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PURSUING JUSTICE AND EQUITY WITH INTEGRITY
...in another mukula scam
Kasama MP warns UPND chief
NAWAKWI PLEADS FOR PENSIONERS Vol. 6. Issue 2702
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Mr. Sampa
Monday September 7, 2020
Mr. Mucheleka
By NATION REPORTER
EDITH Nawakwi has pleaded for urgent Government action to stop the continued deaths and destitution of scores of pensioners, who are victims of Zambia’s largest “Saturnia Pension Fund”, In which UPND president Hakainde Hichilema has major interest. (To page 3)
…apologise or else, Mucheleka told [Page 4]
Orchestrated by companies in which Hakainde Hichilema has major interest. MS NAWAKWI
..105 pensioners die as they wait for their dues ‘HH law suit can’t Security agencies Kenyatta and Odinga Compromised intimidate us’ pledge to heal divisions The two trucks the Scania from South Africa and the Freightliner (right), Zimbabwean registered where found laden with Mukula tree logs. [Pictures Linda Tembo Soko]
By SIMON MUNTEMBA
See story on Page 4
Who owns this Anglo American building being managed by Saturnia?
..Bring private investigators to probe dubious sales, failure to probe cases
GOVERNMENT should institute an independent probe and avoid using the ACC and DEC which have shown themselves to be instruments of compromised “deep state” into the sale of Konkola Copper Mines (KCM) as well as the management of Saturnia Pension Fund which has left pensioners destitute and sent many to their early graves, former State House Deputy Minister Blackson Sikanyika has said. (P.2)
IMF talks on again
NOT until Hakainde Hichilema gives us substantial answers to specific questions such as his alleged misconduct in the sale of Mosi-oa-tunya Intercontinental Hotel in Livingstone will the matter be put to rest, otherwise we shall not be intimidated by his law suits, says Sean Tembo. (P.4)
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See story on Page 19
Commonwealth sidelines ZCID on dialogue preps
THE CASE OF KCM See story on Page 4
…KCM valued at $1.2bn sold for $25m - Now that’s privatisation that hurts ConCourt must explain
ConCourt must explain Chilanga vacancy - YALI
By EMMANUEL MWAMBA
IN 2003, an unknown Indian mining and non-ferrous metals company, Vedanta Resources Limited Seebought storyZambia’s on Page 2 largest copper mine. (To page 7)
THE PEOPLE’S PAPER; BUILDING THE NATION WITH REAL ISSUES
6 |
Monday 7, September 2020
Home News
Kazungula-Sesheke Zambia, Botswana boost trade volumes road poised for repair By BUUMBA CHIMBULU
By ANDREW MUKOMA
THE Road Development Agency (RDA) has pledged its commitment to rehabilitating roads in Western and Southern [provinces, particularly the Kazungula Sesheke road. RDA board vice chairperson, Yamfwa Mukanga, said Government and the RDA were about the deteriorating link between Southern and the Western provinces. Speaking after a drive on the road up to Sikaunzwe at the weekend, Mr Mukanga said the RDA would work on the road. Mr Mukanga said that the Kazungula-Sesheke road required quality works and not patching up the potholes only. “This road does not need mere patching but it needs a lot of layers because even pavements can be compromised. “For the people, they should be aware and be confident Government is aware about the poor state this road. We haven’t neglected them but it’s just that there are a lot of needs,” he said. Mr Mukanga said that Kazungula Sesheke road was an important link which Government could not neglect. The RDA board vice chairperson said that Government would be able to do what it takes to make sure the road is worked on. Mr Mukanga said that the RDA was committed to ensuring that the road was worked on.
Mr Hichilema
HH challenged to ‘come clean’
By NATION REPORTER
HAKAINDE Hichilema should clear his name if he thinks there was no wrong doing in the sale of national assets just as other political leaders have done before, including former Heads of State, a Consortium of Political Parties and Non- Governmental Organizations has said. Consortium spokesperson, Spuki Mulemwa, said Zambians expected opposition the UPND leader, to account for how he disposed of public assets. Former Finance minister, Edith Nawakwi revealed that Mr Hichilema did not declare interest in the sale of Intercontinental Hotel in Livingstone to Sun International despite having interest in the asset. According to Ms Nawakwi,
the opposition leader only advised Government that the lowest bidder was the best because the firm would invest US$50 million and create more jobs unlike other bidders. The privatisation documents for Intercontinental Hotel indicate that Sun International of South Africa, with a bid of US$5.65 million for the hotel was the lowest bidder. The transaction document states that Victoria Falls Travel Bureau, a private company incorporated in Zambia bid US$20 million but was sidelined. Mr Mulemwa said Mr Hichilema’s involvement in the privatization of State enterprises was marred with a lot of irregularities and raises moral issues. “It’s for this reason we advise Hichilema to desist from speaking through his surrogates who are now issuing threats and hurling insults on those that are demanding for answers from him on the role he played in privatization of national assets,” he said. Mr Mulemwa urged Hichilema to stop playing double standard tactics on being accountable to the Zambian people as he often accuses Government officials, including President Edgar Lungu of not being accountable to the people.
TRADE volumes between Zambia and Botswana are expected to be above the current US$ 24 million following the virtual trade and investment promotion mission which ended last week. Zambia has recorded a positive trade balance with Botswana as evidenced by the export volumes rising from $13 million in 2015 to $ 24 million in 2019. This is according to High Commissioner of Zambia to Botswana, Mwansa Kapeya. Mr Kapeya said the just-ended mission was expected to increase the trade volumes and investment prospects between Zambia and Botswana. He explained that the promotion was just the beginning of the many endeavors for both countries to mutually benefit from each other’s comparative advantage. Mr Kapeya cited Zambia’s major exports to Botswana as copper, oil seeds and oleaginous fruits. He said that through the initiation of mutually beneficial bilateral agreements
By AARON CHIYANZO FALSEHOODS by the opposition should be counteracted to so that they do not instill fear among citizens and make the ruling party unpopular, a Patriotic Front official and former Mandevu constituency secretary Lemmy Bwalya has said. Mr Bwalya said the economic status and activities in Zambia could be seen to be volatile due to lack of basic information about what was happening in neighbouring countries, regions and globally. He said the challenges the country was currently going through were even worse in other countries and the Covid-19 pandemic had affected everyone. Mr Bwalya however observed
ZAMBIA National Public Health Institute (ZNPHI) says the sex distribution of COVID-19 cases in Zambia shows that men are more susceptible to the pandemic than women. ZNPHI Public Health Specialist Davy Simwaba said out of a total of 11,082 cases recorded in Zambia by the time of the survey, men have a proportion of 63 percent compared with women at 37 percent. Dr Simwaba disclosed the statistics in Kalabo District when he disseminated national guidelines and standard operating procedures in combating further spread of the pandemic. The medical practitioner however said it was yet to be established why men were more susceptible to COVID-19 than women. He said the pandemic had continued to evolve adding that the positivity rate stood at 23.5 percent by August 2020 up from 1.8 percent recorded in early June 2020 and the peak having been end of July 2020 with 25.4 percent. “Between March and August 2020, laboratory confirmed cases indicated that community screening accounted for 35 percent while hospital screening and contact tracing accounted
both countries could harness potential exports such as sugar, cement, honey, dried vegetables and detergents from the Zambian side. “I therefore encourage local business enterprises to take advantage of this mission to showcase the various avenues for possible business partnerships with their selected Botswana counterparts,” Mr Kapeya said. He encouraged the Zambia Development Agency (ZDA) and the Botswana Investment and Trade Centre (BITC) to take advantage of the mission to establish a good relationship for future trade and investment missions. High Commissioner of Botswana to Zambia, Alpheus Matlhaku, observed the need for enhanced intra-African trade could not be over-emphasised as the continent continued with efforts to reach high standards of living for citizens. Mr Matlhaku said Botswana and Zambia enjoyed cordial and fraternal relations dating back to the pre-Independence era and formalised at Independence in 1966.
He explained that the relations between the two countries covered a wide span of cultural, political, commercial and economic issues. “The nearly completed Kazungula Bridge Project and the One Stop Border Posts bear testimony to the deep and cordial relations that our two countries have enjoyed over the years. “It is imperative for all of us to ensure that the improved connectivity brought about by the Kazungula Bridge is fully exploited for mutual benefit,” Mr Matlhaku said. And, ZDA acting Director General, Mukula Makasa, assured the Zambian private sector that his organization would continue facilitating trade to offer a range of business development support services. The Trade and Investment Mission organized and hosted by the ZDA in collaboration with the BITC, the Botswana High Commission in Zambia and the Zambia Chamber of Commerce and Industry was focused on trade and investment opportunities available in the two countries.
Challenge opposition falsehoods, PF told that the opposition in Zambia were trying to paint a picture that it was only this country that had economic challenges and that the PF Government had failed. “It’s saddening and unfortunate to continue watching the opposition political parties mudslinging our country and the economy to some extent of instilling fear in Zambians, taking advantage of the illiterate among many
citizens. “In BEMBA we say, umwana ashenda, atasha nyina ukunaya. Meaning, if you are not exposed to what others do, you will continue praising that which is not enough,” he said. Mr Bwalya said it was high time that the PF being the party in Government set up a desk of foreign affairs at the secretariat, to collaborate with Foreign Affairs ministry to exchange notes.He said there was need
to make information about world economies available to citizens, so that they can judge PF and President Edgar Lungu fairly. Mr Bwalya said Zambia, amidst the Covid-19 pandemic was still doing its level best to continue having a stable economy. He also implored citizens to develop a culture of reading and do more of research to avoid being devalued, through cheap propaganda.
‘Men more susceptible to COVID-19 in Zambia’
for 31 and 21 percent, respectively. Furthermore, truck drivers accounted for 7, HCW (Healthcare Worker) screening 4, international travel 1, and mass screening 1 percent,” he said. Dr Simwaba said the median age of people thus far infected with COVID-19 in Zambia stands at 37 years. He further said Lusaka recorded the highest number of confirmed cases followed by Copperbelt while Western and Eastern provinces recorded the lowest numbers of covid-19. Meanwhile, Dr Simwaba outlined that government through Ministry of Health had put in place various covid-19 surveillance and response measures to curb further transmission of the disease. “These measures include surveillance at points of entry, hospitals and community, contact tracing and responding to alerts. Others are monitoring
positive cases in home isolation, special mass screening and testing, maintenance of toll-free phone line and other phone numbers, mortuary surveillance as well as undertaking of a Sero-prevalence survey of covid-19 in Zambia,” he said. And Ministry of Health Senior Environmental Health Practitioner Sylvia Banda Tembo said points of entry continue to contribute to the importation of COVID-19 cases in Zambia. Ms Tembo however said government had put in place various measures aimed at curbing the pandemic. “These measures include screening and interview of all travellers, including collection of samples. Others are temperature check, physical examinations, detection of all ill travellers, reporting of alerts for all travellers as well as isolation of suspected covid-19 cases. “In case of death at the point
of entry, the human remains shall be managed according to standard recommendations provided for under national guidelines for handling of human remains and the Public Health Act Cap 295 of the Laws of Zambia. Import and export of human remains dying from covid-19 is not allowed,” she said. Meanwhile, Ms Tembo has implored healthcare facilities to improve water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities¸ essential sanitation control measures and strictly adhere to principles of waste management in order to help combat transmission of covid-19. “Covid-19 has spread rapidly around the world, affecting every community directly or indirectly. Stringent public health and social measures have therefore been put in place to slow the spread of covid-19,” she said. - ZANIS
DAILY
…KCM valued at $1.2bn sold for $25m - Now that’s privatisation that hurts
Wednesday 2, September 2020
Features
THE CASE OF KCM Anglo-America also pledged to invest US$500m in the Konkola Deep Mining Project, an area with vast copper/cobalt deposits which would extend the life of the mine.
By EMMANUEL MWAMBA
IN 2003, an unknown Indian mining and nonferrous metals company, Vedanta Resources Limited bought Zambia’s largest copper mine. The company pledged to pay US$25 million for 51 percent shares of the mine. Konkola Copper Mines (KCM) had mine assets at Nchanga, Konkola, Nkana mines and the Nampundwe pyrite mine. It also had the Nchanga, Nkana smelters and Nkana Refinery. The World Bank had hired a London consultant firm, N.M. Rothschild to assess the value of the ZCCM assets during the failed sale to Kafue Consortium in 1996 and the subsequent sale to Anglo-America in 1998-99. The share value of KCM was deemed at US$1.2 billion but with a market value of US$650m owing to the persistent and prevailing low copper price.
WHY KCM WAS BEING SOLD
Shortly after the 2001 elections, Anglo-America Corporation announced that it was abandoning KCM, a mine it had just bought in October 1999 and was pulling out of Zambia. Anglo-America through its subsidiary, Zambia Copper Investment (ZCI) had bought an 80 percent stake (Nchanga, Konkola Divisions and Nampundwe) for US$90m (US$30m cash and US$60m deferred payment to be paid five years later beginning 2006). The deal also included a copper/cobalt price participation and sharing scheme to cap at US$125m. The new shareholding in the new company now called Konkola Copper Mines (KCM) was ZCI, 65 percent, ZCCM-IH 20 percent and 7.5 percent held by the World Bank’s International Finance Corporation (IFC). The new owners pledged to develop and modernise the mines. Anglo-America also pledged to invest US$500m in the Konkola Deep Mining Project, an area with vast copper/cobalt deposits which would extend the life of the mine. At the same time,
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Glencore and First Quantum bought Mufulira Division and Nkana Mines to form Mopani Copper Mines (MCM) and pledged an investment of US$153m.
ANGLOAMERICA ABANDONS KCM IN 2002
But both the AngloAmerica and IFC exited abruptly after the 2001 elections. On January 24, 2002, Anglo-America announced that, in view of the alleged substantial losses suffered by KCM, the weak outlook for the copper and cobalt markets and the nonavailability of project finance for the Konkola Deep Mining Project, the company could
ANGLO-AMERICA
On January 24, 2002, Anglo-America announced that, in view of the alleged substantial losses suffered by KCM, the weak outlook for the copper and cobalt markets and the non-availability of project finance for the Konkola Deep Mining Project, the company could not justify investing further funds in KCM over and above those committed at the time of vesting.
not justify investing further funds in KCM over and above those committed at the time of vesting.
ENTER VEDANTA
Vedanta Resources and its chairman Anil Agarwal visited Zambia in 2003. Later an announcement was made that Vedanta Resources would acquire 51 percent stake to take control of KCM. Veteran businessman and entrepreneur, Andrew Sardanis in his book; “A Venture in Africa” discusses this unusual sale. “The government through ZCCM-IH and ZCI (Anglo’s subsidiary) handed over 51 percent control of KCM by allowing Vedanta to subscribe to new capital for $25 million.” “Vedanta also paid $23.2m to ZCI (AngloAmerica)” ZCI shares were diluted
but remained with 28.4 percent, ZCCM-IH held 20.6 percent and Vedanta held 51 percent! The book reveals that instead of paying the $25m to Government as committed, Vedanta instead paid only $16.8m!
VEDANTA MAKES PROFITS
Since Vedanta is listed in London, it is obliged to provide financial information. After buying KCM for $25m, revenue from its businesses jumped and started making over US$3, 701.8 (US$3.7b) million in every fiscal year and by 2009 the revenue reached US$6, 578.9m ($6.5bn).
CONCLUSION
Imagine that the Zambian government was paid US$25m for 51 percent shares in KCM while
Anglo-America (Zambia Copper Investment) was paid $213m for its remaining 28.4 percent shares (in addition to the US$23.2m paid in 2003)! By 2008, Vedanta Redources now held a shareholding of 80 percent while ZCCM-IH held the 20 percent. Now that’s the trouble with privatisation crimes or any corporate crimes! They are complex, detailed and might be difficult to unravel as they involve lawyers, multinationals, businessmen and public officials. The trick is simple! It appears that state assets are obtained at cheap prices but covered by making huge investment pledges that in many cases is never fulfilled while the investor milks the assets to the bone! *The author is Zambia’s ambassador to Ethiopia and the African Union.
By 2008, Vedanta Redources now held a shareholding of 80 percent while ZCCMIH held the 20 percent.
Monday 7 September, 2020
20
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AS technology advances in the modern world so does the crime techniques. Some people abuse social media to commit crime by posting false information regarding scholarships, job prospects and business deals, among others. Some people have been swindled out of huge sums of their hard earned money. This is very unfortunate and the trend must be curtailed. Not too long ago, the social media was awash with people's comments as regards the police recruitment exercise across the country. The job advert on social media was purported to have been issued by the Inspector General of Police, Mr. Kakoma Kanganja. The advert also stated that
CULPRITS The motive behind the clandestine activities is to swindle people of their hard earned money. Moving forward; the culprits who abuse social media to swindle people should be nabbed and prosecuted upon conviction.
Dear Editor, I RECENTLY visited Lusaka's central business district (CBD) and it is still lame with the same uncaring attitude by its people. I am talking about adhering to health guidelines in view of the killer Covid-19. The careless talk of declaring Coronavirus being the sole preserve for the “apamwam-
LUSAKA CBD REVISITED ba” is still on the lips of the majority of people even when the number of BIDs (brought in dead) from our sprawling compounds is on the upward. Masks have been thrown away by many while social distancing has been thrown to the winds.
This is a frightening scenario which I think the government should work on with serious urgency it deserves to avoid the imminent human calamity. For those doubting Thomases they will wake up too late because Covid-19 is real and is
here. Apart from this, it is mountains of uncollected garbage which are posing another threat to the lives of people as rains are just round the corner - you guessed right cholera will easily join Covid-19 and kill more people. At the rate we are carrying on, total lockdown will become inevitable. “LUSAKA RESIDENT.”
Mr. Kanganja demanded money from the potential applicants. What is certain is that the police recruitment exercise is free. This has been the trend when it comes to the recruitment of the police officers. It is illogical to insinuate that the Inspector General of Police demanded money from those interested to
join the Zambia Police Service. However, the Police Service through its public relations unit refuted such an advert for recruitment of the police and described the advert as "fake." The police command warned the general public to ignore such an advert. It is mind boggling that there has been a trend in Zambia where some scrupulous individuals use pictures of prominent public figures such as politicians to post adverts on social media for economic empowerment, jobs and scholarship, among others. In most cases, there is a fee being demanded from the applicants before they can get employed for instance. The motive behind the clandestine activities is to swindle people of their hard earned money. Moving forward; the culprits who abuse social media to swindle people should be nabbed and prosecuted upon conviction. Ultimately, this will deter the would-be offenders. Abash abuse of social media. ELEMIYA PHIRI, Lusaka.
TRIBALISM, HATRED WREAK DESOLATION IN ZAMBIA LIMITED
JOBS TENDERS CONTRACTS BUSINESS OPPORTINITIES PUPILS FORUM LIFESTYLE
Dear Editor,
Tuesday Thursday Thursday Daily Daily Sunday
NATION www.dailynation.info/online
THE issue of tribalism and hate speech, it seems, is here to stay. Some politicians have made it their daily bread as they set their eyes at State House. They even have the cheek to declare themselves winners of the 2021 elections before convincing the voters, the king makers. This almost gives me an impression that nothing
STATE HOUSE Craving for State House is one issue and delivering to people’s expectation is a different matter altogether. I know some politicians think it will be a walkover on PF because of the usual gullible social media which is accessed by a few owners of smart phones, mainly along the line of railway.
will ever change our voting pattern which has become regional. Recently, I heard one leader of an opposition party that if he did not come from his tribal region, all issues relating to him to be probed would not have been raised. I think that was a total misdirection and carelessness of the worst form. That surely sent a bad message of things to come in the unlikely event he was voted into office. The same leader has already spoken evil against Bemba
and Nyanja speakers. It really stinks. As we draw closer to the polling day, I can only imagine what would be taking place in our motherland. Craving for State House is one issue and delivering to people’s expectation is a different matter altogether. I know some politicians think it will be a walkover on PF because of the usual gullible social media which is accessed by a few owners of smart phones, mainly along the line of railway.
What about those people in Shangombo or in Chieftainess Nawaitwika and other remote areas of Zambia where such gadgets are out of their imagination. My appeal to all politicians is that they should concentrate on issue-based politics to convince Zambians to vote for them. Those who believe in tribal politics will have themselves to blame when they flank yet again. JAY BOND, Lusaka.
DAILY
Monday 7, September 2020
Be patriotic, South farmers told By NATION REPORTER FOOD Reserve Agency Agency (FRA) executive director Chola Kafwabulula has urged farmers in Southern Province to be patriotic and sell their maize to government as a way of guaranting national food security. Mr. Kafwabulula said the farmers must take advantage of the FRA's newly introduced concept of mobile maize purchase, which is aimed at reducing the cost of taking their produce to FRA depots. In this concept, the FRA is following farmers to their homes to buy their maize and clean, pack it, and transport the grain to the agency's depots using its own facilities. The concept is also meant to help FRA meet the 1 million metric tons of maize President Lungu and his government have given the agency to buy in this crop marketing season. To meet the target, the agency has already set aside enough funds to ensure farmers are paid upon delivery of the maize unlike in the past when they were delayed to be
paid. In his continued tour of Southern province to check on the maize purchase exercise in the region, on Saturday Mr. Kafwabulula met one of the farmers in Choma identified as Boyd Mubita who initially refused to sell his over 3,000 bags of maize to FRA at the set K110 per 50 kilograms bag. Mr. Mubita said the government set price was allegedly too low to mitigate the high price of fertilizer and seed. In response Mr. Kafwabulula told Mr. Mubita to look at the bigger picture of contributing to national food security, of which Southern province benefited from when drought hit the region last year. "When you sell to FRA it is like you are depositing in a bank, you are keeping that maize for yourself. If we have a drought government is going to feed people of this region because FRA is going to have sufficient stocks. He said the private buyers that farmers in the region were selling their maize to would not be there to feed them in case of a drought. He said the same maize the farmers shall sell to FRA would be sold back to them at a highly subsidized price in case of drought. "If you sell your maize to FRA, it is we the citizens who will have enough food in our homes and not government. If you sell to other players that maize can end up somewhere else," he said.
Mosi/N-West News
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KASEMPA SHUTS LIQUOR STORES By JACKSON MAPAPAYI
K
ASEMPA Town Council has closed all liquor stores in the district. The decision is curb the spread of Covid-19 in accordance with Statutory Instrument number two of 2020 of the laws of Zambia. Council Secretary, Tryson Chunga, said effective September 12, this year all stores should remain closed in line with the Presidential directive to prevent the spread of the pandemic. Mr Chunga the local authority had observed with dismay that liquor store operators were abrogating the law on operating hours and allowing clients to drink within their premises. He said the practice was against the Statutory Instrument number 21 and 22 of 2020. ‘’It is in this vein that all liquor store
When Covid-19 broke out in March this year, President Edgar Lungu directed that all bars and night clubs should stop operating. operators are given a period of one week to exhaust their existing stock before the stated date,’’ he said. Mr Chunga warned that those who would be found selling alcohol would be charged a penalty fee of K1, 000 and risk their licence being revoked immediately. When Covid-19 broke out in March this
year, President Edgar Lungu directed that all bars and night clubs should stop operating. Liquor stores were order to strictly operate on take-away basis while restaurants were shut but later opened and only allowed to sell restricted amount of beer to patrons that would order food.
Councillor wants stalled power project completed By JACKSON MAPAPA
A COUNCILLOR in Dipalata ward in Zambezi has appealed to the Rural Electrification Authority (REA) to compete the stalled project of electrifying his ward. Mr Evans Kaluwasha said that the electrification project had stalled for three years and appealed to the REA to resume
the works so that the area could have electricity. He said the contractor had abandoned the site and that nothing was being done. ‘’The contractor only erected poles as well as overhead cables, and that was three years ago. Since then, nothing has been done,’’ he said. Mr Kaluwasha said that he had tried to follow up the issue with the district administration,
but that there had been no positive results. He appealed to Government to intervene and help the people in his ward to be connected to the national electricity grid. The councillor said with the introduction of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in schools, it was imperative to have schools electrified in the area. “As the situation stands, pupils can’t learn this subject
despite some schools having computers because of lack of power. So, it is my humble appeal to the relevant authorities to come in and ensure that the project is completed,’’ he said Mr Kaluwasha said once the area was connected to the national grid, a number of investors would explore opportunities and bring investment to the ward.
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa RFP Ref: CS/ADM/14-07/04 The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) is a Regional Economic Community comprising 21 member states and its Secretariat is hosted by the Government of the Republic of Zambia in Lusaka, Zambia. COMESA was founded in 1994 as a successor to the Preferential Trade Area (PTA). COMESA's objectives include sustainable economic development through economic and social regional integration.
The bidding document will be sent to the interested companies once in receipt of the expression of interest.
COMESA seeks to appoint a professional security company to provide security services at its premises along Ben Bella Road. COMESA now invites eligible security companies for the provision of security services for an initial period of two (2) years. Interested Companies should send an Expression of Interest to: procurement@comesa.int
Chairperson - Procurement Committee, COMESA Secretariat, Ben Bella Road, P.O. Box 30051, Lusaka, Zambia,
Sealed Bids must be delivered to the address below on or before Thursday 17th September 2020 at 12:00 hrs. local time and should be marked “PROVISION OF SECURITY SERVICES – TENDER No. CS/ADM/14-07/04” DO NOT OPEN BEFORE 17th September 2020
Attention: Procurement Unit
Monday 7 September, 2020
FEATURES
By JOHNSTONE CHIKWANDA
Challenges in the SubSahara African (SSA) Petroleum value chain
I
N 2017, I was selected and invited as one of the speakers at a premier event; the 22nd World Petroleum Congress held in Istanbul, Turkey from July 9-13, 2017. This global event is held every three years and attracts very senior politicians, diplomats, captains of industry and several other stakeholders. I presented three papers in three different sessions. One of the papers I presented was on “Ethics and Human Rights in the Oil Industry-The case of Sub Sahara Africa.” I shared this paper with the readers two weeks ago. Today, I have decided to continue sharing from the paper I presented on Opportunities and Challenges in the SSA at the same event. I shared some aspects last week. This week, I will focus on challenges and conclusion of the paper on the SSA region. For the sake of those who may have missed reading the previous articles, I have reproduced the introduction. INTRODUCTION Sub-Saharan Africa is a vast region of approximately 27, 000, 000 square kilometres. Geographically, it is the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara Desert. Politically, it consists of African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara. According to the World Bank figures, the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had an estimated population of 973 million as of 2014. The United Nations (UN) predicts for the region a population of 1.5 and two billion by 2050. It is a well known fact that Africa’s population growth is higher than the average growth rate of other parts of the world. The SSA, where fertility rates are among the highest in the world, will account for a significant portion of world population growth in the long term. According to World Bank’s development indicators, women in the SSA average 5.2 children during their lifetime, compared to 1.6 in Europe or 1.9 in North America. While this increased population is a harbinger for increased energy requirement, it is also a harbinger for significant logistical challenges. The SSA, home to 49 countries is historically known for its relatively high GDP growth rate averaging five percent. It is fragmented into three major common markets - The SADC, COMESA and ECOWAS. According to KPMG Sub Sahara Africa Power Outlook (2014, p.12), “by 2050, over one billion
The SSA needs to increase refinery capacity including building new ones which could support regional economic growth and invest in projects such as pipelines, rail and fuel storage facilities.
This anthem has been resonating through all regional common markets and at the African Union (AU) summits and is therefore likely to be the continental philosophy which will guide, inform and mentor prospects of doing business with Africa. CHALLENGES
Africans will be of working age and one in four workers in the world will be Africans.” The SSA has enormous proven oil and gas reserves. Almost the entire African coast line has oil and gas in addition to several onshore resources across inland Africa. Several countries have in the recent past discovered and are developing oil and gas reserves. To this end, policy makers in such countries are anxious to harvest good dividends from the extractive resources for their economies. Paradoxically there has been observations that despite the abundant resources being exploited most countries have not been able to reduce debilitating poverty and that the wider society has not benefited from national arbitrage. In some instances this has precipitated instability and a clarion call for transformation of the industry. The narrative taking centre stage has been around establishing strong mutually beneficial smart partnerships as elucidated by the New Economical Partnership for Africa (NEPAD), local beneficiation, industrialisation and increased intra-trade.
The challenges facing oil and gas companies operating in Africa are diverse and numerous. For example, there are some criminal activities and malfeasance in some countries. As correctly observed by a PwC 2013 report, political interference, uncertainty and delays in passing laws, energy policies and regulations into law are stifling growth, development and investment in a number of countries around Africa. Many of the challenges facing the African oil and gas industry remain. However, sever-
FERTILITY It is a well known fact that Africa’s population growth is higher than the average growth rate of other parts of the world. The SSA, where fertility rates are among the highest in the world, will account for a significant portion of world population growth in the long term. al countries have sought to distinguish themselves and break away from this nuance in the African narrative. Therefore, strategic and longrange planning is extremely
important in today’s uncertain environment. Oil and gas companies must control costs, while continuing to weigh up the risks and benefits of new projects, new products and evaluating how much capital to invest. Behind such decisions lie a host of regulatory, safety, environmental and political stability considerations. In many African countries oil and gas policies are being reviewed and attempts to increase government take and local content are being introduced. The challenges in some parts of the region have taken their toll. Eight years ago, most of Africa was booming – 25 of the top 30 economies had accelerated their growth from the past decade. In 2016, however, the number of nations whose growth was similar reduced to 13 – Botswana, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Namibia, Senegal, Tanzania and Zambia – and Africa’s six largest economies have experienced slowing growth, partly reflecting lower resource prices and challenges precipitated by the Arab Spring. Challenges usually mirror opportunities. Because the oil and gas industry is a complex industry, there is quite a myriad of challenges. Some more specific challenges include the following: (1) Lack of adequate skills especially technical skills Skill shortages across the industry value chain are pervasive in almost all SSA countries. (2) Infrastructure - This area has been identified as a priority sector. Lack of adequate infrastructure in some cases has hampered intra Africa trade.
These are some of the bottlenecks being reduced by country specific action plans. (3) Limited refining and logistic infrastructure to support growing demand a. Limited conversion refineries b. Limited Tankage c. Limited product intra country pipelines and heavy reliance on road tracking d. Limited rail transportation (4) Electricity deficits - There has been a challenge in this area leading to energy poverty. Most countries have been trapped in the energy trilemma. This was impacting industry growth. However, most countries have been removing subsidies which supported low tariffs. With tariffs now transitioning to cost reflective status, increased investment in being recorded. CONCLUSION Economic activity and growth in the region continues to be underpinned by large investments in infrastructure and is supported by a continuation of strong domestic demand and higher production in the mineral resources, agriculture and service sectors. Growth in exports has been supported by strong demand from developing countries, in particular China, given its relatively high resource intensity in production and its fast growth rate. The world has started to look to Africa as a high-growth market due to opportunities opened up by strong growth in the region, improved regulation, a growing middle class
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INVESTORS Investors are encouraged to assist and work with African governments to set up Strategic Fuel Reserves that can last a minimum 90 days. It is a sad scenario that most of African countries have no strategically held fuel reserves which can last a number of months.
with higher discretionary income, the fast pace of urbanisation, which makes it easier to reach consumers, and one of the highest rates of return globally. Developments are also supported by the new political dynamic in many African countries, which is a good foundation for strong social, economic and ecological developments. Responsible governments are talking over and they are monitored by an active civil society. Additionally, enhanced regional cooperation enables Africa to speak with one voice and to emerge as an important player on the global political stage. The SSA needs to increase refinery capacity including building new ones which could support regional economic growth and invest in projects such as pipelines, rail and fuel storage facilities. These projects will strength regional integration and intra-Africa fuel trade. At the moment, a lot of African countries that produce crude oil export the product and then import refined fuel at great cost. It is anticipated that by 2025, increased demand for fuel would create serious logistical challenges in terms of critical shortage of storage facilities and transportation of fuel by road would not solve the problem in a significant way. Hence the case for investing in rail and pipeline remains valid. Furthermore, investors are encouraged to assist and work with African governments to set up Strategic Fuel Reserves that can last a minimum 90 days. It is a sad scenario that most of African countries have no strategically held fuel reserves which can last a number of months. They also do not seem to know how to set up robust national fuel reserves without putting pressure on the national treasury for capital expenditure and stock procurement. The opportunities are enormous and will continue to grow. Africa will remain an important source of oil and gas on the global market. A close analysis of resolutions and policies from national, regional and continental bodies indicate that Africa wants to increase intra Africa trade, infrastructure development, beneficiation and value addition regarding its abundant natural resources. Africa wants to increase its refining capacity to serve national and regional markets. __________________________ *Johnstone Chikwanda is an energy expert and a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Zambia.
PUPILS Monday 7 September, 2020
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Daily Nation, Educating Zambia!
SENIOR MATHEMATICS GRADE 10
SENIOR MATHEMATICS PREPARED BY: MR. BWALYA . K TOPIC: MATRICES
SUBTOPIC: INVERSE OF A 2 Ă— 2 MATRIX
INVERSE OF A đ?&#x;?đ?&#x;? Ă— đ?&#x;?đ?&#x;? MATRIX.
The inverse of a 2 Ă— 2 matrix is denoted by a letter to the power đ?‘Žđ?‘Ž đ?‘?đ?‘? ). Then its inverse is negative one. For example, if P is the matrix $ đ?‘?đ?‘? đ?‘‘đ?‘‘ +, denoted by đ?‘ƒđ?‘ƒ .
When finding the inverse of a 2 Ă— 2 matrix, the following steps must be followed:
(i) Find the determinant of the matrix. (ii) Find the co-matrix (iii) Multiply the co-matrix by the reciprocal of the determinant of the matrix. đ?‘Žđ?‘Ž đ?‘?đ?‘? đ?‘ƒđ?‘ƒ = $ ). đ?‘?đ?‘? đ?‘‘đ?‘‘
(i)
đ?‘‘đ?‘‘ −đ?‘?đ?‘? đ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇ @ ?đ??ˇđ??ˇđ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’ −đ?‘?đ?‘? đ?‘Žđ?‘Ž đ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇ đ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇ
đ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇ đ??´đ??´=(5 Ă— 2) − (2 Ă— 1) = +,
đ??´đ??´
,
;<= >
đ?‘‘đ?‘‘ −đ?‘?đ?‘? $ ) −đ?‘?đ?‘? đ?‘Žđ?‘Ž
5 1 +, ) . đ??šđ??šđ??šđ??šđ??šđ??šđ??šđ??š đ??´đ??´ Example 1 2 2 K
2 −1 I = $ ) = J+K I −2 5 ,
I
10 − 21 = +, I L I
M=
8 ,
+,
N
I
N J+,
I L
2đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ + đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = 5
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2 1 ) 1 2 Find the determinant of the matrix shown. 2 1 ^ ^=3 1 2
8
$
4 1 ) 3 3
2. đ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??şđ??ş đ?‘Ąđ?‘Ąâ„Žđ?‘Žđ?‘Žđ?‘Žđ?‘Ž đ?‘‡đ?‘‡ = $ value of x.
APPLICATION OF MATRICES.
Matrices can be used to solve system of equations by using: (a) Determinants (b) Inverse matrices. SOLVING SIMULTENOUES EQUATIONS USING DETERMINTS OF THE MATRIX.
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đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś =
đ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇ đ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘œ đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś 3 = =1 đ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇ đ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘œ đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘? đ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘š 3
đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ = 2
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Across
Down
1. Extravagant, wasteful 7. Very offensive 8. Paralyze with astonishment 9. Reinforced boot tip 10. Open a secure door 13. Eager, enthusiastic 15. Wonder how they live? (inf) 16. Early cave dweller
2. Oppose an argument 3. Taken flight 4. Fool 5. Severe (of an illness) 6. Overtook by a whole circuit 8. Unwise, without sense 11. Be more successful than others 12. Get ready to pray 13. Plant pest 14. Small island
đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = 1
PUZZLE 30 SOLUTION W
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Simultaneous equations can also be solving by using the inverse matrix method.
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3đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ − 2đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = 10 (i)
(ii)
(iii)
đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ + 5đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = −8
B
Write an the equation in matrix form. 3 −2 đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ 10 $ ) $đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś) = $ ) 1 5 −8 3 −2 ) Find the inverse of the matrix $ 1 5 5 2 − − 17@ đ?‘€đ?‘€ +, = ? 17 1 3 − 17 17 Multiply the inverse matrix on both sides of the matrix equation
$
đ??ťđ??ťđ??ťđ??ťđ??ťđ??ťđ??ťđ??ťđ??ťđ??ť đ?‘“đ?‘“đ?‘“đ?‘“đ?‘“đ?‘“đ?‘“đ?‘“ đ?‘‡đ?‘‡ +,
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SOLVING SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS USING INVERSE MATRIX METHOD.
2
3 2đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ ) and has determinant 3. Find the 2 7
đ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’đ?‘’ đ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘œ đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ 6 = =2 đ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇ đ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘œ đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘? đ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘š 3
(b) 5đ?‘Žđ?‘Ž + đ?‘?đ?‘? = 11 2đ?‘Žđ?‘Ž − 5đ?‘?đ?‘? = 26
TASK 1
1 2 5 3 ) đ?‘‹đ?‘‹ = $ ). 2 1 4 2
đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ =
(a) 3đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ − 2đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = 8 đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ + đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = 1
2 −2 1 −1 1 2 −2 4 4 2@ +, đ?‘ƒđ?‘ƒ = $ )=? @=? 2 −1 3 −1 3 4 −1 3 4 4 4 4
(iv) đ?‘Šđ?‘Šđ?‘Šđ?‘Š +, $
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TASK 2 4 Use the method of determinants to solve the following system of equations.
đ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇ đ?‘ƒđ?‘ƒ=(3 Ă— 2) − (1 Ă— 2) = 6 − 2 = 4
−1 5 −1 1 −5 đ?‘„đ?‘„+, = $ ) = ? 13 13@ 2 3 13 −2 −3 13 13
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Find the determinant of đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś(đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x; đ?‘Ąđ?‘Ąâ„Žđ?‘’đ?‘’ đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘? đ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘œ đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś đ?‘¤đ?‘¤đ?‘¤đ?‘¤đ?‘¤đ?‘¤â„Ž đ?‘Ąđ?‘Ąâ„Žđ?‘’đ?‘’ đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?) as 2 5 2 5 $ )=^ ^=3 1 4 1 4
M
đ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇ đ?‘„đ?‘„=(−3 Ă— 1) − (2 Ă— 5) = −3 − 10 = −13
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5 1 $ ) 4 2 Find the determinant of X (đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x; đ?‘Ąđ?‘Ąâ„Žđ?‘’đ?‘’ đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘? đ?‘ đ?‘ đ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘œđ?‘œ đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ đ?‘¤đ?‘¤đ?‘¤đ?‘¤đ?‘¤đ?‘¤â„Ž đ?‘Ąđ?‘Ąâ„Žđ?‘’đ?‘’ đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?) 5 1 5 1 )=^ ^=6 đ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇ đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ = $ 4 2 4 2
đ?‘ƒđ?‘ƒ +, đ?‘„đ?‘„+,
(i) đ?‘Šđ?‘Šđ?‘Šđ?‘Š (ii) đ?‘Šđ?‘Š +, (iii) đ?‘‹đ?‘‹ +,
3
Write down the matrix using the coefficients of the variables in the two equations.
Find
Find
2
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đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ + 2đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = 4
Example 2.
1. Given that đ?‘Šđ?‘Š = $
1
Example solve the following system of equations.
3 2 −3 5 Given that đ?‘ƒđ?‘ƒ = $ ) đ?‘„đ?‘„ = $ ) 1 2 2 1 (i) (ii)
PUZZLE 31
THE CRAMMER’S RULE.
đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ + 2đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = 4
(iii). The inverse of a 2 Ă— 2 matrix is given by đ?‘ƒđ?‘ƒ +, =
Given that đ??´đ??´ = $
TOPIC: MATRICES | GRADE: 10
2đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ + đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = 5
đ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇđ??ˇ đ?‘ƒđ?‘ƒ = (đ?‘Žđ?‘Ž Ă— đ?‘‘đ?‘‘) − (đ?‘?đ?‘? Ă— đ?‘?đ?‘?) = đ?‘Žđ?‘Žđ?‘Žđ?‘Ž − đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘?đ?‘? đ?‘‘đ?‘‘ −đ?‘?đ?‘? đ??śđ??śđ??śđ??ś − đ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘šđ?‘š $ ). −đ?‘?đ?‘? đ?‘Žđ?‘Ž
(ii)
PREPARED BY: MR. BWALYA . K
1 0
5 2 5 − − 17@ $3 −2) $đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ ) = ? 17 ? 17 đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś 1 3 1 1 5 − − 17 17 17 5 2 0 đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ 17@ $ 10 ) ) $ ) = ? 17 1 3 1 đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś −8 − 17 17
34 5 2 Ă— 10 + Ă— (−8) đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ 2 17 17 5 @ = $ ) $đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś) = ? 17 @ = ? 34 5 23 −34 −1 −2 Ă— (−8) đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ Ă— 10 10 + + 17 Ă— Ă— (−8) 2 17 17 17 $đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś) = ? 17 @ = ? 17 @ = $ ) −34 3 −1 −2 Ă— 10 + Ă— (−8) 17 17 17 đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ 2 $đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś) = $ ) −2 đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ 2 $đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś) = $ ) −2 đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ = 2 đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = −2 đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ = 2 đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = −2
2 17@ $ 10 ) 3 −8 17
TASK 3 Solve the following simultaneous equations using the inverse matrix method, TASK 3 (a) 3đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ − 2đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = 5 Solve the following simultaneous equations using the inverse matrix method, đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ − đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = 2 (a) 3đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ − 2đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = 5 (b) 5đ?‘Ąđ?‘Ą + 3đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x; = 4 đ?‘Ľđ?‘Ľ − đ?‘Śđ?‘Ś = 2 4đ?‘Ąđ?‘Ą + đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x; = 6 (b) 5đ?‘Ąđ?‘Ą + 3đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x; = 4 4đ?‘Ąđ?‘Ą + đ?‘&#x;đ?‘&#x; = 6
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