What’s Inside
• Full-Length Practice Tests, including a Writing Test
• Information about the Optional Writing Test
• Strategies to Prepare for the Tests
• What to Expect on Test Day
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may notice subtle differences between this practice test and the test you actually take on test day.
This booklet, which is provided free of charge, is intended to help you do your best on the ACT ® test. Included in this booklet are complete practice tests—“retired” ACT questions that were administered to students on a National test date—including a writing prompt, a sample answer document, answer keys, and self-scoring instructions.
Read this booklet carefully and take the practice tests well before test day so you will be familiar with the tests, what they measure, and the strategies you can use to do your best on test day.
Go to www.actstudent.org for additional ACT test preparation materials, including ACT Online Prep™, The Real ACT Prep Guide, sample questions, and the Question of the Day.
The ACT is administered nationally and internationally to examinees in English, including all instructions and questions. Select states testing as part of the State and District testing program permit the use of translated instructions, but such testing does not result in a collegereportable score.
ACT is committed to representing the diversity of society in all its aspects, including race, ethnicity, and gender. Thus, test passages, questions, and writing prompts are deliberately chosen to reflect a range of cultures.
ACT is also committed to ensuring that test questions and writing prompts are fair—that they do not disadvantage any particular group of examinees. Extensive reviews of the fairness of test materials are rigorously conducted by both ACT staff and external consultants. ACT also employs statistical procedures to help ensure that test materials do not unfairly affect the performance of any group.
Note: Since the ACT is a curriculum-based achievement test, research is periodically conducted and tests are updated accordingly to ensure test content continues to reflect classroom instruction and remains a relevant predictor of college and career readiness. As a result, you
ACT endorses the Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education and the Code of Professional Responsibilities in Educational Measurement, guides to the conduct of those involved in educational testing. ACT is committed to ensuring that each of its testing programs upholds the guidelines in each Code. A copy of each Code may be obtained free of charge from ACT Customer Services (70), PO Box 1008, Iowa City, IA 52243-1008, 319.337.1429.
The ACT contains multiple-choice tests in four areas: English, mathematics, reading, and science. Each of these tests contains questions that offer either four or five answer choices from which you are to choose the correct, or best, answer. The following suggestions apply to all four tests:
Pace yourself.
The time limits set for each test give nearly everyone enough time to finish all the questions. However, because the English, reading, and science tests contain a considerable amount of text, it is important to pace yourself so you will not spend too much time on one passage. Similarly, try not to spend too much time puzzling over an answer to a specific problem in the mathematics test. Go on to the other questions and come back if there is time. Your supervisor will announce when you have five minutes remaining on each test.
Read the directions for each test carefully.
Before you begin taking one of the tests, read the directions carefully. The English, reading, and science tests ask for the “best” answer. Do not respond as soon as you identify a correct answer. Read and consider all of the answer choices and choose the answer that best responds to the question.
The mathematics test asks for the “correct” answer. Read each question carefully to make sure you understand the type of answer required. Then, you may want to work out the answer you feel is correct and look for it among the choices given. If your answer is not among the choices provided, reread the question and consider all of the answer choices.
Read each question carefully.
It is important that you understand what each question asks. Some questions will require you to go through several steps to find the correct or best answer, while others can be answered more quickly.
Answer the easy questions first.
The best strategy for taking the tests is to answer the easy questions and skip the questions you find difficult. After answering all of the easy questions, go back and answer the more difficult questions if you have time.
NOTE: This booklet is covered by federal copyright laws that prohibit the reproduction of the test questions without the prior express, written permission of ACT, Inc. No portion of this booklet may be copied or distributed without written permission of ACT.
Use logic on more difficult questions. When you return to the more difficult questions, try to use logic to eliminate incorrect answers to a question. Compare the answer choices to each other and note how they differ. Such differences may provide clues as to what the question requires. Eliminate as many incorrect answers as you can, then make an educated guess from the remaining answers.
Answer every question.
Your score on the tests will be based only on the number of questions that you answer correctly; there is no penalty for guessing. Thus, you should answer every question within the time allowed for each test.
Review your work.
If there is time left after you have answered every question in a test, go back and check your work on that test. You will not be allowed to go back to any other test or mark responses to a test after time has been called on that test.
Be precise in marking your answer document. Be sure that you properly fill in the correct ovals on your answer document. Check to be sure that the number of the line of ovals on your answer document is the same as the number of the question you are answering and that you mark only one response for each question.
Erase completely.
If you want to change a multiple-choice answer, be sure to use a soft eraser that will not leave smudges and erase the unintended mark completely. Do not cross out answers or use correction fluid or tape; you must erase. Correction fluid/tape, smudges, or unintended marks may cause errors in scoring.
To students approved to test at National test centers with extended time:
You will be allowed up to 5 hours total to work on the multiple-choice tests at your own pace, including breaks between tests. If you are taking the ACT with writing, you will be allowed up to 6 hours total to work on all five tests.
The ACT writing test lets you show your skill in composing an essay. It measures writing proficiencies that are taught in high school and are important for readiness to succeed in entry-level college composition courses.
The following general strategies will help if you take the ACT writing test.
Pace yourself.
You will have 40 minutes to write your essay. It is important to pace yourself in the way that best suits your personal writing strategy. Many writers do best when they spend part of their time planning the essay, most of their time writing the essay, and the last part of their time reviewing the essay to make corrections and revisions. Budget your time based on your experience in taking essay tests in school and in other circumstances when you’ve done writing within a time limit. Your supervisor will announce when you have five minutes remaining on the writing test.
Read the directions carefully.
In writing your essay, you will be expected to engage meaningfully with the issue and perspectives presented by the prompt. Before you begin to plan and write, read and consider all prompt material carefully.
Read the writing prompt carefully.
It is important that you understand exactly what the writing prompt asks you to do. Be sure you have a clear understanding of the issue in the writing prompt and of the question you must respond to before you start to plan and write your essay.
Write (or print) legibly in the answer folder.
If your readers cannot read what you have written, they will not be able to score your essay. You must write your essay using a soft lead No. 2 pencil (not a mechanical pencil or ink pen) on the lined pages in the answer folder. You may not need all the lined pages, but to ensure you have enough room to finish, do not skip lines.
Make corrections clear.
If you make corrections, do so thoroughly and legibly. You may write corrections or additions neatly between the lines of your essay, but do not write in the margins.
• Prepare well in advance for the tests.
• Know what to expect on test day. Familiarize yourself with the information in this booklet, and at www.actstudent.org
• Most procedures in this booklet refer to testing on a National or International test date at an ACT test center. Procedures may differ slightly if you test at another location.
• Take the practice tests in order and review your responses.
• Get plenty of rest the night before the tests.
• Carefully review the “Test Day Checklist” at www.actstudent.org
➤ Bring the following items with you to the test center:
1. Your paper ticket (if you test on a National or International ACT test date). You will not be admitted to test without it.
2. Acceptable photo identification. See details on your ticket or at www.actstudent.org. If you do not present acceptable photo identification with your ticket at check-in, you will not be admitted to test.
3. Sharpened soft lead No. 2 pencils and good erasers (no mechanical pencils or ink pens). Do not bring any other writing instruments; you will not be allowed to use them.
4. A watch to pace yourself. Do not bring a watch with an alarm, because it will disturb other students. If your alarm sounds during testing, you will be dismissed and your answer document will not be scored. Your supervisor will announce when you have five minutes remaining on each test.
5. A permitted calculator may be used on the mathematics test only. It is your responsibility to know whether your calculator is permitted. For the most current information on the ACT calculator policy, visit www.actstudent.org or call 800.498.6481 for a recorded message.
The ACT measures the knowledge, understanding, and skills that you have acquired throughout your education. Although the sum total of what a person has learned cannot be changed, your performance in a specific area can be affected by adequate preparation, especially if it has been some time since you have taken a course in that area. There are three strategies that can help you to prepare yourself for the content included in the ACT:
Familiarize yourself with the content of the ACT tests.
Review the information about the tests that is provided on the following pages. Note which content areas make up a large proportion of the tests and which do not. The specific topics included in each content area are examples of possible topics; they do not include all of the possibilities.
Refresh your knowledge and skills in the content areas. Review those content areas you have studied but are not fresh in your mind. Spend your time refreshing your knowledge and skills in the content areas that make up large portions of the tests.
Identify the content areas you have not studied. If unfamiliar content areas make up major portions of the tests, consider taking coursework to help you gain knowledge and skills in these areas before you take the ACT. Because the ACT measures knowledge and skills acquired over a period of time, it is unlikely that a “cram” course covering material that is unfamiliar to you will help you improve your scores. Longer-term survey courses will be most helpful to you, because they aim to improve your knowledge through sustained learning and practice.
The ACT English test is a 75-question, 45-minute test that measures your understanding of the conventions of standard written English (punctuation, grammar and usage, and sentence structure) and of rhetorical skills (strategy, organization, and style). Spelling, vocabulary, and rote recall of rules of grammar are not tested. The test consists of five essays, or passages, each of which is accompanied by a sequence of multiple-choice test questions. Different passage types are employed to provide a variety of rhetorical situations. Passages are chosen not only for their appropriateness in assessing writing skills but also to reflect students’ interests and experiences.
Some questions refer to underlined portions of the passage and offer several alternatives to the underlined portion. You must decide which choice is most appropriate in the context of the passage. Some questions ask about an underlined portion, a section of the passage, or the passage as a whole. You must decide which choice best answers the question posed. Many questions offer “NO CHANGE” to the passage as one of the choices. The questions are numbered consecutively. Each question number refers to a correspondingly numbered portion underlined in the passage or to a corresponding numeral in a box located at the appropriate point in the passage.
Three scores are reported for the ACT English test: a total test score based on all 75 questions, a subscore in Usage/ Mechanics based on 40 questions, and a subscore in Rhetorical Skills based on 35 questions.
Pace yourself.
The ACT English test contains 75 questions to be completed in 45 minutes. If you spend 11⁄2 minutes skimming through each passage before responding to the questions, then you will have 30 seconds to answer each question. If possible, spend less time on each question and use the remaining time allowed for this test to review your work and return to the questions on this test that were most difficult for you.
Be aware of the writing style used in each passage. The five passages cover a variety of topics and are written in a variety of styles. It is important that you take into account the writing style used in each passage when you respond to the questions. In responding to a question, be sure to understand the context of the question. Consider how the sentence containing an underlined portion fits in with the surrounding sentences and into the passage as a whole.
Examine the underlined portions of the passage. Before responding to a question with an underlined portion, carefully examine what is underlined in the text. Consider the elements of writing that are included in each underlined portion. Some questions will ask you to base your decision on some specific element of writing, such as the tone or emphasis the text should convey. Some questions will ask you to choose the alternative to the underlined portion that is NOT or LEAST acceptable. The answer choices for each question will contain changes in one or more of those elements of writing.
Be aware of questions with no underlined portions. You will be asked some questions about a section of the passage or about the passage as a whole, in light of a given rhetorical situation. Questions of this type are often identified by a question number in a box located at the appropriate point in the passage. Questions about the entire passage are placed at the end of the passage and introduced by a horizontal box enclosing the following instruction: “Questions ___ and ___ ask about the preceding passage as a whole.”
Note the differences in the answer choices. Many of the questions in the test will involve more than one aspect of writing. Examine each answer choice and how it differs from the others. Be careful not to select an answer that corrects one error but causes a different error.
Determine the best answer.
Two approaches can be taken to determine the best answer to a question in which you are to choose the best alternative to an underlined portion. In the first approach, you can reread the sentence or sentences, substituting each of the possible answer choices for the underlined portion to determine the best choice. In the second approach, you can decide how the underlined portion might best be phrased in standard written English or in terms of the particular question posed. If you think the underlined portion is the best answer, you should select “NO CHANGE.” If not, you should check to see whether your phrasing is one of the other answer choices. If you do not find your phrasing, you should choose the best of the answers presented. For questions cued by a number in a box, you must decide which choice is most appropriate in terms of the question posed or the stated rhetorical situation.
Reread the sentence, using your selected answer. Once you have selected the answer you feel is best, reread the corresponding sentence(s) of the passage, inserting your selected answer at the appropriate place in the text to make sure it is the best answer within the context of the passage.
Six elements of effective writing are included in the English test: punctuation, grammar and usage, sentence structure, strategy, organization, and style. The questions covering punctuation, grammar and usage, and sentence structure make up the Usage/Mechanics subscore. The questions covering strategy, organization, and style make up the Rhetorical Skills subscore. A brief description and the approximate percentage of the test devoted to each element of effective writing are given below.
Punctuation (10–15%). Questions in this category test your knowledge of the conventions of internal and end-ofsentence punctuation, with emphasis on the relationship of punctuation to meaning (for example, avoiding ambiguity, indicating appositives).
Grammar and Usage (15–20%). Questions in this category test your understanding of agreement between subject and verb, between pronoun and antecedent, and between modifiers and the word modified; verb formation; pronoun case; formation of comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs; and idiomatic usage.
Sentence Structure (20–25%) . Questions in this category test your understanding of relationships between and among clauses, placement of modifiers, and shifts in construction.
Strategy (15–20%). Questions in this category test how well you develop a given topic by choosing expressions appropriate to an essay’s audience and purpose; judging the effect of adding, revising, or deleting supporting material; and judging the relevancy of statements in context.
Organization (10–15%). Questions in this category test how well you organize ideas and choose effective opening, transitional, and closing sentences.
Style (15–20%). Questions in this category test how well you choose precise and appropriate words and images, maintain the level of style and tone in an essay, manage sentence elements for rhetorical effectiveness, and avoid ambiguous pronoun references, wordiness, and redundancy.
You may use a calculator on the mathematics test. See www.actstudent.org for details about prohibited models and features.
The ACT mathematics test is a 60-question, 60-minute test designed to assess the mathematical skills students have typically acquired in courses taken up to the beginning of grade 12. The test presents multiple-choice questions that require you to use reasoning skills to solve practical problems in mathematics. Most questions are selfcontained. Some questions may belong to a set of several questions (e.g., several questions about the same graph or chart). Knowledge of basic formulas and computational skills are assumed as background for the problems, but recall of complex formulas and extensive computation is not required. The material covered on the test emphasizes the major content areas that are prerequisites to successful performance in entry-level courses in college mathematics.
Four scores are reported for the ACT mathematics test: a total test score based on all 60 questions, a subscore in Pre-Algebra/Elementary Algebra, a subscore in Intermediate Algebra/Coordinate Geometry, and a subscore in Plane Geometry/Trigonometry.
Pace yourself.
The ACT mathematics test contains 60 questions to be completed in 60 minutes. You have an average of 1 minute per question. If possible, spend less time on each question and use the remaining time allowed for this test to review your work and return to the questions on this test that were most difficult for you.
If you use a calculator, use it wisely.
All of the mathematics problems can be solved without using a calculator. Many of the problems are best done without a calculator. Use good judgment in deciding when, and when not, to use a calculator. For example, for some problems you may wish to do scratch work to clarify your thoughts on the question before you begin using a calculator to do computations.
Solve the problem.
For working out the solutions to the problems, you will usually do scratch work in the space provided in the test booklet. You may wish to glance over the answer choices after reading the questions. However, working backwards from the answer choices provided can take a lot of time and may not be effective.
Locate your solution among the answer choices. Once you have solved the problem, look for your answer among the choices. If your answer is not included among the choices, carefully reread the problem to see whether you missed important information. Pay careful attention to the question being asked. If an equation is to be selected, check to see whether the equation you think is best can be transformed into one of the answer choices provided.
Make sure you answer the question.
The solutions to many questions on the test will involve several steps. Make sure your answer accounts for all the necessary steps. Frequently, questions include answer choices that are based on incomplete solutions.
Make sure your answer is reasonable.
Sometimes an error in computation will result in an answer that is not practically possible for the situation described. Always think about your answer to determine whether it is reasonable.
Check your work.
You may arrive at an incorrect solution by making common errors in the problem-solving process. Thus, if there is time remaining before the end of the mathematics test, it is important that you reread the questions and check your answers to make sure they are correct.
Six content areas are included in the mathematics test: pre-algebra, elementary algebra, intermediate algebra, coordinate geometry, plane geometry, and trigonometry. The questions covering pre-algebra and elementary algebra make up the Pre-Algebra/Elementary Algebra subscore. The questions covering intermediate algebra and coordinate geometry make up the Intermediate Algebra/Coordinate Geometry subscore. The questions covering plane geometry and trigonometry make up the Plane Geometry/Trigonometry subscore. A brief description and the approximate percentage of the test devoted to each content area are given below.
Pre-Algebra (20–25%). Questions in this content area are based on basic operations using whole numbers, decimals, fractions, and integers; place value; square roots and approximations; the concept of exponents; scientific notation; factors; ratio, proportion, and percent; linear equations in one variable; absolute value and ordering numbers by value; elementary counting techniques and simple probability; data collection, representation, and interpretation; and understanding simple descriptive statistics.
Elementary Algebra (15–20%). Questions in this content area are based on properties of exponents and square roots, evaluation of algebraic expressions through substitution, using variables to express functional relationships, understanding algebraic operations, and the solution of quadratic equations by factoring.
Intermediate Algebra (15–20%). Questions in this content area are based on an understanding of the quadratic formula, rational and radical expressions, absolute value equations and inequalities, sequences and patterns, systems of equations, quadratic inequalities, functions, modeling, matrices, roots of polynomials, and complex numbers.
Coordinate Geometry (15–20%). Questions in this content area are based on graphing and the relations between equations and graphs, including points, lines, polynomials, circles, and other curves; graphing inequalities; slope; parallel and perpendicular lines; distance; midpoints; and conics.
Plane Geometry (20–25%). Questions in this content area are based on the properties and relations of plane figures, including angles and relations among perpendicular and parallel lines; properties of circles, triangles, rectangles, parallelograms, and trapezoids; transformations; the concept of proof and proof techniques; volume; and applications of geometry to three dimensions.
Trigonometry (5–10%). Questions in this content area are based on understanding trigonometric relations in right triangles; values and properties of trigonometric functions; graphing trigonometric functions; modeling using trigonometric functions; use of trigonometric identities; and solving trigonometric equations.
The ACT reading test is a 40-question, 35-minute test that measures your reading comprehension. The test questions ask you to derive meaning from several texts by (1) referring to what is explicitly stated and (2) reasoning to determine implicit meanings. Specifically, questions will ask you to use referring and reasoning skills to determine main ideas; locate and interpret significant details; understand sequences of events; make comparisons; comprehend cause-effect relationships; determine the meaning of context-dependent words, phrases, and statements; draw generalizations; and analyze the author’s or narrator’s voice and method. The test comprises four sections, each containing one long or two shorter prose passages that are representative of the level and kinds of text commonly encountered in first-year college curricula. Each passage is preceded by a heading that identifies what type of passage it is (for example, “Literary Narrative”), names the author, and may include a brief note that helps in understanding the passage. Each section contains a set of multiple-choice test questions. These questions do not test the rote recall of facts from outside the passage, isolated vocabulary items, or rules of formal logic. In sections that contain two short passages, some of the questions involve both of the passages in the section.
Three scores are reported for the ACT reading test: a total test score based on all 40 questions, a subscore in Social Studies/Sciences reading skills (based on the 20 questions on the social studies and natural sciences passages), and a subscore in Arts/Literature reading skills (based on the 20 questions on the literary narrative and humanities passages).
Tips for Taking the ACT Reading Test Pace yourself.
The ACT reading test contains 40 questions to be completed in 35 minutes. If you spend 2–3 minutes reading the passage(s) in each section, then you will have about 35 seconds to answer each question. If possible, spend less time on the passages and the questions and use the remaining time allowed for this test to review your work and return to the questions on this test that were most difficult for you.
Read each passage carefully.
Before you begin answering a question, read the entire passage (or two short passages) carefully. Be conscious of relationships between or among ideas. You may make notes in the test booklet about important ideas in the passages.
Refer to the passages when answering the questions. Answers to some of the questions will be found by referring to what is explicitly stated in the text. Other questions will require you to determine implicit meanings and to draw conclusions, comparisons, and generalizations. Consider the text before you answer any question.
Content Covered by the ACT Reading Test
The reading test is based on four types of reading selections: the social studies, the natural sciences, literary narrative, and the humanities. A subscore in Social Studies/Sciences reading skills is based on the questions on the social studies and the natural sciences passages, and a subscore in Arts/Literature reading skills is based on the questions on the literary narrative and humanities passages. A brief description and the approximate percentage of the test devoted to each type of reading selection are given below.
Social Studies (25%) . Questions in this category are based on passages in the content areas of anthropology, archaeology, biography, business, economics, education, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology.
Natural Sciences (25%) . Questions in this category are based on passages in the content areas of anatomy, astronomy, biology, botany, chemistry, ecology, geology, medicine, meteorology, microbiology, natural history, physiology, physics, technology, and zoology.
Literary Narrative (25%) or Prose Fiction (25%) . Questions in the Literary Narrative category are based on passages from short stories, novels, memoirs, and personal essays. Questions in the Prose Fiction category are based on passages from short stories and novels.
Humanities (25%) . Questions in this category are based on passages in the content areas of architecture, art, dance, ethics, film, language, literary criticism, music, philosophy, radio, television, and theater. Questions may be based on passages from memoirs and personal essays.
The ACT science test is a 40-question, 35-minute test that measures the interpretation, analysis, evaluation, reasoning, and problem-solving skills required in the natural sciences. The test presents several sets of scientific information, each followed by a number of multiple-choice test questions. The scientific information is conveyed in one of three different formats: data representation (graphs, tables, and other schematic forms), research summaries (descriptions of several related experiments), or conflicting viewpoints (expressions of several related hypotheses or views that are inconsistent with one another). The questions require you to recognize and understand the basic features of, and concepts related to, the provided information; to examine critically the relationship between the information provided and the conclusions drawn or hypotheses developed; and to generalize from given information to gain new information, draw conclusions, or make predictions.
You are not permitted to use a calculator on the ACT science test.
One score is reported for the ACT science test: a total test score based on all 40 questions.
Pace yourself.
The ACT science test contains 40 questions to be completed in 35 minutes. If you spend about 2 minutes reading each passage, then you will have about 30 seconds to answer each question. If possible, spend less time on the passages and the questions and use the remaining time allowed for this test to review your work and return to the questions on this test that were most difficult for you.
Read the passage carefully.
Before you begin answering a question, read the scientific material provided. It is important that you read the entire text and examine any tables, graphs, or figures. You may want to make notes about important ideas in the information provided in the test booklet. Some of the information sets will describe experiments. You should consider the experimental design, including the controls and variables, because questions are likely to address this component of scientific research.
Note different viewpoints in passages.
Some material will present conflicting points of view, and the questions will ask you to distinguish among the various viewpoints. It may be helpful for you to make notes summarizing each viewpoint next to that section in the test booklet.
The content of the science test includes biology, chemistry, physics, and the Earth/space sciences (for example, geology, astronomy, and meteorology). Advanced knowledge in these subjects is not required, but knowledge acquired in general, introductory science courses is needed to answer some of the questions. The test emphasizes scientific reasoning skills over recall of scientific content, skill in mathematics, or reading ability. The scientific information is conveyed in one of three different formats.
Data Representation (30–40%). This format presents graphic and tabular material similar to that found in science journals and texts. The questions associated with this format measure skills such as graph reading, interpretation of scatterplots, and interpretation of information presented in tables.
Research Summaries (45–55%). This format provides descriptions of one or more related experiments. The questions focus upon the design of experiments and the interpretation of experimental results.
Conflicting Viewpoints (15–20%). This format presents expressions of several hypotheses or views that, being based on differing premises or on incomplete data, are inconsistent with one another. The questions focus upon the understanding, analysis, and comparison of alternative viewpoints or hypotheses.
If you register for the ACT with writing, you will take the ACT writing test (which must be completed in English) after you complete the four multiple-choice tests.
The ACT writing test is a 40-minute essay test that measures your writing skills—specifically those writing skills emphasized in high school English classes and in entry-level college composition courses. The test describes an issue and provides three different perspectives on the issue. You are asked to “evaluate and analyze” the perspectives; to “state and develop” your own perspective; and to “explain the relationship” between your perspective and those given. Your score will not be affected by the perspective you take on the issue.
Taking the writing test will not affect your scores on the multiple-choice tests or your Composite score. Rather, you will receive a single subject-level writing score on a scale of 1–36 and five additional scores: an English Language Arts score on a scale of 1–36 and scores for four domains of writing competencies (Ideas and Analysis, Development and Support, Organization, and Language Use and Conventions) on a scale of 2–12.
Two trained readers will score your essay from 1-6 in each of four writing domains. Each domain score represents the sum of the two readers’ scores. Your Writing Score is calculated from your domain scores and is reported on a scale of 1–36. Your domain scores do not necessarily add up to your reported Writing Score.
The ACT writing test contains one question to be completed in 40 minutes. When asked to write a timed essay, most writers find it useful to do some planning before they write the essay, and to do a final check of the essay when it is finished. It is unlikely that you will have time to draft, revise, and recopy your essay.
Plan.
Before writing, carefully read and consider all prompt material. Be sure you understand the issue, its perspectives, and your essay task. The prewriting questions included with the prompt will help you analyze the perspectives and develop your own. Use these questions to think critically about the prompt and generate effective ideas in response. Ask yourself how your ideas and analysis can best be supported and organized in a written argument. Use the prewriting space in your test booklet to structure or outline your response.
Write.
Establish the focus of your essay by making clear your argument and its main ideas. Explain and illustrate your ideas with sound reasoning and meaningful examples. Discuss the significance of your ideas: what are the implications of what you have to say, and why is your argument important to consider? As you write, ask yourself if your logic is clear, you have supported your claims, and you have chosen precise words to communicate your ideas.
Review your essay.
Take a few minutes before time is called to read over your essay. Correct any mistakes. If you find any words that are hard to read, recopy them. Make corrections and revisions neatly, between the lines. Do not write in the margins. Your readers know you had only 40 minutes to compose and write your essay. Within that time limit, try to make your essay as polished as you can.
Practice.
There are many ways to prepare for the ACT writing test. These include reading newspapers and magazines, listening to news analyses on television or radio, and participating in discussions and debates.
One of the best ways to prepare for the ACT writing test is to practice writing with different purposes for different audiences. The writing you do in your classes will help you. So will writing essays, stories, editorials, a personal journal, or other writing you do on your own.
It is also a good idea to practice writing within a time limit. Taking the practice ACT writing test will give you a sense of how much additional practice you may need. You might want to take the practice ACT writing test even if you do not plan to take the ACT with writing, because this will help build skills that are important in college-level learning and in the world of work.
For National and International test dates, you must report to the test center by the time stated on your ticket, normally 8:00 a.m If you are late, you will not be admitted to test. If your ticket does not list a specific room, test center staff or posted signs will direct you.
At check-in, you will be required to show both your paper ticket and acceptable photo ID or you will not be admitted to test. See ID requirements on your ticket or at www.actstudent.org
• The supervisor or proctor will direct you to a seat. If you need a left-handed desk, tell your supervisor as you enter.
• Do not leave the test room after you have been admitted.
• Only pencils, erasers, a permitted calculator, and your ticket will be allowed on your desk.
• You will be required to put all other personal belongings away.
• You may not use tobacco in any form or have food or drink (including water) in the test room. You may have snacks and drinks outside the test room during break.
• Testing will begin as soon as all examinees present at 8:00 a.m are checked in and seated.
• Listen carefully to all directions read by your supervisor.
• It is important that you follow all directions carefully.
• On some test dates, ACT tries out questions to develop future versions of the tests. You may be asked to take a fifth test, the results of which will not be reflected in your reported scores. The fifth test could be multiplechoice or one for which you will create your own answers. Please try your best on these questions, because your participation can help shape the future of the ACT. If you are in a test room where the fifth test is administered, you will be dismissed at about 12:35 p.m.
The following behaviors are prohibited. You will be dismissed and your answer document will not be scored if you are found:
• Filling in or altering responses on a test section on your answer sheet or continuing to complete the essay after time has been called on that test section. This means that you cannot make any changes to a test section outside of the designated time for that section, even to fix a stray mark or accidental keystroke.
• Looking back at a test section on which time has already been called.
• Looking ahead in the test booklet.
• Looking at another person’s test booklet or answer document.
• Giving or receiving assistance by any means.
• Discussing or sharing of test content, test form identification numbers, or answers during test administration, during breaks, or after the test is prohibited.
• Using a prohibited calculator (www.actstudent.org)
• Using a calculator on any test section other than Mathematics.
• Sharing a calculator with another person.
• Using a watch with recording, internet, or communication capabilities.
• Using any electronic device at any time during testing or during break other than an approved calculator or watch. All other electronic devices, including cell phones and wearable devices, must be turned off and placed out of reach from the time you are admitted to test until you are dismissed after testing concludes.
• Attempting to memorize test-related information or otherwise remove test materials, including questions or answers, from the test room in any way.
• Using highlight pens, colored pens or pencils, notes, dictionaries, or other aids.
• Using scratch paper (unless an exception applies).
o Specific instructions will be provided on test day if ACT authorizes you to use scratch paper, including the section(s) on which ACT has authorized its use.
o If you are permitted to use scratch paper, you may only use paper that ACT has authorized and/or provided to you.
• Not following instructions or abiding by the rules of the test center.
• Exhibiting confrontational, threatening, or unruly behavior; or violating any laws. If ACT suspects you are engaging in criminal activities, such activities will be reported to law enforcement agencies.
• Allowing an alarm to sound in the test room or creating any other disturbance.
All items brought into the test center, such as hats, purses, backpacks, cell phones, calculators, and other electronic devices may be searched at the discretion of ACT and its testing staff. ACT and its testing staff may confiscate and retain for a reasonable period of time any item suspected of having been used, or being capable of being used, in violation of this list of prohibited behaviors. ACT may also provide such items to third parties in connection with an investigation conducted by ACT or others. ACT and its testing staff shall not be responsible for lost, stolen, or damaged items.
If you have to leave the test center before completing all your tests, you must decide whether or not you want your answer document scored and inform your supervisor of your decision. If you do not, your answer document will be scored.
Once you break the seal on your multiple-choice test booklet, you cannot request a Test Date Change. If you do not complete all your tests and want to test again, you will have to pay the full fee for your test option again. If you want to take the ACT again, see www.actstudent.org for your options. Once you begin filling out your answer document, you cannot change from one test option to another.
You may not receive scores from more than one test taken during a scheduled National or International test date. For example, you may test on Saturday or on an authorized non-Saturday date or on a rescheduled test date—but not on more than one of those days. If you are admitted and allowed to test a second time, we will report only the scores from the first test. The second set of scores will be cancelled without refund.
On certain National test dates, if you test at a National test center, you may order (for an additional fee) a copy of the test questions, a copy of your answers, a list of correct answers, and scoring instructions. This service is not available for all test dates or for other testing programs (e.g., International, State and District, Special). If you want to request and pay for this service, check www.actstudent.org to see which test dates offer this service.
Take the practice tests under conditions as similar as possible to those you will experience on test day. The following tips will help you:
• The four multiple-choice tests require 2 hours and 55 minutes. Take them in order in one sitting, with a 10- to 15-minute break between Tests 2 and 3.
• You will need only sharpened No. 2 pencils with good erasers. Remove all other items from your desk. You will not be allowed to use scratch paper.
• If you plan to use a permitted calculator on the mathematics test, use the same one you will use on test day.
• Use a digital timer or clock to time yourself on each practice test. Set your timer for five minutes less than the time allowed for each test so you can get used to the verbal announcement of five minutes remaining.
• Give yourself only the time allowed for each test.
• Detach and use the sample multiple-choice answer document on pages 63–64.
• Read the test directions on the first page of the practice multiple-choice tests. These are the same directions that will appear on your test booklet on test day.
• Start your timer and begin with Test 1. Continue through Test 4, taking a 10- to 15-minute break between Tests 2 and 3. If you do not plan to take the ACT with writing, score your multiple-choice tests using the information beginning on page 56.
• If you plan to take the ACT with writing, read the directions on the first page of the practice ACT writing test (page 53). These are the same directions that will appear on your test booklet on test day. Start your timer, then read the prompt on page 54. After you understand what the prompt is asking you to do, plan your essay and then write it on lined paper. (On test day, your answer document will have lined pages for you to write your essay.) Score your essay using the information on pages 61–62.
1 Read the following Statement: By opening this test booklet, I agree to comply with and be bound by the Terms and Conditions: Testing Rules and Policies for the ACT ® provided in the ACT registration materials for this assessment, including those concerning test security, score cancellation, examinee remedies, arbitration, and consent to the
information as described in the ACT Privacy Policy (available at www.act.org/privacy.html).
International Examinees: By my signature I am also providing my consent to ACT to transfer my personally identifying information to the United States to ACT, or a third party service provider for processing, whe re it will be subject to use and disclosure under the laws of the United States I acknowledge and agree that it may also be accessible to law enforcement and national security authorities in the United States
assessment questions or responses with anyone by any form of communication before, during, or after the assessment administration I understand that assuming anyone else’s identity to take this assessment is strictly prohibited and may violate the law and subject me to legal penalties.
2. Copy the Certification shown below (only the text in italics) on the lines provided Write in your normal handwriting Certification: I agree to the Statement above and certify that I am the person whose name appears on this form
3. Sign your name as you would any official document and enter today’s date.
Your Signature Today’s Date
Directions
This booklet cont ains tests in English, mathematics, reading, and science These tests measure skills and abilities highly related to high school course work and success in college Calculators may be used on the mathematics test only.
The questions in each test are numbered, and the suggested answers for each question are lettered On the answer document, the rows of ovals are numbered to match the questions, and the ovals in each row are lettered to correspond to the suggested answers.
For each question, first decide which answer is best Next, locate on the answer document the row of ovals numbered the s ame as the question. Then, locate the oval in that row lettered the s ame as your answer. Finally, fill in the oval completely. Use a soft lead pencil and make your marks heavy and black Do not use ink or a mechanic al pencil
Mark only one answer to each question If you change your mind about an answer, erase your first mark thoroughly before marking your new answer For each question, make cert ain that you mark in the row of ovals with the s ame number as the question
Only responses marked on your answer document will be scored Your score on each test will be based only on the number of questions you answer correctly during the time allowed for that test You will not be penalized for guessing It is to your advant age to answer every question even if you must guess.
You may work on each test only when the testing st aff tells you to do so If you finish a test before time is called for that test, you should use the time remaining to reconsider questions you are uncert ain about in that test. You may not look back to a test on which time has already been called, and you may not go ahead to another test. To do so will disqualify you from the ex amination
Lay your pencil down immediately when time is called at the end of each test. You may not for any reason fill in or alter ovals for a test after time is called for that test To do so will disqualify you from the ex amination
Do not fold or tear the pages of your test booklet
45 Minutes—75 Questions
DIRECTIONS: In the five passages that follow, certain w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s a r e u n d e r l i n e d a n d n u m b e r e d . I n the right-hand column, you will find alternatives for the underlined part In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement a p p r o p r i a t e f o r s t a n d a r d w r i t t e n E n g l i s h , o r i s w o r d e d most consistently with the style and tone of the passage a s a w h o l e . I f y o u t h i n k t he o r i g i n a l v e r s i o n i s b e s t , choose “NO CHANGE.” In some cases, you will find in the right-hand column a question about the underlined part You are to choose the best answer to the question
You will also find questions about a section of the passage, or about the passage as a whole. These questions do not refer to an underlined portion of the passage, but rather are identified by a number or numbers in a box
For each question, choose the alternative you consider best and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document Read each passage through once before you b e g i
many of the questions, you must read several sentences beyond the question to determine the answer Be sure t h a t y o u h a v e r e a d f a r
choose an alternative
PAS S AG E I
T h e Tr i a n g u l a r S n o w f l a k e [ 1 ]
S n ow f l a ke s f o r m f r o m t i ny wa t e r d r o p l e t s , f o l l ow i n g
a s p e c i fi c p r o c e s s o f c h e m i c a l b o n d i n g a s t h ey f r e e z e ,
w h i c h r e s u l t s i n a s i x - s i d e d fi g u r e . T h e r a r e “ t r i a n g u l a r ”
s n ow f l a ke , s i m i l a r l y, c o n f o u n d e d s c i e n t i s t s f o r y e a r s
b e c a u s e i t a p p a r e n t l y d e fi e d t h e b a s i c l aw s o f c h e m i s t r y
[ A ] T h e s e e m i n g l y t r i a n g u l a r s h a p e o f t h o s e s n ow f l a ke s
s u g g e s t s t h a t f o r m i n g t h r o u g h a d i ff e r e n t p r o c e s s o f
c h e m i c a l b o n d i n g [ B ] B y r e - c r e a t i n g s n ow f l a ke f o r m a t i o n ,
a d i s c ove r y h a s r eve a l e d t o s c i e n t i s t s Ke n n e t h L i b b r e c h t
a n d H a n n a h A r n o l d t h e c a u s e o f t h i s a p p a r e n t va r i a t i o n [ 2 ]
S n ow f l a ke s b eg i n t o f o r m w h e n wa t e r i n t h e
a t m o s p h e r e f r e e z e s i t c a u s e s t h e wa t e r m o l e c u l e s
t o b o n d i n t o a h ex a g o n a l s h a p e D u r i n g t h e f l a ke ’s
d e s c e n t f r o m E a r t h ’s u p p e r a t m o s p h e r e , o t h e r wa t e r
va p o r m o l e c u l e s bu m p s i n t o t h e h ex a g o n a l s t r u c t u r e .
1 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . f o r m , f r o m t i ny, wa t e r d r o p l e t s ,
C . f o r m f r o m t i ny, wa t e r, d r o p l e t s
D. f o r m , f r o m t i ny wa t e r d r o p l e t s
2 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . f o r ex a m p l e ,
H . a d d i t i o n a l l y, J. h ow eve r,
3 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . t h e m a n n e r i n w h i c h f o r m a t i o n
C . w h i c h h a d f o r m e d
D. t h a t t h ey f o r m
4 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . t h e d i s c ove r y o f t h e c a u s e o f t h i s a p p a r e n t va r i a t i o n
h a s b e e n m a d e b y s c i e n t i s t s Ke n n e t h L i b b r e c h t a n d
H a n n a h A r n ol d .
H . s c i e n t i s t s Ke n n e t h L i b b r e c h t a n d H a n n a h A r n o l d have discovered the cause of this apparent variation
J. t h e c a u s e o f t h i s a p p a r e n t va r i a t i o n h a s b e
c o v e r e d b y s c i e n t i s t s K
t h L i b b
h t a n d H a n n a h A r n o l d .
5 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . f r e e z e s , c a u s i n g
C . f r e e z e s , i t c a u s e s D. f r e e z e s , t h i s c a u s e s
6 . F. N O C H A N G E G . h a s bu m p e d H . bu m p e d J. bu m p
B y p a s s i n g t h e l i q u i d wa t e r p h a s e , t h o s e m o l e c u l e s
c o n d e n s e d i r e c t l y o n t o t h e e s t a b l i s h e d h ex a g o n a l p a t t e r n
A s a r e s u l t , t h e f l a ke g r ow s o u t wa r d i n t o b i g g e r a n d m o r e
c o m p l ex h ex a g o n a l a r r a n g e m e n t s s u r r o u n d i n g t h e o r i g i n a l
h ex a g o n a l s h a p e a t t h e c e n t e r o f t h e f l a ke [C ]
[ 3 ]
I n 2 0 0 9 , L i b b r e c h t a n d A r n o l d ’s ex p e r i m e n t s
r eve a l e d t h a t t r i a n g u l a r s n ow f l a ke s b eg i n w i t h t h e
s a m e p r o c e s s o f c h e m i c a l b o n d i n g a n d f o r m s a h ex a g o n a l
s h a p e T h e t r i a n g u l a r s h a p e i s a n i l l u s i o n r e s u l t i n g f r o m
o n e s i g n i fi c a n t a d d i t i o n t o t h e p r o c e s s d u s t [ 4 ]
Tr i a n g u l a r s n ow f l a ke s b eg i n t o f o r m w h e n a t i ny
d u s t p a r t i c l e o r o t h e r s u c h i m p u r i t y c o l l i d e s w i t h t h e
f l a ke a s i t fa l l s , t h e r e b y p u s h i n g o n e e d g e u p wa r d [ D ]
T h e d ow n wa r d e d g e o f t h e s n ow f l a ke e n c o u n t e r s m o r e
w i n d r e s i s t a n c e t h a n t h e r e s t o f t h e f l a ke . T h e g r e a t e r
t h e p r e s s u r e f r o m t h e w i n d , c a u s e s b o n d s t o f o r m
q u i c k a t t h i s e d g e t h a n i n t h e r e s t o f t h e s n ow f l a ke [ 5 ]
T h e r e s u l t i n g s n ow f l a ke h a s t h r e e l o n g s i d e s a n d
t h r e e s i d e s t h a t a r e s o s h o r t t h ey a r e d i ffi c u l t t o d e t e c t .
A l t h o u g h t h e s e s n ow f l a ke s a p p e a r t o h ave a t r i a n g u l a r
s h a p e t h ey a c t u a l l y h ave a h ex a g o n a l p a t t e r n S u c h
s n ow f l a ke s o ff e r ev i d e n c e t h a t eve n w h e n i m p u r i t i e s
i n t e r f e r e , t h e b a s i c l aw s o f c h e m i s t r y s t i l l a p p l y
7 . I f t h e w r i t e r w e r e t o d e l e t e t h e u n d e r l i n e d p o r t i o n
( a d j u s t i n g t h e c a p i t a l i z a t i o n a s n e e d e d ) , t h e s e n t e n c e
wo u l d p r i m a r i l y l o s e :
A . a n e x p l a n a t i o n o f t h e p r o c e s s w a t e r m o l e c u l e s
u n d e rg o t o c h a n g e f r o m l i q u i d t o va p o r t o s o l i d .
B . a d e t a i l t h a t m e n t i o n s a s t e p s o m e wa t e r m o l e c u l e s
s k i p i n c h a n g i n g f r o m va p o r t o s o l i d .
C . a v i s u a l d e s c r i p t i o n o f w h a t wa t e r va p o r m o l e c u l e s
l o o k l i ke
D. a n ex p l a n a t i o n o f h ow m ol e c u l e s r e a c t t o va r i o u s
a i r t e m p e r a t u r e s
8 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . w e r e t h ey t o f o r m
H . i f t h ey f o r m e d
J. f o r m
9 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . p r o c e s s i s
C . p r o c e s s :
D. p r o c e s s ;
1 0 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . p r e s s u r e f r o m t h e w i n d , w h i c h
H . t h e p r e s s u r e , a s t h e w i n d
J. p r e s s u r e f r o m t h e w i n d
1 1 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . m o r e q u i c k l y
C . m o s t q u i c k l y
D. q u i c ke s t
1 2 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . s h a p e , H . s h a p e ;
J. s h a p e :
1 3 . W h i c h c h o i c e m o s t e ff e c t ive l y c o n c l u d e s t h e s e n t e n c e
a n d t h e e s s a y ?
A . N O C H A N G E
B . s c i e n t i s t s c a n b e c e r t a i n t h a t a s o l u t i o n t o eve n t h e
m o s t c o n f u s i n g eve n t w i l l b e f o u n d
C . s n ow f l a ke s w i l l s t i l l fa l l i f a t m o s p h e r i c c o n d i t i o n s a r e favo r a b l e
D. s n o w f l a k e s c o m e i n m a n y d i f f e r e n t s h a p e s a n d s i z e s .
1 4 . T h e w r i t e r i s c o n s i d e r i n g a d d i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g s e n -
t e n c e t o t h e e s s a y :
T h i s g r o w t h c a n t a k e t h e f o r m o f e i t h e r
b r a n c h i n g ( w h i c h f o r m s s t a b l e , s y m m e t r i c a l
s h a p e s ) o r f a c e t i n g ( w h i c h f o r m s u n s t a b l e ,
c o m p l ex s h a p e s ) .
I f t h e w r i t e r w e r e t o a d d t h i s s e n t e n c e , i t wo u l d m o s t
l o g i c a l l y b e p l a c e d a t P o i n t :
F. A i n Pa r a g r a p h 1 .
G . B i n Pa r a g r a p h 1
H . C i n Pa r a g r a p h 2
J. D i n Pa r a g r a p h 4 .
PAS S AG E I I
C l i m b i n g M t . F u j i [ 1 ]
B u n d l e d u p i n wo o l s w e a t e r s a n d t h i c k
c o a t s , a n d w e wa t c h e d t h e s u n s e t t i n g o n M t . F u j i
i n J a p a n . I t wa s A u g u s t a n d o u r c l o t h e s w e r e s t i f l i n g ,
bu t w e wo u l d h ave n e e d e d t h e wa r m t h f r o m o u r b o d i e s
Q u e s t i o n s 14 a n d 15 a s k a b o u t t h e p re c e d i n g p a s s a g e a s a w h o l e 1 6 1 7
s e a l e d a r o u n d u s a s w e h i ke d i n t o t h e h i g h a l t i t u d e s
T h r e e f r i e n d s a n d I s t e p p e d awa y f r o m t h e c r ow d o f
o t h e r h i ke r s a n d s p o ke o u r i n t e n t i o n : “ S u n s e t a t t h e
b a s e , s u n r i s e a t t h e t o p . ” [A ] [ 2 ]
A s w e h i ke d , a p a t c h wo r k o f c l o u d s s w e p t a c r o s s
t h e d a r ke n i n g s ky, h i d i n g a l l t r a c e s o f o u r s u r r o u n d i n g s
o u t s i d e o u r f l a s h l i g h t s ’ b e a m s . T h e t r a i l g r a d u a l l y c h a n g e d
f r o m c o m p a c t d i r t to a j u m b l e o f vo l c a n i c r o c k s [ B ]
1 5 . S u p p o s e t h e w r i t e r ’s p r i m a r y p u r p o s e h a d b e e n t o o ff e r
a n ex a m p l e o f a d i s c ove r y t h a t c h a n g e d t h e wa y s c i e n -
t i s t s v i ew e d t h e b a s i c l a w s o f c h e m i s t r y. Wo u l d t h i s
e s s a y a c c o m p l i s h t h a t p u r p o s e ?
A . Ye s , b e c a u s e i t d e s c r i b e s h ow t h e o b s e r va t i o n o f
t r i a n g u l a r s n ow f l a ke s h a s l e d s c i e n t i s t s t o d i s c ove r
t h a t t h e i r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e b a s i c l aw s o f c h e m -
i s t r y i s f l aw e d
B . Ye s, b e c a u s e i t d e s c r i b e s h o w s c i e n t i s t s h a v e
a p p l i e d t h e k n o w l e d g e t h e y ’ v e g a i n e d t h r o u g h
s t u d y i n g s n ow f l a ke s t o o t h e r a r e a s o f c h e m i s t r y.
C . N o , b e c a u s e i t f o c u s e s o n h ow s c i e n t i s t s a r e s t r u g -
g l i n g t o d e t e r m i n e h ow t r i a n g u l a r s n ow f l a k e s a r e
f o r m e d .
D. N o , b e c a u s e i t ex p l a i n s t h a t t r i a n g u l a r s n ow f l a ke s
a p p e a r e d t o , bu t d o n ’ t a c t u a l l y, v i o l a t e t h e b a s i c
l aw s o f c h e m i s t r y.
1 6 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . c o a t s w h i l e wa t c h i n g
H . c o a t s , w e wa t c h e d
J. c o a t s wa t c h i n g
1 7 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . wo u l d n e e d
C . w i l l n e e d
D. n e e d
We t r i e d t o s t e a d y o u r s e l ve s w i t h o u r
wa l k i n g s t i c k s bu t s l i p p e d a n d s t u m b l e d
b e c a u s e o f t h e j u m b l e d r o c k s w e w e r e s l i p p i n g o n [ 3 ]
E ve r y t h o u s a n d f e e t , w e c a m e t o a s m a l l s t a t i o n
c o n s t r u c t e d o f t i n a n d c e m e n t , b a r e l y a b l e t o b l o c k
t h e w i n d . A t e a c h o n e , w e n o t e d t h e r o o f p i l e d h i g h o n
fa l l e n r o c k s a n d f e l t b o t h u n s e t t l e d a n d r e a s s u r e d b y t h i s
ev i d e n c e o f t h e s t a t i o n ’s p r o t e c t ive a b i l i t y We r e s t e d
u n e a s i l y f o r a m o m e n t a s a c l e r k bu r n e d t h e s t a t i o n b r a n d
i n t o o u r wa l k i n g s t i c k s w h i c h i t wa s p r o o f o f o u r p r o g r e s s
t h r o u g h t h e d a r k n e s s . [ 4 ]
A s w e n e a r e d t h e s u m m i t , t h e w h o l e g r o u p o f
h i ke r s t h i n l y s p r e a d a c r o s s t h e m o u n t a i n f o r m o s t o f
t h e r o u t e c o n d e n s e d , f o r m i n g a n i l l u m i n a t e d l i n e a l o n g
1 8 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . eve n t h o u g h w e u s e d o u r wa l k i n g s t i c k s
H . d e s p i t e a ny e ff o r t s t o r e m a i n s t e a d y.
J. w i t h e a c h s t e p
t h e t r a i l . [ C ] O u r p a c e s l ow e d . P r o g r e s s i n g a l o n g t h e t r a i l ,
w e r e a c h e d t h e s u m m i t j u s t five m i n u t e s b e f o r e d aw n [ D ]
1 9 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . p i l i n g h i g h w i t h
C . p i l e d h i g h w i t h
D. p i l i n g h i g h o n
I n t h e h a l f - l i g h t o f t h e r i s i n g s u n : w e b eg a n t o m a ke
o u t t h e d a r k l i n e s o f t h e c l i ff s ’ a t t h e c r a t e r ’s e d g e
2 0 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . s t i c k s , i t wa s p r o o f o f
H . s t i c k s , p r o o f o f
J. s t i c k s p r ove d
2 1 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . t h e m o s t p a r t
C . m a j o r i t y
D. m o r e
2 2 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . t h ey f o r m e d
H . t h e r e wa s
J. w e s aw
2 3 . W h i c h c h o i c e e m p h a s i z e s t h e s l ow n e s s o f t h e a s c e n t
a n d s u p p o r t s t h e i d e a t h a t t h e n a r r a t o r ’s g r o u p o f
f r i e n d s d i d n o t s e t t h e i r ow n p a c e ?
A . N O C H A N G E
B . A b l e t o a d va n c e o n l y a f ew s t e p s a t a t i m e ,
C . M ov i n g f o r wa r d w i t h e a c h s t e p ,
D. C l i m b i n g h i g h e r i n a l t i t u d e ,
2 4 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . s u n H . s u n , J. s u n ;
2 5 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . c l i ff ’s a t t h e c r a t e r s ’
C . c l i ff s a t t h e c r a t e r ’s
D. c l i ff s a t t h e c r a t e r s
We c r o u c h e d d ow n o n j u t t i n g p i e c e s o f r o c k a n d wa i t e d f o r
t h e s h i f t i n g c l o u d s t o c l e a r We wa i t e d f o r t h e s u n : [ 5 ]
G e n e r a l l y, a s u d d e n g a p i n t h e c l o u d s l e f t u s b l i n k i n g
2 7
a s t h e s u n l i g h t s q u e l c h e d o u t t h e s eve r e l a n d s c a p e o f
2 6 . I f t h e w r i t e r w e r e t o d e l e t e t h e p r e c e d i n g s e n t e n c e , t h e
p a r a g r a p h wo u l d p r i m a r i l y l o s e :
F. a r e s t a t e m e n t o f a n i d e a t h a t e m p h a s i z e s t h e
h i ke r s ’ a n t i c i p a t i o n w h e n t h ey r e a c h e d t h e s u m m i t
G . a s t a t e m e n t t h a t i n t r o d u c e s t h e i d e a o f w a i t i n g , w h i c h i s t h e f o c u s o f t h e f o l l ow i n g p a r a g r a p h
H . a n u n n e c e s s a r y d e t a i l t h a t c o n t r a d i c t s i n f o r m a t i o n
p r e s e n t e d e a r l i e r i n t h e p a r a g r a p h .
J. a c l e a r i m a g e t h a t c o nv e y s w h a t t h e h i k e r s s a w
w h e n t h ey r e a c h e d t h e s u m m i t
2 7 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . F u r t h e r m o r e ,
C . O n c e a g a i n ,
D. F i n a l l y,
2 8 . W h i c h c h o i c e m o s t d r a m a t i c a l l y e m p h a s i z e s t h e
r u g g e d n e s s o f t h e l a n d s c a p e ?
g r a y vo l c a n i c r o c k . We l e a n e d a g a i n s t e a c h o t h e r, s p e n t .
P e r h a p s t h e r e i s t r u t h i n t h e o l d J a p a n e s e s a y i n g : A w i s e
m a n c l i m b s M t F u j i , bu t o n l y a f o o l c l i m b s i t t w i c e
2 9 . T h e w r i t e r wa n t s t o a d d t h e f o l l ow i n g s e n t e n c e t o t h e
e s s a y :
We c l i p p e d s m a l l f l a s h l i g h t s o n t o o u r c o a t s ,
p i c k e d u p o u r w a l k i n g s t i c k s , a n d s t a r t e d u p
t h e t r a i l w i t h t h e o t h e r h i k e r s a s t h e s u n
d i p p e d b e l ow t h e tr e e s
T h e s e n t e n c e wo u l d m o s t l o g i c a l l y b e p l a c e d a t P o i n t :
A . A i n Pa r a g r a p h 1
B . B i n Pa r a g r a p h 2
C . C i n Pa r a g r a p h 4 .
D. D i n Pa r a g r a p h 4
PAS S AG E I I I
T h e Po t t e r y o f M a t a O r t i z
I n t h e e a r l y 1 9 5 0 s , a t w e l ve - y e a r- o l d
b oy n a m e d , J u a n Q u e z a d a , g a t h e r e d fi r ewo o d
2 8 3 1
i n t h e m o u n t a i n s n e a r t h e v i l l a g e o f M a t a O r t i z
i n C h i h u a h u a , M ex i c o . T h o u g h h e d r e a m e d o f
b e c o m i n g a n a r t i s t , Q u e z a d a s p e n t a l l o f h i s f r e e
F. N O C H A N G E
G . s h a t t e r e d ove r
H . s m o t h e r e d
J. w e n t ove r
t i m e s e l l i n g fi r ewo o d t o h e l p s u p p o r t h i s fa m i l y Q u e s t i o n s 2 9 a n d 3 0 a s k a b o u t t h e p re c e d i n g p a s s a g e a s a w h o l e
3 0 . S u p p o s e t h e w r i t e r ’s p r i m a r y p u r p o s e h a d b e e n t o
d e s c r i b e t h e ex p e r i e n c e o f d o i n g s o m e t h i n g d i ffi c u l t
Wo u l d t h i s e s s a y a c c o m p l i s h t h a t p u r p o s e ?
F. Ye s , b e c a u s e i t t e l l s a b o u t a va r i e t y o f c h a l l e n g e s
t h e h i ke r s fa c e d a l o n g t h e i r j o u r n ey
G . Ye s , b e c a u s e i t f o c u s e s p r i m a r i l y o n t h e h i k e r s ’
n e e d f o r wa l k i n g s t i c k s a n d o t h e r t o o l s t o m a ke i t u p t h e t r a i l
H . N o , b e c a u s e i t f o c u s e s o n t h e r ewa r d i n g n a t u r e o f
t h e e x p e r i e n c e bu t d o e s n o t d e s c r i b e t h e h i k e a s
c h a l l e n g i n g
J. N o , b e c a u s e i t f o c u s e s m a i n l y o n t h e b e a u t y o f t h e
s u r r o u n d i n g l a n d s c a p e
3 1 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . b oy n a m e d J u a n Q u e z a d a
C . b oy, n a m e d J u a n Q u e z a d a
D. b oy n a m e d J u a n Q u e z a d a ,
I n t h e m o u n t a i n s , Q u e z a d a f o u n d s h a r d s o f
p o t s , a n d a n o c c a s i o n a l c o m p l e t e p o t , p a i n t e d w i t h
i n t r i c a t e r e d a n d b l a c k d e s i g n s T h e s e w e r e a r t i fa c t s
f r o m h i s a n c e s t o r s , t h e Pa q u i m é ( o r C a s a s G r a n d e s )
I n d i a n s , w h o l ive d i n t h e a r e a f r o m a b o u t A D 1 0 0 0
t o A D 1 4 0 0 Fa s c i n a t e d b y t h e g e o m e t r i c d e s i g n s ,
Q u e z a d a wo n d e r e d , i f h e c o u l d m a ke p o t s l i ke t h e s e ?
BH e d u g t h e c l a y, s o a ke d i t , a n d t r i e d t o s h a p e i t
i n t o a p o t I n t i m e , h e fi g u r e d o u t h ow h i s a n c e s t o r s h a d
m i xe d t h e c l a y w i t h vo l c a n i c a s h t o ke e p i t f r o m c r a c k i n g
a n d h a d u s e d m i n e r a l s f o u n d n e a r b y t o c r e a t e p a i n t s W h e n
i t wa s t i m e t o p a i n t h i s p o t s , Q u e z a d a d e s i g n e d h i s ow n
c o m p l ex g e o m e t r i c p a t t e r n s
A s a n a d u l t , Q u e z a d a f o u n d a j o b w i t h t h e
r a i l r o a d , bu t h e a lwa y s m a d e t i m e f o r h i s a r t B y 1 9 7 6
h e wa s s e l l i n g p o t s t o t r ave l e r s a n d h a d t a u g h t s eve r a l
m e m b e r s o f h i s fa m i l y h ow t o m a ke p o t s T h r e e o f
Q u e z a d a ’s p o t s w e r e d i s c ove r e d i n a j u n k s h o p i n
N ew M ex i c o b y a n t h r o p o l o g i s t S p e n c e r M a c C a l l u m ,
w h o a t fi r s t t h o u g h t t h ey w e r e p r e h i s t o r i c . D
H i s s e a r c h f o r t h e i r c r e a t o r l e d h i m t o M a t a
O r t i z a n d a n eve n t u a l p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h Q u e z a d a .
3 2 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g a l t e r n a t ive s t o t h e u n d e r l i n e d
p o r t i o n wo u l d N OT b e a c c e p t a b l e ?
F. p o t s a l o n g w i t h a n o c c a s i o n a l c o m p l e t e p o t
G . p o t s , a l o n g w i t h a n o c c a s i o n a l c o m p l e t e p o t ,
H . p o t s , ( a n d a n o c c a s i o n a l c o m p l e t e p o t )
J. p o t s ( a n d a n o c c a s i o n a l c o m p l e t e p o t )
3 3 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . wo n d e r e d i f h e c o u l d m a ke p o t s l i ke t h e s e
C . wo n d e r e d , i f h e c o u l d m a ke p o t s l i ke t h e s e .
D. wo n d e r e d i f h e c o u l d m a ke p o t s l i ke t h e s e ?
3 4 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g t r u e s t a t e m e n t s wo u l d p r ov i d e
t h e b e s t t r a n s i t i o n f r o m t h e p r e c e d i n g p a r a g r a p h t o t h i s
p a r a g r a p h ?
F.
T h e v i l l a g e o f M a t a O r t i z i s o n l y t h r e e s t r e e t s w i d e
bu t s t r e t c h e s f o r a m i l e b e t w e e n t h e C a s a s G r a n d e s
R ive r a n d t h e r a i l r o a d t r a c k s .
G . T h e p a t t e r n s o n M a t a O r t i z p o t t e r y t h a t Q u e z a d a
a d m i r e d a r e b a s e d o n t h e t e c h n i q u e s o f t h e a n c i e n t
Pa q u i m é .
H . Q u e z a d a b e g a n w o r k i n g w i t h c l a y f r o m t h e
m o u n t a i n s
J. Q u e z a d a ’s p a i n t e d d e s i g n s b e c a m e i n c r e a s i n g l y c o m p l ex
3 5 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . a d e d i c a t i o n t o t e a c h i n g
C . a t e a c h e r o f
D. h a s t a u g h t
3 6 . I n t h e p r e c e d i n g s e n t e n c e , t h e c l a u s e “ w h o a t f i r s t
t h o u g h t t h e y w e r e p r e h i s t o r i c ” p r i m a r i l y s e r v e s t o
i n d i c a t e :
F. h ow c l o s e l y Q u e z a d a h a d c r e a t e d h i s p o t s w i t h i n
t h e Pa q u i m é t r a d i t i o n
G . t h a t Q u e z a d a ’s t e c h n i q u e a s a p o t t e r w a s n ’t ver y
w e l l d eve l o p e d y e t
H . h o w s t r i k i n g l y s i m p l e Q u e z a d a ’s p o t s w e r e i n
s h a p e a n d d e s i g n .
J. t h a t t h e s t y l e o f Q u e z a d a ’s p o t s wa s o u t m o d e d
3 7 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . l e a d h i m s e l f
C . l e d h i m s e l f
D. l e a d h i m
3 8 . W h i c h c h o i c e m o s t s t r o n g l y s u g g e s t s t h a t Q u e z a d a ’s
p a r t n e r s h i p w i t h M a c C a l l u m w a s n o t f o r m e d r i g h t
awa y u p o n M a c C a l l u m ’s a r r iva l i n M a t a O r t i z ?
F. N O C H A N G E
G . a c i r c u m s t a n t i a l
H . a m o m e n t a r y
J. a t i m e l y
M a c C a l l u m s h ow e d Q u e z a d a ’s p o t s t o a r t d e a l e r s i n t h e
U n i t e d S t a t e s , t h e p l a c e s i n w h i c h a r t g a l l e r i e s w e r e s o o n
o ff e r i n g Q u e z a d a t h o u s a n d s o f d o l l a r s f o r t h e m
[ 1 ] Q u e z a d a h e l p e d h i s v i l l a g e w i t h t h e m o n ey h e
e a r n e d s e l l i n g p o t t e r y, bu t h e wa n t e d t o d o m o r e s o [ 2 ] S o
h e t a u g h t p e o p l e f r o m M a t a O r t i z t o m a ke p o t s [ 3 ] To d a y
t h e r e a r e m o r e t h a n f o u r h u n d r e d p o t t e r s a r o u n d , a l l o f
w h i c h m a ke t h e i r p o t s b y h a n d , f o l l ow i n g t h e t r a d i t i o n s
o f t h e Pa q u i m é I n d i a n s [ 4 ] T h e v i l l a g e i s t h r iv i n g , a n d
m a ny m u s e u m s p r o u d l y d i s p l a y t h e p o t t e r y o f M a t a O r t i z
[ 5 ] E a c h a r t i s t b r o u g h t s o m e t h i n g u n i q u e t o t h ey ’r e
c r e a t i o n s .
3 9 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . a n d i t wo u l d h a p p e n t h e r e t h a t
C . w h e r e
D. D E L E T E t h e u n d e r l i n e d p o r t i o n
4 0 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . m o r e t h e n t h a t .
H . m o r e o f t h e m
J. m o r e .
4 1 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . p e o p l e c r e a t i n g a r t n ow,
C . p o t t e r s i n M a t a O r t i z ,
D. D E L E T E t h e u n d e r l i n e d p o r t i o n a n d p l a c e a
c o m m a a f t e r t h e wo r d h u n d re d .
4 2 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . w h o m H . t h e m
J. w h o
4 3 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . h i s o r h e r s e l ve s
C . h e r s o r h i s
D. h i s o r h e r
4 4 . Fo r t h e s a k e o f t h e l o gi c a n d c o h e r e n c e o f t h i s p a r a -
g r a p h , S e n t e n c e 5 s h o u l d b e p l a c e d :
F. w h e r e i t i s n ow
G . b e f o r e S e n t e n c e 1 .
H . a f t e r S e n t e n c e 1
J. a f t e r S e n t e n c e 2
Q u e s t i o n 4 5 a s k s a b o u t t h e p re c e d i n g p a s s a g e a s a w h o l e
4 5 . S u p p o s e t h e w r i t e r ’s p r i m a r y p u r p o s e h a d b e e n t o w r i t e
a n e s s a y s u m m a r i z i n g t h e h i s t o r y o f p o t t e r y m a k i n g i n
M ex i c o . Wo u l d t h i s e s s a y a c c o m p l i s h t h a t p u r p o s e ?
A . Ye s , b e c a u s e i t d i s c u s s e s a n c i e n t p o t t e r y s h a r d s
a n d c o m p l e t e p o t s f r o m t h e Pa q u i m é I n d i a n s a n d c o m p a r e s t h a t p o t t e r y t o m o d e r n d e s i g n s .
B . Ye s , b e c a u s e i t d e m o n s t r a t e s t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e
a n c i e n t p o t t e r y o f t h e M a t a O r t i z a r e a .
C . N o , b e c a u s e i t f o c u s e s i n s t e a d o n h ow o n e a r t i s t b a s e d h i s c r e a t i o n s o n a n c i e n t p o t t e r y t e c h n i q u e s
a n d s h a r e d t h o s e t e c h n i q u e s w i t h o t h e r a r t i s t s .
D. N o , b e c a u s e i t f o c u s e s i n s t e a d o n d e s c r i b i n g t h e
C a s a s G r a n d e s c u l t u r e i n a n c i e n t M ex i c o
PAS S AG E I V
B e a u x A r t s A rc h i t e c t u re i n t h e S p o t l i g h t
O n We s t 4 5 t h S t r e e t i n N ew Yo r k C i t y, w e d g e d
b e t w e e n bu i l d i n g s m o r e t h a n t w i c e i t ’s h e i g h t , s t a n d s
4 6
t h e Ly c e u m T h e a t r e To u r i s t s a n d N ew Yo r ke r s
a l i ke r eg u l a r l y fi l l i n g t h i s t h e a t e r t o i t s 9 0 0 - s e a t
4 7
c a p a c i t y M o s t a r e t h e r e t o a t t e n d a p e r f o r m a n c e ;
a f ew, f o r ex a m p l e , a r e l i ke l y t o b e a r c h i t e c t u r e bu ff s
4 6 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . t h ey ’r e
H . t h e i r
J. i t s
4 7 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . a l i ke , r eg u l a r l y fi l l i n g
C . a l i ke , r eg u l a r l y fi l l
D. a l i ke r eg u l a r l y fi l l
4 8 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . c o n s e q u e n t l y,
H . h ow eve r,
J. i n fa c t ,
t h ey c o m e t o a d m i r e t h e s t u n n i n g bu i l d i n g i t s e l f B u i l t i n
4 8 4 9
1 9 0 3 , t h e t h e a t e r exe m p l i fi e s t h e B e a u x A r t s a r c h i t e c t u r a l
s t y l e , w h i c h f u s e s e l e m e n t s o f c l a s s i c a l G r e e k a n d R o m a n
d e s i g n w i t h R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e d e t a i l s
T h e B e a u x A r t s r ev iva l o f c l a s s i c a l G r e e k a n d R o m a n
a r c h i t e c t u r e i s a p p a r e n t o n fi r s t v i ew o f t h e t h e a t e r T h e
Ly c e u m ’s fa c a d e t h e ex t e r i o r f r o n t , o r “ fa c e , ” o f t h e
bu i l d i n g f e a t u r e s h a l f a d o z e n C o r in t h i a n c o l u m n s
A b ove t h e c o l u m n s ex t e n d s a h o r i z o n t a l s t o n e b a n d
c a l l e d a f r i e z e ; c a r ve d i n t o i t a r e t h e c l a s s i c a l t h e a t r i c a l
5 0
m a s k s t h a t r e p r e s e n t c o m e d y a n d t r a g e d y. S
4 9 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . t h e r e t o
C . w h o m
D. t h ey
5 0 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . f r i e z e ; i n t o w h i c h a r e c a r ve d
H . f r i e z e . I n t o w h i c h a r e c a r ve d
J. f r i e z e , c a r ve d i n t o i t a r e
5 1 . T h e w r i t e r i s c o n s i d e r i n g a d d i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g
s e n t e n c e :
M a s k s fi g u r e d p r o m i n e n t l y i n c l as s i c a l G r e e k t h e a t e r p e r f o r m a n c e s , i n p a r t d u e t o t h e f a c t
t h a t o n e a c t o r w o u l d u s u a l l y p l a y s e v e r a l
c h a r a c t e r s .
S h o u l d t h e w r i t e r m a ke t h i s a d d i t i o n h e r e ?
A . Ye s , b e c a u s e i t c o n n e c t s t h e p a r a g r a p h ’s p o i n t a b o u t t h e a t r i c a l m a s k s t o t h e l a rg e r s u b j e c t o f c l a s -
s i c a l G r e e k t h e a t e r
B . Ye s , b e c a u s e i t ex p l a i n s t h e m a s k s ’ s i g n i fi c a n c e t o
c l a s s i c a l G r e e k t h e a t e r a n d a r c h i t e c t u r e .
C . N o , b e c a u s e i t o n l y a d d r e s s e s cl a s s i c a l G r e e k
t h e a t e r a n d d o e s n ’ t i n c l u d e i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t
R o m a n t h e a t e r
D. N o , b e c a u s e i t d ev i a t e s f r o m t h e p a r a g r a p h ’s f o c u s
o n t h e Ly c e u m T h e a t r e ’s a r c h i t e c t u r e .
D e m o n s t r a t i n g t h e B e a u x A r t s i n f u s i o n o f
R e n a i s s a n c e a n d B a r o q u e d e t a i l s , t a l l , a r c h e d F r e n c h
w i n d ow s , s y m m e t r i c a l l y p l a c e d b e t w e e n t h e c o l u m n s ,
l i g h t e n t h e i m p o s i n g g r a y l i m e s t o n e s t r u c t u r e . [A ]
A b ove t h e w i n d ow s a n d f r i e z e , a n ex t e r i o r b a l c o ny s p a n s
t h e w i d t h o f t h e g r a y bu i l d i n g [ B ] T h e b a l c o ny i s f e n c e d
5 2 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . g r a y l i m e s t o n e
H . l i m e s t o n e
J. D E L E T E t h e u n d e r l i n e d p o r t i o n
w i t h a b a l u s t r a d e , a s t o n e r a i l i n g s u p p o r t e d b y a r ow
o f wa i s t - h i g h , va s e - s h a p e d p i l l a r s . [ C ] T h e o r n a t e
i n t e r i o r o f t h e bu i l d i n g i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h i t s e l a b o r a t e
ex t e r i o r [ D ] N o t j u s t o n e bu t t wo m a r b l e - fi n i s h e d
g r a n d s t a i r c a s e s l e a d f r o m t h e f oy e r t o t h e m i d l eve l
s e a t i n g a r e a , c a l l e d t h e m e z z a n i n e . I n s i d e t h e t h e a t e r
i t s e l f , e l eg a n t c h a n d e l i e r s i l l u m i n a t e r o s e - c o l o r e d wa l l s
5 2 5 3 5 4
t h a t h ave g o l d a c c e n t s I n ke e p i n g w i t h s u m p t u o u s
5 5
B e a u x A r t s s t y l e , c u r ve d r ow s o f p l u s h p u r p l e c h a i r s
e m b r a c e t h e s t a g e XY
5 3 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . b a l u s t r a d e W h i c h i s
C . b a l u s t r a d e . I t b e i n g
D. b a l u s t r a d e , t h i s i s
5 4 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . e l eg a n t l y c h a n d e l i e r i l l u m i n a t e s
H . e l eg a n t l y c h a n d e l i e r i l l u m i n a t e
J. e l eg a n t c h a n d e l i e r s i l l u m i n a t e s
5 5 . W h i c h c h o i c e m a i n t a i n s t h e e s s a y’s p o s i t ive t o n e a n d
m o s t s t r o n g l y m i m i c s t h e e l a b o r a t e s t y l e o f d e c o r
b e i n g d e s c r i b e d a t t h i s p o i n t i n t h e e s s a y ?
A . N O C H A N G E
B . e m b e l l i s h e d w i t h m y r i a d g o l d a c c e n t s .
C . m a r r e d w i t h g a u d y a c c e n t s o f g o l d
D. a c c e n t e d w i t h g o l d .
5 6 . I f t h e w r i t e r w e r e t o d e l e t e t h e p r e c e d i n g s e n t e n c e , t h e
e s s a y wo u l d p r i m a r i l y l o s e d e t a i l s t h a t :
F. i l l u s t r a t e o n e o f t h e Ly c e u m T h e a t r e ’s f e a t u r e s t h a t
d ev i a t e s f r o m B e a u x A r t s a r ch i t e c t u r e
G . c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e Ly c e u m
T h e a t r e ’s e l a b o r a t e i n t e r i o r
H . s u p p o r t t h e e s s a y ’s c l a i m t h a t B e a u x A r t s a r c h i t e c -
t u r e wa s m o s t p o p u l a r i n t h e t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y.
J. c l a r i f y a n u n fa m i l i a r a r c h i t e c t u r a l t e r m u s e d i n t h e e s s a y.
5 7 . T h e w r i t e r wa n t s t o d iv i d e t h i s p a r a g r a p h i n t o t wo i n
o r d e r t o s e p a r a t e d e t a i l s a b o u t t h e bu i l d i n g ’s o u t d o o r
f e a t u r e s f r o m d e t a i l s a b o u t i t s i n d o o r f e a t u re s T h e b e s t p l a c e t o b eg i n t h e n ew p a r a g r a p h wo u l d b e a t P o i n t :
A . A . B . B C . C . D. D
Pa t r o n s c r e d i t t h e h a n d s o m e B e a u x A r t s a e s t h e t i c
5 8 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . I n t h e s a m e m a n n e r, p a t r o n s
H . O n o n e h a n d , p a t r o n s
J.
Fo r i n s t a n c e , p a t r o n s
w i t h a d d i n g e n h a n c e m e n t t o t h e i r t h e a t e rg o i n g ex p e r i e n c e
T h o u g h s m a l l e r a n d m o r e c r a m p e d t h a n m a ny n ew e r
t h e a t e r s a u d i e n c e m e m b e r s o f t e n n o t e t h a t l eg r o o m i s
l i m i t e d t h e Ly c e u m ’s d i s t i n c t ive a t m o s p h e r e c o n t i n u e s
t o d e l i g h t t h e a t e r fa n s a s w e l l a s a r c h i t e c t u r e e n t h u s i a s t s
PAS S AG E V
M o t h e r Jo n e s : Tr u e t o t h e S p i r i t o f H e r C a u s e
T h e a u t o b i o g r a p h y b y M a r y H a r r i s J o n e s i s r i d d l e d
w i t h fa c t u a l i n a c c u r a t e J o n e s eve n f u d g e s h e r d a t e o f
5 9 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . a d d i n g e n h a n c e m e n t t o t h e ex p e r i e n c e o f
C . a d d i n g t o t h e ex p e r i e n c e o f
D. e n h a n c i n g
Q u e s t i o n 6 0 a s k s a b o u t t h e p re c e d i n g p a s s a g e a s a w h o l e
6 0 . S u p p o s e t h e w r i t e r ’s p r i m a r y p u r p o s e h a d b e e n t o
ex p l a i n h ow a bu i l d i n g i l l u s t r a t e s a p a r t i c u l a r a r c h i t e c -
t u r a l s t y l e . Wo u l d t h i s e s s a y a c c o m p l i s h t h a t p u r p o s e ?
F. Ye s , b e c a u s e i t d e s c r i b e s t h e a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t y l e s o f
s eve r a l N ew Yo r k t h e a t e r bu i l d i n g s
G . Ye s , b e c a u s e i t e n u m e r a t e s a n u m b e r o f t h e
Ly c e u m T h e a t r e ’s B e a u x A r t s f e a t u r e s
H . N o , b e c a u s e i t f o c u s e s m o r e s p e c i fi c a l l y o n t h e s e t
d e s i g n f o r t h e Ly c e u m T h e a t r e ’s p r o d u c t i o n s
J. N o , b e c a u s e i t f o c u s e s o n m o r e t h a n o n e a r c h i t e c -
t u r a l s t y l e .
b i r t h , s h e fa l s e l y l i s t s M a y 1 , I n t e r n a t i o n a l Wo r ke r s ’
5 8 5 9 6 1 6 2
D a y, a n d a g e s h e r s e l f b y n e a r l y a d e c a d e . T h e s e
u n t r u t h s w h e t h e r d e l i b e r a t e ex a g g e r a t i o n s o r
s l i p s o f t h e m e m o r y u l t i m a t e l y m a t t e r s ve r y
l i t t l e , f o r t h e a u t o b i o g r a p h y i s n ’t a b o u t t h e l i f e o f
4
M a r y H a r r i s J o n e s J o n e s b e c a m e fa m o u s f o r h e r wo r k
5
6 1 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . fa c t u a l l y i n a c c u r a c i e s
C . fa c t u a l i n a c c u r a c i e s .
D. fa c t u a l l y i n a c c u r a t e
6 2 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . b i r t h : s h e fa l s e l y l i s ts
H . b i r t h ; fa l s e l y l i s t i n g
J. b i r t h , fa l s e l y l i s t i n g :
6 3 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . h a s m a t t e r e d
C . h a d m a t t e r e d
D. m a t t e r
6 4 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . l i t t l e Fo r H . l i t t l e ; f o r
J. l i t t l e ,
6 5 . G ive n t h a t a l l t h e c h o i c e s a r e t r u e , w h i c h o n e p r ov i d e s t h e b e s t t r a n s i t i o n i n t o t h e r e s t o f t h e e s s a y ?
A . N O C H A N G E
B . B o r n i n C o r k , I r e l a n d , i n 1 8 3 7 , J o n e s i m m i g r a t e d
t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s i n t h e m i d - 1 8 0 0 s
C . R a t h e r, i t ’s t h e s t o r y o f h e r p u b l i c p e r s o n a , t h e r a di c a l l a b o r a c t iv i s t “ M o t h e r J o n e s ”
D. I n s t e a d , t h i s e s s a y w i l l s h ow y o u w h y J o n e s ’s r o l e i n h i s t o r y i s s o i m p o r t a n t .
W h e n M a r y H a r r i s J o n e s g o t i nvo l ve d
i n l a b o r p o l i t i c s i n t h e 1 8 6 0 s , i t wa s r a r e f o r
a wo m a n t o a t t e n d , l e t a l o n e a d d r e s s , u n i o n
m e e t i n g s . J o n e s , h ow eve r, b e c a m e o n e o f t h e
m ove m e n t ’s m o s t p ow e r f u l a n d c o n t r ove r s i a l a d vo c a t e ’s
S h e t r ave l e d t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , f r o m t h e c o a l m i n e s o f
A p p a l a c h i a t o t h e r a i l r o a d y a r d s o f t h e We s t , r a l l y i n g
wo r ke r s t o j o i n u n i o n s a n d fi g h t f o r b e t t e r wo r k i n g
c o n d i t i o n s S p e c i fi c a l l y, J o n e s h e l p e d o rg a n i z e e ff o r t s
t o e n s u r e t h a t e m p l oy e r s c o m p l i e d w i t h l aw s g ove r n i n g
wo r k d a y h o u r s a n d c h i l d l a b o r.
T h e m o n i ke r “ M o t h e r J o n e s ” wa s c o n f e r r e d o n J o n e s
b y m e m b e r s o f t h e A m e r i c a n R a i lwa y U n i o n S h e h e r s e l f,
a d o p t e d t h e n a m e a n d , s u b s e q u e n t l y, a c o r r e s p o n d i n g
p u b l i c p e r s o n a . H e r a u d i e n c e s c a m e t o ex p e c t “ M o t h e r
J o n e s . ” d B y 1 9 0 0 , t h e w h i t e - h a i r e d , c a l i c o - f r o c ke d
6 6 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . m o v e m e n t ’s m o s t p o w e r f u l a n d c o n t r o v e r s i a l a d vo c a t e s ’
H . m o v e m e n t ’s m o s t p o w e r f u l a n d c o n t r o v e r s i a l
a d vo c a t e s .
J. m o v e m e n t s m o s t p o w e r f u l a n d c o n t r o v e r s i a l a d vo c at e s .
6 7 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . S h e , h e r s e l f ,
C . S h e , h e r s e l f
D. S h e h e r s e l f
6 8 . A t t h i s p o i n t , t h e w r i t e r i s c o n s i d e r i n g a d d i n g t h e f o l -
l ow i n g t r u e s t a t e m e n t :
To m e e t t h e i r ex p e c t a t i o n s , J o n e s c r a f t e d h e r
s p e e c h , d r e s s , a n d m a n n e r i s m s b a s e d o n c u l -
t u r a l n o t i o n s o f m o t h e r h o o d
S h o u l d t h e w r i t e r m a ke t h i s a d d i t i o n h e r e ?
F.
Ye s , b e c a u s e i t h i g h l i g h t s t h e c o n t r a s t b e t w e e n
J o n e s ’s p e r s o n a l s t y l e a n d h e r a u d i e n c e s ’
G . Ye s , b e c a u s e i t a d d s d e t a i l s a b o u t w h a t t y p e s o f
c h a n g e s J o n e s m a d e t o c r e a t e h e r p u b l i c p e r s o n a .
H . N o , b e c a u s e i t d e t r a c t s f r o m t h e f o c u s o f t h e p a r a -
g r a p h b y i n t r o d u c i n g u n r e l a t e d d e t a i l s .
J. N o , b e c a u s e i t d o e s n ’t i n d i c a t e t h e e ff e c t J o n e s ’s p u b l i c p e r s o n a h a d o n a u d i e n c e s
fi g u r e wa s n o l o n g e r k n ow n a s M a r y H a r r i s J o n e s ,
t h e m e d i a , u n i o n l e a d e r s a n d wo r ke r s , a n d eve n U . S .
p r e s i d e n t s r e f e r r e d t o h e r a s M o t h e r J o n e s .
E m b r a c i n g t h e ve r y r o l e u s e d t o c o n fi n e
wo m e n t o t h e d o m e s t i c s p h e r e , J o n e s s u bve r s ive l y
r e d e fi n e d t h e b o u n d a r i e s o f h o m e a n d fa m i l y.
6 9 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . J o n e s , i n fa c t ,
C . J o n e s i n fa c t
D. J o n e s ;
“ M y a d d r e s s i s l i ke m y s h o e s , ” s h e s a i d “ I t t r ave l s w i t h
7 0
m e w h e r eve r I g o ” S h e wa s t h e m a t r i a r c h w h o s t a u n c h l y
7 0
p r o t e c t e d wo r ke r s g
A n d p r o t e c t t h e m s h e d i d : W h e n wo r ke r s
7 0 . I f t h e w r i t e r w e r e t o d e l e t e t h e u n d e r l i n e d p o r t i o n , t h e
p a r a g r a p h wo u l d p r i m a r i l y l o s e a q u o t a t i o n t h a t :
F. q u e s t i o n s t h e d i s t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n M a r y H a r r i s
J o n e s a n d h e r p u b l i c p e r s o n a , M o t h e r J o n e s
G . r e i n f o r c e s t h e e s s a y ’s c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f M o t h e r
J o n e s a s a h a p py - g o - l u c ky va g a b o n d
H . r e i t e r a t e s t h e p o i n t t h a t J o n e s e n j o y e d t h e t r av e l
o p p o r t u n i t i e s h e r wo r k p r ov i d e d
J. p r ov i d e s s u p p o r t f o r t h e c l a i m t h a t J o n e s r e d e fi n e d
t h e b o u n d a r i e s o f h o m e .
7 1 . I n t h e p r e c e d i n g s e n t e n c e , t h e w r i t e r i s c o n s i d e r i n g
r e p l a c i n g “ w o r k e r s ” w i t h “ h e r f a m i l y o f w o r k e r s . ”
S h o u l d t h e w r i t e r m a ke t h i s r ev i s i o n ?
A . Ye s , b e c a u s e i t c o m p l e t e s t h e m e t a p h o r c o m p a r i n g
J o n e s t o t h e h e a d o f a fa m i l y
B . Ye s , b e c a u s e i t m a ke s c l e a r t h a t J o n e s c a r e d m o s t
a b o u t wo r ke r s w h o w e r e fa m i l y r e l a t ive s .
C . N o , b e c a u s e i t u n n e c e s s a r i l y r e p e a t s i n f o r ma t i o n
e s t a b l i s h e d e a r l i e r i n t h e e s s a y
D. N o , b e c a u s e i t i n t r o d u c e s a n u n r e l a t e d c o m p a r i s o n
b e t w e e n wo r ke r s a n d fa m i l y
7 2 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . p r o t e c t i o n s , t o n a m e a f ew, i n c l u d e d :
w e n t o n s t r i ke , J o n e s s e c u r e d f o o d d o n a t i o n s a n d
t e m p o r a r y l iv i n g a r r a n g e m e n t s W h e r e c o m p a n i e s
p r eve n t e d t h e f o r m a t i o n o f u n i o n s , s h e f o u g h t f o r
wo r ke r s ’ r i g h t t o o rg a n i z e . I n s t e a d o f t h e s e t i r e l e s s
e ff o r t s o n t h e r e b e h a l f , wo r ke r s t r u s t e d M o t h e r J o n e s
7 2 7 3 7 4
a n d , b y ex t e n s i o n , t h e l a b o r u n i o n s s h e r e p r e s e n t e d
H . s h e d e fi n e d p r o t e c t i o n a s :
J. s h e d i d t h i s b y :
7 3 . A . N O C H A N G E
B . B e c a u s e o f
C . Wi t h o u t
D. D e s p i t e
7 4 . F. N O C H A N G E
G . t h ey ’r e b e h a l ve s ,
H . t h e i r b e h a l f , J. t h e i r b e h a l ve ’s ,
7 5 . S u p p o s e t h e w r i t e r ’s g o a l h a d b e e n t o s u m m a r i z e
wo m e n ’s c o n t r i bu t i o n s t o e a r l y - t w e n t i e t h - c e n t u r y l a b o r
l aw r e f o r m Wo u l d t h i s e s s a y a c c o m p l i s h t h a t g o a l ?
A . Ye s , b e c a u s e i t s h o w s t h a t M o t h e r J o n e s w a s a w e l l - k n ow n a n d r e s p e c t e d l a b o r a g i t a t o r
B . Ye s , b e c a u s e i t i n t r o d u c e s a p r o m i n e n t f i g u r e i n
l a b o r h i s t o r y.
C . N o , b e c a u s e i t f o c u s e s m o r e s p e c i fi c a l l y o n l a b o r
l aw r e f o r m i n t h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y
D. N o , b e c a u s e i t f o c u s e s m o r e s p e c i f i c a l l y o n o n e
fi g u r e i n t h e l a b o r m ove m e n t
Q u e s t i o n 7 5 a s k s a b o u t t h e p re c e d i n g p a s s a g e a s a w h o l e END OF TEST 1
STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO.
60 Minutes 60 Questions
DIRECTIONS: Solve each problem, choose the correct answer, and then fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document
Do not linger over problems that take too much time Solve as many as you can; then return to the others in the time you have left for this test.
You are permitted to use a calculator on this test You may use your calculator for any problems you choose,
1 . T h e b l o o d t y p e s o f 1 5 0 p e o p l e w e r e d e t e r m i n e d f o r a
s t u d y a s s h ow n i n t h e fi g u r e b e l ow.
n u m b e r o f p e o p l e
I f 1 p e r s o n f r o m t h i s s t u d y i s r a n d o m l y s e l e c t e d , w h a t
i s t h e p r o b a b i l i t y t h a t t h i s p e r s o n h a s e i t h e r Ty p e A o r
Ty p e A B b l o o d ?
using a calculator
Note: Unless otherwise stated, all of the following should be assumed
1. Illustrative figures are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.
2. Geometric figures lie in a plane.
3 The word line indicates a straight line
4 The word average indicates arithmetic mean
3 . O n a p a r t i c u l a r r o a d m a p , i n c h r e p r e s e n t s 1 8 m i l e s
A b o u t h o w m a n y m i l e s a p a r t a r e 2 t o w n s t h a t a r e
2 i n c h e s a p a r t o n t h i s m a p ?
A . 1 8
B . 2 2
C . 3 6
D. 4 5
E . 9 0
4 . G ive n f = cd 3 , f = 4 5 0 , a n d d = 1 0 , w h a t i s c ?
F. 0 0 0 4 5
G . 0 0 4 . 5
H . 0 1 5
J. 0 4 5
K . 1 5 0
5 . I f f ( x ) = ( 3 x + 7 ) 2 , t h e n f ( 1 ) = ?
A . 0 1 0
B . 0 1 6
C . 0 5 8
D. 0 7 9
E . 1 0 0
6 . J o r g e ’s c u r r e n t h o u r l y w a g e f o r w o r k i n g a t
D e n t i S m i l e s i s $ 1
2 . T h e m o n t h l y f e e s f o r s i n g l e r o o m s a t 5 c o l l e g e s a r e
$ 3 7 0 , $ 3 1 0 , $ 3 8 0 , $ 3 4 0 , a n d $ 3 1 0 , r e s p e c t ive l y W h a t
i s t h e m e a n o f t h e s e m o n t h l y f e e s ?
F. $ 3 1 0
G . $ 3 4 0
H . $ 3 4 2
J. $ 3 5 0
K . $ 3 8 0 62 150 66 150 68 150 73 150 84 150
b eg i n n i n g o f n ex t m o n t h , h i s n ew h o u r l y wa g e w
a n i n c r e a s e o f 6 % o f h i s c u r r e n t h o u r l y w a g e W h a t w i l l b e J o rg e ’s n ew h
7 . T h e f i r s t t e r m i s 1 i n t h e g e o m e t r i c s e q u e n c e
1 , 3 , 9 , 2 7 , . W h a t i s t h e S E V E N T H t e r m o f t h e
g e o m e t r i c s e q u e n c e ?
A . 2 4 3
B . 0 3 0
C . 0 8 1
D. 1 8 9
E . 7 2 9
8 . T h e s h i p p i n g r a t e f o r c u s t o m e r s o f S h i p Q u i c k c o n s i s t s
o f a f e e p e r b o x a n d a p r i c e p e r p o u n d f o r e a c h b o x
T h e t a b l e b e l ow g ive s t h e f e e a n d t h e p r i c e p e r p o u n d
f o r c u s t o m e r s s h i p p i n g b o xe s o f va r i o u s w e i g h t s .
We i g h t o f b o x
( p o u n d s ) F e e P r i c e p e r p o u n d
L e s s t h a n 1 0
1 0 2 5
1 1 . S t u d e n t s s t u d y i n g m o t i o n o b s e r ve d a c a r t r o l l i n g a t a
c o n s t a n t r a t e a l o n g a s t r a i g h t l i n e . T h e t a b l e b e l o w
g ive s t h e d i s t a n c e , d f e e t , t h e c a r t wa s f r o m a r e f e r e n c e
p o i n t a t 1 - s e c o n d i n t e r v a l s f r o m t = 0 s e c o n d s t o
t = 5 s e c o n d s W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g e q u a t i o n s r e p r e s e n t s t h i s
r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n d a n d t ?
A . d = 0 0 t + 1 4
B . d = 0 6 t + 0 8
C . d = 0 6 t + 1 4
D. d = 1 4 t + 0 6
E . d = 3 4 t
1 2 . T h e l e n g t h o f a r e c t a n g l e w i t h a r e a 5 4 s q u a r e
c e n t i m e t e r s i s 9 c e n t i m e t e r s W h a t i s t h e p e r i m e t e r o f
t h e r e c t a n g l e , i n c e n t i m e t e r s ?
G r e g g w a n t s S h i p Q u i c k t o s h i p 1 b o x t h a t w e i g h s
1 5 p o u n d s W h a t i s t h e s h i p p i n g r a t e f o r t h i s b o x ?
F. $ 0 9 7 5
G . $ 1 6 . 5 0
H . $ 1 9 7 5
J. $ 2 0 . 0 0
K . $ 2 4 5 0
9 . A c o m p u t e r c h i p 0 . 3 2 c m t h i c k i s m a d e u p o f l a y e r s o f
s i l i c o n I f t h e t o p a n d b o t t o m l a y e r s a r e e a c h 0 0 3 c m
t h i c k a n d t h e i n n e r l a y e r s a r e e a c h 0 0 2 c m t h i c k , h ow
m a ny i n n e r l a y e r s a r e t h e r e ?
M o r e t h a n 2 5 $ 0 5 . 0 0 $ 1 0 0 0 $ 2 0 . 0 0 $ 1 . 0 0 $ 0 6 5 $ 0 . 3 0 0.32 cm }
A . 1 3
B . 1 5
C . 1 6
D. 5 2
E . 6 4
1 0 . T h e t a b l e b e l ow s h ow s t h e n u m b e r o f c a r s J i n g s o l d
e a c h m o n t h l a s t y e a r W h a t i s t h e m e d i a n o f t h e d a t a i n
t h e t a b l e ?
F. 1 3
G . 1 6
H . 1 9
J. 2 0 . 5
K . 2 3 5
M o n t h N u m b e r o f c a r s s o l d
J a n u a r y 2 5
F e b r u a r y 1 5
M a r c h 2 2
A p r i l 1 9
M a y 1 6
J u n e 1 3
J u l y 1 9
A u g u s t 2 5
S e p t e m b e r 2 6
O c t o b e r 2 7
N ove m b e r 2 8
D e c e m b e r 2 9
F. 0 6
G . 1 2 H . 1 5
J. 2 4
K . 3 0
1 3 . I n t h e fi g u r e b e l ow, C i s t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n o f AD a n d
BE . I f i t c a n b e d e t e r m i n e d , w h a t i s t h e m e a s u r e o f
∠ BAC ?
A . 0 8 0 °
B . 1 0 0 °
C . 1 1 0 °
D. 1 1 5 °
E . C a n n o t b e d e t e r m i n e d f r o m t h e g ive n i n f o r m a t i o n
1 4 . A n t w a n d r e w t h e c i r c l e g r a p h b e l o w d e s c r i b i n g h i s
t i m e s p e n t a t s c h o o l i n 1 d a y. H i s t e a c h e r s a i d t h a t t h e
n u m b e r s o f h o u r s l i s t e d w e r e c o r r e c t , b u t t h a t t h e
c e n t r a l a n g l e m e a s u r e s f o r t h e s e c t o r s w e r e n o t c o r r e c t
W h a t s h o u l d b e t h e c e n t r a l a n g l e m e a s u r e f o r t h e C o r e
s u b j e c t s s e c t o r ? F. 0 7 2 ° G . 0 8 0 ° H . 1 6 0 ° J. 2 0 0 ° K . 2 8 8
Core subjects 4 hours
Electives 3 hours Lunch and passing time 1 hour Choir 1 hour
1 5 . T h i s m o n t h , K a m i s o l d 7 0 f i g u r i n e s i n 2 s i z e s T h e
l a r g e f i g u r i n e s s o l d f o r $ 1 2 e a c h , a n d t h e s m a l l
fi g u r i n e s s o l d f o r $ 8 e a c h T h e a m o u n t o f m o n e y h e
r e c e ive d f r o m t h e s a l e s o f t h e l a rg e fi g u r i n e s wa s e q u a l
t o t h e a m o u n t o f m o n ey h e r e c e ive d f r o m t h e s a l e s o f
t h e s m a l l f i g u r i n e s H o w m a n y l a r g e f i g u r i n e s d i d
K a m i s e l l t h i s m o n t h ?
A . 2 0
B . 2 8
C . 3 5
D. 4 2
E . 5 0
1 6 . A c a r a c c e l e r a t e d f r o m 8 8 f e e t p e r s e c o n d ( f p s ) t o
2 2 0 f p s i n ex a c t l y 3 s e c o n d s A s s u m i n g t h e a c c e l e r a t i o n
wa s c o n s t a n t , w h a t wa s t h e c a r ’s a c c e l e r a t i o n , i n f e e t
p e r s e c o n d p e r s e c o n d , f r o m 8 8 f p s t o 2 2 0 f p s ?
F. 0 0
G . 0 2 9
H . 0 4 4
J. 0 7 5
K . 1 0 2
2 0 . F o r t r a p e z o i d A B C D s h o w n b e l o w, AB i D C , t h e
m e a s u r e s o f t h e i n t e r i o r a n g l e s a r e d i s t i n c t , a n d t h e
m e a s u r e o f ∠ D i s x ° W h a t i s t h e d eg r e e m e a s u r e o f
∠ A i n t e r m s o f x ?
F. ( 1 8 0 x ) °
G . ( 1 8 0 0 5 x ) °
H . ( 1 8 0 + 0 . 5 x ) °
J. ( 1 8 0 + x ) °
K . x °
2 1 . To g e t a d r i v e r ’s l i c e n s e , a n a p p l i c a n t m u s t p a s s a
w r i t t e n t e s t a n d a d r iv i n g t e s t Pa s t r e c o r d s s h ow t h a t
8 0 % o f t h e a p p l i c a n t s p a s s t h e w r i t t e n t e s t a n d 6 0 % o f
t h o s e w h o h ave p a s s e d t h e w r i t t e n t e s t p a s s t h e d r iv i n g
t e s t . B a s e d o n t h e s e fi g u r e s , h ow m a ny a p p l i c a n t s i n a
r a n d o m g r o u p o f 1 , 0 0 0 a p p l i c a n t s wo u l d y o u ex p e c t t o
g e t d r ive r ’s l i c e n s e s ?
A . 2 0 0
B . 4 8 0
C . 6 0 0
D. 7 5 0
E . 8 0 0
1 7 . I n a p l a n e , t h e d i s t i n c t l i n e s AB ↔ a n d CD ↔ i n t e r s e c t a t A ,
w h e r e A i s b e t w e e n C a n d D T h e m e a s u r e o f ∠ BAC i s
4 7 ° . W h a t i s t h e m e a s u r e o f ∠ BA D ?
A . 0 4 3 °
B . 0 4 7 °
C . 0 9 4 °
D. 1 3 3 °
E . 1 3 7 °
1 8 . I n w h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g a r e , , a n d a r r a n g e d i n
a sc e n d i n g o r d e r ?
F. <<
G . <<
H . <<
1 2 5 8 5 6
J. <<
K . <<
5 6 1 2 5 8 1 2 5 6 5 8
1 9 . I n s c i e n t i fi c n o t a t i o n , 6 7 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 + 7 0 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 = ?
A . 1 3 7 × 1 0 9
B . 1 3 7 × 1 0 7
C . 1 . 3 7 × 1 0 8
D. 1 . 3 7 × 1 0 9
E . 1 3 7 × 1 0 15 1 44 2 3 1 3 1 3 5 8 5 6 1 2 5 6 5 8 1 2 5 8 1 2 5 6
2 2 . I f a , b , a n d c a r e p o s i t ive i n t eg e r s s u c h t h a t a b = x a n d
c b = y , t h e n x y = ?
F. a c b
G . a c 2 b
H . ( a c ) b
J. ( a c ) 2 b
K . ( a c ) b 2
2 3 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g e x p r e s s i o n s i s e q u i v a l e n t t o
y 2( 6 x + 2 y + 1 2 x 2 y ) ?
A . 0 9 x y 2
B . 1 8 x y
C . 0 3 x y 2 + 1 2 x
D. 0 9 x y 2 2 y 3
E . 0 3 x y 2 + 1 2 x y 3 2 y
2 4 . A n a r t i s t m a k e s a p r o f i t o f ( 5 0 0 p p 2 ) d o l l a r s f r o m
s e l l i n g p p a i n t i n g s W h a t i s t h e f e w e s t n u m b e r o f
p a i n t i n g s t h e a r t i s t c a n s e l l t o m a ke a p r o fi t o f a t l e a s t
$ 6 0 , 0 0 0 ?
F. 1 0 0
G . 1 5 0
H . 2 0 0
J. 3 0 0
K . 6 0 0 x°
2 5 . L a s t m o n t h , L u c i e h a d t o t a l ex p e n d i t u r e s o f $ 9 0 0 T h e
p i e c h a r t b e l o w b r e a k s d o w n t h e s e e x p e n d i t u r e s b y
c a t eg o r y T h e c a t eg o r y i n w h i c h L u c i e ’s ex p e n d i t u r e s
w e r e g r e a t e s t i s w h a t p e r c e n t o f h e r t o t a l ex p e n d i t u r e s ,
t o t h e n e a r e s t 1 % ?
$120 gas
A . 2 4 %
B . 2 8 %
C . 3 2 %
D. 3 4 %
E . 3 9 %
$254 clothes
$219 food
$125
2 9 . W h a t i s t h e p r o d u c t o f t h e c o m p l ex n u m b e r s ( 3 i + 4 )
a n d ( 3 i + 4 ) ?
A . 0 1
B . 0 7
C . 2 5
D. 7 + 2 4 i
E . 0 7 + 2 4 i
3 0 . T h e r a d i u s o f t h e b a s e o f t h e r i g h t c i r c u l a r c o n e s h ow n
b e l o w i s 5 i n c h e s , a n d t h e h e i g h t o f t h e c o n e i s
7 i n c h e s . S o l v i n g w h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g e q u a t i o n s
g iv e s t h e m e a s u r e , θ , o f t h e a n g l e f o r m e d b y a s l a n t
h e i g h t o f t h e c o n e a n d a r a d i u s ?
entertainment
2 6 . I n t h e f i g u r e s h ow n b e l ow, t h e m e a s u r e o f ∠ B AC i s
( x + 2 0 ) ° a n d t h e m e a s u r e o f ∠ BA D i s 9 0 ° W h a t i s t h e
m e a s u r e o f ∠ C A D ?
F. 0 ( x 7 0 ) °
G . 0 ( 7 0 x ) °
H . 0 ( 7 0 + x ) °
J. ( 1 6 0 x ) °
K . ( 1 6 0 + x ) °
2 7 . W h a t i s t h e p e r i m e t e r, i n i n c h e s , o f t h e i s o s c e l e s r i g h t
t r i a n g l e s h ow n b e l ow, w h o s e hy p o t e n u s e i s 8 å 2 i n c h e s
l o n g ?
A . 0 8
B . 0 8 + 0 8 å 2
C . 0 8 + 1 6 å 2
D. 1 6
E . 1 6 + 0 8 å 2
2 8 . T h e e q u a t i o n y = a x 2 + b x + c i s g r a p h e d i n t h e
s t a n d a r d ( x , y ) c o o r d i n a t e p l a n e b e l ow f o r r e a l va l u e s o f
a , b , a n d c . W h e n y = 0 , w h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g b e s t
d e s c r i b e s t h e s o l u t i o n s f o r x ?
$182 insurance A C D B O x y
F. 2 d i s t i n c t p o s i t ive r e a l s o l u t i o n s
G . 2 d i s t i n c t n eg a t ive r e a l s o l u t i o n s
H . 1 p o s i t ive r e a l s o l u t i o n a n d 1 n eg a t ive r e a l s o l u t i o n
J. 2 r e a l s o l u t i o n s t h a t a r e n o t d i s t i n c t
K . 2 d i s t i n c t s o l u t i o n s t h a t a r e n o t r e a l
F. t a n , θ=
G . t a n , θ=
H . s i n , θ=
J. s i n , θ=
K . c o s , θ=
3 1 . To m a ke a 7 5 0 - p i e c e j i g s aw p uz z l e m o r e c h a l l e n g i n g , a
p u z z l e c o m p a n y i n c l u d e s 5 e x t r a p i e c e s i n t h e b o x
a l o n g w i t h t h e 7 5 0 p i e c e s , a n d t h o s e 5 ex t r a p i e c e s d o
n o t fi t a ny w h e r e i n t h e p u z z l e I f y o u bu y s u c h a p u z z l e
b o x , b r e a k t h e s e a l o n t h e b o x , a n d i m m e d i a t e l y s e l e c t 1 p i e c e a t r a n d o m , w h a t i s t h e p r o b a b i l i t y t h a t i t w i l l
b e 1 o f t h e ex t r a p i e c e s ? A . B .
.
E .
F. G . H . J. K . 7 5 θ 5 7 7 5 5 7 7 5 7 5 1 5 1 755 1 750 5 755 5 750 3 4 2 3 3 5 5 6 7 12 9 16 17 24
3 2 . W h a t f r a c t i o n l i e s ex a c t l y h a l f wa y b e t w e e n a n d ?
U s e t h e fo l l ow i n g i n fo r m a t i o n to a n swe r
q u e s t i o n s 3 3 – 3 5
G i a n n a i s c o nv e r t i n g a 1 2 - f o o t - b y - 1 5 - f o o t r o o m i n h e r
h o u s e t o a c r a f t r o o m . G i a n n a w i l l i n s t a l l t i l e h e r s e l f bu t
w i l l h av e C C I n s t a l l a t i o n s bu i l d a n d i n s t a l l t h e c a b i n e t s
T h e s c a l e d r aw i n g s h ow n b e l ow d i s p l a y s t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h e
c a b i n e t s i n t h e c r a f t r o o m ( 0 . 2 5 i n c h r e p r e s e n t s 2 f e e t ) .
window c a b i n e t s
door 2 ft deep 15 ft wall 12 ft wall cabinets
C a b i n e t s w i l l b e i n s t a l l e d a l o n g o n e o f t h e 1 2 - f o o t w a l l s
f r o m f l o o r t o c e i l i n g , a n d 4 c a b i n e t s t h a t a r e e a c h 3 f e e t t a l l
w i l l b e i n s t a l l e d i n t h e m i d d l e o f t h e r o o m . T h e s e a r e t h e
o n l y c a b i n e t s t h a t w i l l b e i n s t a l l e d , a n d e a c h o f t h e m w i l l
b e 2 f e e t w i d e a n d 2 f e e t d e e p . C C I n s t a l l a t i o n s h a s g ive n
G i a n n a a n e s t i m a t e o f $ 2 , 1 5 0 0 0 f o r bu i l d i n g a n d i n s t a l l i n g
t h e c a b i n e t s
3 3 . A 1 5 - f o o t w a l l i s h ow m a ny i n c h e s l o n g i n t h e s c a l e
d r aw i n g ?
A . 1 . 5
B . 1 8 7 5
C . 3
D. 3 3 7 5
E . 3 7 5
3 4 . G i a n n a w i l l i n s t a l l t i l e o n t h e p o r t i o n o f t h e f l o o r t h a t
w i l l N OT b e c ove r e d b y c a b i n e t s W h a t i s t h e a r e a , i n
s q u a r e f e e t , o f t h e p o r t i o n o f t h e f l o o r t h a t w i l l N OT b e
c ove r e d b y c a b i n e t s ?
F. 0 7 2
G . 0 9 0
H . 1 4 0
J. 1 5 6
K . 1 6 4
3 5 . C C I n s t a l l a t i o n s ’ e s t i m a t e c o n s i s t s o f a $ 6 5 0 . 0 0 c h a rg e
f o r l a b o r, p l u s a f i x e d c h a r g e p e r c a b i n e t T h e l a b o r
c h a r g e a n d t h e c h a r g e p e r c a b i n e t r e m a i n t h e s a m e
f o r a n y n u m b e r o f c a b i n e t s b u i l t a n d i n s t a l l e d .
C C I n s t a l l a t i o n s w o u l d g iv e G i a n n a w h a t e s t i m a t e i f
t h e c r a f t r o o m w e r e t o h ave t w i c e a s m a ny c a b i n e t s a s
G i a n n a i s p l a n n i n g t o h ave ?
A . $ 2 , 8 0 0 0 0
B . $ 3 , 0 0 0 . 0 0
C . $ 3 , 4 5 0 0 0
D. $ 3 , 6 5 0 0 0
E . $ 4 , 3 0 0 . 0 0
3 6 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t h e g r a p h o f t h e r e g i o n
1 < x + y < 2 i n t h e s t a n d a r d ( x , y ) c o o r d i n a t e p l a n e ?
3 7 . W h a t i s t h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e m e a n a n d t h e
m e d i a n o f t h e s e t { 3 , 8 , 1 0 , 1 5 } ?
A . 0 0
B . 0 1
C . 0 4
D. 0 9
E . 1 2
3 8 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g d e s c r i b e s a t r u e r e l a t i o n s h i p
b e t w e e n t h e f u n c t i o n s f ( x ) = ( x 3 ) 2 + 2 a n d
g ( x ) = x + 1 g r a p h e d b e l o w i n t h e s t a n d a r d ( x , y )
c o o r d i n a t e p l a n e ?
x O 1 2
F. f ( x ) = g ( x ) f o r ex a c t l y 2 va l u e s o f x
G . f ( x ) = g ( x ) f o r ex a c t l y 1 va l u e o f x
H . f ( x ) < g ( x ) f o r a l l x
J. f ( x ) > g ( x ) f o r a l l x
K . f ( x ) i s t h e i nve r s e o f g ( x )
U s e t h e fo l l ow i n g i n fo r m a t i o n to a n swe r
q u e s t i o n s 3 9 – 4 1
Tr a p e z o i d A B C D i s g r a p h e d i n t h e s t a n d a r d ( x , y ) c o o r d i n a t e
p l a n e b e l ow.
B (3,4) C (9,4)
A(2,1) D (12,1)
3 9 . W h a t i s t h e s l o p e o f CD ?
A . 3
B . 1
C . 1
D.
E .
4 3 . A f o r m u l a t o e s t i m a t e t h e m o n t h l y p a y m e n t , p d o l l a r s ,
o n a s h o r t - t e r m l o a n i s p =
w h e r e a d o l l a r s i s t h e a m o u n t o f t h e l o a n , r i s t h e a n n u a l i n t e r e s t r a t e ex p r e s s e d a s a d e c i m a l , a n d y y e a r s
i s t h e l e n g t h o f t h e l o a n W h e n a i s m u l t i p l i e d b y 2 ,
w h a t i s t h e e ff e c t o n p ?
A . p i s d iv i d e d b y 6
B . p i s d iv i d e d b y 2
C . p d o e s n o t c h a n g e
D. p i s m u l t i p l i e d b y 2
E . p i s m u l t i p l i e d b y 4
F. ( 1 2 , 0 1 )
G . ( 1 2 , 0 1 )
H . ( 1 2 , 0 1 )
J. ( 0 1 , 1 2 )
K . ( 0 1 , 1 2 )
2 t r a p e z o i d s w i t h e q u a l a r e a s ?
A . x = 2 . 5
B . x = 3 5
C . x = 4 5
D. x = 5 . 5
E . x = 6 5
4 4 . T h e p o i n t s E ( 6 , 4 ) a n d F ( 1 4 , 1 2 ) l i e in t h e s t a n d a r d ( x , y )
c o o r d i n a t e p l a n e s h o w n b e l o w P o i n t D l i e s o n EF
b e t w e e n E a n d F s u c h t h a t t h e l e n g t h o f EF i s 4 t i m e s
t h e l e n g t h o f DE . W h a t a r e t h e c o o r d i n a t e s o f D ?
F (14,12)
F. ( 0 7 , 0 5 )
G . ( 0 8 , 0 6 )
H . ( 0 8 , 0 8 )
J. ( 1 0 , 0 8 )
K . ( 1 2 , 1 0 )
4 0 . W h e n A B C D i s r e f l e c t e d ove r t h e y - a x i s t o A′ B ′ C ′ D ′ , w h a t a r e t h e c o o r d i n a t e s o f D ′ ?
4 1 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g ve r t i c a l l i n e s c u t s A B C D i n t o
F. 3
G .
H .
J. 0
K . O y x
5 21 3 2 1 2 1 x 1 x 3 2 2 3 3 2
E (6,4)
4 2 . G ive n f ( x ) = x a n d g ( x ) = , w h a t i s f 1 g 12 2 ?
w h a t i s x + z ?
A . B . C . 2 6
D. 2 7
E . 4 8
4 5 . G i v e n t h a t a 34 = 34 f o r s o m e r e a l n u m b e r a ,
4 6 . A c o n t a i n e r i s f u l l o f wa t e r A f t e r 1 0 c u p s o f wa t e r
o f t h e c on t a i n e r, i n c u p s ?
F. 1 3
G . 1 3
27 z x y 6 4 2 1 4 3 27 2 1 8 3 4 1 3 1 2
H . 1 5
J. 1 6
K . 4 0 1 2 ary + a 12y y x O
a r e a d d e d , t h e c o n t a i n e r i s f u l l W h a t i s t h e vo l u m e
4 7 . O n l y t e n t h, e l e v e n t h, a n d t w e l f t h - g r a d e s t u d e n t s
a t t e n d Wa s h i n g t o n H i g h S c h o o l . T h e r a t i o o f t e n t h
g r a d e r s t o t h e s c h o o l ’s t o t a l s t u d e n t p o p u l a t i o n i s
8 6 : 2 5 5 , a n d t h e r a t i o o f e l e v e n t h g r a d e r s t o t h e
s c h o o l ’s t o t a l s t u d e n t p o p u l a t i o n i s 1 8 : 5 1 I f 1 s t u d e n t i s c h o s e n a t r a n d o m f r o m t h e e n t i r e s c h o o l , w h i c h
g r a d e i s t h a t s t u d e n t m o s t l i ke l y t o b e i n ?
A . Te n t h
B . E l eve n t h
C . Tw e l f t h
D. A l l g r a d e s a r e e q u a l l y l i ke l y
E . C a n n o t b e d e t e r m i n e d f r o m t h e g ive n i n f o r m a t i o n
5 0 . Yo u c a n fi n d t h e vo l u m e o f a n i r r eg u l a r l y s h a p e d s o l i d
o b j e c t b y c o m p l e t e l y s u b m e r g i n g i t i n w a t e r a n d
c a l c u l a t i n g t h e vo l u m e o f w a t e r t h e o b j e c t d i s p l a c e s
Yo
u c o m p l e t e l y s u b m e r g e a s o l i d o b j e c t i n a
r e c t a n g u l a r t a n k t h a t h a s a b a s e 4 0 c e n t i m e t e r s b y
3 0 c e n t i m e t e r s a n d i s fi l l e d w i t h w a t e r t o a d e p t h o f
2 0 c e n t i m e t e r s . T h e o b j e c t s i n k s t o t h e b o t t o m , a n d t h e w a t e r l e v e l g o e s u p 0 2 5 c e n t i m e t e r s W h a t i s t h e
vo l u m e , i n c u b i c c e n t i m e t e r s , o f t h e o b j e c t ?
F. 3 0 0
G . 2 4 0 H . 2 0 0
J. 1 5 0
K . 0 7 5
4 8 . += ?
F. G . H . J. K .
2 + å 3 6 å 5 8 å 6 2 å 3 4 å 2
3 + 2å 2
5 4å 3 + 2å 2
5 1 . I f x : y = 5 : 2 a n d y : z = 3 : 2 , w h a t i s t h e r a t i o o f x : z ?
A . 0 3 : 1
B . 0 3 : 5
C . 0 5 : 3
D. 0 8 : 4
E . 1 5 : 4
5 2 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g i s t h e s o l u t i o n s t a t e m e n t f o r
t h e i n e q u a l i t y s h ow n b e l ow ?
F. 5 < x < 1 0
G . 3 < x
H . 3 < x < 2
J. 2 < x < 3
K . x <− 3 o r x > 2
5 < 1 3 x < 1 0
4 9 . T h e s h a d e d r e g i o n i n t h e g r a p h b e l ow r e p r e s e n t s t h e s o l u t i o n s e t t o w h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s y s t e m s o f
i n e q u a l i t i e s ?
A . 5 y <− x + 2
( x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 ) 2 < 9
B . 5 y >− x + 2
( x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 ) 2 < 9
C . 5 y >− x + 2
( x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 ) 2 > 9
D. 5 y <− x + 2
( x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 ) 2 > 9
E . 5 ( y 2 ) < 3
( x 1 ) > 3 y x (x 1)2 + ( y 2)2 = 9 y= −x+2 4
5 3 . A f o r m u l a f o r t h e s u r f a c e a r e a ( A ) o f t h e r e c t a n g u l a r
s o l i d s h o w n b e l o w i s A = 2 l w + 2 l h + 2 w h w h e r e l
r e p re s e n t s l e n g t h ; w , w i d t h ; a n d h , h e i g h t B y d o u b l i n g
e a c h o f t h e d i m e n s i o n s ( l , w , a n d h ) , t h e s u r fa c e a r e a
w i l l b e m u l t i p l i e d b y w h a t fa c t o r ?
A . 0 2
B . 0 4 C . 0 6
D. 0 8
E . 1 2
5 4 . A d o g e a t s 7 c a n s o f f o o d i n 3 d a y s A t t h i s r a t e , h ow m a ny c a n s o f f o o d d o e s t h e d o g e a t i n 3 + d d a y s ?
F. + d
G . + H . + J. 7 +
K . 7 + h l w 7 3 d 3 7 3 7 3d 7 3 d 3 7d 3
5 5 . Ke l l y a s k e d 1 2 0 s t u d e n t s q u e s t i o n s a b o u t s k i i n g T h e
r e s u l t s o f t h e p o l l a r e s h ow n i n t h e t a b l e b e l ow.
Q u e s t i o n Ye s N o
1 . H ave y o u s k i e d e i t h e r c r o s s - c o u n t r y o r d ow n h i l l ? 6 5 5 5
2 . I f y o u a n s w e r e d Ye s t o Q u e s t i o n 1 ,
d i d y o u s k i d ow n h i l l ? 2 8 3 7
3 . I f y o u a n s w e r e d Ye s t o Q u e s t i o n 1 , d i d y o u s k i c r o s s - c o u n t r y ? 4 5 2 0
A f t e r c o m p l e t i n g t h e p o l l , Ke l l y wo n d e r e d h ow m a ny
o f t h e s t u d e n t s p o l l e d h a d s k i e d b o t h c r o s s - c o u n t r y a n d
d ow n h i l l H ow m a ny o f t h e s t u d e n t s p o l l e d i n d i c a t e d
t h a t t h ey h a d s k i e d b o t h c r o s s - c o u n t r y a n d d ow n h i l l ?
A . 7 3
B . 6 5
C . 4 7
D. 1 8
E . 0 8
5 6 . T h e s q u a r e b e l ow i s d iv i d e d i n t o 3 r ow s o f e q u a l a r e a .
I n t h e t o p r ow, t h e r eg i o n l a b e l e d A h a s t h e s a m e a r e a
a s t h e r eg i o n l a b e l e d B . I n t h e m i d d l e r ow, t h e 3 r eg i o n s
h ave e q u a l a r e a s I n t h e b o t t o m r ow, t h e 4 r eg i o n s h ave
e q u a l a r e a s W h a t f r a c t i o n o f t h e s q u a r e ’s a r e a i s i n a
r eg i o n l a b e l e d A ?
F.
G .
H .
J.
K .
5 7 . T h e f u n c t i o n s y = s i n , x a n d y = s i n ( x + a ) + b , f o r
c o n s t a n t s a a n d b , a r e g r a p h e d i n t h e s t a n d a r d ( x , y )
c o o r d i n a t e p l a n e b e l ow T h e f u n c t i o n s h ave t h e s a m e
m a x i m u m v a l u e . O n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s
a b o u t t h e va l u e s o f a a n d b i s t r u e W h i c h s t a t e m e n t i s
i t ?
A . a < 0 a n d b = 0
B . a < 0 a n d b > 0
C . a = 0 a n d b > 0
D. a > 0 a n d b < 0
E . a > 0 a n d b > 0
5 8 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g n u m b e r l i n e g r a p h s s h ow s t h e
s o l u t i o n s e t t o t h e i n e q u a l i t y ⎪ x 5 ⎪ <− 1 ?
4 x
6 x
6 4 x
5 9 . A s p a r t o f a p r o b a b i l i t y ex p e r i m e n t , E l l i o t t i s t o a n s w e r
4 m u l t i p l e - c h o i c e q u e s t i o n s Fo r e a c h q u e s t i o n , t h e r e
a r e 3 p o s s i b l e a n s w e r s , o n l y 1 o f w h i c h i s c o r r e c t I f
E l l i o t t r a n d o m l y a n d i n d e p e n d e n t l y a n s w e r s e a c h q u e s t i o n , w h a t i s t h e p r o b a b i l i t y t h a t h e w i l l a n s w e r
t h e 4 q u e s t i o n s c o r r e c t l y ?
.
.
.
.
6 0 . T h e s i d e s o f a n a c u t e t r i a n g l e m e a s u r e 1 4 c m , 1 8 c m , a n d 2 0 c m , r e s p e c t i v e l y. W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g
e q u a t i o n s , w h e n s o l ve d f o r θ , g ive s t h e m e a s u r e o f t h e
s m a l l e s t a n g l e o f t h e t r i a n g l e ?
( N o t e : Fo r a ny t r i a n g l e w i t h s i d e s o f l e n g t h a , b , a n d c
t h a t a r e o p p o s i t e a n g l e s A , B , a n d C , r e s p e c t i v e l y, == a n d c 2 = a 2 + b 2 2 a b c o s , C . )
6 4 x x (empty set) 6 4 6 4 27 81 12 81 4 81 3 81 1 81 sin, C c sin, B b sin, A a 1 18 sin, θ 14 1 20 sin, θ 14 1 14 sin, θ 20
F. = G . = H . = J. 1 4 2 = 1 8 2 + 2 0 2 2 ( 1 8 ) ( 2 0 ) c o s , θ K . 2 0 2 = 1 4 2 + 1 8 2 2 ( 1 4 ) ( 1 8 ) c o s , θ
35 Minutes 40 Questions
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E a c h p a s s a g e i s a c c o m p a n i e d b y s e v e r a l q u e s t i o n s
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answer document. You may refer to the passages as often as necessary
Pa s s a g e I
P RO S E F I C T I O N : T h i s p a s s a g e i s a d a p te d f ro m t h e n ove l Th e
G r o u n d B e n e a t h H e r Fe e t b y S a l m a n R u s h d i e ( © 19 9 9 b y
Sa l m a n Ru s h d i e )
A r t D e c o i s a n a rc h i te c t u ra l a n d d e c o ra t i ve s t y l e t h a t wa s p o p u -
l a r i n t h e fi rs t h a l f o f t h e t we n t i e t h c e n t u r y
W h e n y o u g r ow u p , a s I d i d , i n a g r e a t c i t y, d u r i n g
w h a t j u s t h a p p e n s t o b e i t s g o l d e n a g e , y o u t h i n k o f i t
a s e t e r n a l . A l w a y s w a s t h e r e , a l w a y s w i l l b e . T h e
g r an d e u r o f t h e m e t r o p o l i s c r e a t e s t h e i l l u s i o n o f p e r -
m a n e n c e T h e p e n i n s u l a r B o m b a y i n t o w h i c h I w a s
b o r n c e r t a i n l y s e e m e d p e r e n n i a l t o m e . M a l a b a r a n d
C u m b a l l a h i l l s w e r e o u r C a p i t o l a n d P a l a t i n e , t h e
B r a b o u r n e S t a d i u m wa s o u r C o l o s s e u m , a n d a s f o r t h e
g l i t t e r i n g A r t D e c o s w e e p o f M a r i n e D r ive , w e l l , t h a t
w a s s o m e t h i n g n o t eve n R o m e c o u l d b o a s t I a c t u a l l y
g r ew u p b e l i ev i n g A r t D e c o t o b e t h e “ B o m b a y s t y l e , ” a
l o c a l i nv e n t i o n , i t s n a m e d e r i v e d , i n a l l p r o b a b i l i t y,
f r o m t h e i m p e r a t ive o f t h e ve r b “ t o s e e ” A r t d e k h o L o
a n d b e h o l d a r t . ( W h e n I b e g a n t o b e f a m i l i a r w i t h
i m a g e s o f N ew Yo r k , I a t fi r s t f e l t a s o r t o f a n g e r T h e
A m e r i c a n s h a d s o m u c h ; d i d t h ey h ave t o p o s s e s s o u r
“ s t y l e ” a s w e l l ? B u t i n a n o t h e r, m o r e s e c r e t p a r t o f m y
h e a r t , t h e A r t D e c o o f M a n h a t t a n , bu i l t o n a s c a l e s o
m u c h g r a n d e r t h a n o ur ow n , o n l y i n c r e a s e d A m e r i c a ’s
a l l u r e , m a d e i t b o t h f a m i l i a r a n d a w e - i n s p i r i n g , o u r
l i t t l e B o m b a y w r i t l a rg e )
I n r e a l i t y t h a t B o m b a y w a s a l m o s t b r a n d - n e w
w h e n I k n ew i t ; w h a t ’s m o r e , m y p a r e n t s ’ c o n s t r u c t i o n
fi r m o f M e r c h a n t & M e r c h a n t h a d b e e n p r o m i n e n t i n i t s
m a k i n g I n t h e t e n y e a r s b e f o r e m y ow n c o m i n g i n t o t h e
wo r l d , t h e c i t y h a d b e e n a g i g a n t i c bu i l d i n g s i t e ; a s i f i t
w e r e i n a h u r r y t o b e c o m e , a s i f i t k n ew i t h a d t o p r o -
v i d e i t s e l f i n fi n i s h e d c o n d i t i o n b y t h e t i m e I wa s a b l e
t o s t a r t p a y i n g a t t e n t i o n t o i t . . . N o , n o , I d o n ’t r e a l l y
t h i n k a l o n g s u c h s o l i p s i s t i c l i n e s I ’ m n o t ove r- a t t a c h e d
t o h i s t o r y, o r B o m b a y. M e , I ’ m t h e u n d e r- a t t a c h e d t y p e .
B u t l e t m e c o n f e s s t h a t , e v e n a s a c h i l d , I w a s
i n s a n e l y j e a l o u s o f t h e c i t y i n w h i c h I w a s r a i s e d ,
b e c a u s e i t wa s m y p a r e n t s ’ o t h e r l ove T h ey l oved e a c h
o t h e r ( g o o d ) , t h e y l o v e d m e ( v e r y g o o d ) , a n d t h e y
l ove d h e r ( n o t s o g o o d ) . B o m b a y wa s m y r iva l . I t wa s
o n a c c o u n t o f t h e i r r o m a n c e w i t h t h e c i t y t h a t t h e y
d r e w u p t h a t w e e k l y r o t a ( l i s t ) o f s h a r e d p a r e n t a l
r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s W h e n m y m o t h e r w a s n ’ t w i t h m e
w h e n I wa s r i d i n g o n m y fa t h e r ’s s h o u l d e r s , o r s t a r i n g ,
w i t h h i m , a t t h e fi s h i n t h e Ta r a p o r ewa l a A q u a r i u m
s h e w a s o u t t h e r e w i t h h e r , w i t h B o m b a y ; o u t t h e r e
b r i n g i n g h e r i n t o b e i n g ( F o r o f c o u r s e c o n s t r u c t i o n
w o r k n e v e r s t o p s c o m p l e t e l y, a n d s u p e r v i s i n g s u c h
w o r k w a s A m e e r ’s p a r t i c u l a r g e n i u s . M y m o t h e r t h e
m a s t e r bu i l d e r L i ke h e r fa t h e r b e f o r e h e r ) A n d w h e n
m y fa t h e r h a n d e d m e ove r t o h e r, h e w e n t o ff , w e a r i n g
h i s l o c a l - h i s t o r y h a t a n d a k h a k i j a c ke t f u l l o f p o c ke t s ,
t o d i g i n t h e f o u n d a t i o n s o f bu i l d i n g s i t e s f o r t h e s e c r e t s
o f t h e c i t y ’s p a s t , o r e l s e s a t h a t l e s s a n d c o a t l e s s a t a
d e s i g n i n g b o a r d a n d d r e a m e d h i s l o - a n d - b e h o l d d r e a m s
M a p s o f t h e e a r l y t ow n a ff o r d e d m y f a t h e r g r e a t
j o y, a n d h i s c o l l e c t i o n o f o l d p h o t o g r a p h s o f t h e e d i -
f i c e s a n d o b j e t s o f t h e v a n i s h e d c i t y w a s s e c o n d t o
n o n e I n t h e s e f a d e d i m a g e s w e r e r e s u r r e c t e d t h e
d e m o l i s h e d Fo r t , t h e “ b r e a k fa s t b a z a a r ” m a r ke t o u t s i d e
t h e Te e n D a r va z a o r B a z a a rg a t e , a n d t h e h u m b l e m u t t o n
s h o p s a n d u m b r e l l a h o s p i t a l s o f t h e p o o r, a s w e l l a s t h e
fa l l e n p a l a c e s o f t h e g r e a t T h e e a r l y c i t y ’s r e l i c s fi l l e d
h i s i m a g i n a t i o n a s w e l l a s h i s p h o t o a l b u m s . I t w a s
f r o m m y f a t h e r t h a t I l e a r n e d o f B o m b a y ’s fi r s t g r e a t
p h o t o g r a p h e r s , R a j a D e e n D a y a l a n d A . R . H a s e l e r,
w h o s e p o r t r a i t s o f t h e c i t y b e c a m e m y f i r s t a r t i s t i c
i n f l u e n c e s , i f o n l y b y s h ow i n g m e w h a t I d i d n o t wa n t
t o d o . D a y a l c l i m b e d t h e R a j a b a i t ow e r t o c r e a t e h i s
s w e e p i n g p a n o r a m a s o f t h e b i r t h o f t h e c i t y ; H a s e l e r
w e n t o n e b e t t e r a n d t o o k t o t h e a i r T h e i r i m a g e s w e r e
aw e - i n s p i r i n g , u n f o rg e t t a b l e , bu t t h ey a l s o i n s p i r e d i n
m e a d e s p e r a t e n e e d t o g e t b a c k d ow n t o g r o u n d l eve l
F r o m t h e h e i g h t s y o u s e e o n l y p i n n a c l e s . I y e a r n e d f o r
t h e c i t y s t r e e t s , t h e k n i f e g r i n d e r s , t h e w a t e r c a r r i e r s ,
t h e p av e m e n t m o n e y l e n d e r s , t h e p e r e m p t o r y s o l d i e r s ,
t h e r a i lwa y h o r d e s , t h e c h e s s p l a y e r s i n t h e I r a n i r e s t a u -
r a n t s , t h e s n a k e - b u c k l e d s c h o o l c h i l d r e n , t h e b e g g a r s ,
t h e fi s h e r m e n , t h e m ov i e m a ke r s , t h e d o c ke r s , t h e b o o k
s ew e r s , t h e l o o m o p e r a t o r s , t h e p r i e s t s . I y e a r n e d f o r
l i f e
W h e n I s a i d t h i s t o m y f a t h e r h e s h o w e d m e
p h o t o s , s t i l l l ive s o f s t o r e f r o n t s a n d p i e r s , a n d t o l d m e I
wa s t o o y o u n g t o u n d e r s t a n d . “ S e e w h e r e p e o p l e l ive d
a n d wo r ke d a n d s h o p p ed , ” h e c l a r i fi e d , w i t h a r a r e f l a s h o f i r r i t a t i o n , “ a n d i t b e c o m e s p l a i n w h a t t h e y w e r e
l i ke . ” Fo r a l l h i s d i g g i n g , Viv v y M e r c h a n t wa s c o n t e n t
w i t h t h e s u r fa c e s o f h i s wo r l d I , h i s p h o t o g r a p h e r s o n ,
s e t o u t t o p r ove h i m w r o n g , t o s h ow t h a t a c a m e r a c a n
s e e b e y o n d t h e s u r f a c e , b e y o n d t h e t r a p p i n g s o f t h e a c t u a l , a n d p e n e t r a t e t o i t s f l e s h a n d h e a r t
1 . T h e p a s s a g e a s a w h o l e c a n p r i m a r i l y b e c h a r a c t e r i z e d
a s t h e n a r r a t o r ’s :
A . ex p l a n a t i o n o f t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p t h e n a r r a t o r a n d h i s
p a r e n t s h a d w i t h t h e c i t y o f B o m b a y
B . d e s c r i p t i o n o f i m p o r t a n t bu i l d i n g s a n d l o c a t i o n s i n
B o m b a y
C . a rg u m e n t f o r B o m b a y ’s p r o m i n e n c e i n t h e w o r l d
o f a r c h i t e c t u r e .
D. c o n c e r n s a b o u t t h e e m o t i o n a l e nv i r o n m e n t i n
w h i c h t h e n a r r a t o r wa s r a i s e d
2 . T h e n a r r a t o r d e s c r i b e s t h e p h o t o s b y B o m b a y ’s f i r s t
g r e a t p h o t o g r a p h e r s a s p r i m a r i l y i n s p i r i n g t h e n a r r a t o r
t o :
F. t u r n awa y f r o m a c a r e e r i n p h o t o g r a p h y
G . c r e a t e g r a n d p a n o r a m a s o f t h e n ew B o m b a y.
H . p r o d u c e i m a g e s t h a t h i s f a t h e r w o u l d a d d t o h i s
c o l l e c t i o n
J. p h o t o g r a p h s u b j e c t s t h a t d e p i c t ev e r y d a y l i f e o n
B o m b a y ’s s t r e e t s
3 . I n l i n e s 2 5 – 3 1 , t h e n a r r a t o r m u s e s ove r, t h e n r e j e c t s ,
t h e n o t i o n t h a t :
A . M e r c h a n t & M e r c h a n t p l a y e d a n i m p o r t a n t r o le i n
t h e bu i l d i n g o f B o m b a y
B . h e s t a r t e d p a y i n g a t t e n t i o n t o B o m b a y a t a y o u n g
a g e .
C . h i s a n t i c i p a t e d b i r t h wa s o n e o f t h e c a u s e s o f t h e
r u s h t o fi n i s h t h e bu i l d i n g o f B o m b a y
D. B o m b a y h a d b e e n a g i g a n t i c bu i l d i n g s i t e i n t h e
y e a r s b e f o r e h e wa s b o r n
4 . I n l i n e s 3 2 – 4 3 , t h e n a r r a t o r u s e s w h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow -
i n g l i t e r a r y d ev i c e s t o d e s c r i b e B o m b a y ?
F. A l l i t e r a t i o n
G . A l l u s i o n
H . P e r s o n i fi c a t i o n
J. S i m i l e
5 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g s t a t e m e n t s b e s t c a p t u r e s h ow
t h e n a r r a t o r ’s p a r e n t s b a l a n c e d t h e i r p a r e n t a l d u t i e s
w i t h t h e i r wo r k a t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n c o m p a ny ?
A . T h e n a r r a t o r ’s m o t h e r d i d t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e wo r k
a t t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n c o m p a ny, w h i l e t h e n a r r a t o r ’s
fa t h e r t o o k c a r e o f t h e n a r r a t o r
B . T h e n a r r a t o r ’s p a r e n t s t r a d e d o ff r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r
t a k i n g c a r e o f t h e n a r r a t o r a n d wo r k i n g a t t h e c o n -
s t r u c t i o n c o m p a ny
C . Th e n a r r a t o r ’s f a t h e r w o r k e d a t h i s d e s i g n i n g
b o a r d , w h i l e t h e n a r r a t o r ’s m o t h e r t o o k t h e n a r r a -
t o r a l o n g t o bu i l d i n g s i t e s .
D. T h e n a r r a t o r ’s p a r e n t s b o t h w o r k e d a t t h e c o n -
s t r u c t i o n c o m p a ny, w h i l e t h e n a r r a t o r s t a y e d h o m e
w i t h a b a b y s i t t e r.
6 . A s i t i s u s e d i n l i n e 9 , t h e w o r d s w e e p m o s t n e a r l y
m e a n s :
F. ove r w h e l m i n g v i c t o r y.
G . w i d e - r a n g i n g s e a r c h
H . c o m p l e t e r e m ova l .
J. b r o a d a r e a
7 . I n t h e c o n t ex t o f t h e p a s sa g e , t h e p r i m a r y f u n c t i o n o f
l i n e s 6 – 1 0 i s t o :
A . c o m p a r e a r c h i t e c t u r a l l a n d m a r k s i n B o m b a y t o
t h o s e e l s ew h e r e .
B . h e l p i l l u s t r a t e h o w t h e t e r m “ a r t d e c o ” w a s
d e r ive d
C . c o n t r a d i c t t h e i d e a t h a t B o m b a y wa s i n i t s g o l d e n
a g e w h e n t h e n a r r a t o r wa s a c h i l d
D. p r ov i d e ex a m p l e s o f “ B o m b a y s t y l e ” a r c h i t e c t u r e
i n R o m e .
8 . T h e n a r r a t o r a s a c h i l d v i ew e d t h e wo r k h i s p a r e n t s d i d
f o r M e r c h a n t & M e r c h a n t w i t h a s t r o n g s e n s e o f :
F. j o y ; t h e w o r k p r o v i d e d t h e f a m i l y w i t h e n o u g h m o n ey t o l ive ex t r ava g a n t l ive s .
G . f e a r ; t h e n a r r a t o r k n ew h i s p a r e n t s w e r e o f t e n s o
ex h a u s t e d t h ey w e r e c a r e l e s s a b o u t s a f e t y
H . j e a l o u s y ; t h e w o r k p u l l e d t h e n a r r a t o r ’s p a r e n t s
awa y f r o m h i m a n d d i r e c t e d t h e i r a t t e n t i o n t o t h e
c i t y
J. r e s p e c t ; h i s p a r e n t s w e r e k n ow n f o r t h e i r q u a l i t y
wo r k m a n s h i p t h r o u g h o u t t h e c i t y
9 . A s i t i s u s e d i n l i n e 3 8 , t h e p h ra s e d rew u p m o s t n e a r l y
m e a n s :
A . ex t e n d e d
B . p r e p a r e d .
C . a p p r o a c h e d
D. s t r a i g h t e n e d
1 0 . I n t h e l a s t p a r a g r a p h , t h e n a r r a t o r ’s f a t h e r s h ow s t h e
n a r r a t o r t h e p h o t o s o f s t o r e f r o n t s a n d p i e r s i n o r d e r t o :
F. t e a c h t h e n a r r a t o r a b o u t t h e c o m m e r c i a l p r o g r e s s t h e p e o p l e w h o wo r k i n B o m b a y h ave m a d e .
G . c o nv i n c e t h e n a r r a t o r t h a t D a y a l a n d H a s e l e r w e r e
B o m b a y ’s fi r s t g r e a t p h o t o g r a p h e r s
H . c l a r i f y h i s c l a i m t h a t h i s p h ot o c o l l e c t i o n wa s n o t a b o u t m o d e r n - d a y B o m b a y b u t r a t h e r a b o u t t h e e a r l y t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y.
J. i l l u s t r a t e t h a t p h o t o s o f p l a c e s c a n r eve a l a s m u c h
a b o u t t h e p e o p l e w h o s p e n t t i m e t h e r e a s p h o t o s o f
t h e p e o p l e t h e m s e l ve s .
Pa s s a g e I I
S O C I A LS C I E N C E : T h i s p a s s a g e i s a d a p t e d f r o m G r e a t
Wa te rs : A n A t l a n t i c Pa s s a g e by D e b o r a h C r a m e r ( © 2 0 01 by
D e b o ra h C ra m e r )
T h e Sa rga s s o S e a i s a p a r t o f t h e n o r t h e r n A t l a n t i c O c e a n
A s t h e C r a m e r i d l e s t h r o u g h t h e S a r g a s s o S e a ,
wa i t i n g f o r t h e w i n d t o r i s e , t h e s e a i s f l a t a n d e m p t y.
N o t h i n g d e m a r c a t e s o r d iv i d e s t h e s m o o t h ex p a n s e o f
wa t e r d i s s o l v i n g i n t o t h e h o r i z o n T h i s va s t , u n r o u g h -
e n e d s u r fa c e , t h i s b r e a d t h o f u n i f o r m s e a , d e c e ive s . B u t
f o r a f ew l o n e l y o c e a n i c i s l a n d s , t h e u n p e r t u r b e d s u r -
fa c e o ff e r s n o h i n t o f t h e g r a n d a n d s w e e p i n g e n e rg i e s
h i d d e n b e l ow.
O n l y o n e t h o u s a n d m i l e s o ff s h o r e , t h e C ra m e r h a s
a l r e a d y s a i l e d t h r o u g h s o m e o f A t l a n t i c ’s d e e p e s t
w a t e r s C o n t r a r y t o w h a t o n e m i g h t g u e s s , A t l a n t i c ’s
d e e p e s t wa t e r s , l i ke t h o s e i n o t h e r o c e a n s , a r e a l o n g h e r
e d g e s A s w e c o n t i n u e e a s t , t ow a r d t h e m i d d l e o f t h e
s e a , t h e b o t t o m r i s e s T h e u n m a r ke d p l a i n s o f t h e a b y s s ,
h e r e f l a t t e n e d b y l a y e r s o f s e d i m e n t , g ive wa y t o r i s i n g
f o o t h i l l s a n d t h e n t o m o u n t a i n s T h e f i r s t m a p s o f
A t l a n t i c s e a f l o o r n o t e d , a l b e i t c r u d e l y, t h i s r i s e . E a r l y
e ff o r t s t o p l u m b A t l a n t i c ’s d e p t h s p r ove d o u t r a g e o u s l y
i n a c c u r a t e : o n e n ava l o ffi c e r p a i d o u t e i g h t m i l e s ( t h i r -
t e e n k i l o m e t e r s ) o f h e m p r o p e f r o m a d r i f t i ng s h i p a n d
c o n c l u d e d t h e s e a h a d n o b o t t o m E v e n t u a l l y, s a i l o r s
m o r e o r l e s s s u c c e s s f u l l y c a l c u l a t e d d e p t h b y h e av i n g
ove r b o a r d c a n n o n b a l l s t i e d t o b a i l i n g t w i n e . W h e n t h ey
h i t b o t t o m , t h e s a i l o r s m e a s u r e d a n d s n i p p e d t h e t w i n e
a n d t h e n m o v e d o n , l e av i n g a t r a i l o f l e a d s t r u n g o u t
a c r o s s t h e s e a f l o o r T h e s e c r u d e s o u n d i n g s , f o r m i n g t h e
b a s i s o f t h e fi r s t m a p o f A t l a n t i c ’s b a s i n , p u b l i s h e d i n
1 8 5 4 , i d e n t i fi e d a p r o m i n e n t r i s e h a l f w a y b e t w e e n
E u r o p e a n d A m e r i c a
F o r m a n y y e a r s n o o n e c o u l d e x p l a i n w h y t h e
b a s i n o f A t l a n t i c , u n l i ke a b ow l , d e e p e n e d a t i t s e d g e s
a n d s h o a l e d i n i t s c e n t e r. P e o p l e a s s u m e d t h a t t h i s
“ M i d d l e G r o u n d , ” “ Te l e g r a p h P l a t e a u , ” o r “ D o l p h i n
R i s e , ” a s i t w a s va r i o u s l y c a l l e d , w a s a n a n c i e n t a n d
d r o w n e d l a n d b r i d g e , o r a l o s t c o n t i n e n t , b u t s a i l o r s
r e p a i r i n g t r a n s a t l a n t i c t e l e g r a p h c a b l e u n k n o w i n g l y
p r o d u c e d ev i d e n c e t o p r ove o t h e r w i s e W r e s t l i n g w i t h
t h e b r o ke n c a b l e , t h ey a c c i d e n t a l l y t w i s t e d o ff a p i e c e
o f t h e “ p l a t e a u ” a n d d r e d g e d u p a t w e n t y - o n e - p o u n d
( t e n - k i l o g r a m ) c h u n k o f d e n s e b l a c k vo l c a n i c r o c k I t
wa s s o m e o f t h e y o u n g e s t , f r e s h e s t r o c k o n e a r t h , a n d i t
wa s t o r n n o t f r o m a p i e c e o f c o n t i n e n t s u n k b e n e a t h t h e
wave s , bu t f r o m t h e ve r y f o u n d a t i o n o f t h e s e a .
To d a y, h i g h l y s o p h i s t ic a t e d s o u n d wave s b r i n g t h e
h a z y i m a g e s o f t h o s e e a r l y s o u n d i n g s i n t o s h a r p f o c u s ,
r eve a l i n g t h a t o n e o f t h e l a rg e s t a n d m o s t s a l i e n t g e o -
g r a p h i c f e a t u r e s o n t h e p l a n e t l i e s o n t h e f l o o r o f t h e
o c e a n . H i d d e n b e n e a t h t h e w ave s i s a n i m m e n s e s u b -
m e rg e d m o u n t a i n r a n g e , t h e b a c k b o n e o f t h e s e a M o r e
ex t e n s ive , r u g g e d , a n d i m p o s i n g t h a n t h e A n d e s , R o c k -
i e s , o r H i m a l a y a s , i t c ove r s a l m o s t a s m u c h o f e a r t h ’s
s u r fa c e a s t h e d r y l a n d o f c o n t i n e n t s Wi n d i n g l i ke t h e
s e a m o f a b a s e b a l l , i t c i r c l e s t h e p l a n e t i n a l o n g , s i n u -
o u s p a t h , r u n n i n g t h e e n t i r e l e n g t h o f A t l a n t i c , s l a s h i n g
t h e b a s i n n e a t l y i n t w o . I t s m o u n t a i n s a r e s t a r k a n d
b l a c k , a s b l a c k a s t h e s e a i t s e l f , l i t o n l y a t t h e i r p e a k s
b y a t h i n , p a t c h y c ove r i n g o f w h i t e , t h e s ke l e t a l r e m a i n s
o f t i ny m i c r o s c o p i c a n i m a l s t h a t o n c e l ive d a t t h e s u r -
fa c e P ea k s a s h i g h a s M o u n t S t H e l e n s s i t i n a wa t e r y
wo r l d o f b l a c k n e s s , m o r e t h a n a m i l e b e l ow t h e s u r fa c e ,
b ey o n d t h e r e a c h o f l i g h t , b ey o n d t h e s i g h t o f s a i l o r s .
A g r e a t va l l e y, e c l i p s i n g a n y c o m p a r a b l e f e a t u r e
o n d r y l a n d , r u n s t h r o u g h t h e s e m o u n t a i n s . A r i z o n a ’s
G r a n d C a ny o n , o n e o f e a r t h ’s m o s t s p e c t a c u l a r p l a c e s ,
ex t e n d s f o r a b o u t 2 8 0 m i l e s ( 4 5 0 k i l o m e t e r s ) . A l e s s e r-
k n ow n c a ny o n o f s i m i l a r d e p t h bu t co n s i d e r a b l y g r e a t e r
l e n g t h l i e s h i d d e n i n t h e m o u n t a i n s o f t h e r i d g e
A l t h o u g h o ff s e t i n m a ny p l a c e s b y b r e a k s i n t h e m o u n -
t a i n s , t h e r i f t va l l ey, a s t h e c a ny o n i s c a l l e d , ex t e n d s t h e
l e n g t h o f A t l a n t i c f o r 1 1 , 0 0 0 m i l e s ( 1 7 , 7 0 0 k i l o m e t e r s )
H e r e i n t h i s b l e a k a n d f o r b i d d i n g p l a c e , w h e r e t h e
wa t e r i s a l m o s t f r e e z i n g , s u b t e r r a n e a n fi r e s h ave l i f t e d
m o u n d s o f f r e s h l ava o n t o t h e s e a f l o o r. S c i e n t i s t s v i s i ti n g t h e r i f t va l l ey f o r t h e fi r s t t i m e n a m e d t h e vo l c a n i c
h i l l s i n t h i s o t h e r w o r l d l y s e t t i n g a f t e r d i s t a n t , l i f e l e s s p l a n e t s .
Ye t , w h a t h a d s e e m e d s o f o r e i g n t o s c i e n t i s t s i s a n i n t eg r a l p a r t o f e a r t h ’s ve r y b e i n g , f o r a t t h e r i d g e o u r
ow n p l a n e t g iv e s b i r t h T h e f l o o r o f t h e r i f t va l l e y i s
t o r n ; f r o m t h e g a s h e s h a s s p r u n g t h e s e a f l o o r u n d e r l y -
i n g a l l o f A t l a n t i c H e r e t h e y o u n g e s t , n ew e s t p i e c e s a r e
m a de E a r t h i s s t i l l c o o l i n g f r o m h e r t u m u l t u o u s b i r t h
f o u r a n d a h a l f b i l l i o n y e a r s a g o . H e a t , l e a k i n g f r o m t h e
m o l t e n c o r e a n d f r o m r a d i o a c t ive d e c a y d e e p i n s i d e t h e
p l a n e t , r i s e s t owa r d e a r t h ’s s u r fa c e , p ow e r i n g t h e vo l c a -
n o e s t h a t d e l ive r t h e r i d g e t o t h e s e a .
1 1 . T h e a u t h o r ’s a t t i t u d e t ow a r d t h e m a i n s u b j e c t o f t h e
p a s s a g e c a n b e s t b e d e s c r i b e d a s :
A . aw e a n d fa s c i n a t i o n .
B . d i s b e l i e f a n d cy n i c i s m
C . a m u s e m e n t a n d n o s t a l g i a
D. b o r e d o m a n d i n d i ff e r e n c e .
1 2 . T h e p a s s a g e m a ke s c l e a r t h a t “ M i d d l e G r o u n d , ” “ Te l e -
g r a p h P l a t e a u , ” a n d “ D o l p h i n R i s e ” w e r e n a m e s t h a t
p e o p l e g ave t o w h a t wa s a c t u a l l y :
F. a n i s l a n d i n A t l a n t i c .
G . a t r a n s a t l a n t i c t e l eg r a p h c a b l e
H . a n a n c i e n t a n d d r ow n e d l a n d b r i d g e
J.
t h e i m m e n s e m o u n t a i n r a n g e i n A t l a n t i c ’s b a s i n .
1 3 . I n t h e fi r s t p a r a g r a p h , t h e a u t h o r d e s c r i b e s t h e s t i l l n e s s
o f t h e S a rg a s s o S e a a s t h e C ra m e r p a s s e s t h r o u g h i t
p r i m a r i l y t o e m p h a s i z e t h a t t h e s t i l l n e s s :
A . w o n ’ t l a s t l o n g , f o r t h e s e a w i l l b e c o m e r o u g h
w h e n t h e w i n d r i s e s .
B . m a k e s i t e a s y f o r a p a s s e n g e r o n t h e C r a m e r t o
s p o t o c e a n i c i s l a n d s t h a t b r e a k t h e wa t e r ’s s u r fa c e
C . i s i n d r a m a t i c c o n t r a s t t o t h e p ow e r o f w h a t ex i s t s
o n a n d u n d e r t h e s e a f l o o r fa r b e l ow
D. m a ke s i t s e e m a s i f t h e C ra m e r ’s wa ke i s d iv i d i n g
t h e u n b r o ke n ex p a n s e o f wa t e r i n t o t wo .
1 4 . T h e p a s s a g e s t a t e s t h a t c o m p a r e d t o A r i z o n a ’s G r a n d
C a ny o n , t h e c a ny o n t h a t l i e s w i t h i n t h e m o u n t a i n s i n
A t l a n t i c ’s b a s i n i s c o n s i d e r a b l y :
F. d e e p e r.
G . o l d e r
H . w i d e r
J. l o n g e r.
1 5 . T h e m a i n p u r p o s e o f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i n l i n e s 7 1 – 7 6 i s
t o :
A . d e s c r i b e i n d e t a i l s c i e n t i s t s ’ ex p e c t a t i o n s f o r t h e i r
fi r s t t r i p t o t h e r i f t va l l ey.
B . c h a r a c t e r i z e t h e r i f t va l l ey a s a n a l i e n , s e e m i n g l y
b a r r e n p l a c e
C . p r ov i d e s t a t i s t i c s a b o u t s eve r a l g e o g r a p h i c p r o p e r -
t i e s o f t h e r i f t va l l ey
D. l i s t t h e n a m e s t h a t s c i e n t i s t s g ave t o t h e vo l c a n i c
h i l l s i n t h e r i f t va l l ey.
1
6 . O n e o f t h e m a i n p u r p o s e s o f t h e l a s t p a r a g r a p h i s t o
s t a t e t h a t t h e :
F. g a s h e s i n t h e r i f t v a l l e y c o n t i n u e t o i n c r e a s e i n
w i d t h .
G . s e a f l o o r o f A t l a n t i c h a s c o o l e d
H. e n t i r e A t l a n t i c s e a f l o o r h a s i s s u e d f r o m t h e g a s h e s
i n t h e r i f t va l l ey.
J. v o l c a n o e s o n E a r t h ’s d r y l a n d h a v e c r e a t e d t h e
n ew e s t , y o u n g e s t p i e c e s o f A t l a n t i c s e a f l o o r.
1 7 . T h e a u t h o r m o s t s t r o n g l y i m p l i e s t h a t p e o p l e c o m -
m o n l y a s s u m e t h e d e e p e s t wa t e r s o f a n o c e a n a r e :
A . a b o u t o n e t h o u s a n d m i l e s o ff s h o r e .
B . a t t h e m i d d l e o f t h e o c e a n
C . d o t t e d w i t h i s l a n d s .
D. l o c a t e d i n t r e n c h e s
1 8 . A s i t i s u s e d i n l i n e 1 9, t h e p h r a s e p a i d o u t m o s t n e a r l y
m e a n s :
F. d i s p e n s e d .
G . a s c e r t a i n e d
H . s u g g e s t e d . J. c o m p e n s a t e d
1 9 . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e p a s s a g e , t h e m o u n t a i n r a n g e i n
A t l a n t i c ’s b a s i n c o v e r s n e a r l y t h e s a m e a m o u n t o f
E a r t h ’s s u r fa c e a s d o e s :
A . M o u n t S t H e l e n s
B . t h e H i m a l a y a s .
C . t h e Pa c i fi c O c e a n
D. t h e d r y l a n d o f c o n t i n e n t s
2 0 . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e p a s s a g e , t h e w h i t e c ove r o n t h e p e a k s
o f t h e m o u n t a i n s i n A t l a n t i c ’s b a s i n i s :
F. s ke le t a l r e m a i n s o f m i c r o s c o p i c a n i m a l s
G . t h i n l a y e r s o f s e d i m e n t a r y vo l c a n i c a s h .
H . p a t c h e s o f i c e
J. s a l t d e p o s i t s .
Pa s s a g e I I I
H U M A N I T I E S : Pa s s a g e A i s a d a p te d f ro m t h e e s s a y “ Ju s t T h i s
S i d e o f B y z a n t i u m ” by Ra y B ra d bu r y ( © 19 7 5 by Ra y B ra d bu r y ) ,
w h i c h i s t h e i n t ro d u c t i o n to a l a te r e d i t i o n o f B ra d bu r y ’s 19 5 7
n ove l D a n d e l i o n Wi n e Pa s s a g e B i s a d a p te d f ro m D a n d e l i o n
Wi n e ( © 19 5 7 by Ra y B ra d bu r y )
Pa s s a g e A by Ra y B ra d bu r y
I b eg a n t o l e a r n t h e n a t u r e o f s u r p r i s e s , t h a n k f u l l y,
w h e n I w a s f a i r l y y o u n g a s a w r i t e r B e f o r e t h a t , l i k e
eve r y b eg i n n e r, I t h o u g h t y o u c o u l d b e a t , p u m m e l , a n d
t h r a s h a n i d e a i n t o ex i s t e n c e U n d e r s u c h t r e a t m e n t , o f
c o u r s e , a ny d e c e n t i d e a f o l d s u p i t s p aw s , t u r n s o n i t s
b a c k , fi xe s i t s ey e s o n e t e r n i t y, a n d d i e s .
I t w a s w i t h g r e a t r e l i e f , t h e n , t h a t i n m y e a r l y
t w e n t i e s I f l o u n d e r e d i n t o a wo r d - a s s o c i a t i o n p r o c e s s i n
w h i c h I s i m p l y g o t o u t o f b e d e a c h m o r n i n g , wa l ke d t o
m y d e s k , a n d p u t d ow n a ny wo r d o r s e r i e s o f wo r d s t h a t
h a p p e n e d a l o n g i n m y h e a d
I wo u l d t h e n t a ke a r m s a g a i n s t t h e wo r d , o r f o r i t , a n d b r i n g o n a n a s s o r t m e n t o f c h a r a c t e r s t o w e i g h t h e
wo r d a n d s h ow m e i t s m e a n i n g i n m y ow n l i f e . A n h o u r
o r t w o h o u r s l a t e r, t o m y a m a z e m e n t , a n e w s t o r y
wo u l d b e fi n i s h e d a n d d o n e T h e s u r p r i s e wa s t o t a l a n d
l ove l y. I s o o n f o u n d t h a t I wo u l d h ave t o wo r k t h i s wa y
f o r t h e r e s t o f m y l i f e
F i r s t I r u m m ag e d m y m i n d f o r w o r d s t h a t c o u l d
d e s c r i b e m y p e r s o n a l n i g h t m a r e s , f e a r s o f n i g h t a n d
t i m e f r o m m y c h i l d h o o d , a n d s h a p e d s t o r i e s f r o m t h e s e .
T h e n I t o o k a l o n g l o o k a t t h e g r e e n a p p l e t r e e s
a n d t h e o l d h o u s e I wa s b o r n i n a n d t h e h o u s e n ex t d o o r
w h e r e l ive d m y g r a n d p a r e n t s , a n d a l l t h e l aw n s o f t h e
s u m m e r s I g r ew u p i n , a n d I b eg a n t o t r y wo r d s f o r a l l
t h a t .
I h a d t o s e n d m y s e l f b a c k , w i t h wo r d s a s c a t a l y st s ,
t o o p e n t h e m e m o r i e s o u t a n d s e e w h a t t h e y h a d t o o ff e r
S o f r o m t h e a g e o f t w e n t y - f o u r t o t h i r t y - s i x h a r d l y
a d a y p a s s e d w h e n I d i d n ’t s t r o l l m y s e l f a c r o s s a r e c o l -
l e c t i o n o f m y g r a n d p a r e n t s ’ n o r t h e r n I l l i n o i s g r a s s ,
h o p i n g t o c o m e a c r o s s s o m e o l d h a l f - bu r n t fi r e c r a c ke r,
a r u s t e d t oy, o r a f r a g m e n t o f l e t t e r w r i t t e n t o m y s e l f i n
s o m e y o u n g y e a r h o p i n g t o c o n t a c t t h e o l d e r p e r s o n I
b e c a m e t o r e m i n d h im o f h i s p a s t , h i s l i f e , h i s p e o p l e , h i s j oy s , a n d h i s d r e n c h i n g s o r r ow s .
A l o n g t h e wa y I c a m e u p o n a n d c o l l i d e d , t h r o u g h
wo r d - a s s o c i a t i o n , w i t h o l d a n d t r u e f r i e n d s h i p s . I b o r -
r ow e d m y f r i e n d J o h n H u ff f r o m m y c h i l d h o o d i n A r i -
z o n a a n d s h i p p e d h i m E a s t t o G r e e n To w n s o t h a t I
c o u l d s a y g o o d - b y e t o h i m p r o p e r l y.
A l o n g t h e w a y, I s a t m e d o w n t o b r e a k f a s t s ,
l u n c h e s , a n d d i n n e r s w i t h t h e l o n g d e a d a n d m u c h
l ove d
T h u s I f e l l i n t o s u r p r i s e I c a m e o n t h e o l d a n d b e s t
wa y s o f w r i t i n g t h r o u g h i g n o r a n c e a n d ex p e r i m e n t a n d
wa s s t a r t l e d w h e n t r u t h s l e a p e d o u t o f bu s h e s l i ke q u a i l
b e f o r e g u n s h o t . I b l u n d e r e d i n t o c r e a t iv i t y a s a ny c h i l d
l e a r n i n g t o wa l k a n d s e e . I l e a r n e d t o l e t m y s e n s e s a n d
m y Pa s t t e l l m e a l l t h a t wa s s o m e h ow t r u e
Pa s s a g e B by Ra y B ra d bu r y
T h e fa c t s a b o u t J o h n H u ff , a g e d t w e l ve , a r e s i m p l e
a n d s o o n s t a t e d H e c o u l d p a t h f i n d m o r e t r a i l s t h a n
a ny o n e s i n c e t i m e b eg a n , c o u l d l e a p f r o m t h e s ky l i ke a
c h i m p a n z e e f r o m a v i n e , c o u l d l i v e u n d e r w a t e r t w o
m i n u t e s a n d s l i d e fi f t y y a r d s d ow n s t r e a m f r o m w h e r e
y o u l a s t s aw h i m . T h e b a s e b a l l s y o u p i t c h e d h i m h e h i t
i n t h e a p p l e t r e e s , k n o c k i n g d o w n h a r v e s t s H e r a n
l a u g h i n g H e s a t e a s y H e wa s n o t a bu l l y H e wa s k i n d
H e k n ew t h e n a m e s o f a l l t h e w i l d f l ow er s a n d w h e n
t h e m o o n wo u l d r i s e a n d s e t H e wa s , i n fa c t , t h e o n l y
g o d l iv i n g i n t h e w h o l e o f G r e e n Tow n , I l l i n o i s , d u r i n g
t h e t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y t h a t D o u g l a s S p a u l d i n g k n ew o f .
A n d r i g h t n o w h e a n d D o u g l a s w e r e h i k i n g o u t
b ey o n d t ow n o n a n o t h e r w a r m a n d m a r b l e - r o u n d d a y,
t h e s k y b l u e b l o w n - g l a s s r e a c h i n g h i g h , t h e c r e e k s
b r i g h t w i t h m i r r o r wa t e r s fa n n i n g ove r w h i t e s t o n e s . I t
wa s a d a y a s p e r f e c t a s t h e f l a m e o f a c a n d l e
D o u g l a s wa l ke d t h r o u g h i t t h i n k i n g i t wo u l d g o o n
t h i s wa y f o r eve r T h e s o u n d o f a g o o d f r i e n d w h i s t l i n g
l i k e a n o r i o l e , p e g g i n g t h e s o f t b a l l , a s y o u h o r s e -
d a n c e d , k e y - j i n g l e d t h e d u s t y p a t h s ; t h i n g s w e r e a t
h a n d a n d wo u l d r e m a i n
I t wa s s u c h a fi n e d a y a n d t h e n s u d d e n l y a c l o u d
c r o s s e d t h e s k y, c o v e r e d t h e s u n , a n d d i d n o t m o v e a g a i n .
J o h n H u ff h a d b e e n s p e a k i n g q u i e t l y f o r s ev e r a l
m i n ut e s N ow D o u g l a s s t o p p e d o n t h e p a t h a n d l o o ke d
ove r a t h i m
“ J o h n , s a y t h a t a g a i n ”
“ Yo u h e a r d m e t h e fi r s t t i m e , D o u g . ”
“ D i d y o u s a y y o u w e r e g o i n g awa y ? ”
J o h n t o o k a y e l l ow a n d g r e e n t r a i n t i c ke t s o l e m n l y
f r o m h i s p o c ke t a n d t h ey b o t h l o o ke d a t i t .
“ To n i g h t ! ” s a i d D o u g l a s “ M y g o s h ! To n i g h t w e w e r e g o i n g t o p l a y R e d L i g h t , G r e e n L i g h t a n d S t a t u e s !
H ow c o m e , a l l o f a s u d d e n ? Yo u b e e n h e r e i n G r e e n
Tow n a ll m y l i f e . Yo u j u s t d o n ’t p i c k u p a n d l e ave ! ”
“ I t ’s m y fa t h e r,” s a i d J o h n “ H e ’s g o t a j o b i n M i l -
wa u ke e . We w e r e n ’t s u r e u n t i l t o d a y . . . ”
T h ey s a t u n d e r a n o l d o a k t r e e o n t h e s i d e o f t h e
h i l l l o o k i n g b a c k a t t ow n . O u t b ey o n d , i n s u n l i g h t , t h e
t ow n w a s p a i n t e d w i t h h e a t , t h e w i n d ow s a l l g a p i n g
D o u g l a s wa n t e d t o r u n b a c k i n t h e r e w h e r e t h e t ow n , b y i t s v e r y w e i g h t , i t s h o u s e s , t h e i r b u l k , m i g h t e n c l o s e
a n d p r eve n t J o h n ’s eve r g e t t i n g u p a n d r u n n i n g o ff
Questions 21–25 ask about Passage A
2 1 . W h e n B r a d b u r y c l a i m s , “ T h u s I f e l l i n t o s u r p r i s e ”
( l i n e 4 6 ) , h e ’s m o s t n e a r l y r e f e r r i n g t o t h e :
A . d i s c ove r y t h a t f o r h i m t h e s e c r e t t o a c r e a t ive o u t -
p o u r i n g wa s t o u s e a wo r d - a s s o c i a t i o n m e t h o d t o
w r i t e fi c t i o n
B . l o n g - f o r g o t t e n e x p e r i e n c e s h e w o u l d r e m e m b e r
w h e n h e wo u l d t a l k w i t h h i s c h i l d h o o d f r i e n d s i n
p e r s o n
C . r e a l i z a t i o n t h a t h e w r o t e m o r e e ff e c t ive l y a b o u t h i s
c u r r e n t ex p e r i e n c e s t h a n a b o u t hi s p a s t
D. s eve r a l m e t h o d s o t h e r w r i t e r s t a u g h t h i m t o h e l p
h i m w r i t e h o n e s t , a u t h e n t i c s t o r i e s .
2 2 . Pa s s a g e A i n d i c a t e s t h a t B r a d bu r y b e l i eve s a l l b eg i n -
n i n g w r i t e r s t h i n k t h a t t h ey c a n :
F. l e a r n t h e n a t u r e o f s u r p r i s e s
G . f o r c e a n i d e a i n t o c r e a t i o n .
H . u s e o n e wo r d a s a c a t a l y s t f o r a s t o r y
J. b e c o m e a g o o d w r i t e r t h r o u g h ex p e r i m e n t
2 3 . B r a d bu r y ’s c l a i m “ I wo u l d t h e n t a ke a r m s a g a i n s t t h e
w o r d , o r f o r i t ” (l i n e 1 2 ) m o s t s t r o n g l y s u g g e s t s t h a t
d u r i n g h i s w r i t i n g s e s s i o n s , B r a d bu r y wo u l d :
A . a t t e m p t t o fi n d t h e o n e wo r d t h a t f o r h i m wa s t h e
key t o u n d e r s t a n d i n g J o h n H u ff .
B . o f t e n r e j e c t a w o r d a s n o t b e i n g a c a t a l y s t f o r
m e a n i n g f u l w r i t i n g .
C . d e l i b e r a t e l y c h o o s e t o w r i t e o n l y a b o u t a wo r d t h a t
i n s p i r e d h i s f e a r s
D. f e e l a s t h o u g h h e w e r e s t r u g g l i n g t o fi n d a wo r d ’s
s i g n i fi c a n c e t o h i m
2 4 . I n t h e s eve n t h p a r a g r a ph o f Pa s s a g e A ( l i n e s 3 0 – 3 7 ) ,
B r a d b u r y e x p l a i n s h i s h a b i t , o v e r m a n y y e a r s a s a
w r i t e r, o f a l m o s t d a i l y :
F. l o o k i n g a t a n d w r i t i n g a b o u t o b j e c t s f r o m h i s
c h i l d h o o d t h a t h e h a d s ave d
G . w i s h i n g h e h a d k e p t m o r e l e t t e r s f r o m h i s c h i l d -
h o o d t o t r i g g e r h i s m e m o r i e s
H . d r iv i n g p a s t h i s g r a n d p a r e n t s ’ p r o p e r t y, h o p i n g t o
n o t i c e s o m e t h i n g t h a t w o u l d r e m i n d h i m o f h i s p a s t
J. t h i n k i n g a b o u t h i s g r a n d p a r e n t s ’ p r o p e r t y, h o p i n g
t o r e m e m b e r s o m e t h i n g t h a t wo u l d b r i n g h i s p a s t i n t o f o c u s
2 5 . Pa s s a g e A ex p l a i n s t h a t w h e n w r i t i n g a b o u t t h e c h a r a c -
t e r J o h n H u ff , B r a d bu r y h a d :
A . p l a c e d J o h n i n a t ow n i n A r i z o n a , w h e r e B r a d bu r y h i m s e l f h a d g r ow n u p
B . i n c l u d e d J o h n i n s t o r i e s a b o u t a t ow n i n A r i z o n a
a n d i n s t o r i e s a b o u t G r e e n Tow n .
C . “ m o v e d ” J o h n t o a t o w n o t h e r t h a n t h e t o w n i n
w h i c h t h e r e a l - l i f e J o h n H u ff h a d g r ow n u p .
D. “ b o r r o w e d ” J o h n t o u s e a s a m i n o r c h a r a c t e r i n m a ny o f h i s s t o r i e s
Questions 26 and 27 ask about Passage B
2 6 . I n t h e fi r s t p a r a g r a p h o f Pa s s a g e B ( l i n e s 5 2 – 6 3 ) , t h e
n a r r a t o r d e s c r i b e s J o h n H u ff i n a m a n n e r t h a t :
F. e m p h a s i z e s J o h n ’s p h y s i c a l s t r e n g t h a n d i n t e l l i -
g e n c e , t o i n d i c a t e J o h n ’s v i ew o f h i m s e l f .
G . ex a g g e r a t e s J o h n ’s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d a c t i o n s , t o
r e f l e c t D o u g l a s ’s i d o l i z a t i o n o f J o h n
H . h i g h l i g h t s J o h n ’s r e c k l e s s b e h av i o r, t o s h ow t h a t
D o ug l a s wa s m o s t f o n d o f J o h n ’s r e b e l l i o u s n e s s
J. s h ow c a s e s J o h n ’s t a l e n t s , t o m a ke c l e a r w h y b o t h
c h i l d r e n a n d a d u l t s a d m i r e d J o h n
2 7 . Wi t h i n Pa s s a g e B , t h e i m a g e i n l i n e s 7 4 – 7 6 f u n c t i o n s
fi g u r a t ive l y t o s u g g e s t t h a t :
A . J o h n ’s l e av i n g o n a s t o r m y n i g h t wa s fi t t i n g , g ive n
D o u g l a s ’s s a d n e s s
B . J o h n ’s d i s a p p o i n t m e n t a b o u t m ov i n g wa s r e f l e c t e d
i n h i s m o o d a l l d a y
C . t h e m o o d o f t h e d a y c h a n g e d d r a m a t i c a l l y a n d i r reve r s i b l y o n c e J o h n s h a r e d h i s n ew s .
D. t h e s k y i n G r e e n To w n b e c a m e c l o u d y a t t h e
m o m e n t J o h n t o l d D o u g l a s h e wa s m ov i n g
Questions 28–30 ask about both passages
2 8 . B o t h P a s s a g e A a n d P a s s a g e B h i g h l i g h t B r a d b u r y ’s
u s e o f :
F. a fi r s t p e r s o n o m n i s c i e n t n a r r a t o r t o t e l l a s t o r y
G . s a t i r e a n d i r o ny t o d eve l o p c h a r a c t e r s .
H . a l l e g o r y t o p r e s e n t a c o m p l e x p h i l o s o p h i c a l
q u e s t i o n
J. s e n s o r y d e t a i l s a n d i m a g i n a t i v e d e s c r i p t i o n t o c o nvey i d e a s
2 9 . B a s e d o n B ra d bu r y ’s d e s c r i p t i o n i n P a s s a g e A o f h i s w r i t i n g p r o c e s s , w h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g m e t h o d s h y p o -
t h e t i c a l l y d e p i c t s a wa y B r a d bu r y m i g h t h ave b eg u n t o
w r i t e t h e s t o r y i n Pa s s a g e B ?
A . Ta k i n g n o t e s w h i l e i n t e r v i ew i n g o l d f r i e n d s a f t e r
fi r s t d e c i d i n g t o w r i t e a s t o r y a b o u t t wo b oy s
B . F o r m i n g t w o c h a r a c t e r s , d e t e r m i n i n g t h a t h e w o u l d l i k e t o t e l l a s t o r y a b o u t l o s s , a n d t h e n
b eg i n n i n g t o w r i t e a s c e n e
C . W r i t i n g d o w n t h e w o r d s t r a i n t i c k e t a n d t h e n
s p e n d i n g a n h o u r w r i t i n g w h a t e v e r t h o s e w o r d s
b r o u g h t t o h i s m i n d
D. O u t l i n i n g t h e p l o t o f a s t o r y a b o u t t wo b oy s t h a t
wo u l d e n d w i t h o n e b oy l e av i n g o n a t r a i n
3 0 . E l s e w h e r e i n t h e e s s a y f r o m w h i c h P a s s a g e A i s
a d a p t e d , B r a d bu r y w r i t e s :
Wa s t h e r e a r e a l b oy n a m e d J o h n H u ff?
T
h e r e wa s A n d t h a t wa s t r u l y h i s n a m e B u t
h e d i d n ’t g o awa y f r o m m e , I w e n t awa y f r o m
h i m
H ow d o t h e s e s t a t e m e n t s a p p l y t o b o t h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n
a b o u t B r a d bu r y ’s a p p r o a c h a s a s t o r y t e l l e r p r ov i d e d i n
Pa s s a g e A a n d t h e s t o r y o f J o h n H u ff p r ov i d e d i n Pa s -
s a g e B ?
F. T h ey r eve a l t h a t B r a d bu r y b e l i eved t h a t t o s u r p r i s e
r e a d e r s i s a fi c t i o n w r i t e r ’s m o s t i m p o r t a n t t a s k
G . T h ey r e i n f o r c e t h a t B r a d bu r y u s e d h i s l i f e ex p e r i -
e n c e s t o c r e a t e fi c t i o n bu t a l s o a l t e r e d t h o s e ex p e -
r i e n c e s a s h e p l e a s e d
H . T h ey p r ove t h a t B r a d bu r y f e l t s u c h p a i n ove r l e av -
i n g J o h n t h a t h e h a d t o r eve r s e eve n t s t o b e a b l e t o
w r i t e t h e s t o r y
J. T h e y i n d i c a t e t h a t B r a d b u r y r a r e l y u s e d h i s l i f e
ex p e r i e n c e s t o c r e a t e fi c t i o n
Pa s s a g e I V
N AT U RA L S C I E N C E : T h i s p a s s a g e i s a d a p te d f ro m t h e a r t i c l e
“ T h e Ja w s T h a t Ju m p ” by Ad a m S u m m e rs ( © 2 0 0 6 by N a t u ra l
H i s to r y M a ga z i n e, I n c )
R e c e n t l y I wa s r e m i n d e d o f j u s t h ow p ow e r f u l a n t s
c a n b e w h e n i n f l i c t i n g d a m a g e o n i n t r u d e r s . A t e a m o f
b i o m e c h a n i s t s h a s s t u d i e d t h e i n c r e d i b l y s p e e d y b i t e o f
a g r o u p o f C e n t r a l a n d S o u t h A m e r i c a n a n t s T h e t e a m
c l o c ke d t h e b i t e a s t h e fa s t e s t o n t h e p l a n e t an d d i s -
c ove r e d t h a t i t a l s o g ive s t h e a n t s t h e u n i q u e a b i l i t y t o
j u m p w i t h t h e i r j aw s , a d d i n g t o a n i m p r e s s ive a r r a y o f
a l r e a d y k n ow n d e f e n s e s
Tr a p - j aw a n t s n e s t i n l e a f l i t t e r, r a t h e r t h a n u n d e r -
g r o u n d o r i n m o u n d s T h e r e t h e y o f t e n f e e d o n w e l l -
a r m o r e d a n d e l u s iv e p r e y, i n c l u d i n g o t h e r s p e c i e s o f
a n t s . A s t h ey s t a l k t h e i r d i n n e r, t h e t r a p - j aw s h o l d t h e i r
m a n d i b l e s w i d e a p a r t , o f t e n c o c ke d o p e n a t 1 80 d eg r e e s
o r m o r e b y a l a t c h m e c h a n i s m . W h e n m i n u t e t r i g g e r
h a i r s o n t h e i n n e r e d g e o f t h e m a n d i b l e c o m e i n c o n t a c t
w i t h s o m e t h i n g , t h e j a w s s n a p s h u t a t s p e e d s n o w
k n ow n t o r e a c h 1 4 5 m i l e s p e r h o u r. N o p a s s e r b y c o u l d
o u t r a c e t h a t T h e a s t o u n d i n g l y h i g h s p e e d g i v e s t h e
j aw s , d e s p i t e t h e i r l i g h t w e i g h t , e n o u g h f o r c e t o c r a c k
o p e n t h e a r m o r o f m o s t p r ey a n d g e t a t t h e t a s t y m e a t i n s i d e
T h e k ey t o t h e j aw s ’ s p e e d ( a n d t h e i r eve n m o r e
a m a z i n g a c c e l e r a t i o n ) i s t h a t t h e r e l e a s e c o m e s f r o m
s t o r e d e n e rg y p r o d u c e d b y t h e s t r o n g bu t s l ow m u s c l e s
o f t h e j aw T h i n k h ow a n a r c h e r s l ow l y d r aw s a n a r r ow
i n a b ow s t r i n g a g a i n s t t h e f l ex o f a b ow : n e a r l y a l l t h e
e n e rg y f r o m t h e a r c h e r ’s m u s c l e s p o u r s i n t o t h e f l ex i n g
o f t h e b ow W h e n r e l e a s e d , t h e e n e rg y s t o r e d i n t h e b ow
w i n g s t h e a r r ow t owa r d i t s t a rg e t m u c h fa s t e r t h a n t h e
N Pa t e k a n d J o s e p h E B a i o , b o t h b i o m e c h a n i s t s a t t h e
U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a , B e r k e l e y. T h e y t e a m e d u p
w i t h t wo a n t ex p e r t s , B r i a n L . F i s h e r o f t h e C a l i f o r n i a
A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s i n S a n F r a n c i s c o a n d A n d r ew V
S u a r e z o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f I l l i n o i s a t U r b a n a -
C h a m p a i g n , t o l o o k a t t h e t r a p - jaw a n t O d o n t o m a ch u s
b a u r i
F i s h e r, S u a r e z , a n d o t h e r f i e l d b i o l o g i s t s h a d
a l r e a d y n o t e d t h a t c a t c h i n g O b a u r i wa s l i ke g r a b b i n g
f o r p o p p i n g p o p c o r n a n d v e r y h o t p o p c o r n a t t h a t ,
b e c a u s e a p a i n f u l s t i n g g o e s w i t h a n a n t ’s t r a p - j aw b i t e
T h e i n s e c t s b o u n c e d a r o u n d i n a d i z z y i n g f r e n z y a n d
p r o p e l l e d t h e m s e l v e s m a n y t i m e s t h e i r b o d y l e n g t h
w h e n b i o l o g i s t s o r s m a l l e r i n t r u d e r s a p p r o a c h e d t h e m
Pa t e k a n d B a i o m ad e h i g h - s p e e d v i d e o i m a g e s o f t h e i r
m ove m e n t s , a n d d i s c ove r e d t h a t t h e s e c r e t o f t h e i r s e l f -
p r o p u l s i o n w a s t h e w e l l - e x e c u t e d “ f i r i n g ” o f t h e i r
m a n d i b l e s . T h ey a l s o o b s e r ve d t h a t m a n d i b l e s s t a r t e d t o
d e c e l e r a t e b e f o r e t h e y m e e t p o s s i b l y t o a v o i d s e l f -
i n f l i c t e d d a m a g e . M o s t i m p o r t a n t , t h e a n t s h a d t wo d i s -
t i n c t m o d e s o f a e r i a l l o c o m o t i o n
I n t h e s o - c a l l e d e s c a p e j u m p , a n a n t o r i e n t s i t s
h e a d a n d j aw s p e rp e n d i c u l a r t o t h e g r o u n d , t h e n s l a m s i t s f a c e s t r a i g h t d o w n T h a t t r i g g e r s t h e c o c k e d
m a n d i b l e s t o r e l e a s e w i t h a f o r c e 4 0 0 t i m e s t h e a n t ’s
b o d y w e i g h t , l a u n c h i n g t h e i n s e c t t e n o r m o r e b o d y
l e n g t h s n e a r l y s t r a i g h t i n t o t h e a i r. T h e a n t d o e s n ’ t
s e e m t o g o i n a ny p a r t i c u l a r d i r e c t i o n , bu t t h e j u m p i s
p r e s u m a b l y f a s t a n d u n p r e d i c t a b l e e n o u g h t o h e l p t h e
i n s e c t eva d e , s a y, t h e p r o b i n g t o n g u e o f a l i z a r d . N o t
o n l y c a n t h e j u m p i n g a n t g a i n h e i g h t a n d s ow c o n f u -
s i o n , bu t i t m a y a l s o g e t t o a n ew va n t a g e p o i n t f r o m
w h i c h t o r e l a u n c h a n a t t a c k .
r e s u l t s 5 10 15 20 25 30
a r c h e r c o u l d b y t h r ow i n g t h e a r r ow l i ke a j ave l i n . T h e
b i o m e c h a n i c s o f e n e rg y s t o r a g e i s t h e d o m a i n o f S h e i l a
T h e s e c o n d k i n d o f j a w - p r o p e l l e d l o c o m o t i o n i s
eve n m o r e c o m m o n t h a n e s c a p e j u m p i n g I f a n i n t r u d e r
e n t e r s t h e a n t s ’ n e s t , o n e o f t h e a n t s b a n g s i t s j a w s
a g a i n s t t h e i n t r u d e r, w h i c h t r i g g e r s t h e t r a p - j a w a n d
p r o p e l s t h e i n t e r l o p e r ( i f s m a l l e n o u g h ) i n o n e d i r e c -
t i o n , o u t o f t h e n e s t , a n d t h e a n t i n t h e o t h e r O f t e n t h e
f o r c e s e n d s t h e a n t s k i m m i n g a n i n c h o ff t h e g r o u n d f o r
n e a r l y a f o o t T h e a t t a c k , f o r o bv i o u s r e a s o n s , i s k n ow n
a s t h e “ b o u n c e r d e f e n s e . ” I n t h e w i l d , g a n g s o f d e f e n d -
i n g a n t s t e a m u p t o a t t a c k h o s t i l e s t r a n g e r s , s e n d i n g
t h e m h e a d ove r h e e l s o u t o f t h e n e s t
F r o m a n evo l u t i o n a r y p o i n t o f v i ew, t h e t r a p - j aw s
a r e a n i n t r i g u i n g s t o r y T h e a n t s c l e a r l y e v o l v e d a n e n t i r e l y n ew f u n c t i o n , p r o p u l s i o n , f o r a s y s t e m t h a t wa s
a l r e a d y u s e f u l c h ew i n g u p p r e y S ev e r a l l i n e a g e s o f t r a p - j a w a n t s h a v e i n d e p e n d e n t l y h i t o n t h e t a c t i c o f
s t o r i n g e n e rg y i n t h e i r j aw s t o p e n e t r a t e w e l l - d e f e n d e d
p r e y I n O d o n t o m a c h u s , t h e h o r i z o n t a l , b o u n c e r -
d e f e n s e j u m p c o u l d h ave a r i s e n o u t o f a t t e m p t s t o b i t e
i n t r u d e r s , bu t t h e h i g h , e s c a p e j u m p w i t h j aw s a i m e d
d i r e c t l y a t t h e g r o u n d m u s t h ave a r i s e n f r o m a d i ff e r -
e n t , p e r h a p s a c c i d e n t a l k i n d o f b e h a v i o r. S u c h a
s e r e n d i p i t o u s eve n t wo u l d h ave b e e n a r a r e i n s t a n c e i n
w h i c h b a n g i n g o n e ’s h e a d a g a i n s t t h e g r o u n d g o t g o o d
3 1 . T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f t h e p a s s a g e i s t o :
A . p r o v i d e a n o v e r v i e w o f t h e m e c h a n i c s a n d k e y
o p e r a t i o n s o f t h e j aw s o f t r a p - j aw a n t s
B . a n a l y z e P a t e k a n d B a i o ’s t e c h n i q u e s f o r f i l m i n g
t wo d e f e n s ive m a n e u ve r s o f t r a p - j aw a n t s
C . c o m p a r e t h e j a w s o f O d o n t o m a ch u s b a u r i t o t h e
j aw s o f o t h e r s p e c i e s o f a n t s .
D. d e s c r i b e t h e e v o l u t i o n o f t h e a b i l i t y o f t r a p - j a w
a n t s t o p e r f o r m a n e s c a p e j u m p
3 2 . T h e s e n t e n c e i n l in e s 7 3 – 7 5 a n d t h e l a s t s e n t e n c e o f
t h e p a s s a g e a r e e x a m p l e s o f t h e a u t h o r ’s r h e t o r i c a l
t e c h n i q u e o f :
F. w e av i n g s a r c a s m i n t o a m o s t l y c a s u a l a n d p l a y f u l
a r t i c l e .
G . i n t e r j e c t i n g a l i g h t h e a r t e d t o n e i n t o a p r i m a r i l y
t e c h n i c a l a r t i c l e .
H . i n t eg r a t i n g a s l i g h t l y c o m b a t ive t o n e i n t o a n a r t i -
c l e t h a t m o s t l y p r a i s e s t w o s c i e n t i s t s ’ w o r k
J. i n c o r p o r a t i n g p e r s o n a l a n e c d o t e s i n t o a n a r t i c l e
t h a t m o s t l y r e p o r t s d a t a
3
3 . A s i t i s u s e d i n l i n e s 8 1 – 8 2 , t h e p h r a s e w e l l - d e f e n d e d
p rey m o s t n e a r l y r e f e r s t o p r ey t h a t :
A . h ave a h a r d o u t e r s h e l l .
B . a t t a c k w i t h a l e t h a l b i t e
C . t r ave l a n d a t t a c k i n g r o u p s
D. m ove q u i c k l y.
3 4 . T h e p a s s a g e m a k e s c l e a r t h a t t h e m a i n s o u r c e o f t h e
s p e e d o f t h e j aw s o f t h e t r a p - j aw a n t i s t h e :
F. e a s e o f m ove m e n t o f t h e h i n g e o f t h e j aw
G . c o n t i n u o u s , s t e a d y fi r i n g o f t h e j aw ’s m a n d i b l e s
H . l i g h t w e i g h t o f t h e j aw i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e a n t ’s b o d y w e i g h t
J. r e l e a s e o f e n e rg y s t o r e d b y m u s c l e s o f t h e j aw.
3 5 . T h e a u t h o r u s e s t h e a n a l o g y o f t r y i n g t o g r a b p o p c o r n a s i t p o p s i n o r d e r t o d e s c r i b e t h e t r a p - j aw a n t s ’ a b i l i t y
t o :
A . g e n e r a t e h e a t w i t h t h e i r j aw m ove m e n t s
B . m ove t o h i g h g r o u n d i n o r d e r t o a t t a c k p r ey.
C . a t t a c k i n t r u d e r s b y t o s s i n g t h e m o u t o f t h e n e s t
D. bounce around frantically when intruders approach
3 6 . O n e m a i n p u r p o s e o f t h e l a s t p a r a g r a p h i s t o s u g g e s t t h a t u n l i k e t h e i r b o u n c e r - d e f e n s e j u m p , t h e t r a p - j a w
a n t s ’ e s c a p e j u m p m a y h ave a r i s e n t h r o u g h :
F. t h e a n t s ’ t r y i n g a n d fa i l i n g t o b i t e i n t r u d e r s
G . a c h a n g e i n t h e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e m a n d i b l e s o f s ev -
e r a l l i n e a g e s o f a n t s
H . a n a c c i d e n t a l b e h av i o r o f t h e a n t s
J. t h e a n t s ’ e x p e r i e n c i n g a p o s i t i v e o u t c o m e w h e n
t h ey wo u l d a t t a c k i n a l a rg e g r o u p
3 7 . A s it i s u s e d i n l i n e 3 1 , t h e wo r d d o m a i n m o s t n e a r l y
m e a n s :
A . l iv i n g s p a c e .
B . a r e a o f ex p e r t i s e .
C . t a x o n o m i c c a t eg o r y
D. l o c a l j u r i s d i c t i o n .
3 8 . T h e p a s s a g e p o i n t s t o w h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g a s a c h a r -
a c t e r i s t i c o f t r a p - j aw a n t s ’ m a n d i b l e s t h a t p r eve n t s t h e
a n t s f r o m h a r m i n g t h e m s e l v e s w i t h t h e i r p o w e r f u l b i t e ?
F. A h i n g e p r e v e n t s t h e m a n d i b l e s f r o m s n a p p i n g
t o g e t h e r f o r c e f u l l y
G . M a n d i b l e s w i t h c u s h i o n e d i n n e r e d ge s p r o v i d e a
bu ff e r w h e n t h e m a n d i b l e s s n a p s h u t
H . A l a t c h m e c h a n i s m p r ev e n t s t h e m a n d i b l e s f r o m
c l o s i n g c o m p l e t e l y.
J. T h e m a n d i b l e s b e g i n t o d e c e l e r a t e b e f o r e t h e y m e e t
3 9 . A s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e p a s s a g e , o n e b e n e fi t o f t h e t r a p -
j aw a n t ’s e s c a p e j u m p i s t h a t i t a l l ow s a n a n t t o :
A . l a n d i n p o s i t i o n t o l a u n c h a n e w a t t a c k o n a
p r e d a t o r
B . c o n f u s e a p r e d a t o r w i t h a q u i c k , s u d d e n s t i n g .
C . s i g n a l t o o t h e r a n t s us i n g a p r e d i c t a b l e m ove m e n t
D. p o i n t i t s e l f i n w h i c h e v e r d i r e c t i o n i t c h o o s e s t o e s c a p e .
4 0 . W h e n a t r a p - j a w a n t u s e s t h e b o u n c e r - d e f e n s e j u m p
e ff e c t iv e l y o n a n i n t r u d e r, w h i c h c r e a t u r e ( s ) , i f a n y,
w i l l b e p r o p e l l e d e i t h e r o u t o f t h e n e s t o r i n a n o t h e r
d i r e c t i o n ?
F. T h e i n t r u d e r o n l y
G . T h e a t t a c k i n g a n t o n l y
H . T h e a t t a c k i n g a n t a n d t h e i n t r u d e r
J. N e i t h e r t h e a t t a c k i n g a n t n o r t h e i n t r u d e r
END OF TEST 3
STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO.
DO NOT RETURN TO A PREVIOUS TEST.
35 Minutes 40 Questions
DIRECTIONS: There are several passages in this test E a c h p a s s a g
a n s w e r d o c u m e n t . Y o u m a y r e f e r t o t h e p a s s a g e s a s often as necessary.
You are NOT permitted to use a calculator on this test
Pa s s a g e I
R e s e a r c h e r s s t u d i e d h ow d i e t a n d t h e a b i l i t y t o s m e l l
f o o d c a n a ff e c t t h e l i f e s p a n o f n o r m a l f r u i t f l i e s ( S t r a i n N )
a n d f r u i t f l i e s u n a b l e t o d e t e c t m a ny o d o r s ( S t r a i n X ) .
S t u d y 1
T h r e e t u b e s ( Tu b e s 1 3 ) , e a c h w i t h 1 5 % s u g a r y e a s t
( S Y ) m e d i u m ( a d i e t w i t h 1 5 % s u g a r a n d 1 5 % k i l l e d y e a s t ) ,
w e r e p r e p a r e d . T h e n , 2 0 0 v i rg i n f e m a l e S t r a i n N f r u i t f l i e s
l e s s t h a n 2 4 h r o l d w e r e a d d e d t o e a c h t u b e N o a d d i ti o n a l
s u b s t a n c e w a s a d d e d t o Tu b e 1 A d d i t i o n a l o d o r s f r o m l ive
y e a s t w e r e a d d e d t o Tu b e 2 , a n d l iv e y e a s t w a s a d d e d t o
Tu b e 3 T h e p e r c e n t o f f r u i t f l i e s a l i v e w a s d e t e r m i n e d
eve r y 5 d a y s f o r 7 5 d a y s ( s e e F i g u r e 1 ) .
Key
15% SY medium
15% SY medium + additional odors from live yeast
15% SY medium + live yeast
F i g u r e 1
S t u d y 2
T h r e e t u b e s ( Tu b e s 4 6 ) , e a c h w i t h 5 % S Y m e d i u m ( a
d i e t w i t h 5 % s u g a r a n d 5 % k i l l e d y e a s t ) , w e r e p r e p a r e d
T h e n , 2 0 0 v i rg i n f e m a l e S t r a i n N f r u i t f l i e s l e s s t h a n 2 4 h r
o l d w e r e a d d e d t o e a c h t u b e . N o a d d i t i o n a l s u b s t a n c e w a s
a d d e d t o Tu b e 4 A d d i t i o n a l o d o r s f r o m l i v e y e a s t w e r e
a d d e d t o Tu b e 5 , a n d l ive y e a s t w a s a d d e d t o Tu b e 6 . T h e
p e r c e n t o f f r u i t f l i e s a l ive w a s d e t e r m i n e d eve r y 5 d a y s f o r
7 5 d a y s ( s e e F i g u r e 2 ) F i g u r e 2
Key
5% SY medium
5% SY medium + additional odors from live yeast 5% SY medium + live yeast
S t u d y 3
S t r a i n N f r u i t f l i e s w e r e m o d i fi e d t o p r o d u c e S t r a i n X
f r u i t f l i e s S t r a i n X f r u i t f l i e s l a c k O r 8 3 b ( a p r o t e i n
r e q u i r e d t o d e t e c t a w i d e r a n g e o f o d o r s ) ; t h e r e f o r e , t h ey
c a n n o t d e t e c t m a ny o d o r s T h e ave r a g e l i f e s p a n w a s d e t e r -
m i n e d f o r v i r g i n f e m a l e S t r a i n N a n d v i r g i n f e m a l e
S t r a i n X f r u i t f l i e s f e d w i t h v a r i o u s S Y m e d i a ( s e e
Ta b l e 1 )
Ta b l e 1
S Y m e d i u m
S t r a i n
S t r a i n N
S t r a i n X
Ave r a g e
( d a y s ) % s u g a r % k i l l e d y e a s t
l i f e s p a n
0 3 0 , 0 3 0 , 5 0 1
0 5 0 , 0 5 0 , 5 0 . 1
0 7 5 0 7 5 4 3 9
1 0 0 , 1 0 0 , 4 4 8
1 5 0 , 1 5 0 , 4 1 . 6
0 3 0 , 0 3 0 , 6 1 . 6
0 5 0 , 0 5 0 , 6 2 5
0 7 5 0 7 5 5 8 9
1 0 0 , 1 0 0 , 5 8 . 6
1 5 0 , 1 5 0 , 5 5 6
Ta bl e a n d fi g u re s a d a p te d f ro m S e rg i y L i b e r t e t a l , “ Re g u l a t i o n o f
D ro s o p h i l a L i fe S p a n by O l fa c t i o n a n d Fo o d - D e r i ve d O d o rs ” © 2 0 0 7
by t h e A m e r i c a n A s s o c i a t i o n fo r t h e Ad va n c e m e n t o f S c i e n c e
3 . S t u d y 1 d i ff e r e d f ro m S t u d y 2 i n w h i c h o f t h e f o l l owi n g w a y s ?
A . F e m a l e f r u i t f l i e s w e r e t e s t e d i n S t u d y 1 , w h e r e a s
m a l e f r u i t f l i e s w e r e t e s t e d i n S t u d y 2 .
B . M a l e f r u i t f l i e s w e r e t e s t e d i n S t u d y 1 , w h e r e a s
f e m a l e f r u i t f l i e s w e r e t e s t e d i n S t u d y 2
C . T h e S Y m e d i u m t e s t e d i n S t u d y 1 c o n t a i n e d a
l o w e r p e r c e n t o f s u g a r t h a n d i d t h e S Y m e d i u m
t e s t e d i n S t u d y 2 .
D. T h e S Y m e d i u m t e s t e d i n S t u d y 1 c o n t a i n e d a
h i g h e r p e r c e n t o f s ug a r t h a n d i d t h e S Y m e d i u m
t e s t e d i n S t u d y 2 .
4 . S u p p o s e t h a t a n a d d i t i o n a l t r i a l i n S t u d y 3 h a d b e e n
p e r f o r m e d u s i n g a 1 2 % S Y m e d i u m ( a d i e t w i t h
1 2 % s u g a r a n d 1 2 % k i l l e d y e a s t ) T h e a v e r a g e l i f e
s p a n o f t h e S t r a i n X f r u i t f l i e s i n t h i s t r i a l w o u l d m o s t
l i k e l y h ave b e e n :
F. l e s s t h a n 5 5 6 d a y s
G . b e t w e e n 5 5 . 6 d a y s a n d 5 8 . 6 d a y s .
H . b e t w e e n 5 8 6 d a y s a n d 6 1 6 d a y s
J. g r e a t e r t h a n 6 1 6 d a y s
5 . T h e r e s e a r c h e r s h a d p r e d i c t e d t h a t d e c r e a s i n g a f r u i t
f l y ’s a b i l i t y t o d e t e c t o d o r s w o u l d i n c r e a s e i t s l i f e
s p a n A r e t h e r e s u l t s o f S t u d y 3 c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h i s
p r e d i c t i o n ?
A . N o ; f o r e a c h S Y m e d i u m t e s t e d , t h e av e r a g e l i f e
s p a n o f S t r a i n X f r u i t f l i e s w a s l o n g e r t h a n t h e
ave r a g e l i f e s p a n o f S t r a i n N f r u i t f l i e s
B . N o ; f o r e a c h S Y m e d i u m t e s t e d , t h e av e r a g e l i f e
s p a n o f S t r a i n N f r u i t f l i e s w a s l o n g e r t h a n t h e
ave r a g e l i f e s p a n o f S t r a i n X f r u i t f l i e s
C . Ye s ; f o r e a c h S Y m e d i u m t e s t e d , t h e ave r a g e l i f e
s p a n o f S t r a i n X f r u i t f l i e s w a s l o n g e r t h a n t h e
ave r a g e l i f e s p a n o f S t r a i n N f r u i t f l i e s .
D. Ye s ; f o r e a c h S Y m e d i u m t e s t e d , t h e ave r a g e l i f e
s p a n o f S t r a i n N f r u i t f l i e s w a s l o n g e r t h a n t h e
ave r a g e l i f e s p a n o f S t r a i n X f r u i t f l i e s .
6 . S u p p o s e t h e r e s e a r c h e r s w a n t e d t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r a
1 . I n w h i c h o f S t u d i e s 1 a n d 2 d i d s o m e o f t h e f r u i t f l i e s
l ive f o r m o r e t h a n 7 5 d a y s , a n d w h a t d i e t w e r e t h o s e
f r u i t f l i e s f e d ?
A . S t u d y 1 ; 0 5 % S Y m e d i u m
B . S t u d y 1 ; 1 5 % S Y m e d i u m
C . S t u d y 2 ; 0 5 % S Y m e d i u m
D. S t u d y 2 ; 1 5 % S Y m e d i u m
2 . D u r i n g S t u d i e s 1 a n d 2 , w h y d i d t h e s i z e o f t h e f r u it f l y
p o p u l a t i o n i n e a c h t u b e d e c r e a s e r a t h e r t h a n i n c r e a s e ?
F. T h e b i r t h r a t e w a s 0 , b e c a u s e t h e i n i t i a l p o p u l a t i o n
c o n t a i n e d o n l y m a l e s .
G . T h e b i r t h r a t e w a s 0 , b e c a u s e t h e i n i t i a l p o p u l a t i o n
c o n t a i n e d o n l y v i rg i n f e m a l e s .
H . T h e d e a t h r a t e w a s 0 , b e c a u s e t h e i n i t i a l p o p u l a -
t i o n c o n t a i n e d o n l y m a l e s
J. T h e d e a t h r a t e w a s 0 , b e c a u s e t h e i n i t i a l p o p u l a -
t i o n c o n t a i n e d o n l y v i rg i n f e m a l e s
d e f e c t i n t h e a b i l i t y t o d e t e c t o d o r s w o u l d c h a n g e t h e
l i f e s p a n o f f r u i t f l i e s f e d 1 5 % S Y m e d i u m w h e n l ive
y e a s t i s a d d e d t o t h e d i e t o r w h e n a d d i t i o n a l o d o r s f r o m l ive y e a s t a r e a d d e d t o t h e d i e t W h i c h o f t h e f o l -
l ow i n g ex p e r i m e n t s s h o u l d b e p e r f o r m e d ?
F.
R e p e a t S t u d y 1 ex c e p t w i t h S t r a i n X f r u i t f l i e s
G . R e p e a t S t u d y 1 ex c e p t w i t h S t r a i n N f r u i t f l i e s
H . R e p e a t S t u d y 2 ex c e p t w i t h S t r a i n X f r u i t f l i e s
J. R e p e a t S t u d y 2 ex c e p t w i t h S t r a i n N f r u it f l i e s
7 . T h e r e s u l t s f o r w h i c h 2 t u b e s s h o u l d b e c o m p a r e d t o
d e t e r m i n e h ow a r e d u c e d c a l o r i e d i e t a ff e c t s l i f e s p a n
i n t h e a b s e n c e o f l ive y e a s t a n d a d d i t i o n a l o d o r s f r o m
l ive y e a s t ?
A . Tu b e 1 a n d Tu b e 4
B . Tu b e 1 a n d Tu b e 2
C . Tu b e 2 a n d Tu b e 5
D. Tu b e 5 a n d Tu b e 6
Pa s s a g e I I
I n t h e f a l l , m o n a r c h bu t t e r f l i e s ( D a n a u s p l ex i p p u s ) i n
e a s t e r n N o r t h A m e r i c a m i g r a t e t o M e x i c o , w h e r e t h e y
ove
r w i n t e r i n h i g h - a l t i t u d e f o r e s t s o f o y a m e l fi r ( a n eve r -
g r e e n c o n i f e r ) . T h e b u t t e r f l i e s s t o r e ( a c c u m u l a t e ) b o d y
l i p i d s t o u s e a s a s o u r c e o f e n e rg y a t a l a t e r t i m e C o n s i d e r
t h e f o l l ow i n g 3 h y p o t h e s e s p e r t a i n i n g t o w h e n t h e bu t t e r -
f l i e s s t o r e l i p i d s a n d w h e n t h e e n e rg y f r o m t h e s t o r e d l i p i d s
i s u s e d , w i t h r e s p e c t t o m i g r a t i o n a n d ove r w i n t e r i n g
H y p o t h e s i s 1
M o n a r c h bu t t e r f l i e s r e q u i r e e n e rg y f r o m s t o r e d l i p i d s
f o r m i g r a t i o n a n d d u r i n g t h e o v e r w i n t e r i n g p e r i o d T h e
bu t t e r f l i e s fi r s t s t o r e l i p i d s b e f o r e t h ey b eg i n t h e i r m i g r a -
t i o n D u r i n g m i g r a t i o n , a s s t o r e d l i p i d s a r e c o nv e r t e d t o
e n e rg y, l i p i d m a s s c o n t i n u o u s l y d e c r e a s e s . W h e n t h e bu t -
t e r f l i e s r e a c h t h e o v e r w i n t e r i n g s i t e s , e n d i n g t h e i r m i g r a -
t i o n , t h e y m u s t s t o r e l i p i d s a g a i n b e f o r e b e g i n n i n g t h e
ove r w i n t e r i n g p e r i o d .
H y p o t h e s i s 2
M o n a r c h bu t t e r f l i e s r e q u i r e e n e rg y f r o m s t o r e d l i p i d s
f o r m i g r a t i o n bu t n o t d u r i n g t h e ove r w i n t e r i n g p e r i o d T h e
b u t t e r f l i e s s t o r e l i p i d s b e f o r e t h e y b e g i n t h e i r m i g r a t i o n .
D u r i n g m i g r a t i o n , a s s t o r e d l i p i d s a r e c o nve r t e d t o e n e rg y,
l i p i d m a s s c o n t i n u o u s l y d e c r e a s e s B e c a u s e e n e r g y f r o m
s t o r e d l i p i d s i s n o t r e q u i r e d d u r i n g t h e o v e r w i n t e r i n g
p e r i o d , t h e bu t t e r f l i e s d o n o t s t o r e l i p i d s w h i l e a t t h e ove r -
w i n t e r i n g s i t e s
H y p o t h e s i s 3
M o n a r c h bu t t e r f l i e s r e q u i r e e n e rg y f r o m s t o r e d l i p i d s
d u r i n g t h e ove r w i n t e r i n g p e r i o d bu t n o t f o r m i g r a t i o n . T h e
bu t t e r f l i e s d o n o t s t o r e l i p i d s b e f o r e t h ey b eg i n t h e i r m i g r a -
t i o n . I n s t e a d , l i p i d s a r e s t o r e d d u r i n g m i g r a t i o n ; t h e r e f o r e ,
l i p i d m a s s c o n t i n u o u s l y i n c r e a s e s f r o m t h e b e g i n n i n g o f
m i g r a t i o n u n t i l t h e e n d o f m i g r a t i o n T h e bu t t e r f l i e s a r r ive
a t t h e o v e r w i n t e r i n g s i t e s w i t h e n o u g h l i p i d s t o p r o v i d e
t h e m s e l ve s w i t h e n e rg y d u r i n g t h e ove r w i n t e r i n g p e r i o d , s o
t h ey d o n o t s t o r e l i p i d s w h i l e a t t h e ove r w i n t e r i n g s i t e s
8 . W h i c h h y p o t h e s i s , i f a ny, a s s e r t s t h a t m o n a r c h bu t t e rf l i e s s t o r e l i p i d s d u r i n g 2 d i s t i n c t p e r i o d s ?
F. H y p o t h e s i s 1
G . H y p o t h e s i s 2
H . H y p o t h e s i s 3
J. N o n e o f t h e h y p o t h e s e s
9 . W h i c h h y p o t h e s i s , i f a ny, a s s e r t s t h a t m o n a r c h bu t t e r -
f l i e s r e q u i r e e n e r g y f r o m s t o r e d l i p i d s n e i t h e r f o r
m i g r a t i o n n o r d u r i n g t h e ove r w i n t e r i n g p e r i o d ?
A . H y p o t h e s i s 1
B . H y p o t h e s i s 2
C . H y p o t h e s i s 3
D. N o n e o f t h e h y p o t h e s e s
1 0 . B a s e d o n H y p o t h e s i s 3 , w h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g fi g u r e s
b e s t d e p i c t s t h e c h a n g e i n t h e l i p i d m a s s o f a m o n a r c h
bu t t e r f l y f r o m t h e b eg i n n i n g o f m i g r a t i o n t o t h e e n d o f
mi g r a t i o n ?
( N o t e : I n e a c h f i g u r e , B r e p r e s e n t s t h e b e g i n n i n g o f
m i g r a t i o n a n d E r e p r e s e n t s t h e e n d o f m i g r a t i o n )
l i p i d m a s s time B E
l i p i d m a s s time B E
l i p i d m a s s time B E
l i p i d m a s s time B E
1 1 . A s s u m e t h a t c h a n g e s i n t h e b o d y m a s s o f a m o n a r c h
bu t t e r f l y a r e c a u s e d o n l y b y c h a n g e s i n t h e m a s s o f t h e
bu t t e r f l y ’s s t o r e d l i p i d s T h e s t a t e m e n t “ T h e p e r c e n t o f
a m o n a r c h b u t t e r f l y ’s b o d y m a s s t h a t i s m a d e u p o f
l i p i d s i s g r e a t e r a t t h e b eg i n n i n g o f m i g r a t i o n t h a n a t
t h e e n d o f m i g r a t i o n ” i s s u p p o r t e d b y w h i c h o f t h e
h y p o t h e s e s ?
A . H y p o t h e s i s 1 o n l y
B . H y p o t h e s i s 2 o n l y
C . H y p o t h e s e s 1 a n d 2 o n l y
D. H y p o t he s e s 1 , 2 , a n d 3
1 2 . To s t o r e l i p i d s , m o n a r c h bu t t e r f l i e s c o nve r t s u g a r f r o m
n e c t a r t h ey h ave c o n s u m e d i n t o l i p i d s A s u p p o r t e r o f
w h i c h h y p o t h e s i s , i f a ny, w o u l d b e l i k e l y t o c l a i m t h a t
t o e n s u r e t h e bu t t e r f l i e s c a n s t o r e l i p i d s f o r t h e ove r -
w i n t e r i n g p e r i o d , n e c t a r m u s t b e p r e s e n t a t t h e bu t t e r -
f l i e s ’ ove r w i n t e r i n g s i t e s ?
F. H y p o t h e s i s 1
G . H y p o t h e s i s 2
H . H y p o t h e s i s 3
J. N o n e o f t h e h y p o t h e s e s
1 3 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s a b o u t l i p i d s i n
m o n a r c h bu t t e r f l i e s i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h a l l 3 h y p o t h e s e s ?
A . T h e bu t t e r f l i e s ’ l i p i d m a s s e s d o n o t c h a n g e d u r i n g
t h e ove r w i n t e r i n g p e r i o d .
B . T h e b u t t e r f l i e s ’ l i p i d m a s s e s c h a n g e d u r i n g
m i g r a t i o n
C . T h e b u t t e r f l i e s u s e e n e r g y f r o m s t o r e d l i p i d s
d u r i n g t h e ove r w i n t e r i n g p e r i o d
D. T h e b u t t e r f l i e s u s e e n e r g y f r o m s t o r e d l i p i d s f o r
m i g r a t i o n
1 4 . W h e n t h e m o n a r c h bu t t e r f l i e s u s e t h e i r s t o r e d l i p i d s ,
t h e l i p i d s m u s t b e b r o k e n d ow n t o p r o d u c e e n e rg y - r i c h
m o l e c u l e s t h a t c a n b e r e a d i l y u s e d b y c e l l s W h i c h o f
t h e f o l l ow i n g m o l e c u l e s i s p r o d u c e d a s a d i r e c t r e s u l t
o f t h e b r e a k d ow n o f t h e l i p i d s ?
F. AT P
G . S t a r c h
H . D NA
J. A m i n o a c i d s
Pa s s a g e I I I
G
r e e n h o u s e g a s e s s u c h a s m e t h a n e ( C H 4 ) w a r m
E a r t h ’s
c l i m a t e . F i g u r e 1 s h ow s t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f C H4
i n E a r t h ’s a t m o s p h e r e a n d t h e s o l a r r a d i a t i o n i n t e n s i t y a t
E a r t h ’s s u r f a c e f o r t r o p i c a l E u r o p e a n d A s i a ove r t h e p a s t
2 5 0 , 0 0 0 y e a r s A s t h e fi g u r e s h ow s , t h e C H 4 c o n c e n t r a t i o n
a n d t h e s o l a r r a d i a t i o n i n t e n s i t y h a v e i n c r e a s e d a n d
d e c r e a s e d a t t h e s a m e t i m e s o v e r m o s t o f t h i s p e r i o d .
F i g u r e 2 s h ow s t h e s a m e t y p e s o f d a t a f o r t h e s a m e r eg i o n
o v e r t h e p a s t 1 1 , 0 0 0 y e a r s T h i s fi g u r e i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h
t h e h y p o t h e s i s t h a t t h e g r e e n h o u s e g a s e s f r o m h u m a n
a c t iv i t i e s m a y h av e b e g u n w a r m i n g E a r t h ’s c l i m a t e t h o u -
s a n d s o f y e a r s e a r l i e r t h a n o n c e t h o u g h t .
s o l a r r a d i a t i o n i n t e n s i t y ( w a t t s / m 2 )
250200150100 50 0 (present) solar radiation CH4 concentration
*ppb = parts per billion
c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f C H 4 i n E a r t h ’s a t m o s p h e r e ( p p b * )
thousands of years ago
F i g u r e 1
15. According to Figure2, the solar radiation intensity 8,000 years ago was closest to which of the following?
A. 490 watts/m 2
B. 495 watts/m 2
C. 500 watts/m 2
D. 505 watts/m 2
16. According to Figure2, if the trend in the CH 4 concentration had continued to match the trend in the solar radiation intensity, the CH 4 concentration at present would most likely be:
F. less than 550 ppb.
G. between 550 ppb and 600 ppb.
H. between 600 ppb and 650 ppb.
J. greater than 650 ppb.
17. Suppose that whenever the CH 4 concentration increases, a corresponding, immediate increase in average global temperature occurs, and that whenever the CH 4 concentration decreases, a corresponding, immediate decrease in average global temperature occurs. Based on Figure2, which of the following graphs best represents a plot of average global temperature over the past 11,000 years?
18. Based on Figure 1, the average solar radiation intensity over the past 250,000 years was closest to which of the following?
F. 400 watts/m 2
G. 440 watts/m 2
H. 480 watts/m 2
J. 520 watts/m 2
19. One solar radiation cycle is the time between a maximum in the solar radiation intensity and the next maximum in the solar radiation intensity. According to Figure1, the average length of a solar radiation cycle during the past 250,000 years was:
A. less than 15,000 years.
B. between 15,000 years and 35,000 years.
C. between 35,000 years and 55,000 years.
D. greater than 55,000 years.
20. Which of the following statements best describes the primary effect of CH 4 on Earth’s climate?
F. CH 4 gives off visible light to space, cooling Earth’s climate.
G. CH 4 gives off ultraviolet radiation to space, warming Earth’s climate.
H. CH 4 absorbs heat as it enters Earth’s atmosphere from space, cooling Earth’s climate.
J. CH 4 absorbs heat that comes up from Earth’s surface, warming Earth’s climate.
Pa s s a g e I V
I n 2 ex p e r i m e n t s , a s t u d e n t p u l l e d e a c h o f 3 b l o c k s i n
a s t r a i g h t l i n e a c r o s s a f l a t , h o r i z o n t a l s u r f a c e .
I n E x p e r i m e n t 1 , t h e s t u d e n t m e a s u r e d t h e p u l l i n g
f o rc e ( t h e f o r c e r e q u i r e d t o m ove e a c h b l o c k a t a c o n s t a n t
s p e e d ) a n d p l o t t e d t h e p u l l i n g f o r c e , i n n ew t o n s ( N ) , ve r s u s
b l o c k m a s s , i n k i l o g r a m s ( k g ) . T h e r e s u l t s a r e s h o w n i n
F i g u r e 1
p u l l i n g
2 1 . I f a b l o c k w a s p u l l e d t o w a r d t h e e a s t , t h e f r i c t i o n a l
f o r c e exe r t e d o n t h e b l o c k b y t h e s u r f a c e w a s d i r e c t e d
t ow a r d t h e :
A . n o r t h .
B . s o u t h
C . e a s t
D. w e s t .
F i g u r e 1
I n E x p e r i m e n t 2 , t h e s t u d e n t m e a s u r e d t h e s p e e d
v e r s u s t i m e o f a 2 0 0 k g b l o c k , a 2 5 0 k g b l o c k , a n d a
3 . 0 0 k g b l o c k a s e a c h b l o c k w a s p u l l e d a c r o s s t h e s u r f a c e
w i t h a c o n s t a n t 3 0 N f o r c e T h e r e s u l t s a r e s h o w n i n
F i g u r e 2
s p e e d ( m / s e c ) 3.00 kg 2.00 kg
f o r c e ( N ) 0.00 10.00 5.00 35.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 15.00 0.00 time (sec) 1.00 2.003.00 2.50 kg 4.00
F i g u r e 2
2 2 . B a s e d o n F i g u r e 2 , w h a t i s t h e o r d e r o f t h e 3 b l o c k s ,
f r o m t h e b l o c k t h a t r e q u i r e d t h e s h o r t e s t t i m e t o r e a c h
1 5 m / s e c t o t h e b l o c k t h a t r e q u i r e d t h e l o n g e s t t i m e t o
r e a c h 1 5 m / s e c ?
F. 2 0 0 k g b l o c k , 2 5 0 k g b l o c k , 3 0 0 k g b l o c k
G . 2 0 0 k g b l o c k , 3 0 0 k g b l o c k , 2 5 0 k g b l o c k
H . 3 . 0 0 k g b l o c k , 2 . 0 0 k g b l o c k , 2 . 5 0 k g b l o c k
J. 3 0 0 k g b l o c k , 2 5 0 k g b l o c k , 2 0 0 k g b l o c k
2 3 . B a s e d o n F i g u r e 2 , w h a t w a s t h e a p p r o x i m a t e va l u e o f
t h e a c c e l e r a t i o n o f t h e 3 . 0 0 k g b l o c k ?
A . 0 0 0 m / s e c 2
B . 0 5 . 0 m / s e c 2
C . 1 5 0 m / s e c 2
D. 2 0 0 m / s e c 2
J. P u l l i n g f o r c e ( N ) = 5 . 0 × b l o c k m a s s ( k g ) 0.00 10.00 5.00 20.00 25.00 15.00 0.00 block mass (kg) 1.00 1.50 2.50 3.50 0.50 2.00 3.00 4.50 4.00
2 4 . B a s e d o n F i g u r e 1 , t h e r e s u l t s o f E x p e r i m e n t 1 a r e b e s t m o d e l e d b y w h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g e q u a t i o n s ?
F. B l o c k s p e e d ( m / s e c ) = 0 2 × t i m e ( s e c )
G . B l o c k s p e e d ( m / s e c ) = 5 . 0 × t i m e ( s e c )
H . P u l l i n g f o r c e ( N ) = 0 2 × b l o c k m a s s ( k g )
2 5 . A t e a c h o f t h e t i m e s p l o t t e d i n F i g u r e 2 ( e x c e p t
0 0 0 s e c ) , a s b l o c k m a s s i n c r e a s e d , b l o c k s p e e d :
A . i n c r e a s e d o n l y
B . d e c r e a s e d o n l y.
C . va r i e d , bu t w i t h n o g e n e r a l t r e n d
D. r e m a i n e d t h e s a m e
2 6 . B a s e d o n F i g u r e 1 , a n a p p l i e d f o r c e o f 3 0 . 0 0 N w o u l d m o s t l i k e l y h ave b e e n r e q u i r e d t o m a i n t a i n t h e c o n s t a n t
s p e e d o f a b l o c k h av i n g a m a s s o f :
F. 4 . 0 0 k g .
G . 5 0 0 k g
H . 6 0 0 k g
J. 7 . 0 0 k g .
Pa s s a g e V
A t y p i c a l a c i d - b a s e i n d i c a t o r i s a c o m p o u n d t h a t w i l l
b e o n e
c o l o r o v e r a c e r t a i n l ow e r p H r a n g e bu t w i l l b e a
d i ff e r e n t c o l o r ove r a c e r t a i n h i g h e r p H r a n g e I n t h e s m a l l
r a n g e b e t w e e n t h e s e p H r a n g e s t h e t ra n s i t i o n ra n g e t h e
i n d i c a t o r ’s c o l o r w i l l b e a n i n t e r m e d i a t e o f i t s o t h e r
2 c o l o r s
S t u d e n t s s t u d i e d 5 a c i d - b a s e i n d i c a t o r s u s i n g c o l o r l e s s
a q u e o u s s o l u t i o n s o f d i ff e r e n t p H a n d a w e l l p l a t e ( a p l a t e
c o n t a i n i n g a m a t r i x o f r o u n d d e p r e s s i o n s w e l l s t h a t c a n
h o l d s m a l l vo l u m e s o f l i q u i d )
E x p e r i m e n t 1
T h e s t u d e n t s a d d e d a p H = 0 s o l u t i o n t o 5 w e l l s i n t h e
fi r s t c o l u m n o f t h e w e l l p l a t e , t h e n a d d e d a p H = 1 s o l u t i o n
t o t h e 5 w e l l s i n t h e n ex t c o l u m n , a n d s o o n , u p t o p H = 7
N ex t , t h ey a d d e d a d r o p o f a g ive n i n d i c a t o r ( i n s o l u t i o n ) t o
e a c h o f t h e w e l l s i n a r ow, a n d t h e n r e p e a t e d t h i s p r o c e s s ,
a d d i n g a d i ff e r e n t i n d i c a t o r t o e a c h r ow. T h e c o l o r o f t h e
r e s u l t i n g s o l u t i o n i n e a c h w e l l w a s t h e n r e c o r d e d i n Ta b l e 1
( B = b l u e , G = g r e e n , O = o r a n g e , P = p u r p l e , R = r e d ,
Y = y e l l ow ) .
I n d i c a t o r
Ta b l e 1
C o l o r i n s o l u t i o n w i t h a p H o f :
01234567
M e t a n i l y e l l ow RROYYYYY
R e s o r c i n b l u e RRRRRPPB
C u r c u m i n YYYYYYYY
H e s s i a n b o r d e a u x BBBBBBBB
I n d i g o c a r m i n e BBBBBBBB
E x p e r i m e n t 2
E x p e r i m e n t 1 w a s r e p e a t e d w i t h s o l u t i o n s t h a t h a d a
p H o f 8 o r g r e a t e r ( s e e Ta b l e 2 )
Ta b l e 2
C o l o r i n s o l u t i o n w i t h a p H o f :
I n d i c a t o r
89 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4
M e t a n i l y e l l ow YYYYYYY
R e s o r c i n b l u e BBBBBBB
C u r c u m i n ORRRRRR
H e s s i a n b o r d e a u x BRRRRRR
I n d i g o c a r m i n e BBBBGYY
E x p e r i m e n t 3
S t u d e n t s w e r e g i v e n 4 s o l u t i o n s ( S o l u t i o n s I I V ) o f
u n k n ow n p H T h e w e l l p l a t e w a s u s e d t o t e s t s a m p l e s o f
e a c h s o l u t i o n w i t h 4 o f t h e 5 i n d i c a t o r s ( s e e Ta b l e 3 )
Ta b l e 3
C o l o r i n S o l u t i o n :
I n d i c a t o r
I I I I I I I V
M e t a n i l y e l l ow YYYO
R e s o r c i n b l u e BBRR
C u r c u m i n RRYY
I n d i g o c a r m i n e BYBB
Ta bl e s a d a p te d f ro m Da v i d R L i d e, e d , C RC H a n d b o o k o f C h e m -
i s t ry a n d P hys i c s , 7 8 t h e d © 19 9 7 by C R C Pre s s L L C
2 7 . O n e w a y E x p e r i m e n t 2 d i f f e r e d f r o m E x p e r i m e n t 3
w a s t h a t i n E x p e r i m e n t 2 :
A . t h e s o l u t i o n s t o w h i c h i n d i c a t o r s w e r e a d d e d w e r e
o f k n ow n p H .
B . t h e s o l u t i o n s t o w h i c h i n d i c a t o r s w e r e a d d e d w e r e
o f u n k n ow n p H
C . m e t a n i l y e l l ow w a s u s e d .
D. m e t a n i l y e l l ow w a s n o t u s e d
2 8 . B a s e d o n t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e w e l l p l a t e a n d h ow i t
w a s u s e d , t h e e m p t y w e l l p l a t e w o u l d m o s t l i k e l y h ave
b e e n w h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g c o l o r s?
F. B l a c k
G . B l u e
H . R e d
J. W h i t e
2 9 . B a s e d o n t h e r e s u l t s o f E x p e r i m e n t s 1 a n d 2 , w h i c h o f
t h e f o l l o w i n g i s a p o s s i b l e t r a n s i t i o n r a n g e f o r
c u r c u m i n ?
A . p H = 3 9 t o p H = 7 3
B . p H = 4 2 t o p H = 6 6
C . p H = 7 . 4 t o p H = 8 . 6
D. p H = 8 4 t o p H = 9 5
3 0 . A c h e m i s t h a s 2 s o l u t i o n s , o n e o f p H = 1 a n d o n e o f
p H = 6 B a s e d o n t h e r e s u l t s o f E x p e r i m e n t s 1 a n d 2 ,
c o u l d i n d i g o c a r m i n e b e u s e d t o d i s t i n g u i s h b e t w e e n
t h e s e s o l u t i o n s ?
F. N o ; i n d i g o c a r m i n e i s b l u e a t b o t h p H = 1 a n d p H = 6 .
G . N o ; i n d i g o c a r m i n e i s b l u e a t p H = 1 a n d i s y e l l ow
a t p H = 6
H . Ye s ; i n d i g o c a r m i n e i s b l u e a t b o t h p H = 1 a n d
p H = 6
J. Ye s ; i n d i g o c a r m i n e i s b l u e a t p H = 1 a n d i s y e l l ow
a t p H = 6
3 1 . T h e i n d i c a t o r p ro p y l r e d h a s a t r a n s i t i o n r a n g e o f
p H = 4 6 t o p H = 6 8 I f p r o p y l r e d h a d b e e n i n c l u d e d
i n E x p e r i m e n t s 1 a n d 2 , i t w o u l d h ave p r o d u c e d r e s u l t s
m o s t s i m i l a r t o t h o s e p r o d u c e d b y w h i c h o f t h e
5 i n d i c a t o r s ?
A . M e t a n i l y e l l ow
B . R e s o r c i n b l u e
C . C u r c u m i n
D. I n d i g o c a r m i n e
3 2 . A s t u d e n t c l a i m e d t h a t S o l u t i o n I I I h a s a p H o f 7 3
A r e t h e r e s u l t s o f E x p e r i m e n t s 1 3 c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h i s c l a i m ?
F. N o , b e c a u s e i n S o l u t i o n I I I m e t a n i l y e l l o w w a s y e l l ow.
G . N o , b e c a u s e i n S o l u t i o n I I I r e s o r c i n b l u e w a s r e d
H . Ye s , b e c a u s e i n S o l u t i o n I I I m e t a n i l y e l l o w w a s y e l l ow
J. Ye s , b e c a u s e i n S o l u t i o n I I I r e s o r c i n b l u e w a s r e d
3 3 . B a s e d o n t h e r e s u l t s o f E x p e r i m e n t s 1 3 , w h i c h o f
S o l u t i o n s I I V h a s t h e l o w e s t p H ?
A . S o l u t i o n I
B . S o l u t i o n I I
C . S o l u t i o n I I I
D. S o l u t i o n I V
Pa s s a g e V I
D
r i l l i n g m u d ( D M ) i s a s u s p e n s i o n o f c l a y p a r t i c l e s i n
w a t e r. W h e n a w e l l i s d r i l l e d , D M i s i n j e c t e d i n t o t h e h o l e
t o l u b r i c a t e t h e d r i l l A f t e r t h i s u s e , t h e D M i s b r o u g h t b a c k
u p t o t h e s u r f a c e a n d t h e n d i s p o s e d o f b y s p r a y i n g i t o n
a d j a c e n t l a n d a r e a s
A c o v e r o f D M o n p l a n t s a n d s o i l c a n a f f e c t t h e
a l b e d o ( p r o p o r t i o n o f t h e t o t a l i n c o m i n g s o l a r r a d i a t i o n
t h a t i s r e f l e c t e d f r o m a s u r f a c e ) , w h i c h i n t u r n c a n a ff e c t
t h e s o i l t e m p e r a t u r e . T h e e ff e c t o f a c ove r o f D M o n t h e
a l b e d o a n d t h e s o i l t e m p e r a t u r e o f a n u n s l o p e d , s e m i a r i d
g r a s s l a n d a r e a w a s s t u d i e d f r o m J u l y 1 t o A u g u s t 9 o f a
p a r t i c u l a r y e a r.
O n J u n e 3 0 , 3 p l o t s ( P l o t s 1 3 ) , e a c h 1 0 m b y 4 0 m ,
w e r e e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e g r a s s l a n d a r e a Fo r a l l t h e p l o t s , t h e
t y p e s o f veg e t a t i o n p r e s e n t w e r e t h e s a m e , a s w a s t h e d e n -
s i t y o f t h e veg e t a t i o n c ove r. A t t h e c e n t e r o f e a c h p l o t , a
s o i l t e m p e r a t u r e s e n s o r w a s bu r i e d i n t h e s o i l a t a d e p t h o f
2 . 5 c m . A n i n s t r u m e n t t h a t m e a s u r e s i n c o m i n g a n d
r e f l e c t e d s o l a r r a d i a t i o n w a s s u s p e n d e d 6 0 c m a b o v e t h e
c e n t e r o f e a c h p l o t
A n a m o u n t o f D M e q u i v a l e n t t o 4 0 c u b i c m e t e r s
p e r h e c t a r e ( m 3 / h a ) w a s t h e n s p r a y e d e v e n l y o n P l o t 2
( O n e h e c t a r e e q u a l s 1 0 , 0 0 0 m 2 . ) A n a m o u n t e q u iva l e n t t o
8 0 m 3 / h a w a s s p r a y e d e v e n l y o n P l o t 3 N o D M w a s
s p r a y e d o n P l o t 1
F o r e a c h p l o t , t h e a l b e d o w a s c a l c u l a t e d f o r e a c h
c l o u d l e s s d a y d u r i n g t h e s t u d y p e r i o d u s i n g m e a s u r e m e n t s
o f i n c o m i n g a n d r e f l e c t e d s o l a r r a d i a t i o n t a k e n a t n o o n o n
t h o s e d a y s ( s e e F i g u r e 1 )
F i g u r e 1
Fo r e a c h p l o t , t h e s e n s o r r e c o r d e d t h e s o i l t e m p e r a t u r e
e v e r y 5 s e c o v e r t h e s t u d y p e r i o d F r o m t h e s e d a t a , t h e
av e r a g e s o i l t e m p e r a t u r e o f e a c h p l o t w a s d e t e r m i n e d f o r
e a c h d a y ( s e e F i g u r e 2 ) .
F i g u r e 2
Fi g u re s a d a p te d f ro m Fr a n c i s Z vo m u ya e t a l , “ S u r fa c e A l b e d o a n d
S o i l H e a t F l u x C h a n g e s Fo l l o w i n g D r i l l i n g M u d A p p l i c a t i o n t o a
S e m i a r i d , M i xe d - G r a s s Pr a i r i e ” © 2 0 0 8 by t h e S o i l S c i e n c e S o c i e t y
o f A m e r i c a
3 4 . A l b e d o w a s m e a s u r e d a t n o o n b e c a u s e t h a t t i m e o f d a y
i s w h e n s o l a r r a d i a t i o n r e a c h i n g t h e g r o u n d i s :
F. 1 0 0 % r e f l e c t e d
G . 1 0 0 % a b s o r b e d
H . l e a s t i n t e n s e .
J. m o s t i n t e n s e
3 5 . W h y w a s t h e s t u d y d e s i g n e d s o t h a t t h e 3 p l o t s h a d t h e
s a m e t y p e s o f veg e t a t i o n p r e s e n t a n d t h e s a m e d e n s i t y o f veg e t a t i o n c ove r ? T h e s e c o n d i t i o n s e n s u r e d t h a t a ny
va r i a t i o n s i n a l b e d o a n d s o i l t e m p e r a t u r e w o u l d m o s t
l i k e l y b e a t t r i b u t a b l e o n l y t o v a r i a t i o n s a m o n
p l o t s i n t h e
A . a m o u n t o f D M s p r a y e d B . t y p e o f s o i l p r e s e n t .
. p l o t a r e a
t h
3
6 . O n o n e d a y o f t h e s t u d y p e r i o d , a m e a s u r a b l e r a i n f a l l
o c c u r r e d i n t h e s t u d y a r e a T h e a l b e d o c a l c u l a t e d f o r
t h e c l o u d l e s s d a y j u s t a f t e r t h e r a i n y d a y w a s l o w e r
t h a n t h e a l b e d o c a l c u l a t e d f o r t h e c l o u d l e s s d a y j u s t
b e f o r e t h e r a i ny d a y O n w h i c h d a y d i d a m e a s u r a b l e
r a i n f a l l m o s t l i k e l y o c c u r i n t h e s t u d y a r e a ?
F. J u l y 1 0
G . J u l y 1 2
H . J u l y 2 6
J. J u l y 2 8
3 7 . F o r e a c h p l o t , t h e n u m b e r o f t e m p e r a t u r e r e a d i n g s
r ec o r d e d b y t h e s o i l t e m p e r a t u r e s e n s o r eve r y m i n u t e
w a s c l o s e s t t o w h i c h o f t h e f o l l ow i n g ?
A . 0 5
B . 1 2
C . 5 0
D. 6 0
3 8 . A c c o r d i n g t o F i g u r e 1 a n d t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e s t u d y,
w a s J u l y 2 0 a c l o u d l e s s d a y ?
F. N o , b e c a u s e a l b e d o d a t a w e r e n o t c o l l e c t e d o n t h a t
d a y.
G . N o , b e c a u s e a l b e d o d a t a w e r e c o l l e c t e d o n t h a t
d a y
H . Ye s , b e c a u s e a l b e d o d a t a w e r e n o t c o l l e c t e d o n
t h a t d a y
J. Ye s , b e c a u s e a l b e d o d a t a w e r e c o l l e c t e d o n th a t
d a y
3 9 . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e s t u d y, d i d t h e p r e s e n c e
o f a c ove r o f D M i n c r e a s e o r d e c r e a s e t h e a l b e d o , a n d
d i d t h e p r e s e n c e o f a c ove r o f D M i n c r e a s e o r d e c r e a s e
t h e s o i l t e m p e r a t u r e ?
a l b e d o s o i l t e m p e r a t u r e
A . i n c r e a s e i n c r e a s e
B . i n c r e a s e d e c r e a s e
C . d e c r e a s e d e c r e a s e
D. d e c r e a s e i n c r e a s e
4 0 . B a s e d o n F i g u r e 1 , o n A u g u s t 3 , w h a t p e r c e n t o f i n c o m i n g s o l a r r a d i a t i o n w a s N OT r e f l e c t e d f r o m
P l o t 2 ?
F. 2 0 %
G . 4 0 %
H . 6 0 %
J. 8 0 %
END OF TEST 4
STOP! DO NOT RETURN TO ANY OTHER TEST. [See Note on page 52.]
If you plan to take the ACT with writing, sharpen your pencils and continue with the writing test on page 53.
If you do not plan to take the ACT with writing, skip to page 56 for instructions on scoring your multiple-choice tests.
Your Signature: (Do not print.)
Print Your Name Here:
Your Date of Birth: – –Month Day Year
This is a test of your writing skills. You will have forty (40) minutes to read the prompt, plan your response, and write an essay in English. Before you begin working, read all material in this test booklet carefully to understand exactly what you are being asked to do.
You will write your essay on the lined pages in the answer document provided. Your writing on those pages will be scored. You may use the unlined pages in this test booklet to plan your essay. Your work on these pages will not be scored.
Your essay will be evaluated based on the evidence it provides of your ability to:
• analyze and evaluate multiple perspectives on a complex issue
• state and develop your own perspective on the issue
• explain and support your ideas with logical reasoning and detailed examples
• clearly and logically organize your ideas in an essay
• effectively communicate your ideas in standard written English
Lay your pencil down immediately when time is called.
Most people want to be healthy, and most people want as much freedom as possible to do the things they want. Unfortunately, these two desires sometimes con ict. For example, smoking is prohibited from most public places, which restricts the freedom of some individuals for the sake of the health of others. Likewise, car emissions are regulated in many areas in order to reduce pollution and its health risks to others, which in turn restricts some people’s freedom to drive the vehicles they want. In a society that values both health and freedom, how do we best balance the two? How should we think about con icts between public health and individual freedom?
Read and carefully consider these perspectives. Each suggests a particular way of thinking about the conflict between public health and individual freedom.
Our society should strive to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people. When the freedom of the individual interferes with that principle, freedom must be restricted.
Nothing in society is more valuable than freedom. Perhaps physical health is sometimes improved by restricting freedom, but the cost to the health of our free society is far too great to justify it.
The right to avoid health risks is a freedom, too. When we allow individual behavior to endanger others, we’ve damaged both freedom and health.
Write a uni ed, coherent essay in which you evaluate multiple perspectives on the con ict between public health and individual freedom. In your essay, be sure to:
• analyze and evaluate the perspectives given
• state and develop your own perspective on the issue
• explain the relationship between your perspective and those given
Your perspective may be in full agreement with any of the others, in partial agreement, or wholly different. Whatever the case, support your ideas with logical reasoning and detailed, persuasive examples.
Your work on these prewriting pages will not be scored.
Use the space below and on the back cover to generate ideas and plan your essay. You may wish to consider the following as you think critically about the task:
Strengths and weaknesses of the three given perspectives
• What insights do they offer, and what do they fail to consider?
• Why might they be persuasive to others, or why might they fail to persuade?
Your own knowledge, experience, and values
• What is your perspective on this issue, and what are its strengths and weaknesses?
• How will you support your perspective in your essay?
Note
• For your practice essay, you will need scratch paper to plan your essay and four lined sheets of paper for your response.
• On test day, you will receive a test booklet with space to plan your essay and four lined pages on which to write your response.
• Read pages 61–62 for information and instructions on scoring your practice writing test.
Follow the instructions below and on the following pages to score your practice multiple-choice tests and review your performance.
The number of questions you answered correctly on each test and in each subscore area is your raw score. Because there are many forms of the ACT, each with different questions, some forms will be slightly easier (and some slightly harder) than others. A raw score of 67 on one form of the English test, for example, may be about as difficult to earn as a raw score of 70 on another form of that test.
To compute your raw scores, check your answers with the scoring keys on pages 57–58. Count the number of correct answers for each of the four tests and seven subscore areas, and enter the number in the blanks provided on those pages. These numbers are your raw scores on the tests and subscore areas.
To adjust for the small differences that occur among different forms of the ACT, the raw scores for tests and subscore areas are converted into scale scores. Scale scores are printed on the reports sent to you and your college and scholarship choices.
When your raw scores are converted into scale scores, it becomes possible to compare your scores with those of examinees who took different test forms. For example, a scale score of 26 on the English test has the same meaning regardless of the form of the ACT on which it is based.
To determine the scale scores corresponding to your raw scores on the practice test, use the tables explaining procedures used to obtain scale scores from raw scores on pages 59–60. Table 1 on page 59 shows the raw-to-scale score conversions for each test, and Table 2 on page 60 shows the raw-to-scale score conversions for the subscore areas. Because each form of the ACT is unique, each form has somewhat different conversion tables. Consequently, these tables provide only approximations of the raw-to-scale score conversions that would apply if a different form of the ACT were taken. Therefore, the scale scores obtained from the practice tests don’t match precisely the scale scores received from an actual administration of the ACT.
The Composite score is the average of the four scale scores in English, mathematics, reading, and science. If you left any of these tests blank, do not calculate a Composite score. If you take the ACT with writing, your writing results do not affect your Composite score.
Information about comparing your scores on the practice multiple-choice tests with the scores of recent high school graduates who took the ACT can be found at www.actstudent.org
Your scores and percent at or below are only estimates of the scores that you will receive during an actual administration of the ACT. Test scores are only one indicator of your level of learning. Consider your scores in connection with your grades, your performance in outside activities, and your career interests.
The ACT College and Career Readiness Standards describe the types of skills, strategies, and understandings you will need to make a successful transition from high school to college. For English, mathematics, reading, and science, standards are provided for six score ranges that reflect the progression and complexity of the skills in each of the academic areas measured by the ACT tests. For writing, standards are provided for five score ranges. The ACT College and Career Readiness Standards and benchmark scores for each test can be found at www.act.org
Consider the following as you review your scores.
• Did you run out of time? Reread the information in this booklet on pacing yourself. You may need to adjust the way you use your time in responding to the questions.
• Did you spend too much time trying to understand the directions for the tests? The directions for the practice tests are the same directions that will appear in your test booklet on test day. Make sure you understand them before test day.
• Review the questions that you missed. Did you select a response that was an incomplete answer or that did not directly respond to the question being asked? Try to figure out what you overlooked in answering the questions.
• Did a particular type of question confuse you? Did the questions you missed come from a particular subscore area? In reviewing your responses, check to see whether a particular type of question or a particular subscore area was more difficult for you.
Use the scoring key for each test to score your answer document for the multiple-choice tests Mark a “1” in the blank for each question you answered correctly Add up the numbers in each subscore area and enter the total number correct for each subscore area in the blanks provided Also enter the total number correct for each test in the blanks provided The total number correct for each test is the sum of the number correct in each subscore area
Correct (Raw Score) for:
(Raw
Test 3: Reading Scoring Key
Subscore
(Raw Score) for:
Studies/Sciences (SS)
(20)
(AL) Subscore Area (20) Total Number Correct for Reading Test (SS + AL) (40)
On each of the four multiple-choice tests on which you marked any responses, the total number of correct responses yields a raw score Use the table below to convert your raw scores to scale scores For each test, locate and circle your raw score or the range of raw scores that includes it in the table below Then, read across to either outside column of the table and circle the scale score that corresponds to that raw score As you determine your scale scores, enter them in the blanks provided on the right The highest possible scale score for each test is 36 The lowest possible scale score for any test on which you marked any responses is 1
Next, compute the Composite score by averaging the four scale scores To do this, add your four scale scores and divide the sum by 4 If the resulting number ends in a fraction, round it to the nearest whole number (Round down any fraction less than one-half; round up any fraction that is one-half or more ) Enter this number in the blank This is your Composite score The highest possible Composite score is 36 The lowest possible Composite score is 1
ACT Test 1572CPRE Your Scale Score
Reading
Sum of scores
Composite score (sum ÷ 4)
Writing
NOTE: If you left a test completely blank and marked no items, do not list a scale score for that test If any test was completely blank, do not calculate a Composite score
To calculate your writing score, use the rubric on pages 61– 62
S u b s c o r e
Y o u r S c a l e
A C T T e s t 1 5 7 2 C P R E
A B L E 2
E x p l a n a t i o n o f P r o c e d u r e s U s e d t o O b t a i n
S c a l e S u b s c o r e s f r o m R a w S c o r e s
E n g l i s h
U s a g e / M e c h a n i c s
R h e t o r i c a l S k i l l s M a t h e m a t i c s P r eA l g e b r a / E l e m e n t a r y A l g e b r a
A l g e b r a / C o o r d G e o m e t r y
P l a n e G e o m e t r y / T r i g o n o m e t r y
R e a d i n g
S o c i a l S t u d i e s / S c i e n c e s
F o r e a c h o f t h e s e v e n s u b s c o r e a r e a s , t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f c o r r e c t
r e s p o n s e s y i e l d s a r a w s c o r e U s e t h e t a b l e b e l o w t o c o n v e r t y o u r r a w
s c o r e s t o s c a l e s u b s c o r e s F o r e a c h o f t h e s e v e n s u b s c o r e a r e a s ,
l o c a t e a n d c i r c l e e i t h e r t h e r a w s c o r e o r t h e r a n g e o f r a w s c o r e s t h a t
i n c l u d e s i t i n t h e t a b l e b e l o w T h e n , r e a d a c r o s s t o e i t h e r o u t s i d e
c o l u m n o f t h e t a b l e a n d c i r c l e t h e s c a l e s u b s c o r e t h a t c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h a t r a w s c o r e A s y o u d e t e r m i n e y o u r s c a l e s u b s c o r e s , e n t e r t h e m i n t h e b l a n k s p r o v i d e d o n t h e r i g h t T h e h i g h e s t p o s s i b l e s c a l e s u b s c o r e
i s 1 8 T h e l o w e s t p o s s i b l e s c a l e s u b s c o r e i s 1
I f y o u l e f t a t e s t c o m p l e t e l y b l a n k a n d m a r k e d n o r e s p o n s e s , d o n o t l i s t a n y s c a l e s u b s c o r e s f o r t h a t t e s t
A r t s / L i t e r a t u r e
R a w S c o r e s
T e s t 2 M a t h e m a t i c s T e s t 3 R e a d i n g
S c a l e S u b s c o r e
T e s t 1 E n g l i s h
U s a g e / M e c h a n i c s R h e t o r i c a l S k i l l s P r eA l g e b r a / E l e m A l g e b r a A l g e b r a / C o o r d G e o m e t r y P l a n e G e o m e t r y / T r i g o n o m e t r y S o c i a l S t u d i e s / S c i e n c e s A r t s / L i t e r a t u r e 1 8 1 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3 84 0 3 63 7 3 5 3 33 4 3 2 3 1 2 93 0 2 72 8 2 52 6 2 32 4 2 02 2 1 81 9 1 61 7 1 31 5 1 01 2 89 57 04 3 5 3 4 3 23 3 3 1 2 93 0 2 72 8 2 52 6 2 22 4 2 02 1 1 71 9 1 51 6 1 31 4 1 1 -
S c a l e S u b s c o r e
1 5 7 2 C P R E
It is difficult to be objective about one’s own work However, it is to your advantage to read your own writing critically, as doing so can help you grow as a writer and as a reader It may also be helpful for you to give your practice essay to another reader, such as a classmate, parent, or teacher To rate your essay, you and your reader(s) should review the guidelines an d sample essays at www.actstudent.org and then use the scoring rubric below to assign your practice essay a score of 1 (low) through 6 (high) in each of the four writing domains (Ideas and Analysis, Development and Support, Organization, Language Use)
Scoring Rubric (below)
The rubric presents the standards by which your essay will be evaluated Readers will use this rubric to assign your essay four uni que scores, one per writing domain To score your essay, determine which scorepoint, in each domain, best describes the features of your writing Because each domain receives its own score, the four scores you assign need not be identical For example, you may find that your essay exhibits stronger skill in organization than in the development of ideas In this case, you may determine that your essay should receive a higher score in Organization than in Development and Support
Ideas and Analysis
Score 6:
Responses at this scorepoint demonstrate effective skill in writing an argumentative essay.
The writer generates an argument that critically engages with multiple perspectives on the given issue The argument’s thesis reflects nuance and precision in thought and purpose The argument establishes and employs an insightful context for analysis of the issue and its perspectives The analysis examines implications, complexities and tensions, and/or underlying values and assumptions
Score 5:
Responses at this scorepoint demonstrate well-developed skill in writing an argumentative essay
Development and Support Organization L anguage Use
Development of ideas and support for claims deepen insight and broaden context An integrated line of skillful reasoning and illustration effectively conveys the significance of the argument Qualifications and complications enrich and bolster ideas and analysis
The response exhibits a skillful organizational strategy The response is unified by a controlling idea or purpose, and a logical progression of ideas increases the effectiveness of the writer’s argument Transitions between and within paragraphs strengthen the relationships among ideas
The use of language enhances the argument Word choice is skillful and precise Sentence structures are consistently varied and clear Stylistic and register choices, including voice and tone, are strategic and effective While a few minor errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics may be present, they do not impede understanding
Score 4:
Responses at this scorepoint demonstrate adequate skill in writing an argumentative essay.
The writer generates an argument that productively engages with multiple perspectives on the given issue The argument’s thesis reflects precision in thought and purpose The argument establishes and employs a thoughtful context for analysis of the issue and its perspectives The analysis addresses implications, complexities and tensions, and/or underlying values and assumptions
The writer generates an argument that engages with multiple perspectives on the given issue The argument’s thesis reflects clarity in thought and purpose The argument establishes and employs a relevant context for analysis of the issue and its perspectives The analysis recognizes implications, complexities and tensions, and/or underlying values and assumptions
Development of ideas and support for claims deepen understanding A mostly integrated line of purposeful reasoning and illustration capably conveys the significance of the argument Qualifications and complications enrich ideas and analysis
The response exhibits a productive organizational strategy The response is mostly unified by a controlling idea or purpose, and a logical sequencing of ideas contributes to the effectiveness of the argument Transitions between and within paragraphs consistently clarify the relationships among ideas
The use of language works in service of the argument Word choice is precise Sentence structures are clear and varied often Stylistic and register choices, including voice and tone, are purposeful and productive While minor errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics may be present, they do not impede understanding
Development of ideas and support for claims clarify meaning and purpose Lines of clear reasoning and illustration adequately convey the significance of the argument Qualifications and complications extend ideas and analysis
The response exhibits a clear organizational strategy The overall shape of the response reflects an emergent controlling idea or purpose Ideas are logically grouped and sequenced Transitions between and within paragraphs clarify the relationships among ideas
The use of language conveys the argument with clarity Word choice is adequate and sometimes precise Sentence structures are clear and demonstrate some variety Stylistic and register choices, including voice and tone, are appropriate for the rhetorical purpose While errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics are present, they rarely impede understanding
Score 3:
Responses at this scorepoint demonstrate some developing skill in writing an argumentative essay
Ideas and Analysis Development and Support Organization L anguage Use
The writer generates an argument that responds to multiple perspectives on the given issue The argument’s thesis reflects some clarity in thought and purpose The argument establishes a limited or tangential context for analysis of the issue and its perspectives Analysis is simplistic or somewhat unclear
Development of ideas and support for claims are mostly relevant but are overly general or simplistic Reasoning and illustration largely clarify the argument but may be somewhat repetitious or imprecise
Score 2:
Responses at this scorepoint demonstrate weak or inconsistent skill in writing an argumentative essay
The writer generates an argument that weakly responds to multiple perspectives on the given issue The argument’s thesis, if evident, reflects little clarity in thought and purpose Attempts at analysis are incomplete, largely irrelevant, or consist primarily of restatement of the issue and its perspectives
Development of ideas and support for claims are weak, confused, or disjointed Reasoning and illustration are inadequate, illogical, or circular, and fail to fully clarify the argument
The response exhibits a basic organizational structure The response largely coheres, with most ideas logically grouped Transitions between and within paragraphs sometimes clarify the relationships among ideas
The use of language is basic and only somewhat clear Word choice is general and occasionally imprecise Sentence structures are usually clear but show little variety
Stylistic and register choices, including voice and tone, are not always appropriate for the rhetorical purpose
Distracting errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics may be present, but they generally do not impede understanding
The response exhibits a rudimentary organizational structure Grouping of ideas is inconsistent and often unclear Transitions between and within paragraphs are misleading or poorly formed
The use of language is inconsistent and often unclear Word choice is rudimentary and frequently imprecise Sentence structures are sometimes unclear Stylistic and register choices, including voice and tone, are inconsistent and are not always appropriate for the rhetorical purpose
Distracting errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics are present, and they sometimes impede understanding
Score 1:
Responses at this scorepoint demonstrate little or no skill in writing an argumentative essay
The writer fails to generate an argument that responds intelligibly to the task The writer’s intentions are difficult to discern Attempts at analysis are unclear or irrelevant
Ideas lack development, and claims lack support Reasoning and illustration are unclear, incoherent, or largely absent
The response does not exhibit an organizational structure There is little grouping of ideas When present, transitional devices fail to connect ideas
The use of language fails to demonstrate skill in responding to the task Word choice is imprecise and often difficult to comprehend Sentence structures are often unclear Stylistic and register choices are difficult to identify Errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics are pervasive and often impede understanding
Complete these steps to calculate your Writing Subject Score (1–36 scale)
1 Locate the four domain scores (1– 6) and enter them in the first column below Double each score and enter in the Domain Score column to the right
Domain Score
Ideas and Analysis x 2 = Development and Support x 2 = Organization x 2 = Language Use and Conventions x 2 =
2 Enter the sum of the second-column scores here This is your raw score (value between 8 and 48)
3 Use Table 1 on page 59 to find the scaled Writing Subject Score that corresponds to your raw score
You may wish to remove this sample answer document from the booklet to use in a practice test session for the four multiple-choice tests
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use a
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Print your 3-character Test Form in the boxes above and fill in the corresponding oval at the right.
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