easier to go and set it. 7. Dạng 7: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “Reported speech with gerund and infinitive” (Thường xuất hiện 01 câu trong bài thi Ngoại ngữ - Đề thi THPTQG) Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2018 Question 1. “I’ll call you as soon as I arrive at the airport,” he said to me. A. He objected to calling me as soon as he arrived at the airport. B. He promised to call me as soon as he arrived at the airport. C. He denied calling me as soon as he arrived at the airport. D. He reminded me to call him as soon as he arrived at the airport. 37

Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2017 lần 1 Question 2 :“You had better see a doctor if the sore throat does not clear up,” she said to me. A. She reminded me of seeing a doctor if the sore throat did not clear up. B. She ordered me to see a doctor if the sore throat did not clear up. C. She insisted that I see a doctor unless the sore throat did not clear up. D. She suggested that I see a doctor if the sore throat did not clear up. Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2017 lần 2 Question 3: “Why don’t we go out for dinner tonight?” said Jim. A. Jim suggested going out for dinner that night. B. Jim refused to go out for dinner that night. C. Jim denied going out for dinner that night. D. Jim promised to go out for dinner that night. Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2017 lần 3 Question 4: "You got an A in Chemistry. Congratulations!" Peter said to his classmate. A. Peter encouraged his classmate to get an A in Chemistry. B. Peter persuaded his classmate to get an A in Chemistry. C. Peter insisted on getting an A in Chemistry for his classmate. D. Peter congratulated his classmate on getting an A in Chemistry. Đề thi THPTQG 2017 Question 5. "No, I won't go to work at the weekend," said Sally. A. Sally refused to go to work at the weekend. B. Sally promised to go to work at the weekend. C. Sally apologized for not going to work at the weekend. D. Sally regretted not going to work at the weekend. Question 6. "We will not leave until we see the manager," said the customers. A. The customers promised to leave before they saw the manager. B. The customers refused to leave until they saw the manager. C. The customers agreed to leave before they saw the manager. D. The customers decided to leave because they did not see the manager. Question 7. "Why don't we go camping at the weekend?" he said. A. He denied going camping at the weekend. B. He suggested going camping at the weekend. C. He objected to going camping at the weekend. D. He apologized for going camping at the weekend. Question 8. "I didn't give John the money," said Mary. A. Mary denied giving John the money. B. Mary admitted giving John the money. 38

C. Mary suggested giving John the money. D. Mary remembered giving John the money. Đề thi THPTQG 2016 Question 9:“I’m sorry. I didn’t do the homework,” Peter said to the teacher. =>Peter apologised _____________________________________________ A. Peter apologised to the teacher for not having done the homework. B. Peter apologised the teacher for not having done the homework. C. Peter denied not having done the homework. D. Peter admitted for not having done the homework. Đề thi THPTQG 2015 Question 10:“Would you like to come to my 18th birthday party?” he asked me. => He invited _________________________________________ A. He invited me to come to his 18th birthday party. B. He wanted me to come to his 18th birthday party. C. He offered me to come to his 18th birthday party. D. He advised me to come to his 18th birthday party. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2014 khối D Question 11:“Believe me. It’s no use reading that book,” Janet told her boyfriend. A. Janet tried to convince her boyfriend that the book was not worth reading. B. Janet opposed her boyfriend’s idea that reading the book was not useful. C. Janet managed to persuade her boyfriend that reading the book was worthwhile. D. Janet suggested to her boyfriend that reading the book was useful. Question 12:“Send this urgent document immediately!” the officer told the soldier. A. The officer advised the soldier to send the urgent document right away. B. The officer ordered the soldier to deliver the urgent document instantly. C. The officer requested that the soldier rush out due to the document’s urgency. D. The officer recommended the soldier leave right away because of the urgent document. Question 13:“Why don't you join us for our next class reunion?” Mary said to me. A. Mary insisted on my joining them for the next class reunion. B. Mary cordially invited me to join them for the next class reunion. C. Mary strongly urged me to join them for the next class reunion. D. Mary advised me not to join them for the next class reunion. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2014 khối A1 Question 14:"Get out of my car or I'll call the police!" Jane shouted to the strange man. A. Jane threatened to call the police if the man didn’t leave her car. B. Jane plainly said that she would call the police. C. Jane politely told the man she would call the police if he didn’t leave her car. 39

D. Jane informed the strange man that she would call the police. Question 15: John said, “You’d better not lend them any money, Daisy.” A. John ordered Daisy not to lend them any money. B. John commanded Daisy not to lend them any money. C. John asked Daisy if she had lent them any money. D. John advised Daisy not to lend them any money. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2013 khối D Question 16:“Why don’t we wear sunglasses?” our grandpa would say when we went out on bright sunny days. A. Our grandpa used to suggest wearing sunglasses when we wentout on bright sunny days. B. Our grandpa would warn us against wearing sunglasses on bright sunny days. C. Our grandpa asked us why we did not wear sunglasses when going out on bright sunny days. D. Our grandpa reminded us of going out with sunglasses on bright sunny days. Question 17:“I would be grateful if you could send me further details of the job,” he said to me. A. He flattered me because I sent him further details of the job. B. He felt great because further details of the job had been sent to him. C. He thanked me for sending him further details of the job. D. He politely asked me to send him further details of the job. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2013 khối A1 Question 18:“How brave you are!” he said to the firemen. A. He blamed the firemen for their discouragement. B. He criticized the firemen for their discouragement. C. He praised the firemen for their courage. D. He asked how brave the firemen were. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2012 khối D Question 19:“We lost the last game because of the referee,” said the team captain. A. The team captain said that without the referee, they might have lost the last game. B. The team captain admitted to the referee that they had lost the last game. C. The team captain refused to tell the referee about their lossin the lastgame. D. The team captain blamed the referee for their loss in the last game. Question 20:“If I were you, I would not choose to write about such a sensitive topic,”the teacher said. A. Theteacher advised me against writing about such a sensitive topic. B. The teacher advised me on writing about such asensitivetopic. C. I was ordered by the teacher not to write about such a sensitive topic. D. I was blamed for writing about such a sensitive topic by the teacher 40

Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2012 khối A1 Question 21:“I will not leave until I see the manager,” said the customer. A. Thecustomer refused to leave until he saw the manager. B. The customer decided toleave because he did not see the manager. C. Thecustomer said hewould leavebefore hesaw themanager. D. Thecustomer waspersuaded to see the manager before leaving Question 22:“Please accept my apology for arriving late,” said Janet to her employer. A. Janet apologised to her employer for her late arrival. B. Janet had to make anapology because her employer demanded it. C. Janet quickly made an apology and the employer accepted it. D. Janet thought she would apologise to heremployer for arriving late. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2011 khối D Question 23:“My company makes a large profit every year. Why don’t you invest more money in it?” my friend said to me. A. My friend persuaded me to invest more money in his company. B. My friend suggested his investing more money in his company. C. My friend instructed me how to put more money into his company. D. I was asked to invest more money in my friend’s company. Question 24:“If you don’t pay the ransom, we’ll kill your boy,” the kidnappers told us. A. The kidnappers pledged to kill our boy if we did not pay the ransom. B. The kidnappers threatened to kill our boy if we refused to pay the ransom. C. The kidnappers ordered to kill our boy if we did not pay the ransom. D. The kidnappers promised to kill our boy if we refused to pay the ransom. Question 25:“You shouldn’t have leaked our confidential report to the press, Frank!” said Jane. A. Jane suspected that Frank had leaked their confidential report to the press. B. Jane accused Frank of having cheated the press with their confidential report. C. Jane blamed Frank for having flattered the press with their confidential report. D. Jane criticized Frank for having disclosed their confidential report to the press. Question 26:“Don’t forget to tidy up the final draft before submission,” the team leader told us. A. The team leader reminded us to tidy up the final draft before submission. B. The team leader asked us to tidy up the final draft before submission. C. The team leader ordered us to tidyup the final draft before submission. D. The team leader simply wanted us to tidy up the final draft before submission. Question 27:“Mum, please don’t tell dad about my mistake,” the boy said. A. The mother was forced to keep her son’s mistake as a secret when he insisted. B. The boy earnestly insisted that his mother tell his father about his mistake. C. The boy requested his mother not to talk about his mistake any more. 41

D. The boy begged his mother not to tellhis father about his mistake. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2010 Question 28:“Stop smoking or you’ll be ill,” the doctor told me. A. The doctor advised me to give up smoking to avoid illness. B. I was ordered not to smoke to recover fromillness. C. I was warned against smoking a lot of cigarettes. D. The doctor suggested smoking to treat illness. Question 29:“We’re having a reunion this weekend. Why don’t you come?”John said to us. A. John cordially invited us to a reunion this weekend. B. John didn’t understand why we came to a reunion. C. John simply asked us why we wouldn’t cometo a reunion. D. John asked us why we didn’t come to a reunion this weekend. Question 30:"Would you like somemore beer?" he asked. A. He asked me would I like somemore beer. B. He wanted to invite me for a glass of beer. C. He asked me if I wanted some beer. D. He offered me some more beer. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2009 Question 31:“Please don’t drive so fast, Tom,” said Lisa. A. Lisa complained about Tom’s driving too fast. B. Lisa pleaded with Tom not to drive too fast. C. Lisa insisted on Tom’s driving on. D. Lisa grumbled to Tom about driving slowly. Question 32:“Why don’t you reply to the President’s offer right now?” said Mary to her husband. A. Mary suggested that her husband should reply to the President’s offer without delay. B. Mary told her husband why he didn’t reply to the President’s offer then. C. Mary ordered her husband to reply to the President’s offer right now. D. Mary wondered why her husband didn’t reply to the President’s offer then. Question 33: She said, “John, I’ll show you round my city when you’re here.” A. She made a trip round her city with John. B. She promised to show John round her city. C. She planned to show John round her city. D. She organized a trip round her city for John. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2008 Question 34:"Why don’t we go out for dinner?” said Mary. A. Mary suggested a dinner out. B. Mary ordered a dinner out. 42

C. Mary demanded a dinner out. D. Mary requested a dinner out. Question 35: My friend told me, “If I were you, I would not smoke so much.” A. My friend advised me not to smoke so much. B. My friend warned me against smoking so much. C. My friend prohibited me from smoking so much. D. My friend suggested not smoking so much. Question36:"I will let you know the answer by the end of this week,” Tom said to Janet. A. Tom suggested giving Janet the answer by the end of the week. B. Tom promised to give Janet the answer by the end of the week. C. Tom insisted on letting Janet know the answer by the end of the week. D. Tom offered to give Janet the answer by the end of the week. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2007 Question 37:“Shall I make you a coffee?” the girl said to the lady. A. The girl wanted to make a coffee for the lady. B. The girl offered to make a coffee for the lady. C. The girl refused to make a coffee for the lady. D. The girl promised to make a coffee for the lady. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2006 Question 38: "Leave my house now or I'll call the police!" shouted the lady to the man. A. The lady threatened to call the police if the man didn't leave her house. B. The lady said that she would call the police if the man didn't leave her house. C. The lady told the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house. D. The lady informed the man that she would call the police if he didn't leave her house. Question 39: "You should have finished the report by now," John told his secretary. A. John reproached his secretary for not having finished the report. B. John said that his secretary had not finished the report. C. John reminded his secretary of finishing the report on time. D. John scolded his secretary for not having finished the report. Question 40: "If I were you, I would take the job," said my room-mate. A. My room-mate was thinking about taking the job. B. My room-mate advised me to take the job. C. My room-mate introduced the idea of taking the job to me. D. My room-mate insisted on taking the job for me. Question 41: "It's too stuffy in this room, isn't it?" said the guest. A. The guest suggested that the room should be aired. B. The guest remarked that the room should be aired. C. The guest said that the room was too crowded. D. The guest said that there was too much stuff in the room. 43

Question 42: "Cigarette?" he asked. "No, thanks." I said. A. He asked for a cigarette, and I immediately refused. B. He mentioned a cigarette, so I thanked him. C. He offered me a cigarette, but I promptly declined. D. He asked if I was smoking, and I denied at once. Question 43: The doctor said, "You really ought to rest for a few days, Jasmine." A. Jasmine's doctor insisted that she should rest for a few days. B. The doctor suggested that Jasmine should take a short rest. C. It is the doctor's recommendation that Jasmine rested shortly. D. The doctor strongly advised Jasmine to take a few days' rest. Question 44: "I will pay back the money, Gloria." said Ivan. A. Ivan apologised to Gloria for borrowing her money. B. Ivan offered to pay Gloria the money back. C. Ivan promised to pay back Gloria's money. D. Ivan suggested paying back the money to Gloria. Question 45: "Would you like to come to my birthday party, Sarah?" asked Frederic. A. Frederic invited Sarah to his birthday party. B. Frederic asked if Sarah was able to come to his birthday party. C. Frederic asked Sarah if she liked his birthday party or not. D. Frederic reminded Sarah of his coming birthday party. Question 46. "I'm sorry I made a mistake", said he. A. He said he had made a mistake. B. He apologized for making a mistake. C. He blamed him for making a mistake. D. He admitted that he had made a mistake. Question 47."How beautiful is the dress you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary. A. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress. B. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress. C. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress. D. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress. Question 48. "Why don't you ask the teacher for help?" Nam asked me. A. Nam told me the reason why I did not ask the teacher for help. B. Nam advised me to ask the teacher for help. C. Nam suggested that he should ask the teacher for help. D. Nam recommended me not to ask the teacher for help Question 49:“If I were you, I would go to see the doctor�, David said to Claudia. A. David advised Claudia not to go to see the doctor. B. David advised Claudia to go to see the doctor. C. David told Claudia to become a doctor. 44

D. David told Claudia that he would go to see the doctor. Question 50: Conan said to me, "If I were you, I would read different types of books in different ways." A. Conan ordered me to read different types of books in different ways. B. I said to Conan to read different types of books in different ways to me. C. I read different types of books in different ways to Conan as he told me. D. Conan advised me to read different types of books in different ways. Question 51:“You must wear the seat belt when driving!” she said to him. A. She told him to wear the seat belt when he drove. B. She confirmed that he wore the seat belt when driving. C. She complained that he wore the seat belt as he drove. D. She encouraged him to wear the seat belt when driving. Question 52:“I didn’t break my word,” Jim said. A. Jim refused to break his promise. B. Jim didn’t break his word. C. Jim denied breaking his promise. D. Jim admitted breaking his word. Question 53:“I will certainly show you around when you visit my town, Megan,” said George. A. George suggested Megan’s showing him around when she visited his town. B. George refused to show Megan around when she visited his town. C. George requested that Megan show him around when she visited his town. D. George promised to show Megan around when she visited his town. Question 54: "You should have finished the report by now," John told his secretary. A. John reminded his secretary of finishing the report on time. B. John said that his secretary had not finished the report. C. John scolded his secretary for not having finished the report. D. John reproached his secretary for not having finished the report 8. Dạng 8: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “cấu trúc so sánh E xercise 1: Đề thi thử THPTQG năm học 2016 – 2017 sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc Question 1: No one in the class can play chess as well as he can. A. He plays chess better than anyone else in the class. B. He is a good chess player in the class. C. No one else can play chess better than him. D. No one else in the class can play chess better than he is.Question Đề thi thử THPTQG năm học 2017 – 2018 sở GD&ĐT Vĩnh Phúc 45

Question 2: We cut down many forests. The Earth becomes hot. A. The more forests we cut down, the Earth becomes hotter. B. The more we cut down forests, the Earth becomes hotter. C. The more we cut down forests, the hotter the Earth becomes. D. The more forests we cut down, the hotter the Earth becomes. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2009 Question 3: His eel soup is better than any other soups I have ever eaten. A. Of all the soups I have ever eaten, his eel soup is the best. B. I have ever eaten many soups that are better than his eel soup. C. His eel soup is good but I have ever eaten many others better. D. His eel soup is the worst of all soups I have eaten Question 4: The traditional phone is far from convenient compared to the smart one. A. Smart phones are almost as convenient as traditional ones. B. The traditional phone is far more convenient than the smart one. C. The traditional phone is as convenient as the smart one. D. Smart phones are much more convenient than traditional ones. Exercise 2: Question 1: I can’t cook as well as my mother can. My mother ……………………………………………. Question 2: Her old house is bigger than her new one. => Her new house................................................... Question 3: No one in my class is taller than Peter. => Peter....................................................... Question 4: The black dress is more expensive than the white one. => The white dress................................................... Question 5: According to me, English is easier than Maths. => According to me, Maths........................................ Question 6: No one in my group is more intelligent than Mary. => Mary................................................................ Question 7: No river in the world is longer than the Nile. => The Nile........................................................... Question 8: Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. => No mountain...................................................... Question 9: This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl. => She is.............................................................. Question 10: He works much. He feels tired. => The more......................................................... 46

Question 11: This computer works better than that one. => That computer..................................................... Question 12: The apartment is big. The rent is high. => The bigger.......................................................... Question 13: We set off soon. We will arrive soon. => The sooner............................................................ Question 14: The joke is good. The laughter is loud. => The better............................................................... Question 15: She gets fat. She feels tired. => The fatter................................................................ Question 16: As he gets older, he wants to travel less. => The older................................................................ Question 17: The children are excited with the difficult games. => The more................................................................ Question 18: People dive fast. Many accidents happen. => The faster................................................................ Question 19: I meet him much. I hate him much => The more................................................................ Question 20: My boss works better when he is pressed for time, => The less................................................................... Question 21: As he has much money, he wants to spend much. => The more................................................................... Question 22: If you read many books, you will have much knowledge. => The more..................................................................... Question 23: He speaks too much and people feel bored. => The more..................................................................... Question 24:. The growth in the economy makes people's living condition better. => The more....................................................................... Question 25: People learn a lot of things as they travel far. => The farther...................................................................... ฤ รกp รกn: Question 1: My mother can cook better than me/I can Question 2: Her new house isn't so/ as big as her old one. Question 3: Peter is the tallest in my class. Question 4: The white dress isn't so/ as expensive as the black one. Question 5: According to me, Maths isn't so/ as easy as English. Question 6 Mary is the most intelligent in my group. Question 7: The Nile is the longest river in the world. Question 8: No mountain in the world is higher than Mount Everest. 47

Question 9: She is the prettiest girl I have ever met. Question 10: The more he works, the more tired he feels. Question 11: That computer doesn't work so/ as well as that one. Question 12: The bigger the apartment is, the higher the rent is. Question 13: The sooner we set off, the sooner we’ll arrive Question 14: The better the joke is, the louder the laughter is. Question 15: The fatter she gets, the more tired she feels. Question 16: The older he gets, the less he want to travel. Question 17: The more difficult the games are, the more excited the children are. Question 18: The faster people drive, the more accidents happen. Question 19: The more I meet him, the more I hate him. Question 20: The less time my boss has, the better he works. Question 21: The more money he has, the more he wants to spend. Question 22: The more books you read, the more knowledge you will have. Question 23: The more he speaks, the more bored people feel. Question 24: The more the economy grows, the better people's living condition is. Question 25: The farther people travel, the more they learn. 9. Dạng 9: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “so, such, too, enough” Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2006 Question 1: The children couldn't go swimming because the sea was too rough. A. The children were not calm enough to swim in the sea. B. The sea was rough enough for the children to swim in. C. The sea was too rough for the children to go swimming. D. The sea was too rough to the children's swimming. Đề khảo sát chất lượng THPTQG sở GD & ĐTVĩnh Phúc năm học 2016 – 2017 Question 2: The coffee was too hot for me to drink. A. The coffee was so hot that I could drink it. B. The coffee is so hot that I can drink it. C. The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it. D. The coffee was so hot that I couldn’t drink it. Đề khảo sát chất lượng THPTQG Vĩnh Phúc năm học 2016 – 2017 Question 3: The coffee was not strong, so it didn’t keep us awake. A. The coffee was not strong enough to keep us awake. B. The coffee was very strong, but it couldn’t keep us awake. C. We are kept awake because the coffee was strong. D. The coffee was so hot that it didn’t keep us awake. Question 4: The book is so interesting that it has become the best-seller of this year. A. It is such interesting a book that it has become the best-seller of this year. 48

B. It is so interesting book that it has become the best-seller of this year. C. So interesting the book is that it has become the best-seller of this year. D. It is so interesting a book that it has become the best-seller of this year. Đề khảo sát chất lượng THPTQG Vĩnh Phúc năm học 2015– 2016 Question 5: He is very intelligent. He can solve all the problems very quickly. A. So intelligent is he that he can solve all the problems very quickly. B. An intelligent student is he that he can solve all the problems very quickly. C. Such intelligent a student is he that he can solve all the problems very quickly. D. He is very intelligent that he can solve all the problems very quickly. Question 6: The children couldn't do swimming because the sea was too rough. A. The children were not calm enough to swim in the sea. B. The sea was rough enough for the children to swim in. C. The sea was too rough to the children's swimming. D. The sea was too rough for the children to swim in. Đề thi THPTQG 2017 Bộ GD &ĐT Question 7: My mother is very busy with her work at the office, so she can’t take good care of us. A. In spite of being very busy with her work at the office, my mother takes good care of us. B. Because my mother is very busy with her work at the office, she takes good care of us. C. My mother is so busy with her work at the office that she cannot take good care of us. D. My mother is so busy with her work at the office, not to take good care of us. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2014 Bộ GD &ĐT Question 8: When there is so much traffic on the roads, it is sometimes quicker to walk than to go by car. A. There is so much traffic these days that it is more pleasant to walk than to drive. B. The traffic is always so heavy that you’d better walk to work; it’s quicker. C. It is faster to walk than to drive in the heavy traffic at certain time of the day. D. During rush hours, walking gives me much more pleasure than driving in the heavy traffic. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2013 Bộ GD &ĐT Question 9: I did not arrive in time. I was not able to see her off. A. She had left because I was not on time. B. I did not go there, so I could not see her off. C. I was not early enough to see her off. D. I arrived very late tosay goodbye to her. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2012 Bộ GD Question 10: The situation was so embarrassing that she did not know what to do. A. It was such an embarrassing situation; however, she did not know what to do. B. So embarrassing the situation was that she did not know what to do. 49

C. She did not know what to do, though it was not an embarrassing situation. D. So embarrassing was the situation that she did not know what to do. Question 11: The football match was so exciting. The spectators at the stadium cheered wildly all through it. A. Despite the exciting football match, not all the spectators at the stadium cheered wildly all through it. B. The spectators at the stadium cheered wildly to make the match exciting all through it. C. When the spectators at the stadium cheered wildly, the football match became exciting all through it. D. The football match was so exciting that the spectators at the stadium cheered wildly all through it. Đề tuyển sinh ĐH 2010 Question 12: The woman was too weak to lift the suitcase. A. The woman wasn’t able to lift the suitcase,so she was very weak. B. Thewoman shouldn't have lifted the suitcase as she was weak. C. So weak was the woman that she couldn'tlift the suitcase. D. The woman, though weak, could lift the suitcase. Question 13: The music was so loud that we had to shout to each other. A. So loud was the music that we had to shout to each other. B. Because of loud music, we hadn’t to shout to each other. C. The music was too loud that we had to shout to each other. D. We didn’t say loud enough to hear each other. Question 14: This flat is too small for my family. A. This flat is not big enough for my family. B. This flat is not very big for my family. C. This flat is not enough big for my family. D. This flat is not rather big for my family. Question 15: The bread was too stale to eat. A. The bread was not fresh enough to eat. B. Eating the bread was stale. C. We cannot eat the bread because it was burnt. D. It was stale to eat the bread. 10. Dạng 10: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “although/ despite/ in spite of….” Đề thi minh họa THPTQG 2017 lần 1 Question 1: She tried very hard to pass the driving test. She could hardly pass it. A. Although she didn‘t try hard to pass the driving test, she could pass it. 50

B. Despite being able to pass the driving test, she didn‘t pass it. C. No matter how hard she tried, she could hardly pass the driving test. D. She tried very hard, so she passed the driving test satisfactorily. Đề thi THPTQG 2017 Bộ GD &ĐT Question 2 : My mother is very busy with her work at the office. She still takes good care of us. A. In spite of being very busy with her work at the office, my mother takes good care of us. B. Because my mother is very busy with her work at the office, she takes good care of us. C. My mother is so busy with her work at the office that she cannot take good care of us. D. My mother is so busy with her work at the office, not to take good care of us. Question 3. Nam had all the necessary qualifications. They didn't offer him the job. A. Despite having all the necessary qualifications, Nam was not offered the job. B. They didn't offer Nam the job as he had all the necessary qualifications. C. Nam had all the necessary qualifications, so they didn't offer him the job. D. If Nam had had all the necessary qualifications, he would have been offered the job. Đề thi thử THPTQG tỉnh Vĩnh Phúc Question 4: Although he is intelligent, he doesn't do well at school. A. Despite being intelligent, he doesn't do well at school. B. In spite he is intelligent; he doesn't do well at school. C. Although his intelligence, he does well at school. D. In spite of intelligent, he doesn't do well at school. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2014 Question 5: Most scientists know him well. However, very few ordinary people have heard of him. A. Many ordinary people know him better than most scientists do. B. Although he is well known to scientists, he is little known to the general public. C. He is the only scientist that is not known to the general public. D. Not only scientists but also the general public know him as a big name. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2013 khối D Question 6: We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping. We know relatively little about sleep. A. We know relatively little about sleep; as a result, we spend about one-third of our lives sleeping. B. We shall know more about sleep if we spend more than one-third of our lives sleeping. C. Despite spending about one-third of our lives sleeping, we know relatively little about sleep. D. We spend about one-third of our lives sleeping sothat we know relatively little about sleep. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2013 khối A1 51

Question 7: Although the teacher explained the theory clearly, the students found it hard to understand it. A. Though explained clearly, the theory of teaching was difficult to the students. B. Although the teaching theory was clear, it was a real challenge to the students. C. In spite of explaining the theoryclearly, the students themselves found it hard tounderstand it. D. Despite the teacher’s clear explanation of the theory, the students had difficulty understanding it. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2012 khối D Question 8: No matter how hard Fred tried to lose weight, he did not succeed. A. However hard Fred tried, he could not lose weight. B. Fred tried very hard to lose weight and succeeded. C. It was hard for Fred to lose weight because he never succeeded. D. It did not matter whether Fred could lose weight. Đề thi thử THPTQG sở GD & ĐT Vĩnh Phúc năm học 2017 – 2018 Question 9: Alternative sources of energy have environmental advantages. It’s not easy to make full use of them. A. Because alternative sources of energy have environmental advantages, it’s not easy to make full use of them. B. Alternative sources of energy have environmental advantages, so it’s not easy to make full use of them. C. Despite their environmental advantages, it’s not easy to make full use of alternative sources of energy. D. Although alternative sources of energy have environmental advantages, but it’s not easy to make full use of them. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2011 khối D Question 10:______, he was determined to continue to climb up the mountain. A. He felt very tired though B. As he might feel tired C. Tired as it was D. Tired as he might feel Question 11: Mary was very disappointed, but she tried to keep calm. A. Feeling disappoined, Mary tried to keep calm, but she failed. B. Mary was too disappointed to keep calm. C. Mary lost her temper because of her disappointment D. Disappointed as she was, Mary tried to keep calm Question 12. My brother can't find a job. He is very well-qualified. A. My brother can't find a job, and he is well-qualified. 52

B. My brother can't find a job even though he is very well-qualified. C. My brother can't find a job, but he is very well-qualified. D. My brother can't find a job because he is very well-qualified Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2009 khối D Question 13: Mike graduated with a good degree. However,he joined the ranks of the unemployed. A. Mike joined the ranks of the unemployed because he graduated with a good degree. B. If Mike graduated with a good degree, he would join the ranks of the unemployed. C. Although Mike graduated with a good degree, he joined the ranks of the unemployed. D. That Mike graduated with a good degree helped him join the ranks of the unemployed Question 14: ______, he felt so unhappy and lonely. A. Despite of his wealth B. Rich as was he C. Rich as he was D. Despite he was so rich Question 15: The new restaurant looks good. However, it seems to have few customers. A. If it had a few more customers, the new restaurant would look better. B. In order to get more business, the new restaurant should improve its appearance. C. In spite of its appearance, the new restaurant does not appear to attract much business. D. The new restaurant would have more customers if it looked better. Question 16: He agreed to sign the contract ______. A. so he didn’t know much about that company B. in spite he knew much about it C. because he didn’t know much about that company’s director D. although he didn’t know much about that company. Question 17: Although she was very old, she looked very grateful. A. In spite of very old, she looked very grateful. B. Despite she was very old, she looked very grateful. C. Despite her old age, she looked very grateful. D. In spite her being old, she looked very grateful Question 18: Wealthy as they were, they were far fromhappy. A. They were not happy as they were wealthy. B. Although they were wealthy, they were not happy. C. They were as wealthy as they were happy. D. Even if they were wealthy, they were not unhappy. 53

11. Dạng 11: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “would rather/would prefer/ prefer/ had better” Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2012 khối A1 Question 1: She prefers going to the library to staying at home. A. She would rather go to the library than stay at home. B. She likes nothing better than going to the library. C. She does not like either going to the library or staying at home. D. She stays at home instead of going to the library. Question 2 : She prefers going to the library to staying at home. A. She would rather go to the library than stay at home. B. She likes nothing better than going to the library. C. She does not like either going to the library or staying at home. D. She stays at home instead of going to the library. Question 3: I would like you to go home now. =>I’d rather……………………………………. Question 4: I would prefer to go in December rather than in May. .=> I’d rather……………………………………….. Question 5: I prefer starting early to leaving everything to the last minute. =>I would rather……………………………………. Question 6: I want you to stay in a hostel rather than in a hotel. =>I would rather you……………………………. Question 7: I would like you to find a job. => =>I would rather you……………………………. Question8: They would like to build a new house instead of repairing the old one. =>They would rather………………………………………….. Question 9: We would like you to do the work yourself. => We would rather you………………………………… Keys Question 3: I would rather you went home now. Question 4: I would rather go in December than in May. Question 5: I would rather start early than leave everything to the last minute. Question 6: I would rather you stayed in a hostel than in a hotel. Question 7: I would rather you found a job. Question 8: They would rather build a new house than repair the old one. Question 9: We would rather you did the work yourself. 12. Dạng 12: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “fanboys” –“for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so” hoặc sử dụng “since = because = as” Đề thi THPTQG 2017 54

Question 1. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water. Others live in sea water. A. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, for others live in sea water. B. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, and others live in sea water. C. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, or others live in sea water. D. Some kinds of fish live in fresh water, so others live in sea water. Question 2. My sister is good at cooking. My brother is bad at it. A. My sister is good at cooking, or my brother is bad at it. B. My sister is good at cooking, for my brother is bad at it. C. My sister is good at cooking, but my brother is bad at it. D. My sister is good at cooking, so my brother is bad at it. Question 3. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies. Her classmates appreciate her. A. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, but they appreciate her. B. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, for they appreciate her. C. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, so they appreciate her. D. Mai usually helps her classmates with their studies, or they appreciate her. Question 4. We cannot completely avoid stress in our lives. We need to find ways to cope with it. A. As long as we can completely avoid stress in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it. B. After we can completely avoid stress in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it. C. Since we cannot completely avoid stress in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it. D. Because stress can completely be avoided in our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it. Question 5. Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers. They are excellent homemakers. A. Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers, and they are excellent homemakers. B. Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers, for they are excellent homemakers. C. Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers, so they are excellent homemakers. D. Many Vietnamese women are successful in their careers, or they are excellent homemakers. Question 6. Our flight was delayed. We decided to spend time at the duty-free shops. A. As our flight was delayed, we decided to spend time at the duty-free shops. B. We have been spending time at the duty-free shops since our flight was delayed. C. We decided to spend time at the duty-free shops in case our flight was delayed. D. Although our flight was delayed, we decided to spend time at the duty-free shops. Question 7. Books help broaden the mind. Books also provide a good source of entertainment. 55

A. Books help broaden the mind, but they provide a good source of entertainment. B. Books help broaden the mind, and they provide a good source of entertainment. C. Books help broaden the mind, for they provide a good source of entertainment. D. Books help broaden the mind, or they provide a good source of entertainment. Question 8: They arrived too late to get good seats. A. As they got there too late, there were no good seats left. B. Although they were late, they found some good seats. C. They got good seats some time after they arrived. D. They had to stand for the whole show. Question 9: Smoking is an extremely harmful habit.You should give it up immediately. A. As smoking is an extremely harmful habit, you should give it up immediately. B. You should give up smoking immediately and you will fall into an extremely harmful habit. C. When you give up smoking immediately, you will affect your health with this harmful habit. D. Stop your smoking immediately so it will become one of your extremely harmful habits. Question 10: The robbers attacked the owner of the house ______. A. so that they would appear with the expensive painting B. and disappeared with the expensive painting C. but they appeared with the expensive painting D. so they disappeared with the expensive painting Question 11: Everybody laughed at him because he didn’t get the joke. A. He didn’t tell a joke, so everybody was displeased. B. Everyone smiled together with him as he knew the joke. C. Everyone made fun of him as he didn’t understand the joke. D. His joke was good, but everybody laughed at him Question 12: Rather than disturb the meeting, I left without saying goodbye. A. The meeting was disturbed as I left saying goodbye. B. I disturbed the meeting because I said goodbye. C. I would rather disturb the meeting than leave without saying goodbye. D. I left without saying goodbye as I didn’t want to disturb the meeting. 13. Dạng 13: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “ wish/ if only” Đề thi THPTQG 2016. Question 1: He now regrets that he didn’t take the doctor’s advice. =>He now wishes _______________________________________ A. He now wishes he took the doctor’s advice. 56

B. He now wishes he had taken the doctor’s advice. C. He now wishes he hadn’t taken the doctor’s advice. D. He now wishes he have taken the doctor’s advice. Đề thi tuyển sinh ĐH 2013. Question 2: I wish I hadn’t accepted the invitation to her birthday party. A. I insisted on having been invited to her birthday party. B. I was very glad to accept the invitation to her birthday party. C. I regret accepting the invitation to her birthday party. D. If only I had come to her birthday party. Đề thi thử THPTQG Sở GD& ĐT Vĩnh Phúc Question 3: You talk more than you work. => The teacher wishes that __________. A. you work more than you talk B. you worked more than you talked C. you worked more than you talk D. you had worked more than you had talked Question 4: Susan regretted not buying that villa. A. Susan wished she had bought that villa. B. Susan wished she bought that villa. C. Susan wished she could buy that villa. D. Susan wished she hadn’t bought that villa. Question 5: It’s a pity that you didn’t tell us about this. A. I wish you told us about this. B. I wish you would tell us about this. C. I wish you had told us about this. D. I wish you have told us about this. Question 6: I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness. A. I wish he will get over his illness. B. I wish he would get over his illness. C. I wish he got over his illness. D. I wish he had got over his illness. Question 7: Peter regretted buying the secondhand computer. A. Peter didn’t want to buy the secondhand computer. B. Peter wished he didn’t buy the secondhand computer. C. Peter wished he hadn’t bought the secondhand computer. D. Peter was glad to buy the secondhand computer. Question 8: I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth. A. I wish you didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth. B. I wish you gave me a chance to tell you the truth. 57

C. I wish you had given me a chance to tell you the truth. D. I wish you hadn’t given me a chance to tell you the truth. Question 9: It is a pity that I can’t speak English as native speaker. A. I wish I can speak English as a native speaker. B. I wish I could speak English as a native speaker. C. I wish I have spoken English as a native speaker. D. I wish I couldn’t speak English as a native speaker. Question 10:I wish I hadn’t accepted the invitation to her birthday party. A. I insisted on having been invited to her birthday party. B. I was very glad to accept the invitation to her birthday party. C. I regret accepting the invitation to her birthday party. D. If only I had come to her birthday party. 14. Dạng 14: Cấu trúc viết lại câu sử dụng “relative clauses” Question 1: Soil erosion is a result of forests being cut down carelessly. A. That forests are being cut down carelessly results from soil erosion. B. Soil erosion contributes to forests being cut down carelessly. C. That forests are being cut down carelessly leads to soil erosion. D. Soil erosion results in forests being cut down carelessly. Question 2: He works in the same office with two women. They are very beautiful and tactful. A. The two women’s beauty and tact explain why he wants to work at their office. B. He works in the same office with two women who are very beautiful and tactful. C. The offices where he and the two very beautiful and tactful women work are the same. D. Working in the same office with the two beautiful women makes him very tactful. Question 3: Our foods contain thousands of different chemicals. However, only a few of them are absolutely essential to our health. A. To stay healthy with only a few essential chemicals, we have to eat the foods that contain thousands of different chemicals. B. Containing thousands of different chemicals, foods are absolutely essential to our health. C. We stay healthy absolutely thanks to eating foods with thousands of different essential chemicals. D. Our foods contain thousands of different chemicals, only a few of which are absolutely essential to our health. Question 4: They are my two sisters. They aren’t teachers like me. A. They are my two sisters, neither of whom are teachers like me. B. Like me, neither of my two sisters aren’t teachers. C. They are my two sisters both of those are teachers like me. 58

D. They are my two sisters who neither are teachers like me. Question 5: The agreement ended six-month negotiation. It was signed yesterday. A. The agreement which was signed yesterday ended six-month negotiation. B. The agreement which was signed yesterday lasted six months. C. The negotiation which lasted six months was signed yesterday. D. The agreement which ends six-month negotiation was signed yesterday. Question 6: He behaved in a very strange way. That surprised me a lot. A. I was almost not surprised by his strange behavior. B. His behavior was a very strange thing, that surprised me a lot. C. What almost surprised me was the strange way he behaved. D. He behaved very strangely, which surprised me very much. Question 7: John Smith is a farmer. I bought his land. A. John Smith, who is a farmer, bought his land. B. John Smith, whom I bought his land, is a farmer. C. John Smith, who is a farmer, whose land I bought. D. John Smith, whose land I bought, is a farmer. Question 8: The boy is called Duncan. He sits next to me in class. A. The boy whose is called Duncan sits next to me in class. B. The boy who sits next to me in class is called Duncan. C. The boy whom sits next to me in class is called Duncan. D. The boy to whom he sits next is called Duncan. Question 9: Hartford is the capital of Connecticut. It is the second largest city in the state. A.The capital of Connecticut, Hartford which is the second largest city in the state. B. Hartford, the capital of Connecticut, is the second largest city in the state. C. Hartford, the second largest city in the state, which is the capital of Connecticut. D. Hartford, the capital of Connecticut, that is the second largest city in the state. Question 10:Anna jogs every morning. It is very good for her health. A. Anna jogs every morning that is very good for her health. B. Anna jogs every morning, which is very good for her health. C. Anna jogs every morning and then it is good for her health. D. Anna jogs every morning and is good for her health. Question 11: John Montague was an English Earl. He invented the sandwich. A. John Montague, that invented the sandwich, was an English Earl. B. John Montague, who invented the sandwich, was an English Earl. C. John Montague, whose invented the sandwich, was an English Earl. D. John Montague, invented the sandwich, was an English Earl. Question 12: Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world. It's in the Himalayas.

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A. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world, it's in the Himalayas. B. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world, in the Himalayas. C. Mt. Everest, the highest mountain in the world, is in the Himalayas. D. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world, is in the Himalayas. Question 13: Farmers depend on meteorologists. They need meteorologists’ accurate forecasts for successful agricultural planning. A. Due to meteorologists’ accurate forecasts, farmers depend on them for successful agricultural planning. B. Farmers depend on meteorologists who need their accurate forecasts for successful agricultural planning. C. Farmers need meteorologists’ accurate forecasts for successful agricultural planning and so they depend on you. D. Farmers depend on meteorologists, whose accurate forecasts they need for successful agricultural planning. Question 14: The sun provides us with heat and light. It is one of millions of stars in the universe. A. The sun provides us with heat and light, which is one of millions of stars in the universe B. The sun which is one of millions of stars in the universe provides us with heat and light. C. As it provides us with heat and light, the sun is one of millions of stars in the universe. D. The sun, which is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light. 15. Dạng 15: Tổng hợp các cấu trúc từ vựng hay gặp trong kỹ năng viết nối câu và chuyển câu Đề thi Tuyển sinh ĐH 2010 Question 1: There’s no point in persuading Jane to change her mind. A. No one wants Jane to change her mind because it’s pointless. B. It’s possible for us to persuade Jane to change her mind. C. Jane will change her mind though she doesn’t want to. D. It’s useless to persuade Jane to change her mind. Question 2: We didn’t want to spend a lot of money. We stayed in a cheap hotel. A. In stead of spending a lot of money, we stayed in a cheap hotel. B. In spite of spending a lot of money, we stayed in a cheap hotel C. We stayed in a cheap hotel, but we had to spend a lot of money. D. We didn’t want to spend a lot of money. We stayed in the cheap hotel. Question 3: We didn‘t want to spend a lot of money. We stayed in a cheap hotel. A. Rather than spending a lot of money, we stayed in a cheap hotel. B. In spite of spending a lot of money, we stayed in a cheap hotel. C. We stayed in a cheap hotel, but we had to spend a lot of money. 60

D. We didn‘t stay in a cheap hotel as we had a lot of money to spend. Question 4. People think that traffic congestion in the downtown area is due to the increasing number of private cars. A. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is blamed for the increasing number of private cars. B. The increasing number of private cars is thought to be responsible for traffic congestion in the downtown area. C. The increasing number of private cars is attributed to traffic congestion in the downtown area. D. Traffic congestion in the downtown area is thought to result in the increasing number of private cars. Question 5. The doctor is well-known for his dedication. A. The doctor is reputed to be a dedicated person. B. The doctor is renowned as his dedication. C. The doctor has a reputation for being dedication. D. The doctor was a well-known person with dedication Question 6: The man wanted to get some fresh air in the room. He opened the window. A. The man wanted to get some fresh air in the room because he opened the window. B. The man got some fresh air in the room, even though he opened the window. C. Having opened the window, the room could get some fresh air. D. The man opened the window in order to get some fresh air in the room. Question 7: Mike wrote the text. He selected the illustration as well. A. If Mike had written the text, he would have selected the illustration. B. In order to select the illustration, Mike had to write the text. C. Mike not only wrote the text but also selected the illustration. D. The text Mike wrote was not as good as the illustration he selected. Question 8: They are not allowed to go out in the evening by their parents. A. Their parents do not want them to go out in the evening. B. Their parents never let them go out in the evening. C. Although their parents do not allow, they still go out in the evening. D. Going out in the evening is permitted by their parents. Question 9:I can’t help feeling worried about Tom. A. I find it impossible not to worry about Tom. B. I don’t worry about Tom. C. I can do nothing to help Tom. D. I cannot help Tom stop worrying. Question 10: Apart from being conveniently located near the beach, that hotel has nothing about it to make me recommend it to you. A. The only feature of that hotel that I can recommend to you is that it’s close to the beach. 61

B. The hotel I’ve recommended to you is very comfortable as it is near the beach. C. The beach near that hotel doesn’t have anything special that I can recommend to you. D. As regards a hotel, nothing is more important for me than its being close to the beach. Question 11: Sports clear my mind. They also help me maintain a healthy lifestyle. A. My mind is cleared so is the maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. B. Not only do sports clear my mind, but they also help me maintain a healthy lifestyle. C. Sports clear my mind so that I can maintain a healthy lifestyle. D. All that sports can do is to clear my mind instead of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Question 12: Except that the rent is not high, the apartment has nothing to recommend it. A. Though the rent cannot be recommended, it probably is the cheapest apartment that can be found. B. The most important thing to consider about a flat is how low the rent is. C. There are no positive points about the flat apart from the fact that it is cheap to rent. D. The apartment was recommended to me because of its low rent. Question 13: The secret to success is hard work. A. Working hard ensures success. B. One must work hard to keep secrets. C. One cannot succeed if he has secrets. D. If you keep your work secret, you will succeed. Question 14: He decided not to go to university and went to work in a restaurant. A. Despite of going to university he went to work in a restaurant. B. Instead of going to university, he went to work in a restaurant. C. He decided to go to work in a restaurant because he liked it. D. He went to work in a restaurant instead of to go to university. Question 15: You ought to make up your mind now. A. It is high time you made up your mind. B. It is possible to make up your mind. C. You should have made up your mind. D. Making up your mind is necessary. Question 16: The film didn’t come up to my expectations. A. I expected the film to end more abruptly. B. The film was as good as I expected. C. I expected the film to be more boring. D. The film fell short of my expectations. Question 17: He talked about nothing except the weather. 62

A. He had nothing to say about the weather. B. He talked about everything including the weather. C. His sole topic of conversation was the weather. D. He said that he had no interest in the weather. Question 18: It doesn’t matter to them which film they go to. A. Whatever films are shown, they never see. B. They don’t mind which film they go to. C. They don’t care about the cost of the films they see. D. Which film they go to matters more than the cost. Question 19: It is English pronunciation that puzzles me most. A. Puzzling me most is how to pronounce English. B. Pronouncing English words is not complicated. C. English pronunciation is difficult for me. D. I was not quick at English pronunciation at school. Question 20: Because they erected a barn, the cattle couldn’t get out into the wheat field. A. They erected a barn, and as a result, the cattle couldn’t get out into the wheat field. B. In order not to keep the cattle away from the wheat field, they erected a barn. C. They erected a barn so that the cattle would get into the wheat field. D. They erected a barn in case the cattle couldn’t get out into the wheat field. Question 21: They couldn’t climb up the mountain because of the storm. A. The storm made them impossible to climb up the mountain. B. The storm discouraged them from climbing up the mountain. C. Their climbing up the mountain was unable due to the storm. D. The storm made it not capable of climbing up the mountain. Question 22: Only with careful environmental planning can we protect the world in which we live. A. Careful environmental planning protects the world we live in. B. Planning the environment carefully, we can protect the world in which we live. C. Protecting the world we live in, we plan the environment carefully. D. We can protect the world we live in only with careful environmental planning. Question 23: You should take regular exercises instead of sitting in front of the television all day. A. Taking regular exercises is better than sitting in front of the television all day. B. Sitting in front of the television all day helps you take regular exercises. C. Sitting in front of the television all day and taking exercises are advisable.

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D. Don’t take regular exercises, just sit in front of the television all day. Question 24: They left their home early. They didn’t want to miss the first train. A. They left their home early so as to not miss the first train. B. They left their home early for fear that they wouldn’t miss the first train. C. They left their home early so as not to miss the first train. D. They left their home early in order that not to miss the first train. PHẦN 3: KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU I. KẾT QUẢ CỦA NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ ỨNG DỤNG CỦA CHUYÊN ĐỀ + Về nội dung: Đề tài đã tập trung nghiên cứu và thực hiện gắn với một trong những yêu cầu đổi mới nội dung, phương pháp giảng dạy bộ môn và phương pháp kiểm tra đánh giá. Những đổi mới này phù hợp với yêu cầu đổi mới của ngành và đáp ứng được yêu cầu của thực tế là học để thực hành và học để thi. + Về ý nghĩa: Đề tài được thực hiện tạo nên một hướng mới trong công tác giảng dạy ngoại ngữ nói chung và trong việc dạy kỹ năng viết câu nói riêng. Đó là các nguyên tắc trong dạy và học ngoại ngữ: học phải gắn liền với thực hành, học là phải luyện tập thường xuyên. + Về hiệu quả: Quá trình thực hiện chuyên đề cho thấy đề tài khá cập nhật với mong muốn của học sinh. Chuyên đề là một phần khái quát về những kiến thức mà học sinh thiếu, lại không dễ dàng tổng hợp được. Đề tài này có thể áp dụng với nhiều đối tượng học sinh khác nhau và ở những trường khác nhau. => Kết luận: Học sinh có kỹ năng tốt hơn trong kỹ năng viết trong cuộc sống sinh hoạt và giao tiếp hàng ngày. Đối với bài thi Ngoại ngữ trong kỳ thi THPTQG học sinh đạt hiệu quả cao, đạt điểm tối đa trong việc giải quyết phần thi kỹ năng viết câu, các em tham gia thi khối D đạt hiệu quả cao, thậm chí tối đa trong phần thi này.

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