PCOS And Gut Health / Hydration / Berberine: Blood Sugar Regulation / Parabens / Elastin - the Secret of Skin Elasticity / HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2024: Consumer Supplement Survey / Omega-3 Supplements: Trends, Benefits & Top Brands 2025 / Comprehensive Global Gelatin Survey
Welcome to the July/August edition of B2B Nutramedic&Cosmetics.
Here we explore the connection between PCOS and gut health, and examine hydration not just as water intake, but through personalised diets, supplements, and foods for special medical purposes.
Berberine is in the spotlight this edition, with its growing role in blood sugar management, and a closer look at parabens - perhaps the most contentious preservatives in the history of cosmetics. From elastin as a basis of skin elasticity to the synergistic sun-protective effects of rosemary and grapefruit extracts, we keep bringing you the science behind beauty and wellness.
We also explore the omega-3 market, the comprehensive global gelatin survey, and underscore sustainability efforts with GOED's new portal. New clinical studies on FloraGLO® Lutein in adolescents and ITC's consumer supplement research provide a glimpse into future consumer trends.
Finally, but not least, we are thrilled about the record-breaking success of Vitafoods Europe 2025 in Barcelona, where innovation was indeed centre stage - where we were pleased once again to confirm our status as an official media partner. We look forward to bringing you more from this dynamic field. Thank you for your continued trust and readership.
Daria Šurić, MPharm, univ.spec.pharm.
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
B2B Nutramedic&Cosmetics Magazine
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PCOS And Gut Health
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Hydration Through Diet, Supplements and Food for Special Medicinal Purposes
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Berberine in Food Supplements: Blood Sugar Regulation
18 Fine Foods @ Vitafoods Europe 2025: A New Identity and Innovation
19 B2B Events Calendar 2025/2026
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Parabens – Possibly the Most Controversial Preservatives in the Cosmetics Industry
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Elastin - the Secret of Skin Elasticity
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The publisher does not assume responsibility for the opinions and data that the authors present in the magazine, as well as for the data and materials provided by companies for publication in texts and advertisements. It is not allowed to reuse any part of the content without the prior consent of the publisher.
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HIGHLIGHTS FROM 2024: Consumer Supplement Survey
Emerging research highlights a strong link between gut microbiota and the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Dysbiosis in the gut may contribute to metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory imbalances commonly seen in PCOS patients. Understanding this connection opens new avenues for targeted therapies, including dietary strategies, probiotics, and microbiota-based interventions.
AUTHOR: Sara Kralj, MSc, Master in Nutrition
The gut microbiota, a constituent part of the human microbiome, plays a key role in regulating digestion, immunity, and metabolic balance1-4. Disruption of microbiota balance (dysbiosis) has been linked to chronic diseases, and increasing evidence suggests it is also involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS5. In patients with PCOS, reduced microbial diversity, altered microbiota composition, and lower levels of beneficial metabolites are frequently observed, which may exacerbate inflammation, insulin resistance, and hormonal imbalance6-10 Given that disturbances in gonadotropin secretion, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysregulation are key mechanisms of PCOS, the microbiome is gaining recognition as a potential therapeutic target11
microbiome in women with PCOS
Current research indicates significant differences in the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiome between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy controls. These differences are primarily evident in certain aspects of microbial diversity, the presence of specific bacterial genera, and functional patterns of microbial metabolism12
• Reduced diversity
Numerous studies have shown that women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit significantly reduced microbial alpha diversity compared to healthy control groups7,13-15. For example, Torres et al found that alpha diversity of the gut microbiome in women with PCOS was significantly reduced, and this reduction negatively correlated with hyperandrogenemia, total testosterone concentrations, and the presence of hirsutism. Similar findings were reported by Insenser et al., who, in addition to the general decrease in diversity, noted specific changes in the composition of the gut microbiome in women with PCOS, including an increased presence of the bacterial groups Actinobacteriaand Candidatus . Such a reduction in microbial diversity suggests decreased stability and resilience of the gut microecological community, thereby increasing the host's vulnerability to external factors and further disrupting the existing metabolic and immune balance6,17
• Bacteroidetes / Firmicutes ratio
The two predominant bacterial phyla in the human gut microbiome, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes , play a key role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis,
and disturbances in their relative abundance have frequently been associated with various metabolic disorders18,19. Lindheim et al. analyzed fecal samples from 24 women diagnosed with PCOS, divided into obese and non-obese groups, and compared them with samples from 19 healthy controls. The results showed that women with PCOS had a significantly increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes , while the proportion of Firmicutes was decreased, resulting in a more pronounced imbalance between these two dominant bacterial groups20. In line with this, Liu et al. reached similar conclusions in a study involving 33 PCOS patients and 15 healthy controls. An excessive abundance of Bacteroidetes may be interpreted as an indicator of gut dysbiosis in the PCOS population, and such microbial imbalance could potentially contribute to the development of metabolic disorders and impairment of the host’s immune function21.
• Abundance of specific bacteria
Studies have indicated significant changes in the abundance of certain bacterial genera in the gut microbiome of women with PCOS compared to healthy individuals22,23. In the study by Qi et al. , metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples from 50 PCOS patients and 43 healthy controls revealed a significant decrease in beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia and Bifidobacteriumin the PCOS group3. At the same time, an increase in Desulfovibrio bacteria, known to be associated with metabolic dysfunction and proinflammatory processes, was observed. Insenser et al. additionally reported a reduction in the abundance of the genus Prevotella among women with PCOS. These changes in microbiota composition suggest a loss of beneficial microorganisms and an increase in potentially harmful bacterial populations, thereby disrupting gut microbial balance and potentially exacerbating the metabolic and immune aspects of PCOS17
The Firmicutes phylum includes numerous bacterial genera such as Lactobacillus, Clostridium, and Ruminococcus , and is considered one of the key components of the gut microbiome24. In addition to the overall reduction in the abundance of this phylum in women with PCOS, alterations in its intragroup structure have also been observed. For instance, Liu et al. reported an increased abundance of the genera Ruminococcus and Coprococcus within the Firmicutesphylum in PCOS patients. This finding stands in stark contrast to the microbial structure observed in healthy controls, suggesting that disturbances in specific bacterial populations may be associated with the metabolic imbalance characteristic of PCOS.
According to the authors, the increased presence of these genera may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the syndrome, acting through modulation of short-chain fatty acid metabolism and activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways21 The data from Liu’s team are supported by the findings of Zeng et al. , who also identified elevated levels of Ruminococcus and Coprococcus in women with PCOS. Such proliferation of specific bacterial
groups further confirms the disrupted internal balance within the Firmicutes phylum and reflects a distinct pattern of metabolic dysregulation in the microbiota of individuals with this syndrome25
An increasing body of evidence suggests that women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit an altered metabolic profile of the gut microbiota26. In this context, Zeng et al. reported significantly lower concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate, in stool samples from women with PCOS compared to healthy controls25. Furthermore, Qi et al. applied a combined metagenomic and metabolomic approach, observing an enrichment of gene sequences involved in amino acid metabolism within the microbiota of PCOS patients, along with elevated plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)6. Given that metabolic complications such as obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia are common in this population, it is not surprising that several studies have confirmed a positive correlation between circulating BCAA levels and markers of metabolic syndrome, including body weight, body mass index (BMI), and the degree of insulin resistance27,28. These changes in metabolites further illustrate impaired functional activity of the gut microbiota and may play a role in the development and progression of PCOS.
Metabolic homeostasis in patients with PCOS is influenced by gut microbiota dysbiosis. Various mechanisms may potentially contribute to the development of metabolic conditions such as insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism disorders12
• Glucose metabolism
In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an increased ratio of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes is frequently reported. This imbalance is often associated with the onset of obesity and the development of insulin resistance29. Within the Bacteroidetes phylum, certain genera such as Prevotella exhibit a pronounced capacity for carbohydrate fermentation, thereby promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which play a key role in regulating the host's energy homeostasis30. However, reduced concentrations of SCFAs have been observed in the gut environment of women with PCOS, potentially diminishing their beneficial metabolic effects.
• Lipid metabolism
Gut microbiota dysbiosis in women with PCOS significantly affects lipid metabolism through various mechanisms31. One such mechanism involves alterations in the composition of the Firmicutes phylum, which may lead to reduced production of shortchain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate. These fatty acids not only represent an important energy source for enterocytes but also participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism via activation of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR43. Activation
of this receptor inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes, thereby reducing the release of free fatty acids, improving insulin sensitivity, and contributing to the maintenance of lipid homeostasis32. Consequently, reduced SCFA levels in the gut may represent one of the factors contributing to lipid metabolism dysfunction in the population of women with PCOS. In addition, a decrease in the abundance of bacterial genera involved in lipid synthesis and processing, such as Prevotella , may further impair the gut's ability to efficiently metabolize dietary fats33
•
Bile acids, synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, play a key role in emulsifying and absorbing dietary lipids34,35. In addition to their digestive function, recent research suggests that bile acids also possess important endocrine functions, including regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. The conversion of primary into secondary bile acids is enabled by enzymes present in the gut microbiota, particularly bile salt hydrolases (BSH). Secondary bile acids are more hydrophobic and exhibit stronger signaling effects compared to their primary counterparts36,37 . Qi et al. demonstrated that in the microbiome of women with PCOS, genes encoding BSH enzymes are more abundant, resulting in increased synthesis of secondary bile acids. This process stimulates the secretion of incretin hormones such as GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells via activation of the TGR5 receptor, which may positively influence insulin secretion and enhance insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues6
The pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly being examined through the lens of complex neuroimmunoendocrine mechanisms that extend beyond the traditional hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, encompassing the gut–brain axis as a key regulatory network38. This bidirectional axis enables continuous communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract and involves neurological, endocrine, immune, and metabolic components39. The vagus nerve plays a central role as the main functional mediator of this axis38
The gut microbiota can influence the central nervous system directly via vagus nerve stimulation and indirectly through the synthesis of neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules such as serotonin, GABA, dopamine, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)40. These signals are transmitted back to the brain, modulating emotional states, energy metabolism, and hormonal balance. In the context of PCOS, women commonly exhibit gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by a dominance of potentially harmful bacteria and a reduction in beneficial genera. This imbalance disrupts gut barrier function (the socalled "leaky gut"), increases systemic inflammation, and exacerbates insulin resistance38.
Through the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway (CAP), the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which suppresses proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL6, thereby reducing inflammation, improving insulin sensitivity, and regulating energy metabolism and fat storage. Additionally, vagus ner-
ve stimulation can enhance the secretion of GLP-1 and PYY, hormones that further support glycemic control and reduce insulin resistance in PCOS patients. The vagus nerve also influences the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis by modulating estrogen and androgen levels, potentially restoring ovulation and improving fertility38 The neurotransmitter component of the gut–brain axis also plays a significant role in the psychological aspects of PCOS, given the frequent occurrence of depression and anxiety. The vagus nerve affects mood by modulating serotonergic and GABAergic pathways, and vagal dysfunction has been shown to exacerbate mood symptoms in this population. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), currently under investigation as a therapeutic method, may enhance vagal activity and consequently modulate neurotransmitters, hormones, and inflammatory mediators, thereby addressing multiple facets of PCOS pathophysiology directly38
Studies conducted on animal models of PCOS have demonstrated that the administration of fecal microbiota from healthy control mice leads to a significant reduction in alpha diversity, alongside a shift in beta diversity towards patterns observed in healthy animals41. These findings are consistent with previous research confirming the capacity of FMT to restore gut eubiosis in letrozole-induced PCOS models. In addition to microbial recovery, a reduction in metabolic disturbances and alleviation of ovarian changes characteristic of the syndrome have been reported42,43
Zhang et al. , using a rat model of PCOS, compared short-term FMT administration (three times a week for two weeks) with conventional approaches including probiotic supplementation, oral contraceptive therapy, and berberine treatment. While results indicated partial improvement in metabolic parameters and microbial diversity regulation, short-term FMT was less effective compared to prolonged probiotic treatments. This suggests that optimal therapeutic effects of FMT may require extended application or integration into combination therapeutic protocols44
Despite its potential benefits, FMT carries certain risks. Even with rigorous donor screening protocols, there remains a possibility of transmitting pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites45. Additionally, the recipient’s immune system may react to the transplanted microbiota, which in some cases could provoke chronic inflammation or exacerbate existing autoimmune conditions46. Furthermore, FMT may alter immune regulation and influence the existing state of lowgrade chronic inflammation, which is characteristic of women with PCOS47
Dietary patterns - particularly the source of protein have a significant impact on the composition of the gut microbiota. Diets rich in animal proteins
have been shown to promote the growth of bacteria such as Bacteroides,Alistipes , and certain Bifidobacterium species, while simultaneously reducing the overall abundance of Bifidobacterium in adolescents. In contrast, increased intake of plant-based proteins is associated with a more favorable microbial profile, including a rise in beneficial genera such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus , a reduction in potentially pathogenic bacteria from genera such as Bacteroides and Clostridium perfringens, and enhanced production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)48,49.
Reducing the intake of animal proteins in combination with increased levels of aerobic physical activity has been shown to effectively lower concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and enhance SCFA production, which may contribute to improved glycemic control and increased insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS12
Although Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera have been shown to partially alleviate clinical manifestations of PCOS and positively affect certain metabolic parameters, their overall effectiveness remains limited in most cases50. In contrast, prebiotic intake has been proven to stimulate the proliferation of bifidobacteria in the colon and to promote the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from colonic L-cells, thereby contributing to improved insulin sensitivity51
Moreover, certain members of the gut microbiota are capable of synthesizing and releasing gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter with additional metabolic functions52. Some strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have demonstrated the ability to produce GABA, providing a theoretical basis for their role in modulating the GABAergic system via the gut-brain axis53-55
Zhang and colleagues found that Bifidobacterium lactis V9 increases the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria (Akkermansia, Butyricimonas, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) by influencing gutbrain mediators, resulting in a reduction of the LH/FSH ratio in women with PCOS. Notably, Akkermansiashowed the ability to restore eubiosis in humans. These findings suggest that probiotics may serve as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of PCOS48
Conclusion
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a disorder marked by pronounced clinical and metabolic heterogeneity. Current research consistently indicates the presence of gut dysbiosis in women with PCOS, characterized by reduced microbial diversity, disruption in the balance of key bacterial groups, and alterations in microbial metabolic activity. These changes are associated with numerous adverse host effects, including lowgrade chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and bile acid signaling dysfunction.
Given these insights, the gut microbiota is increasingly considered a potential biomarker for identifying disease subtypes and predicting therapeutic re-
sponse, thus paving the way for more personalized treatment approaches. Interventions aimed at modulating gut microbiota composition - such as the use of probiotics and prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and dietary modification show promising therapeutic potential for alleviating metabolic disturbances and clinical symptoms of PCOS. Nevertheless, despite the growing body of evidence, our understanding of the interactions between the microbiota and PCOS remains limited. Further research - methodologically standardized and longitudinal in design - is needed to clarify causal relationships and to develop more targeted microbiota-based therapeutic strategies.
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Centar Mikrobiom d.o.o. Sky Office, Toranj B R. F. Mihanovića 9, Zagreb, Croatia Mob.: + 385 98 13 73 344 Tel.: + 385 1 78 99 694 https://www.ccm.hr/ biota-astrocyte axis: Implications for type 2 diabetic cognitive dysfunction. CNS Neurosci. Ther.
From everyday nutrition to clinical solutions: exploring how diet, food supplements, and foods for special medical purposes contribute to optimal hydration, enhance bioavailability, support physical performance, and address the complex challenges of fluid balance across diverse populations.
Hydration is a foundational pillar of health, influencing everything from cognitive function and skin elasticity to cardiovascular efficiency and detoxification. However, optimal hydration remains a clinical and nutritional challenge across populations. While fluid intake is the most obvious strategy, the reality is considerably more nuanced. Achieving and maintaining hydration status should be approached holistically: through dietary adjustments, functional supplements, and targeted medi-
cal nutrition solutions.
This broader understanding opens opportunities not only for healthcare professionals and pharmacists, but also for product developers, wellness brands, and nutraceutical marketers to offer solutions that are evidence-based, consumer-friendly, and clinically relevant.
Maintaining adequate hydration is critical for overall health, impacting various physiological functions ranging from cognitive performance to kidney
function1. Many individuals, particularly older adults and those with chronic diseases, often struggle to maintain sufficient hydration levels (Figure 1), leading to adverse health outcomes and increased healthcare burdens2
Hydration is essential for life, as water constitutes a significant proportion of the human body and participates in numerous biochemical reactions3. Dehydration can impair cognitive functions such as concentration, alertness, and short-term memory, underscoring the importance of maintaining optimal hydration levels for day-to-day health4
Dehydration is common in the aged population, with an estimated prevalence of 20–30 %. Achieving and maintaining optimal hydration can be approached through various strategies, including dietary modifications, food supplements, and specialized medical foods designed for specific health conditions.
Addressing hydration through diet involves selecting foods with high water content, such as fruits and vegetables4. Fresh food and vegetables like cucumbers, watermelons, spinach, and strawberries not only contribute to overall fluid intake (water content exceeding 90%) but also provide essential electrolytes and nutrients that support hydration and overall health. These foods can be incorporated into daily meals and snacks to increase water intake without relying solely on beverages5
Nutrition plays a critical role in maintaining water balance within the body. While the average recommendation is to drink 1.5 to 2.5 liters of water per day,
hydration from food sources accounts for up to 20–30% of daily fluid intake, depending on dietary habits. Furthermore, diets rich in plantbased fibers aid in water retention in the colon, supporting both digestion and systemic hydration.
Minerals such as potassium and magnesium (found in avocados, spinach, nuts, and legumes) are essential for intracellular hydration, counterbalancing sodium-driven water retention and preventing cramping or fatigue.
It’s important to recognize dietary patterns that may compromise hydration. Excess sodium intake, high consumption of processed foods, caffeine overuse, and alcohol intake all promote diuresis and fluid loss.
Therefore, public health messaging should emphasize a shift toward wholefood, antiinflammatory eating patterns that naturally support fluid balance.
Food supplements play an increasingly significant role in supporting hydration, particularly in high-demand scenarios such as intense physical activity, aging, stress, and recovery from illness. These products go beyond just replacing fluids they restore electrolyte balance, reduce oxidative stress, and optimize cellular water retention. They can be crucial in maintaining hydration, particularly for individuals with specific needs or limitations.
Electrolyte supplements, for instance, can help replenish minerals lost through sweat or urine, which is especially important for athletes or individuals engaged in strenuous physical activity. Furthermore, supplements containing specific amino acids or herbal extracts may indirectly support hydration by improving fluid retention or reducing fluid loss6
It's crucial to acknowledge that no single method can serve as a criterion measure to assess hydration status in all settings7. Also, the total body water can be determined using the deuterium (D2O) or tritium (3H2O) dilution method, which involves the administration of a known dose of stable isotope (deuterium) or radioactive isotope and determination of its dilution space after equilibrium has been reached8
Food for special medical purposes represents a category of products specifically formulated to meet the nutritional requirements of individuals with particular medical conditions. These products can be designed to address dehydration in several ways, such as providing easily absorbable fluids and electrolytes, supporting kidney function, or managing fluid balance in individuals with heart failure or liver disease9.
These specialized foods must be used under medical supervision and are intended to complement or replace conventional foods in individuals with limited capacity to ingest, digest, absorb, or metabolize ordinary foods or certain nutrients.
In exercise, maintaining adequate hydration is essential for optimising performance and preventing hypohydration, which can impair aerobic performance and cognitive function10,11.
Individualised fluidreplacement strategies are crucial for physically active individuals to promote both performance and safety12. Athletes need to be educated regarding the benefits of fluid replacement to encourage performance and safety and the potential risks of both hypohydration and hyperhydration on health and physical performance12. It has
been found out that younger or recreational athletes are more likely to receive generalized nutritional information of poorer quality from individuals such as coaches13
Hypohydration can impair aerobic performance and deteriorate cognitive function during exercise. To minimize hypohydration, athletes are recommended to commence exercise at least euhydrated, ingest fluids containing sodium during longduration and/or high-intensity exercise to prevent body mass loss over 2%.
It is important to rapidly restore and retain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis before a second exercise session. To achieve these goals, the compositions of the fluids consumed are key; however, it remains unclear what can be considered an optimal formulation for a hydration beverage in different settings.
While carbohydrate–electrolyte solutions (Figure 2.), such as sports drinks, have been extensively explored as a source of carbohydrates to meet fuel demands during intense and long-duration exercise, these formulas might not be ideal in situations where fluid and electrolyte balance is impaired, such as practising exercise in the heat.
Alternately, hypotonic compositions consisting of moderate to high levels of electrolytes (i.e., ≥45 mmol/L), mainly sodium, combined with low amounts of carbohydrates (i.e., <6%) might be useful to accelerate intestinal water absorption, maintain plasma volume and osmolality during exercise, and improve fluid retention during recovery11
Furthermore, practical limitations to fluid availability during training and competition can significantly impede an athlete’s capacity to adequately
replace fluid losses14
The bioavailability of hydration products, including food supplements and foods for special medical purposes, is a critical factor determining their effectiveness. Factors such as the product’s formulation, the presence of other nutrients, and individual physiological characteristics can all influence how well the body absorbs and utilises the fluids and electrolytes provided by these products. To ensure optimal bioavailability, hydration products should be formulated with consideration for factors such as osmolality, electrolyte composition, and the presence of absorption enhancers.
Adding carbohydrates to a fluid replacement solution can enhance intestinal absorption of water15 However, athletes should balance carbohydrate intake with fluid intake plans because foods and highly concentrated carbohydrate solutions have been shown to reduce fluid absorption16. It is critical to educate athletes and trainers on the importance of personalized hydration strategies and the appropriate use of food supplements and special medical foods to maintain optimal hydration, especially during intense physical activity12,14,15.
Further research is needed to optimize the formulation and use of these products to maximize their effectiveness in different populations and clinical settings.
Advancements in food technology offer innovative approaches to enhance the bioavailability of hydration products. Encapsulation techniques, such as liposomes or hydrogels, can protect electrolytes and other nutrients from degradation in the digestive
tract, improving their absorption.
Additionally, nanotechnology can be used to create nano-sized particles of electrolytes that are more easily absorbed by the body. The use of permeation enhancers can also improve the absorption of fluids and electrolytes across the intestinal barrier. These technological advancements hold promise for developing more effective hydration products that can better meet the needs of individuals with specific medical conditions or those engaged in strenuous physical activity.
Nanoencapsulation of bioactives using biocompatible and biodegradable carbohydrates can improve delivery system design17. Nanoencapsulation can help increase water solubility/dispersibility in foods and beverages, improve bioavailability, mask undesired flavours/tastes, enhance shelflife and compatibility during production, storage, transportation and utilisation of food products, and control release rate or specific delivery environment for better performance on their functionalities18
Furthermore, nanotechnology contributes significantly to food manufacturing, packaging, safety, quality, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. Nanoencapsulation protects nutraceuticals from extreme conditions like low gastric pH and optimises their release during digestion, as well as increases the solubility of functional constituents19,20. Nanotechnology (Figure 3.) improves the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of nutrients21
The application of nano-based delivery systems could open new paths for applications and significant advances in food, benefiting human nutrition21,22
The European hydration supplements market is projected to exhibit substantial growth in the coming years, driven by increasing awareness of the im-
portance of hydration for health and performance. The food industry has been witnessing a rise in the application of micro- and nano-based delivery systems22. The market is also fueled by the growing popularity of sports and fitness activities, as well as the increasing prevalence of dehydration-related medical conditions.
The increasing consumer demand for healthier, natural, and organic food products is also driving innovation in the hydration supplements market, with manufacturers increasingly focusing on developing products that meet these preferences. Hydration supplements containing natural ingredients and free from artificial additives are gaining popularity among health-conscious consumers.
Personalised nutrition products, formulated based on individual genetics, epigenetics, metabolism, microbiome, phenotype, lifestyle, age, gender, and health status, are gaining traction and presenting opportunities and challenges in creating customised functional food and beverage products with tailored combinations of bioactive compounds23 The food industry has been witnessing a rise in the application of micro- and nano-based delivery systems24.
Optimal hydration is critical to overall health, physical performance, and the regulation of numerous clinical conditions. While water consumption remains the priority for hydration, food-based supplements and medical speciality foods can play an important role in addressing personal hydration needs and enhancing fluid and electrolyte balance. Individualised management of hydration, tailored to the needs and situations of each individual, is required to optimise hydration benefits.
By adding food supplements and special medical foods to balanced hydration regimens, individuals and health care workers can effectively manage dehydration, improve physical function, and improve overall health.
References:
1 Liska D, Mah E, Brisbois T, Barrios PL, Baker LB, Spriet LL. Narrative Review of Hydration and Selected Health Outcomes in the General Population. Nutrients. 2019; 11(1):70. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010070
2 Li S, Xiao X, Zhang X. Hydration Status in Older Adults: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges. Nutrients. 2023; 15(11):2609. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112609
3 Li S, Xiao X, Zhang X. Hydration Status in Older Adults: Current Knowledge and Future Challenges. Nutrients. 2023; 15(11):2609. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112609
4 Patrick Ritz, Gilles Berrut, The Importance of Good Hydration for Day-to-Day Health, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 63, Issue suppl_1, June 2005, Pages S6–S13, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00155.x
5 Barry M Popkin, Kristen E D'Anci, Irwin H Rosenberg, Water, hydration, and health, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 68, Issue 8, 1 August 2010,Pages439–458,https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00304.x
6 Bender, Brian F., Nick J. Johnson, Jasmine A. Berry, Kelvin M. Frazier, and Michael B. Bender. 2022. “Automated Urinal-Based Specific Gravity Measurement Device for RealTime Hydration Monitoring in Male Athletes.” Frontiers in Sports and Active Living 4:921418. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.921418.
7 Belval, Luke N., Yuri Hosokawa, Douglas J. Casa, William M. Adams, Lawrence E. Armstrong, Lindsay B. Baker, Louise Burke, Samuel Cheuvront, George Chiampas, José González-Alonso, and et al. 2019. "Practical Hydration Solutions for Sports" Nutrients 11, no. 7:
1550. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071550
8 Lawrence E. Armstrong, Hydration Assessment Techniques, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 63, Issue suppl_1, June 2005, Pages S40–S54, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00153.x
9 Cohen, Rachel, Geoff Fernie, and Atena Roshan Fekr. 2021. "Fluid Intake Monitoring Systems for the Elderly: A Review of the Literature" Nutrients 13, no. 6: 2092. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062092
10 Aoi, W., Naito, Y. & Yoshikawa, T. Exercise and functional foods. Nutr J 5, 15 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-5-15
11 Pérez-Castillo, Íñigo M., Jennifer A. Williams, José López-Chicharro, Niko Mihic, Ricardo Rueda, Hakim Bouzamondo, and Craig A. Horswill. 2024. "Compositional Aspects of Beverages Designed to Promote Hydration Before, During, and After Exercise: Concepts Revisited" Nutrients 16, no. 1: 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010017
12 McDermott, Brendon P., Scott A. Anderson, Lawrence E. Armstrong, Douglas J. Casa, Samuel N. Cheuvront, Larry Cooper, W. Larry Kenney, Francis G. O'Connor, and William O. Roberts. 2017. “National Athletic Trainers’ Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for the Physically Active.” Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 9 (September): 877–895. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.9.02.
13 Beck, Kathryn L., Jasmine S. Thomson, Richard J. Swift, and Pamela R. von Hurst. 2015. “Role of Nutrition in Performance Enhancement and Postexercise Recovery.” Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 6 (August): 259–67. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S33605.
14 Belval, Luke N., Yuri Hosokawa, Douglas J. Casa, William M. Adams, Lawrence E. Armstrong, Lindsay B. Baker, Louise Burke, Samuel Cheuvront, George Chiampas, José González-Alonso, and et al. 2019. "Practical Hydration Solutions for Sports" Nutrients 11, no. 7: 1550. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071550
15 Convertino, Victor A. Ph.D., FACSM, (Chair); Armstrong, Lawrence E. Ph.D., FACSM; Coyle, Edward F. Ph.D., FACSM; Mack, Gary W. Ph.D; Sawka, Michael N. Ph.D., FACSM; Senay, Leo C. Jr. Ph.D., FACSM; Sherman, W. Michael Ph.D., FACSM. ACSM Position Stand: Exercise and Fluid Replacement. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 28(10):p i-ix, October 1996.
16 Jeukendrup, A. A Step Towards Personalized Sports Nutrition: Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise. Sports Med 44 (Suppl 1), 25–33 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0148-z
17 Fathi, Milad, Ángel Martín, and David Julian McClements. 2014. “Nanoencapsulation of Food Ingredients Using Carbohydrate Based Delivery Systems.” Trends in Food Science & Technology 39 (September): 18–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2014.06.007
18 Zhu, Jieyu, and Qingrong Huang. 2019. “Chapter Four: Nanoencapsulation of Functional Food Ingredients.” In Food Applications of Nanotechnology, edited by Loong-Tak Lim and Michael Rogers, 129–165. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, vol. 88. Academic Press Inc. Published online April 9, 2019; Version of Record May 28, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.03.005.
19 Nallamuthu, Ilaiyaraja, Farhath Khanum, Syeda Juveriya Fathima, Mahantesh Mallikarjun Patil, and Tamatam Anand. 2017. “Enhanced Nutrient Delivery through Nanoencapsulation Techniques: The Current Trend in Food Industry.” In Nutrient Delivery, 619–51. London: Academic Press.
20 Pateiro, Mirian, Belén Gómez, Paulo E. S. Munekata, Francisco J. Barba, Predrag Putnik, Danijela Bursać Kovačević, and José M. Lorenzo. 2021. "Nanoencapsulation of Promising Bioactive Compounds to Improve Their Absorption, Stability, Functionality and the Appearance of the Final Food Products" Molecules 26, no. 6: 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061547
21 Kailasapathy, Kasipathy. 2009. “Encapsulation Technologies for Functional Foods and Nutraceutical Product Development.” CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources 4, no. 033 (July): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR20094033.
22 Altemimi, Ammar B., Halgord Ali M. Farag, Tablo H. Salih, Farhang H. Awlqadr, Alaa Jabbar Abd Al-Manhel, Italo Rennan Sousa Vieira, and Carlos Adam Conte-Junior. 2024. "Application of Nanoparticles in Human Nutrition: A Review" Nutrients 16, no. 5: 636. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050636
23 Fernández-Lázaro, Diego, and Jesús Seco-Calvo. 2023. "Nutrition, Nutritional Status and Functionality" Nutrients 15, no. 8: 1944. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081944
24 McClements, D. J. (2020). Nano-enabled personalized nutrition: Developing multicomponent-bioactive colloidal delivery systems. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 282, Article 102211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2020.102211
Berberine, a natural plant alkaloid commonly used in food supplements, has shown significant potential in regulating blood sugar levels by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing glucose production in the liver.
AUTHOR:
Valerija Pandža, MPharm
Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, plant metabolite derived from various plant species such as Berberis aristata, Coptis chinensis, and Hydrastis canadensis1, has garnered considerable attention for its diverse pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. Plants containing berberine have a rich history of traditional use in various cultures worldwide, addressing a wide spectrum of ailments including inflammatory disorders, skin conditions, wound healing, fever reduction, eye afflictions, tumour treatment, digestive and respiratory diseases, and microbial infections2. The compound is now frequently found in food supplements aimed at improving metabolic health, primarily by regulating blood sugar levels3. Its multifaceted mechanisms of action have been investigated extensively, revealing its impact on glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, and inflammatory pathways2. This positions berberine as a promising natural agent for managing metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes.
Berberine's efficacy in blood sugar regulation is attributed to its ability to modulate several key molecular pathways4 (Figure 1).
It has been shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase, a crucial cellular energy sensor that plays a pivotal role in glucose and lipid metabolism. By activating AMPK, berberine stimulates glucose uptake in cells, enhances insulin sensitivity, and promotes fatty acid oxidation, which contributes to improved glycemic control.
Moreover, berberine influences glucose metabolism by inhibiting gluconeogenesis, the process by which glucose is produced in the liver. This inhibitory effect reduces hepatic glucose output, thereby lowering fasting blood glucose levels. Berberine's impact extends to the gut microbiome, where it can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota7. This modulation can lead to increased production of short-chain fatty acids, which have beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
(a) BBR could inhibit oxidative stress through AMPK activation that leads to a downregulation of NADPH oxidase expression and an upregulation of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GSHpx. (b) BBR administration could decrease glycemia through the increase of insulin receptor expression and the AMPK-modulated Glut-4 translocation. (c) BBR could decrease circulating LDL by inhibiting NF-κB modulated LOX-1 expression in endothelial cells and inducing LDLR expression in hepatic cells. (d) BBR could inhibit the expression of MAO, leading to an upregulation of the mood-stabilizers neurotransmitters norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine4
Furthermore, berberine has demonstrated antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may contribute to its beneficial effects on blood sugar regulation. In diabetes, the global prevalence is staggering, affecting hundreds of millions of individuals5
Clinical trials have provided substantial evidence supporting berberine's effectiveness in managing blood sugar levels. Studies have shown that berberine can effectively lower fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in people with type 2 diabetes. In some cases, berberine's glucoselowering effects are comparable to those of common prescribed oral antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin6
Berberine has become a potential natural alternative or adjunct therapy for individuals aiming to manage their blood sugar levels effectively, especially for those who may experience adverse effects from conventional medications.
While berberine shows potential as a natural supplement for blood sugar regulation, it is important to consider certain factors to ensure its safe and effective use. The bioavailability of berberine is relatively low, meaning only a small portion of the ingested dose is absorbed into the bloodstream3
To improve bioavailability, berberine is often combined with absorption enhancers or formulated with modifiedrelease technologies. Additionally, berberine can interact with certain medications, potentially impacting their efficacy or increasing the risk of
side effects. Therefore, individuals taking prescription drugs should consult their healthcare provider before using berberine supplements.
The combination of polyphenols with drugs like metformin could potentially improve the treatment efficacy and reduce side effects by allowing lower dosages, but more studies are needed. Polyphenols also have antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties that may counter the side effects of metformin and improve overall treatment outcomes. Although generally considered safe, berberine can cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, diarrhoea, and abdominal discomfort, in some individuals.
In the EU, berberine is permitted in food supplements at levels up to 500 mg daily, and its use is subject to regulations regarding health claims and labelling. Food supplements in the EU are regulated under Directive 2002/46/EC, which sets out requirements for vitamins and minerals in food supplements. This directive ensures that supplements are safe and properly labelled, helping consumers make informed choices.
The European Food Safety Authority provides scientific advice on the safety and efficacy of food supplements, including berberine, to inform regulatory decisions. Health claims related to berberine, such as its effects on blood sugar regulation, must be scientifically substantiated and authorised by
4363 Helps to improve blood glucose control 2-3 g root/12-20 ml root tea/0.5-3 g root extract/30 drops root tincture 3x/day
1691 Azione favorente il controllo dei trigliceridi plasmatici
3272 Helps to maintain a normal cholesterol level, contributes in a cholesterol lowering diet
the EFSA before they can be used in marketing.
Several proposed health claims related to Berberis aristata are currently on hold in the EU. These include claims about berberine's ability to help maintain normal blood cholesterol levels and support cardiovascular health (Table 1).
The EFSA has requested additional scientific evidence to substantiate these claims before they can be authorised for use on food supplement labels. This cautious approach reflects the EU's commitment to ensuring that all health claims are supported by robust scientific evidence, protecting consumers from misleading or unsubstantiated claims.
Ongoing research explores berberine's potential benefits for blood sugar regulation and other health conditions. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the longterm effects of berberine supplementation, as well as its optimal dosage and formulation. Additionally, research is investigating berberine's potential synergistic effects when combined with other natural compounds.
Conclusion
Berberine, a natural alkaloid with a long history in traditional medicine, has garnered attention for its
Una compressa al giorno (Berberis aristata e.s. 515 mg equivalente a berberina 500 mg)
Product must be standardised on berberine sulphate, daily dosage 3 x 200 mg berberine sulphate
potential role in blood sugar regulation. Given the increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the growing interest in natural health solutions, berberine holds promise as a valuable tool for managing blood sugar levels and promoting overall metabolic health.
While berberine is generally considered safe, it is essential to be aware of potential side effects and interactions with medications. Food supplements containing berberine are not recommended for children, adolescents, diabetics, people with liver and/or cardiovascular disorders, and pregnant and breastfeeding women8. Known drug interactions with L-DOPA (antiparkinsonian), cisplatin (cytostatic antineoplastic), and warfarin (vitamin K inhibitor) and thiopental (anaesthetic) (A. Kumar et al. , 2015). An indicative toxicological value (VTi) for berberine of 0.1 mg/day for a 60 kg adult has been established by Anses8
Berberine's mechanisms of action and promising clinical trial results suggest that it may be a valuable addition to therapeutic strategies for managing blood sugar levels and supporting overall health.
1 Askari VR, Khosravi K, Baradaran Rahimi V, Garzoli S. A Mechanistic Review on How Berberine Use Combats Diabetes and Related Complications: Molecular, Cellular, and Metabolic Effects. Pharmaceuticals. 2024; 17(1):7. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010007
2 Neag, M. A., Mocan, A., Echeverría, J., Pop, R. M., Bocsan, C. I., Crișan, G., & Buzoianu, A. D. (2018). Berberine: Botanical occurrence, traditional uses, extraction methods, and relevance in cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatic, and renal disorders. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 557. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00557
3 Och A, Podgórski R, Nowak R. Biological Activity of BerberineA Summary Update. Toxins. 2020; 12(11):713. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110713
4 Caliceti C, Rizzo P, Cicero AFG. Potential benefits of berberine in the management of perimenopausal syndrome. J Nutr Metab. 2015;2015:723093. doi:10.1155/2015/723093.
5 Addressing the preventive and therapeutic perspective of berberine against diabetes Shrivastava, Suyesh et al. Heliyon, Volume 9, Issue 11, e21233
6 Mayyas A, Al-Samydai A, Oraibi AI, Debbabi N, Hassan SS, Al-Hussainy HA, Salamatullah AM, Dauelbait M, et al. Deciphering the anti-diabetic potential of Gymnema sylvestre using integrated computer-aided drug design and network pharmacology. J Cell Mol Med. 2025 Jan 14. doi:10.1111/jcmm.70349.
7 Och, A., Och, M., Nowak, R., Podgórska, D., & Podgórski, R. (2022). Berberine, a Herbal Metabolite in the Metabolic Syndrome: The Risk Factors, Course, and Consequences of the Disease. Molecules, 27(4), 1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041351
8 https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/NUT2018SA0095EN.pdf
9 Kumar A, Ekavali, Chopra K, Mukherjee M, Pottabathini R, Dhull DK. Current knowledge and pharmacological profile of berberine: An update. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015 Aug 15;761:288–97. doi:10.1016/j. ejphar.2015.05.068
Fine Foods made a remarkable impression at Vitafoods Europe 2025, marking a pivotal moment in its evolution as a leading Health and Beauty CSDMO. The event served as the perfect stage to unveil the Group’s new positioning and visual identity, reinforcing its commitment to delivering innovative, service-driven solutions. With a strong presence and an expanded product portfolio, Fine Foods showcased its ability to anticipate market trends and support consumer well-being across all life stages.
Vitafoods Europe is a key gathering in the nutraceutical sector, and the 2025 event marked a significant milestone. The move to Barcelona, after 26 years in Geneva, has propelled the exhibition towards a more international and expansion-driven direction, as evidenced by the 25,500 Fira Barcelona attendees.
This dynamic setting provided the backdrop for the official unveiling of Fine Foods’ new positioning as a Health and Beauty CSDMO. The updated identity underscores the Group’s focus on the Health & Beauty market and, with the addition of the "S" for Services, distinctly redefines Fine Foods’ role within the CDMO landscape. The Group is a CSDMO - Contract Services Development & Manufacturing Organization - distinguished by its strong service-oriented approach to customer needs.
A notable development this year was the active involvement of the Cosmetics Business Unit. This synergy between business units enabled the exploration and presentation of innovative "In&Out" treatment concepts. Taking the spotlight, Fine Foods in-
troduced a comprehensive product range tailored to support women throughout their various stages of life, from adolescence to menopause, providing solutions such as intimate cleansers and supplements for hormonal support and overall psychophysical balance. Dedicated beauty innovations were showcased, blending functional skincare with nutraceuticals to support the inner and outer skin balance and radiance. Additionally, oral care played a key role, with nutraceutical and cosmetic products targeting gum health, mouth hydration and comfort, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach to oral health.
Among the headline innovations introduced in Barcelona were biotics, featured in a cutting-edge portfolio comprising different formats designed to promote gut health and other functional areas through premium ingredient combinations. One standout is Nextcaps®, Fine Foods’ proprietary hard capsule technology, ideal for delivering sensitive ingredients such as probiotics alongside other ingredients.
In the area of active hydration, Hydralibrium® garnered attention for its formulation inspired by intracellular electrolyte balance. Enriched with four essential minerals, it provides deep and effective hydration, and is adaptable across various health segments. Finally, for those with dynamic lifestyles, LiquiFY™ delivers a convenient, ready-to-use gel with a smooth, palatable texture, which is ideal for fast and enjoyable supplementation on the go.
With its privileged position within the expansive exhibition space, Fine Foods made the most of the opportunity to engage with participants, strengthening existing partnerships, forging new strategic relationships, and showcasing an array of pioneering products. Fine Foods’ stand was enlivened by many initiatives that attracted high footfall and sparked considerable interest. The company participated in the Innovation Tour, contributing to the session titled "Healthy gut, healthy life", where it presented its dedicated range of solutions for gastrointestinal health. Special attention was given to biotics, acknowledged as essential contributors to holis-
tic well-being.
Two cutting-edge product concepts showcased in the New Product Zone captured visitors’ attention: LiquiFY™ Metabolic Collagen, highlighted in Innova Market Insights’ "Overview of Vitafoods Europe 2025" report for its innovative AI-powered formulation, is a next-generation supplement featuring collagen peptides selected through artificial intelligence to support glucose metabolism. Nextcaps® Immuno, is an advanced immune support formulation. With its Nextcaps® technology, it combines sensitive ingredients such as live probiotics and microencapsulated sustained-release vitamin C within a hard capsule format, overcoming previous formulation challenges and delivering a stable, effective solution.
Vitafoods Europe was an opportunity to identify emerging and promising innovation areas that will guide Fine Foods’ future R&D efforts. Among these, Metabolism and Weight Management stands out, with a growing emphasis on natural approaches that promote weight loss with minimal side effects. The adoption of artificial intelligence in formulation processes is paving the way for increasingly accurate, customised, and effective products. Other trends include longevity, with a focus on cellular health and long-term wellness, and sleep and relaxation, where the innovation frontier is targeting stress reduction and psychophysical recovery.
Vitafoods Europe 2025 was a resounding success for Fine Foods, which tapped into the event’s renewed international scope to reinforce its sector leadership. Additionally, the company unveiled its refreshed logo and introduced state-of-the-art solutions within the health and beauty landscape.
This is an overview of the B2B live events during 2025 and 2026
22-23 October, La Farga Barcelona https://www.cosmetorium.es/en/
28-30 October, Frankfurt https://www.cphi.com/europe/en/home.html
09-20 November, Malmömässan https://www.nordicorganicexpo.com/en/
19-20 November, Milano https://www.in-vitality.it/
30 November - 02 December, Paris https://natexpo.com/
02-04 December, Paris https://www.figlobal.com/europe/en/home.html
2026
Via Berlino, 39 24040 Zingonia/Verdellino – Bergamo – Italy
www.finefoods.it info@finefoods.it
22-24 February, Bologna https://www.sana.it/en/home/1229.html
26-29 March, Bologna https://www.cosmoprof.com/
04-16 April, Paris
https://www.in-cosmetics.com/global/en-gb.html
14-16 April, Warsaw https://nutrafood.pl/en/
Once hailed as safe and effective, parabens have come under intense scrutiny for their potential endocrine-disrupting effects and alleged link to breast cancer. Although widely used in cosmetics for nearly a century, growing concern over their estrogenic activity has sparked debate among scientists, regulators, and consumers. Given the justified concerns regarding the human toxicity of parabens, further research is expected.
AUTHOR: Gordana Gorinšek, MSc in Phytomedicine, Expert Cosmetic Safety Assessor, Expert Regulatory Affairs Consultant
Discovered in the late 19th century, parabens have been widely used since the 1920s in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and food industries due to their highly effective antimicrobial properties. Given their presence in these products, parabens can enter the body via oral, parenteral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Among these, the dermal route predominates, as personal care and hygiene products contribute most to human exposure, followed by parahydroxybenzoate esters added to food and topical pharmaceutical forms.
As parabens are popular preservatives in cosmetics, it is estimated that nearly half (44%) of all cosmetic products are preserved using parabens. Multiple cosmetic products are used daily, coming into contact with the skin, vaginal, oral, and ocular mucosa, as well as hair and nails. Between 0.03 and 4.13 mg/kg of body weight of parabens are absorbed through the skin daily.
Depending on the route of intake, parabens are metabolized by esterases in the digestive system and skin, and are retained in the body for a relatively short time. They are almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and hydrolyzed in the liver by hepatic esterases. The main metabolite is p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), with others including p-hydroxyhippuric acid and conjugated forms of PHBA with glycine, glucuronide, and sulfate. Metabolism is rapid, as evidenced by the appearance of metabolites in urine 5 hours after ingestion. Four esterases that metabolize parabens are found in the skin - located in the cutis, keratinocytes, subcutaneous fat tissue, and blood. Subcutaneous esterase I has a higher affinity for shortchain parabens like methylparaben, whereas esterase II prefers butylparaben. Esterase III in keratinocytes has a higher affinity for butylparaben, with decreasing affinity for shorter chains. Due to individual differences in esterase activity and increased cosmetic use, hydrolysis of parabens may be incomplete. After absorption
and metabolism, parabens and their metabolites are mostly excreted via urine, with a smaller portion excreted in bile and feces.
Estrogens are female sex hormones that play multiple roles in the development and function of the female reproductive system. Natural estrogens are steroid molecules that bind to estrogen receptors and influence gene expression; these include estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3). Synthetic estrogens are classified as xenoestrogens. Estrogen receptors activated by estrogen (17β-estradiol) are a group of proteins found within cells. These receptors have been isolated in malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. At higher concentrations, estrogens are carcinogenic and increase oxidative DNA damage at the cellular level.
A significant rise in endocrinerelated noncommunicable diseases suggests that, in addition to genetic factors, environmental influences play an important role. Such environmental factors are called endocrine disruptors. An endocrine disruptor is an exogenous substance or mixture of substances capable of causing endocrine disorders in a healthy organism and its offspring. Since only 5% of breast cancers are associated with genetic predisposition, the remaining 95% are sporadic and of unknown cause. Therefore, increased exposure of women to chemicals that are endocrine-disrupting xenoestrogens may promote the development of breast cancer. Parabens are considered endocrine disruptors because they act as competitive agonists of estrogen receptors, mimicking the effects of endogenous estrogen. This may influence the proliferation of estrogen-sensitive breast cells and thereby increase the risk of hormone-dependent breast cancer.
The use of parabens as preservatives in cosmetic products is regulated by European Union law. Parabens permitted for use in cosmetics are listed in Annex V of Regulation 1223/2009 (Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products). Under reference number 12, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and its salts and esters are listed (e.g., methylparaben, butylparaben, potassium ethylparaben, sodium propylparaben, etc.), along with the maximum allowed concentrations in finished cosmetic products: up to 0.4% (as acid) for an individual ester, and up to 0.8% (as acid) for a mixture of esters. Annex II of Regulation 1223/2009 lists seven parabens prohibited in cosmetic products: isopropylparaben, isobutylparaben, phenylparaben, benzylparaben, and pentylparaben.
Although used since the early 20th century and once considered completely safe for human health, suspicions regarding their potential toxicity only began to arise in the scientific community towards the end of that century.
A 1994 report by the EU Scientific Committee for Food reviewed the general toxicological profile of parabens, including results from acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity studies on rats, dogs, and mice. These studies concluded that parabens are virtually non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, non-genotoxic, nonco-carcinogenic, and non-teratogenic. It was noted that parabens do not accumulate in tissues and are expected to hydrolyze easily.
In 1998, it was first scientifically demonstrated
that parabens can act as competitive agonists of estrogen receptors in both in vitro and in vivo studies on female rats. Parabens were shown to mimic the effects of the natural estrogen 17β-estradiol by binding to estrogen receptors and influencing the expression of estrogen-dependent genes. Additionally, it was observed that longer alkyl chains increased the estrogenicity of parabens, enhancing cell penetration and receptor binding.
A number of studies followed, culminating in a 2004 study by Darbre et al. , which triggered widespread scientific and public debate by reporting the presence of parabens in 20 breast tumor samples. A year later, the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) responded, highlighting methodological flaws in the study such as the absence of control tissue, failure to account for anticancer medications containing parabens, and lack of data on the donors’ exposure to consumer products containing parabens. Furthermore, most cosmetic products used in the underarm area (>98%) do not contain parabens.
The SCCS also referenced two earlier epidemiological studies that examined the relationship between the use of deodorants/antiperspirants and the occurrence of breast cancer. One, involving 813 cancer patients and 793 healthy individuals, found no link, which was echoed in another study of 437 breast cancer patients. Results were influenced by socioeconomic, cultural, genetic, and hygiene-related factors.
The SCCS noted that breast tumors most often occur in the upper outer quadrant of the breast, closest to the armpit, which correlates with a higher density of glandular tissue. It pointed out that lymphatic and blood flow move from the breast to the armpit - not the reverse - making retrograde transport speculative. Various in vitro studies showed
that parabens can bind to estrogen receptors, activate receptor-controlled genes, stimulate cell growth, and increase the level of immunoreactive estrogen receptor proteins. Estrogenic potency increases with longer and branched alkyl side chains (methyl < ethyl < propyl < butyl < isobutyl), but remains 1,000 to 1,000,000 times lower than that of 17β-estradiol. PHBA, a common metabolite of all parabens, is inactive in in vitro tests. In vivo estrogenic activity, tested using uterotrophic assays in rodents, confirmed higher potency of butylparaben, though still several orders of magnitude lower than 17β-estradiol. In conclusion, based on the low estrogenic potential of parabens and current knowledge, a causal link between parabens and breast cancer cannot be definitively established.
In 2010, the SCCS released another opinion summarizing results of reproductive toxicity and pharmacokinetics studies. It expressed concern about the endocrine-disrupting potential of longer-chain parabens, including propylparaben, butylparaben, and related isomers. While their estrogenic activity increases with chain length, the potency remains 3–6 orders of magnitude lower than positive controls. Due to insufficient studies on human dermal absorption and toxicokinetics, SCCS could not confirm that butylparaben and propylparaben are fully metabolized to PHBA after application to human skin, as is the case in rats. Therefore, the parent compounds may still be systemically available, though not to an unlimited extent, requiring further human data.
In early 2025, the SCCS issued its latest opinion regarding children's exposure to butylparaben. Based on all available data, including potential endocrine effects, it concluded that using butylparaben at a maximum concentration of 0.14% (as acid) in all cosmetics is not safe for children aged 0.5 to 10 years when used in combination. Excluding body lotions, it is safe in individual dermal and oral product categories if used appropriately. Recommendations include maintaining 0.14% in rinseoff products, reducing it to 0.002% in leave-on products, and 0.092% in oral care. At these levels, butylparaben is considered safe for children of all ages across all product categories, whether used alone or in combination.
Parabens are long-standing, widely used preservatives in industry for over 100 years, valued for their reliable antimicrobial action. They are favored for not altering product stability or sensory properties and for their low production cost. Over the past three decades, they have become controversial due to suspected but unproven carcinogenicity concerning the human reproductive system. While their endocrinedisrupting potential has been confirmed in animal models, they are classified as weak endocrine disruptors. No clear causal link has been established in humans between the use of paraben-containing cosmetics and cancer development. Given the justified concerns regarding their human toxicity, further research is expected. Until then, parabens
remain recognized as effective and safe preservatives in cosmetics, provided they are used in strictly controlled concentrations and for specific age groups.
S. Abbas et al., “Metabolism of Parabens (4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Esters) by Hepatic Esterases and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases in Man.” Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 25 (6):, p. 568–577, 2010.
P. Ukić, "Challenges of using parabens as preservatives in pharmaceutical forms of drugs and cosmetics." Graduate thesis. Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 2023. M. Golubić, "The impact of parabens on human health." Graduate thesis. Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 2016.
Ž. Roje, "Changes in the concentration of parabens in the upper lateral quadrant of the breast in women with a malignant breast tumor." Doctoral dissertation. Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 2021.
SCF, “Opinion on p-hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters and their sodium salts, expressed on 25 February 1994.” European Commission, Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food (Thirtyfifth series), pp. 912, 2004.
E. J. Routledge, J. Parker, J. Odum, J. Ashby, J. P. Sumpter, “Some Alkyl Hydroxy Benzoate Preservatives (Parabens) Are Estrogenic.” Toxicol Appl Pharmacol., p. 153:12–19., 1998.
P. D. Darbre, A. Aljarrah, W. R. Miller, N. G. Coldham, M. J. Sauer, G. S. Pope, “Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours.” J Applied Toxicology, 24, 5–13, 2004.
D. K. Mirick, S. Davis, D. B. Thomas, “Antiperspirant use and the risk of breast cancer.” J Natl Cancer Inst., 94:1578–80, 2002.
K G McGrath, “An earlier age of breast cancer diagnosis related to more frequent use of antiperspirants/deodorants and underarm shaving.” Eur J Cancer Prev., 12:479–485, 2003.
SCCP, “Extended Opinion on Parabens, underarm cosmetics and breast cancer, adopted by the SCCP by written procedure on 28 January 2005.”, 2005.
SCCS, “Opinion on Parabens. Adopted by written procedure on 14 December 2010.”, 2010.
SCCS, “Opinion on Butylparaben - children exposure. Adopted by written procedure on 30 April 2025.”, 2025.
Aromatični kutak Ltd. Brune Bušića 21 Zagreb, Croatia https://pif.com.hr/ info@aromaticnikutak.hr T. + 385 98 1750 934
Elastin is a vital extracellular matrix protein that provides elasticity and resilience to various tissues. Its unique ability to undergo reversible deformation distinguishes it from other structural proteins such as collagen. The synthesis and organization of elastin are tightly regulated processes involving specific cross-linking amino acids that ensure its long-term durability. Understanding elastin's structure and function is essential for comprehending skin aging and developing antiaging solutions.
Elastin, the pillar of tissue elasticity, is a fundamental structural protein, vital for the elasticity and resilience of numerous soft tissues in mammalian bodies. Unlike other proteins, its most notable and distinguishing characteristic is its unique ability to confer reversible elasticity. This means that tissues can stretch significantly and then return to their original shape without sustaining damage.
The key to elastin's extraordinary elasticity lies in its molecular composition and structure. It has a high content of hydrophobic amino acids such as valine, proline, and glycine, which give it a disordered conformation when not under tension. However, what truly sets it apart is the presence of the unique amino acids desmosine and isodesmosine. These are lysine derivatives that act as cross-links, joining multiple elastin chains together. These cross-links are crucial because they allow the elastin network to stretch and contract in a coordinated manner without breaking, similar to a three-dimensional net that expands and shrinks.
Elastin formation is a complex and strictly regulated process. It begins with tropoelastin synthesis,
which then organizes with the help of fibrillin microfibrils. Finally, enzymes like lysyloxidases create desmosine and isodesmosine cross-links, which are essential for elastin to provide vital elasticity and resilience to tissues like skin and blood vessels.
Elastin's primary function is to provide flexibility and elasticity to tissues. Its unique structure, characterized by intertwined fibers, allows tissues like the skin to stretch significantly and then recoil to their original position. This crucial protein also plays a vital role in preventing the breakage of connective tissue fibers (which are mainly composed of collagen) and helps maintain skin integrity by preventing the formation of wrinkles, sagging, and the appearance of stretch marks
Skin can be visualized as a coexistence and synergy of a perfect trident of collagen and elastin networks, immersed in a viscous water-saturated medium rich in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), especially Hyaluronic acid:
Elastin: It constitutes 2% to 4% of the dry weight of the dermis in adults. It is the protein that confers resilience and elasticity to the tissues to provide stretching and recoil to the skin.
Collagen: It makes up approximately 75% of the
skin's composition. It is responsible for tensile strength and plays a crucial structural role.
Hyaluronic Acid: It is a molecule that has the capacity to retain water in the tissues. The loss of skin hydration is associated with the degradation and loss of this molecule, which is vital to maintaining hydrated skin.
Skin aging is a complex process marked by the weakening and fragmentation of elastic fibers, primarily due to a natural decline in the production of their essential components over time. This decline is influenced by both intrinsic factors, such as genetics and hormonal changes, and extrinsic factors, including sun exposure, tobacco use, and poor nutrition.
This multifaceted process leads to a range of visible signs of aging. These include the formation of wrinkles, a noticeable loss of elasticity, thinning of the skin, reduced hydration, increased sagging, and enhanced skin fragility.
Maintaining healthy elastin and, by extension, youthful skin, requires a multifaceted strategy that combines internal care with external protection. It's fundamental to avoid tobacco and excessive alcohol, both known aggressors to skin health. Adequate hydration is also key, and protecting the skin from sun exposure is paramount, as UV radiation is a leading cause of elastin degradation. Furthermore, it's crucial to avoid foods that promote glycation, a process that can stiffen and damage collagen and elastin fibers. Instead, we should focus on an antioxidant and antiinflammatory diet that also supports a balanced gut microbiota, given that skin health is linked to gut health. Eating essential and non-essential amino acids is another important point to consider because they are the building blocks for protein like elastin.
Beyond diet, food supplements emerge as an indispensable partner in achieving healthy, youthful skin. They are formulated to provide an optimal concentration of vital nutrients and bioactive compounds that are frequently difficult to acquire in adequate amounts through diet alone.
For example, MKARE® eggshell membrane is an ideal ingredient for protecting and improving the condition of the skin thanks to its rich composition, as it contains the same nutrients that are necessary for the maintenance and regeneration of the skin, such as collagen, hyaluronic acid and elastin
In addition, thanks that MKARE® is produced within just a few hours of the eggshell's generation, it provides proteins with powerful antiinflammatory properties, such as lysozyme and ovotransferrin, which contribute to healthier and more protected skin.
Clinical studies reveal a significant improvement
in skin firmness, flexibility, and elasticity with the intake of MKARE® compared to a placebo. This demonstrates a direct intrinsic effect on the skin's biomechanical structure, particularly on skin elastin
Key ingredients that enhance MKARE's effect on skin health.
While the MKARE® eggshell membrane provides ideal components for more elastic and supple skin, its effectiveness can be greatly enhanced by creating a synergy with other ingredients that protect and stimulate skin regeneration.
Antioxidants (Vitamins C & E, Ferulic Acid, Polyphenols):
Elastin is highly susceptible to damage from free radicals unstable molecules generated by sun exposure, pollution, tobacco, and other stressors. Antioxidants neutralize these free radicals, protecting elastic fibers from deterioration.
Vitamins:
For example, Vitamin A Derivatives (Retinoids) are
one of the most studied anti-aging ingredients. While their primary action is to stimulate collagen production and accelerate cell turnover, they have also been shown to help prevent elastin degradation and can improve the quality of existing elastic fibers.
Essential minerals (zinc, copper, ...):
For instance, copper serves as a key cofactor for the lysyloxidase enzyme, which is fundamental in the formation of cross-links in both elastin and collagen. In this context, a synergistic effect is established with this enzyme, which is also found in egg membrane. Zinc is another essential mineral necessary for the function of many skin-repairing enzymes and works very well together with MKARE®
Probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillusplantarum):
Certain beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus plantarum , have demonstrated synergy with egg membrane by generating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which possess antiinflammatory capabilities in the body.
Years of research have been invested to seamlessly integrate eggshell membrane into traditional consumption formats like capsules, tablets, softgels, and liquid formulations for vials. Beyond these conventional applications, innovation has also driven the successful development of disruptive new formats, including functional coffees, Matcha tea, jellies, and a variety of other beverages.
The survey provides insights into supplement user buying behaviors and priorities, including familiarity, usage patterns, purchase drivers, branded ingredients and the importance of values like trust, transparency and sustainability.
AUTHOR: Len Monheit, CEO, Industry Transparency Center
Industry Transparency Center (ITC) is a data, strategy and insights company focused on the health ingredients and natural product sectors globally. With a deep background in strategy, sourcing and supply chain the team at ITC works with industry, consumers and influencers to understand values, behaviors, purchase drivers to understand and predict trends and guide its education programs for maximum impact. The team produces virtual conferences high-
Key Insight:
Multivitamins sees the highest regular use rate of 44%, vitamin C is second at 40%.
Magnesium and vitamin C top irregular use at 45%
lighting emerging and validated nutrition science, driving its application in industry settings. The 2024 ITC Insights Consumer Supplement Survey was fielded from February to March 2024 and analyzed by the Industry Transparency Center. The survey includes over 4000 supplement consumers ages 18+ in 6 countries: US (1000), UK (500), DE (500) IT: (500), KR: (500), AU: (500), IN: (500).
All but CBD and mushrooms have combined usage rates of 50% or more.
No single supplement saw a response rate over 8% for a combination formula, with most responses
Key Insight:
For each supplement surveyed males 18-34 have the highest percentage of total usage, except iron where they are 1% behind females 18-34 (88% compared to 87%).
Female 18-34 and males 35-54 also have high total usage rates.
Those over 55 have the lowest total usage rates across the board.
Question:
“Which of the following best describes how frequently you are taking the following supplements?” Sum of total usage.
Note: n varies by supplement
Key Insight:
The vast majority of supplements surveyed have an overall familiarity level of 50% or more with most seeing overall familiarity levels of 75% or more. Familiarity levels in India are significantly higher, nootropics has the lowest response rate at 69%, 20 to 40% higher than the same response from the other countries.
Question: “How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?” Sum of all responses except “Never heard of it” (Figure 3.)
Note: All Respondents n=4198, US n=1061, UK n=526, DE n=525, IT n=526, KR n=533, AU n=508, IN n=519
Key Insight:
In the chart display, we see additional points: a spike for several ingredients in India including protein powder, mushrooms, synbiotics and ashwagandha. There is also a spike for collagen and glucosamine in South Korea, melatonin in the US and Italy, CBD in the US and lutein in South Korea.
Question:
“How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?” Sum of all responses except “Never heard of it” (Figure 4.)
Note: Respondents n=4198, US n=1061, UK n=526, DE n=525, IT n=526, KR n=533, AU n=508, IN n=519, All Respondents n=4198.
FAMILIARITY: AGE & GENDER
Key Insight:
Males 18-34 have some of the highest levels of overall familiarity, particularly as you move into some of the “lesser familiar” supplements. The same can be said of those over 55 and their relatively low overall familiarity levels.
Question:
“How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?” Sum of all responses except “Never heard of it” (Figure 5.)
Note: Female 18-34 n=634, Male 18-34 n=565, Female 35-54 n=885, Male 35-54 n=877, Female 55+ n=572, Male 55+ n=658
Key Insight:
Males 18-34 in the US see those same high overall familiarity levels, especially noting the over-index for mushrooms, males 35-54 join them. CoQ10 and lutein familiarity in the US is particularly high with the older age groups.
Question:
“How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?” Sum of all responses except “Never heard of it” (Figure 6.)
Note: US Female 18-34 n=103, US Male 18-34 n=189, US Female 35-54 n=217, US Male 35-54 n=224, US Female 55+ n=193, US Male 55+ n=134
OVERALL FAMILIARITY: US, 2019-2024
Key Insight:
Since 2019 we have seen overall familiarity increase for collagen, curcumin and prebiotics, and decrease for vitamin K2 and CoQ10.
Question:
“How familiar would you consider yourself regarding
the use of these supplements?” Sum of all responses except “Never heard of it” (Figure 7.)
Note: 2019 US n=1004, 2020 US n=1000, 2021 US n=1000, 2022 US n=1000, 2023 US n=1110, 2024 US n=1061
Key Insight:
Top-2 familiarity levels for vitamin C and multivitamins are both over 70% with vitamin D, calcium and iron closing in with top-2 familiarity levels over 60%.
Question:
“How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?”
Note: All Respondents n=4198
Note: All Respondents n=4198. Question: “How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?”
Key Insight:
Vitamins C and D along with multivitamins all have a 70%+ top-2 in the US.
Calcium is not too far behind, being the only other supplement with a top response of 30% or more.
Extremely familiar and I take and/or recommend
Question:
“How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?”(Figure 9.)
Note: US n=1061.
FAMILIARITY: UK
Key Insight: While responses for the popular supplements like vitamins D and C are high, top-2 responses in the UK are slightly lower compared to the US.
Question: “How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?” (Figure 10).
Note: UK n=526
FAMILIARITY: DE
Key Insight: Magnesium has the third highest top familiarity level in Germany, ahead of multivitamins.
Question:
“How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?” (Figure 11.)
Note: DE n=525
Key Insight:
Italian top familiarity responses see a sharp decline below 20% top response rate after probiotics. Vitamin C is approaching a top-2 level of 80%..
Question:
“How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?”
Key Insight:
Korean responses are the most linear out of each group, showing large jumps in terms of response rates for top familiarity levels.
Probiotics rank third for top familiarity levels., behind just vitamin C and multivitamins, by far the
highest rank for probiotics out of each of the countries surveyed.
Question:
“How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?” (Figure 12.)
Note: KR n=533.
Key Insight:
Australians have some of the largest response rates for “Never heard of it”, and even with a few supplements over 70% never heard of likely due to lack of ingredient availability.
Question: “How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?” (Figure 13.)
Note: AU n=508
Key Insight:
Top2 responses in India are significantly higher than in any other country, with all supplements with 15 having 20%+ top response and the top supplements seeing top-2 responses above 80%.
Question: “How familiar would you consider yourself regarding the use of these supplements?” (Figure 14.)
Note: IN n=519
PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS: COUNTRY
Key Insight:
As with familiarity, Indian respondents significantly over-index for most of the supplements surveyed, especially for those herbs of Indian origin. US and Italian responses are also quite high.
Question:
“What is your opinion of the effectiveness/benefit of each of these supplements?” Sum of top 2 responses marked “I trust that it is effective, and I have experienced its benefits” and “I trust that it is effective, but I haven't experienced benefits” (Figure 14.)
Note: n varies
PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS: AGE & GENDER
Key Insights:
Protein powder and collagen look like outliers here because of the significant skew younger; both supplements are among the top 10 for females 18-34. Males 18-34 over-index for most of the supplements with relatively low responses from the other demographic groups, especially for glutathione, CBD, mushrooms and astaxanthin among others.
Question:
“What is your opinion of the effectiveness/benefit of each of these supplements?” Sum of top 2 responses marked “I trust that it is effective, and I have experienced its benefits” and “I trust that it is effective, but I haven't experienced benefits”
Note: n varies
Key Insight:
Many supplements surveyed see a younger skew in the US and have top responses from the two male under 55 age groups.
Question:
“What is your opinion of the effectiveness/benefit
of each of these supplements?” Sum of top 2 responses marked “I trust that it is effective, and I have experienced its benefits” and “I trust that it is effective, but I haven't experienced benefits” (Figure 16.)
Note: n varies
PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS
Key Insights:
Top 2 responses for each ingredient are all over or approaching 50%.
The top response for vitamin C, D, multivitamins, iron and calcium are all over 40% with omega-3s and magnesium approaching that level.
The two not effective responses have by far the
lowest response rates across the board with no single response for “I know it’s not effective” above 4%.
Question:
“What is your opinion of the effectiveness/benefit of each of these supplements?”(Figure 17.)
Note: n varies
Key Insight:
MSM, choline and mushrooms are the only supplements to not have a top 2 response rate over 50%.
Vitamins C and D along with multivitamins and calcium are approaching 90% top 2 response.
Key Insight:
The top 6 supplements among UK respondents are significantly ahead of the others with a top response drop off of 16% after calcium.
Question: “What is your opinion of the effectiveness/benefit of each of these supplements?” (Figure 18.)
I
Question: “What is your opinion of the effectiveness/benefit of each of these supplements?” (Figure 19.)
Note: n varies
Key Insight:
As with familiarity, magnesium is rated very highly among German respondents, in this case , moving to second in top response and third for top-2 response.
Key Insights:
Magnesium also ranks highly among Italian respondents, fourth in terms of top response, but dropping to sixth for top-2 response. Vitamin C, in this case, has cracked 90%.
Question: “What is your opinion of the effectiveness/benefit of each of these supplements?”(Figure 20.)
I
Question: “What is your opinion of the effectiveness/benefit of each of these supplements?” (Figure 21.)
Note: n varies
PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS: KR
Key Insight:
Korean respondents have more muted responses, with no supplement over 40% top response but also do not dip below 10% for anything but choline. Their “I don’t know” response rates, however, are among the lowest, combined with low top responses
Key Insight:
All the top 10 supplements in terms of top response are over 20% with vitamin C topping 50%. Vitamin C and D both show over 80% for top-2, iron sits at 79%.
this suggests less of a hardline opinion on effectiveness compared to other countries.
Question:
“What is your opinion of the effectiveness/benefit of each of these supplements?” (Figure 22.)
Note: n varies
I trust that it
Question:
“What is your opinion of the effectiveness/benefit of each of these supplements?” (Figure 23.)
Note: n varies
Key Insight:
As with familiarity, Indian respondents have by far the highest response rates for this question with top-2 responses for all supplements but citicoline over 60% and many over 70%.
In fact, all of vitamin C, D, calcium and iron sit at over 90% top-2.
Question: “What is your opinion of the effectiveness/benefit of each of these supplements?” (Figure 24.)
Note: n varies
I trust that it is effective, and I have experienced its benefits I trust that it is effective, but I haven't experienced benefits I've heard good & bad I think it might not be effective, I haven't experienced benefits I know it's not effective I don't know
https://itcstrategy.com/ len@itcstrategy.com info@itcstrategy.com Source:
Research presented at ARVO 2025 suggests FloraGLO Lutein supplementation can boost macular pigment
Kemin Industries, a global ingredient manufacturer that strives to sustainably transform the quality of life every day for 80 percent of the world with its products and services, presented new clinical research at the 2025 annual meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) in May. The study suggested that FloraGLO® Lutein supplementation at a dosage of 5 mg in healthy adolescents can boost macular pigment (MP) levels, potentially helping protect their eyes from digital strain due to screentime.
Higher MP levels correspond to higher levels of lutein in the eye and brain. Lutein has been shown to support both eye and brain health in adults. However, there are no studies to date that have examined the benefits of giving lutein to adolescents, nor have any studies explored the benefits of lutein in children at a dose as low as 5 mg. Recognizing this gap, Kemin continues to build on its 30-year legacy of nutritional carotenoid research and innovation by supporting the exploration of the impact of lutein in healthy younger populations.
The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 59 healthy children aged 8 to 16 with ≥4 hours of daily screen time. Participants took either 5 mg of FloraGLO Lutein, containing 225 µg of natural zeaxanthin, or placebo gummies daily for 6 months. Macular pigment was assessed using two noninvasive techniques: heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP) (Quantifeye MPS II) for peak macular pigment optical density and Haidinger’s Brush degree of polarization detection (HB) (MPEye) for MP volume. Assessments were performed on days 0, 90, and 180.
The HB method revealed a significant treatment effect of FloraGLO Lutein supplementation compared to placebo. A 14% increase in MP density compared to placebo demonstrated that FloraGLO Lutein supplementation effectively enhanced MP levels in the adolescent retina, potentially helping protect the eyes from screen-related digital strain. The HFP method showed only a 0.5% increase in the lutein group compared to placebo, suggesting that MP accumulation in preteens and adolescents may differ from the patterns observed in adulthood.
"This study underscores a powerful insight: just 5 mg of lutein a day-roughly the amount found in ¼
cup of cooked spinach-can meaningfully support eye health in pre-teens and teens exposed to digital screens all day long," said Dr. Brenda Fonseca, Senior Scientist at Kemin Human Nutrition and Health and Principal Investigator of the study. "That’s a small nutritional change with potentially big implicationsespecially considering most kids aren’t coming close to that intake level on a daily basis. As screen time continues to climb, we’re encouraged to see that targeted nutrition like this could help counteract some of the strain today’s digital lifestyles are placing on young eyes."
Pre-teens and teens are constantly exposed to screens and do not eat enough nutrient-rich food, which can lead to long-term eye damage. This study demonstrates that even at a low dosage, FloraGLO Lutein can support the eye health of adolescents, making it an ideal choice to fill the nutrient gap. Derived from marigold flowers and backed by 115 human clinical publications, FloraGLO continues to be ‘Science-backed, not borrowed. All Ages. All Stages.’
Kemin Human Nutrition and Health specializes in delivering transformative, upgraded nutritional solutions that redefine market expectations by blending science, innovation, and curiosity for a positive health journey. The full abstract will be released at the end of July. Click here to request a copy upon release.
The omega-3 supplements market is booming, driven by rising health awareness, increasing chronic diseases, and demand for heart & brain health products worldwide. The market was valued at USD 8.21 billion in 2024 and is expected to increase to USD 17.08 billion by 2032, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.59% between 2025 and 2032.
Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential nutrients that play a crucial role in cardiovascular health, cognitive function, and inflammation reduction. The growing prevalence of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders and cognitive decline, has heightened the demand for omega-3 supplements worldwide.
Several variables influence the market’s growth trajectory:
Health awareness: As the public becomes more aware of the health advantages of omega-3 fatty acids, customer demand for supplements rises.
Aging population: The rising geriatric population globally is seeking preventive healthcare solutions, including omega-3 supplementation, to manage age-related health issues.
Product innovation: Companies are introducing innovative products, such as high-concentration omega-3 supplements and plant-based alternatives like algae oil, to cater to diverse consumer preferences.
Regulatory support: Health authorities, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), are endorsing omega3 supplementation for specific health benefits, further boosting consumer confidence.
North America dominates the omega-3 supplement market, owing to strong consumer awareness and a well-established supplement sector. The United States, in particular, leads the region because to significant demand from healthconscious customers and extensive retail distribution networks.
The AsiaPacific region is experiencing the fastest growth in the omega-3 supplement market, thanks largely to strong demand from countries like Japan and India. This increase is fueled by higher disposable incomes, greater health awareness, and a rise in chronic health conditions in these areas.
Nordic Naturals Inc
RB Health (US) LLC
Aker BioMarine Human Ingredients AS dsmfirmenich
NOW Foods
Pharmavite LLC
Carlson Labs
The Coromega Company
NutriGold Inc
Barlean’s Organic Oils, LLC.
In October 2024, Groupe Berkem partnered with Arctic Bioscience to introduce B-Romega, an innovative omega-3 supplement tailored for the North American market. This product features herring caviar oil extract, rich in phospholipid omega-3s and naturally occurring Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators (SPMs).
In December 2024, Coromega introduced Coromega Max Gold, a potent new omega3 fish oil supplement. It provides a high daily dose of 3,000 mg of omega-3s, comprising 1,560 mg of EPA and 1,060 mg of DHA. This pill promotes heart health, improves brain function, and keeps joints flexible.
Recent developments in Japan (2024–2025)
Daewoong Bio released CRA-TG, a combination of the hyperlipidemia medicine rosuvastatin and Omega-3, in June 2024, with the goal of lowering patients’ triglycerides. This medication broadens Daewoong Bio’s hyperlipidemia therapeutic portfolio, demonstrating improved lipid profiles and tolerability.
In May 2024, NYO3 debuted Royal-boost antarctic krill oil at Vitafoods Europe. This breakthrough product contains a unique water-soluble technology that improves your body’s ability to absorb omega-3, making its advantages more effective.
Conclusion
The omega-3 supplement market is growing swiftly, driven by increasing health consciousness, an aging population, and continuous product innovation. With more consumers focusing on preventive healthcare, the demand for omega-3 supplements is set to increase, presenting significant opportunities for businesses to expand their product lines and meet diverse customer needs.
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GOED has launched a new online Sustainability portal, offering a transparent, evidence-based overview of the environmental and social impact of all omega-3 sources, aimed at educating stakeholders across the nutrition industry.
The Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s (GOED) has launched a new educational portal on its website, highlighting the sustainability posture of all sources involved in the global EPA and DHA omega-3 category.
The portal is designed to serve as a comprehensive resource for consumers, industry professionals, financial analysts, regulators and NGOs, offering transparency into the current sustainability status of the omega-3 sector. Topics include:
• What does “sustainable” mean in today’s omega3 industry?
The breadth and complexity of the EPA+DHA supply chain
• Sustainability by omega3 source (e.g., fish, krill, algae)
• GOED’s role in the omega-3 industry’s sustainability progress.
This initiative summarizes five years of GOED’s strategic work, focused on two main goals: (1) benchmarking the sustainability performance of the omega-3 industry and (2) identifying practical ways GOED can foster continuous improvement across its global membership.
“Stakeholders worldwide are asking tougher questions about the environmental and social costs of production - and omega-3s are no exception,” commented GOED’s Director of Sustainability and Market Intelligence Chris Gearheart. “This portal showcases the omega-3 industry’s longstanding commitment to evidence-based research, responsible practices and leadership. We invite the broader supplement industry to use this portal to spark new conversations about what sustainability looks like in the nutrition space.”
To explore the portal and learn more about sustainability in the omega-3 industry visit: https://goedomega3.com/sustainability
GROW – Gelatin Representatives of the World – has published an international survey analyzing the current state and future prospects of gelatin across various countries and sectors. The findings underscore gelatin’s unique properties, its crucial role in sustainability, and its significant performance in various applications. Despite the emergence of plant-based alternatives, gelatin continues to stand out as a reliable ingredient. The survey results offer convincing takeaways for manufacturers looking to innovate while meeting market demands.
a performance powerhouse
A key finding from the survey is gelatin’s appreciated performance across industries. Respondents identified the top three characteristics associated with gelatin*: “Ease of Use” (42%), “Upcycling” (34%), and “Healthy” (29%). These attributes highlight its practicality, sustainability, and health benefits. When selecting a hydrocolloid*, companies prioritize factors such as “Product Performance” (40%), “Low Cost of Use” (over a third), and “Reliability” (32%). Gelatin performs strongly in all these areas, highlighting its significance in the industry. Moreover, manufacturers value its versatile functionality*, particularly its “Ease of Use” (nearly 50%), “Texture” (38%), and “Gel Formation” (35%). These findings confirm that gelatin is not just an ingredient but a key enabler of quality and efficiency in sectors such as food, pharmaceuticals, and technical applications.
A sustainability champion: upcycling at its core
The survey highlights the growing importance of sustainability in ingredient selection. Gelatin is widely recognized as an upcycled product, with 77% of respondents acknowledging that it is derived from byproducts of the meat and fish industry. This aligns with consumer and industry priorities, as 87% consider the integration of upcycled products like gelatin to be important for a more sustainable future.
Additionally, 79% view gelatin as an environmentally positive choice, reinforcing its alignment with global sustainability goals.
As companies strive to reduce waste and optimize resource use, gelatin emerges as an eco-conscious solution that naturally fits within a circular economy.
While plant-based alternatives are gaining visibility (cited by 25% of respondents), gelatin remains dominant due to its unmatched properties (participants could select multiple responses from a list and fill in an additional option in a blank space). Consumers and manufacturers alike are seeking less processed, clean-label solutions, and gelatin perfectly fits this trend.
Interestingly, despite the rising discussion around plant-based options, only 29% currently use plantbased substitutes, marking a slight decline from previous use. This signals that while alternatives are being explored, they have yet to replace gelatin’s functionality, texture, and performance.
“The survey results provide invaluable insights into industry perspectives worldwide,” says the GROW secretariat. “They reaffirm gelatin’s essential role in today’s market, emphasizing its unparalleled versatility, sustainability, and performance. With this knowledge, manufacturers can confidently innovate and address evolving consumer demands.”
GROW conducted structured online interviews with 600 industry professionals across six key markets: Brazil, France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, and the U.S. The respondents represented diverse sectors, including dairy, confectionery, pharmaceuticals, and technical applications, ensuring a comprehensive analysis of gelatin’s global role.
Discover more https://www.gelatininfo.com/global-gelatin-survey.html www.gelatininfo.com/global-gelatin-survey/ survey-dashboard
About GROW
GROW – Gelatin Representatives of the World – is a joint working group of the four regional gelatin associations GMAP (Asia/Pacific), GME (Europe), GMIA (North America) and SAGMA (South America). These associations have a long history of working together on safety and testing aspects of gelatin. In the face of globalization, the international, national and regional regulatory framework is becoming increasingly complex. In the interest of customers, consumers and the gelatin industry worldwide, sharing regular information and alignment and the need for effective global communication are clearly essential. GROW strives to strengthen dialog between regional gelatin associations in order to ensure safe, natural, and reliable products. GROW also informs and communicates with customers and the media on the benefits of gelatin and collagen peptides. More information: gelatininfo.com
Contact information:
GROW - Gelatin Representatives of the World E-Mail: info(at)gelatininfo.com https://www.gelatininfo.com/infocenter/ press-center.html
It is a powerful UVB filter with excellent solubility and high compatibility with cosmetic ingredients. It enables high SPFs in various applications, including sunscreens, anti-aging and anti-wrinkle products, serums, and lotions.
The organic crystalline UVB filter Neo Heliopan® 310 (INCI: Diethylhexyl ButamidoTriazone) comes with superior absorption capacity. It reaches an absorption peak of 310 nm due to its three chromophore groups. As one of the most photostable UVB filters on the market it also offers a very good safety profile and provides photoaging prevention properties. Its reliable performance and its excellent solubility make it ideal for water-resistant sunscreens and water-free formulations as well as typical emulsions.
Symrise’s leading range of UV filters entails a complete portfolio of organic, inorganic, and mineral solutions. The launch of Neo Heliopan® 310 further expands this offering. It provides customers with a convenient, effective, and efficient solution for sun protection management, aligned with consumer expectations.
“Sun protection becomes increasingly important for consumers around the world,” says Julio Bombonati, Global Category Director Sun Protection at Symrise. “At Symrise Cosmetic Ingredients, we strive for continuously enhancing our UV filter portfolio with solutions like Neo Heliopan® 310. Our product is giving answers to regulatory requirements known from traditional UV filters and it also provides strong UV protection and photoaging prevention. Thus, our offering fulfills the needs of customers and consumers alike.”
From personal inspiration to global innovation: Dr. Jennie Christensen, founder and CEO of TrichAnalytics, on pioneering non-invasive tissue analysis with LA-ICP-MS - advancing sustainability, supplement validation, and environmental monitoring.
Founding Inspiration: What inspired you to establish TrichAnalytics in 2016, and how has your background in toxicology influenced the company's direction?
TrichAnalytics was born from a desire to apply advanced non-invasive methods of analysis to real-world challenges in health and the environment. My background in toxic metals and biological tissue analysis inspired me to develop more sensitive, less invasive techniques that could be applied to both human and wildlife health. I saw a gap in precision analysis that traditional methods couldn’t fill our innovative work using LAICPMS offered a transformative solution.
TrichAnalytics has expanded from Canada to international markets, including the United States, Europe, and Asia. What strategies have been pivotal in achieving this global presence?
Our global growth has been driven by scientific credibility, consistent innovation, and a commitment to customized service. We focused on strategic collaborations, word-of-mouth within professional networks, and maintaining the highest analytical standards through accreditation. This reputation has opened doors in diverse markets, from clinical research to nutritonal health to environmental monitoring.
Being honored with the University of Victoria’s President’s Distinguished Alumni Award in 2025 is a significant achievement. How does this recognition reflect the company's mission and your personal journey?
This award is deeply meaningful it reflects both the scientific innovation at TrichAnalytics and the mentorship, resilience, and values that shaped my journey. Moreover, it aligns with our mission to elevate science with impact, bridging research and application in ways that improve lives and ecosystems. I haven't always been open about my struggles with Trichotillomania as a child. However, overcoming that personal challenge inspired me to learn everything I could about hair and to channel my scientific background into meaningful work. That combination transformed something I once saw as a “negative” into something constructive and valuable. It’s no coincidence the company is called TrichAnalytics-“trich” comes from the Greek word for hair.
TrichAnalytics utilizes a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) for microscopic analysis. Can you elaborate on how this technology sets you apart in biological tissue analysis?
Our LA-ICP-MS system allows us to analyze tissues at a micron scale with exceptional precision. Other laboratories are unable to quantify metals at those small volumes. Unlike conventional techniques, our approach offers spatial resolution, minimal sample prep, and the ability to detect elemental changes over time in some tissues. It’s a true differentiator in the field of biological tissue analysis.
Your methods allow for less invasive and non-lethal monitoring programs. How has this approach impacted environmental and nutritional health studies?
Our non-invasive and non-lethal methods - such as hair, nail, and fish tissue plug analysis have significantly advanced both environmental and nutritional health studies. By using biological tissues that can be collected without harm, we enable more ethical, sustainable, and repeatable monitoring programs. This has proven especially valuable for wildlife research, where traditional sampling can be logistically challenging or ethically restrictive.
In environmental contexts, our methods allow for the detection of toxic metals in species without sacrificing fish, supporting conservation efforts and long-term ecosystem monitoring. In nutritional health, the use of hair analysis in humans and animals enables us to track exposure to toxic elements and assess nutritional status over time, often revealing correlations that would be missed through blood or urine alone.
This approach has opened doors to novel insights such as how diet affects metal excretion or how external contamination can negatively affect the interpretation of health risks. Ultimately, non-lethal sampling supports more frequent, widespread, and accessible testing, enhancing the ability of researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to make informed, data-driven decisions.
TrichAnalytics offers analyses on various samples, including fish tissues, benthic invertebrates, and algae. How do these services contribute to environmental monitoring and conservation efforts?
TrichAnalytics’ specialized analysis of fish tissues, benthic invertebrates, algae, and other environmental samples plays a critical role in monitoring ecosystem health and supporting conservation efforts. These organisms serve as key bioindicators - meaning they reflect the condition of their surrounding environment through the chemical elements accumulated in their tissues.
By using LA-ICP-MS, our laboratory is able to detect and quantify trace levels of toxic metals (e.g., mercury, lead, selenium) and other contaminants. This enables researchers, regulators, and conservationists to identify pollution sources and trace how contaminants move through aquatic food webs. It also allows for the monitoring of long-term environmental trends without the need to sacrifice large numbers of organisms, making the process more ethical and sustainable. In addition, our analyses help assess the impact of industrial, agricultural, or urban activities on aquatic ecosystems and provide the robust, sitespecific data needed to inform effective habitat restoration efforts and policy decisions.
Our methods are applied across a range of species and tissue types that allow for comprehensive ecosystem assessments with minimal ecological disruption. This supports the development of sustainable monitoring programs that align with conservation goals while maintaining scientific rigor. Ultimately, our services help bridge the gap between laboratory science and real-world environmental stewardship - providing the data needed to protect biodiversity and ensure the long-term health of aquatic ecosystems.
Your laboratory specializes in analyzing hair for elemental concentrations. What insights can be gained from these analyses regarding human health and exposure to environmental contaminants?
Hair serves as a long-term biological archive, storing valuable information about your body’s exposure to nutrients and toxins over weeks or even months. Unlike blood, which is tightly regulated by
the body and reflects only shortterm status, hair is not influenced by daily fluctuations or homeostasis. This makes it a powerful tool for understanding chronic exposure and nutritional trends.
At TrichAnalytics, we use advanced laser-based technology to accurately measure elemental concentrations in these tissues. What sets us apart is our ability to separate what’s actually inside the body from what’s merely sitting on the surfacesuch as contaminants from pollution, water, or hair treatments. This distinction is critical for accurate, meaningful results.
Through this analysis, we can detect exposure to harmful metals such as mercury, lead, and arsenic; identify imbalances in essential minerals like zinc, selenium, and copper; and evaluate the effectiveness of supplements by tracking changes over time. In addition, we can assess whether concerns related to hair health may be connected to internal nutritional issues, offering a more complete picture of overall wellbeing.
Your Quality Management System is accredited with ISO/IEC 17025 through CALA. How does this accreditation enhance client trust and ensure the reliability of your analyses?
Our ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation gives clients the acknowledgement from a third-party (i.e., CALA), through rigorous audits, that our quality management system follows international guidelines for the competence of a testing laboratory. This means that our quality control and quality assurance practices are held to international standards. Our test methods are validated and our sample traceability is thoroughly documented. Our clients understand the requirements necessary to achieve ISO/IEC 17025 status and therefore, there is no doubt as to the reliability of our analyses.
TrichAnalytics emphasizes bespoke client service. Can you share examples of how you've tailored your services to meet specific client needs
or unique project requirements?
At TrichAnalytics, tailoring our services to each client’s unique objectives is at the core of what we do. We specialize in providing a scope of work to clients to meet their specific goals whether in environmental science, clinical studies, or animal health.
For environmental clients, we often work with very small or delicate samples like fish ovaries or frog eggs - that other labs can’t process. Our methods are tailored to handle these unique tissues, ensuring accurate results even from micro-samples.
In clinical and nutraceutical trials, we design custom testing protocols for each supplement to assess its bioavailability, uptake into the body and tracking real changes in nutritional and toxic metal levels over time.
Our personalized approach ensures that each project is scientifically robust and truly aligned with the client’s needs.
With rapid advancements in analytical technologies, how does TrichAnalytics plan to stay at the forefront of innovation in environmental and nutritional health analysis?
We continually invest in R&D, partner with academic institutions, and remain agile in method development. Our focus is not just on adopting new technologies - but on applying them in novel ways to solve evolving health and environmental challenges.
What are some of the current challenges in the field of biological tissue analysis, and how is TrichAnalytics addressing them?
One major challenge in biological tissue analysis is sample volume. Generally, it can be very difficult to collect enough tissues, like benthic invertebrates, for conventional analysis. It is time-consuming for the collector, costineffective for industry, and long turn-around-times for the results. We address all these issues where our methods require less than 50 milligrams of tissue sample (opposed to 2-5 grams). Field collection could be a single benthic in-
vertebrate, a fish tissue biopsy, a scrap of algae off a rock, a single hair strand, a single fish scale, a single fin ray (nonlethal), or even a single mayfly! Using our green chemistry approach, sample preparation is quick and efficient leading to very fast turnaround-times, typically less than 2 weeks.
Environmental sustainability is a core commitment for TrichAnalytics. How do you incorporate sustainable practices into your laboratory operations and research methodologies?
We integrate green chemistry principles into our lab protocols. No hazardous waste is produced and we do not use toxic reagents like sulfuric acid; unlike other laboratories conducting similar metal analysis. Our use of micro-sampling techniques reduces material needs, lethality and invasiveness, supporting sustainable science practices across all our projects.
What are the key benefits for food supplement brands that choose to use TrichAnalytics' testing and analysis services, particularly in terms of product credibility, consumer trust, and competitive advantage?"
TrichAnalytics provides supplement brands with a powerful, science-driven way to demonstrate whether their products are truly effective in the body. Unlike standard testing that focuses on analyzing the supplement itself for ingredient quality, we use hair analysis to measure actual biological uptake - in other words, we quantify whether the nutrients in a product are bioavailable and evaluate specific elemental concentrations which can be monitored over time.
This is a major advantage for brands seeking to validate their products beyond marketing claims. Our testing shows whether, for example, a magnesium supplement increases magnesium levels in the body, or whether a detox product effectively reduces stored heavy metals like lead or mercury.
Our clients also receive scientifically generated Statements of Claim, which can be used to support marketing efforts, consumer communication, and regulatory submissions. Our analysis offers a realworld measure of supplement performance, helping consumers make informed choices and allowing brands to stand out in a crowded market with validated results rather than marketing strategies.
By partnering with TrichAnalytics, supplement brands gain a trusted, independent assessment of their products' real impact - building consumer trust, enhancing product positioning, and supporting strategic growth with data that stands up to scrutiny.
TrichAnalytics Inc. https://www.trichanalytics.com/ julie.christensen@trichanalytics.com Tel. +33 6 59 94 61 95
Chronic sun exposure causes not only surface skin damage but also deeper structural changes, such as breakdown of collagen, loss of elasticity, and chronic inflammation. While topical sunscreens remain the gold standard in UV protection, there is growing scientific evidence for the usage of oral supplements as a complementary internal defence.
In this context, Nutroxsun® - a patented blend of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) extracts - has emerged as a clinically trialled option, with the recent release of its results in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Navarro et al., 2025).
In vitro experiments demonstrated that Nutroxsun® significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8) in UVB-irradiated skin cells. It also inhibited the activity of MMP-1 and MMP-3 enzymes directly involved in collagen and elastin breakdown, sparing the extracellular matrix. Moreover, fibroblasts treated with Nutroxsun® maintained elevated levels of elastin and procollagen I even after UV exposure, supporting its activity in structural skin protection.
A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial in 20 individuals (phototypes I to III) also supported the efficacy of the ingredient. All participants took 100 mg and 250 mg of Nutroxsun® over two intervention periods. Efficacy was evidenced by the significant reduction of UVBinduced redness (erythema) of the skin after just 24 hours of supplementation, particularly at the higher 250 mg dose. In light skin types (phototypes I and II), Nutroxsun® led to clinically faster recovery of the skin, with erythema back close to baseline at 72 hours. No side effects were observed throughout
the study.
This study validates the synergistic effect of rosemary and grapefruit polyphenols - i.e., rosmarinic acid and naringin in opposing sun-induced skin damage. Not only does Nutroxsun® reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, it also actively helps ensure collagen and elastin fibre preservation, protecting the skin from the inside.
Unlike topical products that have mere surface action, Nutroxsun® is systemic in protection. With daily intake, it makes the skin respond faster to UV stress and retards the onset of photoaging. Its effectiveness is especially useful for individuals with fair or UV-sensitive skin, but its advantages extend to anyone desiring proactive skin health management.
Nutroxsun® is a new generation of nutricosmetic ingredient - a fusion of the science of nutrition with modern skin care. Clinically proven efficacy, safety, and rapid action make it a compelling choice for those seeking a holistic approach to UV protection that goes beyond the promise of SPF alone.
Reference:
Navarro, P., Castillo, J., Jones, J., García, A., & Caturla, N. (2025). Skin Photoprotection and AntiAging Benefits of a Combination of Rosemary and Grapefruit Extracts: Evidence from In Vitro Models and Human Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(9), 4001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094001
The nutraceutical community welcomes the growth, energy and opportunities offered by new location, with a further 20% expansion of show floor already announced for 2026.
Informa Markets celebrates its biggest and most successful edition of Vitafoods Europe in the event’s 28-year history. Vitafoods Europe 2025 attracted a record-breaking 25,500 attendees and 1,400 exhibitors to the event’s debut in Fira Barcelona, Gran Via. With over 75,000m2 of exhibition space – a 25% expansion from last year – offering fresh insights, innovations, and community spirit, this year’s edition was praised by attendees for its unprecedented energy, enthusiasm, and ‘electric atmosphere’.
The move to Barcelona marks a milestone moment for the world’s nutraceutical event and next year’s show promises to be even bigger – with an additional hall representing a 20% growth in floor space already confirmed for 2026.
Speaking on the success of the event, Gareth Baguley, Brand Director at Informa Markets, says, “Vitafoods Europe is always a vibrant event, but this year the atmosphere on the show floor was more electric and enthusiastic than ever, and it felt like a real celebration of our industry. Social media has been
a-buzz with resounding praise from visitors and exhibitors for an elevated experience – including increased traffic to stands, endless insights, and even more opportunities to make global connections across the nutraceutical community.”
This year’s Vitafoods Europe delivered more than just record numbers - it showcased bold new content, and thoughtful improvements to elevate the visitor experience across the board.
The brand-new Nutraceutical Showcase Theatre made a dynamic debut, offering expertly curated sessions that spanned the entire supply chain – from ingredient breakthroughs to manufacturing excellence. Meanwhile, the Women’s Health Spotlight shone a light on one of the industry’s fastest-growing sectors, exploring how to close the gap in women’s health innovation. These latest installations joined returning favourites, including the Vitafoods Europe Conference, Vitafoods Insights Theatre, New
Products Zone, and a significantly expanded Finished Products Area – all showcasing the full breadth of innovation in the global nutraceutical market.
Digital enhancements further elevated the Vitafoods Europe 2025 experience. A new AI-powered lead intelligence platform launched this year –Smartcore Lead Insights – which helped exhibitors to optimise their lead management to maximise ROI and drive more meaningful connections. Additional accessibility improvements to the event’s mobile app allowed attendees to manage meetings, capture leads and navigate the show floor with ease, while printed badges were reinstated in response to feedback. This allowed attendees to retrieve leads quickly with the ability to scan badges directly through the app, making it easier than ever to spark spontaneous connections.
2025 marked another major milestone with the launch of the firstever Vitafoods Europe Innovation Awards. Introduced not only to celebrate nutraceutical excellence, the awards spotlighted game-
changing breakthroughs in ingredients, products, partnerships, and sustainability, and inspired further collaboration and innovation across the industry. With hundreds of entries across seven competitive categories, the winners represented the very best in nutraceutical excellence and forward-thinking companies. See the full list of winning companies here.
“Barcelona has provided the perfect backdrop –with its amazing food, culture, diversity, and of course, beautiful weather,” Baguley continues. “We are very grateful to the team at Fira and the Barcelona Convention Bureau for their outstanding support in welcoming us to their wonderful city. This year set a new standard and underlined our purpose in the industry – and with a bigger floorplan already confirmed for next year, we can’t wait to welcome everyone back for an even bigger and better event in 2026!”
Vitafoods Europe returns to Barcelona 5-7 May 2026 and is poised to elevate the nutraceuticals industry to new heights yet again. With more space and ambitious new plans, the event promises even more opportunities to inspire, connect, and shape the future of nutrition. For more information and 2025 highlights, visit: www.vitafoods.eu.com
Sambucusnigra, commonly known as elderberry, is a medicinal shrub traditionally valued for its immune-boosting flowers and antiviral berries. Both elderflowers and elderberries are widely used in herbal remedies and culinary preparations, including the classic elderflower syrup celebrated for its refreshing taste and therapeutic qualities.
TAXONOMY
kingdom: Plantae
order: Dipsacales
family: Adoxaceae
genus: Sambucus
species: Sambucusnigra
COMMON NAME
Elder, Black elder, European elder, Elderberry, Sambucus, Bazga (Croatian)
FLOWERING TIME
V–VI month
Sambucus nigra is a 4-6 meter tall deciduous shrub or small tree in the family Adoxaceae. It has pinnate leaves with 57 toothed leaflets and flattopped white, scented corymbs of flowers in late summer to early autumn. These are followed by shiny black to dark purple berries in late summer to autumn.
Both fruits and flowers have a wide application in folk medicine and recipes, but the stems and leaves contain poisonous compounds when consumed raw.
Sambucus nigra naturally occurs in Europe but has become widely naturalized throughout temperate regions of North America and Western Asia today. It thrives in damp, rich soils and is usually found growing on riverbanks, woodland borders, hedgerows, and meadows.
It can be grown in gardens or fields with proper sunlight and soil drainage. Wild gathering should be carried out responsibly, especially where the berries are being harvested for medicinal or culinary purposes.
Elderflowers and elderberries have been valued in European folk medicine for centuries. Elderflowers are traditionally used to treat colds, flu, sinusitis, and inflammation, while elderberries are renowned for their antiviral, immune-boosting, and antioxidant properties.
Traditional medicinal uses
• Relief of cold and flu symptoms
• Support for the immune system
Diaphoretic (causes sweating) and antiinflammatory
• Promotion of sinus drainage and relief from congestion
• Mild diuretic and laxative.
The fragrant flowers of Sambucus nigra have been traditionally used across Europe to prepare a refreshing, aromatic syrup. This elderflower syrup has been a staple in folk medicine and household kitchens for centuries.
Preparation typically involves steeping freshly picked elderflowers in a sugar and lemon solution, often with citric acid, and allowing it to infuse for 24–48 hours before straining and bottling.
Ingredients
Flavonoids (specifically quercetin and rutin)
• Anthocyanins (berries)
• Phenolic acids
• Triterpenes
• Mucilage (flowers)
Vitamins A and C
Action and application
Elderberry extracts have been demonstrated to reduce the severity and length of cold and flu symptoms when taken at onset. Their antioxidant and an-
tiinflammatory effects are attributed to their high anthocyanin content, which aids in respiratory and immune function.
Elderflower infusions are generally taken for their mild diuretic action to lower fever and unblock nasal passages. Elderberry syrups, lozenges, and capsules are extensively used in immune-boosting products, especially in winter and flu season.
Raw elderberries and other plant parts (particularly unripe fruit, bark, and leaves) carry cyanogenic glycosides, which are toxic if eaten in large amounts or unprepared. Ripe berries and dried flowers are all that must be consumed, and they should always be properly prepared.
Krawitz, C., Mraheil, M.A., Stein, M., Imirzalioglu, C., Domann, E., Pleschka, S., & Hain, T. (2011). Inhibitory activity of a standardised elderberry liquid extract against human pathogenic bacteria and influenza A and B viruses. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 11, 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-11-16
Vlachojannis, J.E., Cameron, M., & Chrubasik, S. (2010). A systematic review on the sambuci fructus effect and efficacy profiles. Phytotherapy Research, 24(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2729
