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The Corne¬ Daily Sun

Garrett: College Endowment Bill ‘Misconceived’

Drafted by Rep. Reed, proposed bill would require colleges to allocate part of endowment to

By TALIA JUBAS

Senior Wr ter

President Elizabeth Garrett called a bill proposed in Congress in September that would require schools to use a part of their endowments for financial aid “misconceived,” Bloomberg Businessweek reported

The bill, which is set to be filed this month, would require institutions of higher education with endowments larger than $1 billion to distribute some of that money in the form of need-based scholarships in order to maintain their tax-free status, according to the Bloomberg article Representative Tom Reed (R-N Y ), who serves the 23rd district which includes Ithaca drafted the bill in order

to “make college education more affordable for middle class families,” according to an article in The Lansing Star, written by the congressman ’ s office

“I care about ensuring [that] anyone with the desire to educate themselves can receive a fair chance at making that happen without being prevented because of the cost ”

“I care about ensuring [that] anyone with the desire to educate themselves can receive a fair chance at making that happen without being prevented because of the cost, ” Reed said in the article

Although those who support the legislation have “their hearts in the right place their methods won ’ t succeed for

the goals they have in mind,” Garrett said during her interview with Bloomberg Joel Malina, vice president for university relations, said that a university’s endowment is “ not an unrestricted resource to tap for current-day needs, but instead is a binding commitment that extends in two very important directions ” “Taxing or otherwise tapping into an endowment’s prin-

Singer Carly Rae Jepsen To

Barton

By PAULINA GLASS

Assistant News Ed tor

With testimony underway for the murder trial of Benjamin Cayea, which began Friday morning, Glenna Dunaway, Shannon Jones’s ’15 psychotherapist, brought to light numerous incidents of violence between Cayea and Jones

Dunaway said Jones had spoken to her about multiple altercations, including a May 2014 incident where Jones said Cayea choked her, according to The Ithaca Journal Additionally, James Terzian, a forensic pathologist, testified that Jones’ death was a homicide, according to The Ithaca Voice

Cayea is on trial for the second degree murder of Jones last November In the opening arguments, the defense said there “ was no question” that Cayea caused Jones’ death by asphyxiation in her Cayuga

Have a heart

By GABRIELLA LEE Sun News Editor

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i n t i m a t e s i d e o f Je p s e n , a c c o rd i n g t o a C o r n e l l C o n c e r t C o m m i s s i o n p re s s re l e a s e In a d d i t i o n t o Je p s e n , t h e c o n c e r t w i l l f e a t u re “ a s p e c i a l g u e s t ” t h a t w i l l b e a n n o

By PAULINA GLASS Sun Assistant News Editor

Pre s i d e n t Em e r i t u s David Skorton was offic i a l l y i n s t a l l e d a s t h e Smithsonian Institution’s 13th secretary in a ceremony Monday afternoon T h e c e re m o n y, l i vestreamed on the Smithsonian’s website, marks the official beginning of his role as secretary, though he

assumed his duties on July 1 Though freshly minted in his role, Skorton has a l re a d y b e g u

waves with comments he made in relation to the public perception of the Smithsonian, particularly that he does not appreciate when people refer to it as “ T h e Na t i o n ’ s At t i c , ” according to The Associated Press

“I think about an attic a s s o m e w h e re t h a t yo u sort of put stuff that you used to be interested in and might be interested in again someday You don’t know for sure, ” Skorton s a i d , a c c o rd i n g t o T h e A s s o c i a t e d Pre s s “ T h e Smithsonian, I’ve learned, is

University

Valerie Reyna Elected

To National Academy

Of Medicine

Prof Valerie Reyna, human development, is one of 80 new members of the National Academy of Medicine an organization of health professionals that advises the nation on issues in health policy, according to the University Members are elected based upon achievements in the field of medicine and commitment to public health care, according to the NAM Reyna is the director of Cornell’s Human Neuroscience Institute and codirector of Cornell’s MRI Facility and Center for Behavioral Economics and Decision Research

Cornell Gains Access Yo New Historical

Archives

Cornell will gain access this year to the USC Shoah Foundation Visual Histor y Archives which contains over 50,000 testimonies from sur vivors of the Holocaust, Rwandan genocide, Nanjing massacre and Armenian genocide according to a University release Cornell students, staff and alumni will be able to access the archive online via the Cornell University Librar y, according to the release The University will host a talk on Nov 3 by Philip Gourevitch ’86, an expert in the Rwandan genocide, to commemorate the archive’s creation

NIH Honors

Professors

The National Institutes of Health awarded three Cornell assistant professors New Innovator Awards which provide more than five years of funding for health-related research yesterday, according to a University press release Prof Melissa Warden, neurobiology and behavior, Prof Jesse Goldberg, neurobiology and behavior and Prof Matthew Paszek ’02, chemical and biological engineering, were recognized Thirty-eight other scientists, including Cornell alumnus James Munro Ph D ’10, also received awards, according to the release

Meth Lab Discovered In Groton

Tompkins County officers charged four people with thirddegree unlawful manufacture of methamphetamine after an investigation Saturday, according to The Ithaca Journal Police and various response teams followed up on a report of a meth lab in Groton, N Y , where they found lab equipment and chemicals used for meth manufacture, The Journal reported

Yale Prof Presents Research on 1858 Memoir

Caleb Smith speaks about discovery, mystery behind 19th century prisoner’s autobiography

By SAMANTHA ACRICHE Sun Staff Writer

Prof Caleb Smith, English and American Studies, Yale University, presented his research on the process of uncovering the identity and story of Rob Reed, the author of an 1858 memoir that has intrigued scholars ever since its discovery The autobiography provides a rare look into the life in 19th centur y American prisons for an African American man

Smith discovered in 2013 that Austin Reed whose identity became an ongoing mystery after the 2009 discovery of an 1858 memoir by the pseudonym Rob Reed was born a free man in Rochester, New York, but later became an indentured servant and an inmate of the nation’s first juvenile reformatory He was also a prisoner at New York’s Auburn State Prison

Smith said there was initially no record of Rob Reed, which made research into the identity of the author difficult

“In 2009, I started working with curators and researchers to find out about anything we could about the document and its author,” he said “We searched New York State prison records but there was no sure sign of any Rob or Robert Reed who could conform to the story we had read ”

The research group turned to New York City’s House of Refuge, and though they could not find a Robert Reed, they found another Reed, which “helped to open up the mystery ” Smith and his colleagues found two 1895 letters to the superintendent signed by Austin Reed, which solved the mystery

In his presentation, Smith split Reed’s life into three major parts: his time as an indentured servant, his time in the House of Refuge and as an inmate at Auburn State Prison

“Early in life, [Reed] had become familiar with the hard facts of poverty, servitude and

punishment,” Smith said “But he also developed a deep knowledge about gains and power, a feeling for words and images He knew that the whip in 19th century America was not only a weapon but also an emblem of slavery He understood that fire was a symbol of insurrection ”

At a young age, Reed was sent to the New York House of Refuge a juvenile reform school in Manhattan where it is believed Reed learned to read and write

After leaving the refuge in 1839, Reed spent most of the next 20 years in New York’s penal institutions

Smith said the book is important because it offers a rare glimpse into 19th century prison life Reed’s autobiography, titled “The Life and the Adventures of a Haunted Convict,” will be published by Random House in January

“Thousands of people were locked up in similar institutions but very few would write their own stories,” Smith said “There was nothing with such literary power, no other memoir by a black writer that could suggest such profound connection between the penal system and the plantation slavery ”

“He became the object of some of 19th century America’s most elaborate experiments in the punishment of crime and the management of human character,” Smith said “He became a victim of torture and grinding cruelty “

Hip Hop Group Launches Workshop for Beginners

By JOSEPHINE CHU Sun Staff Writer

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Ac c o rd i n g t o K i m , t h e i d e a w a s d i s c u s s e d a m o n g B r e a k F r e e m e m b e r s f o r a b o u t t w o y e a r s , b u t p l a n n i n g f o r

“I really liked how this program enables people of all levels to grow and develop as dancers ”

D T I s t a r t e d i n

S e p t e m b e r r i g h t a f t e r f a l l a u d i t i o n s T h e w o rk s h o p l a u n c h e d o n

Oc t 3 w i t h a t u r n o u t o f a ro u n d

3 0 p e o p l e , w h i c h w a s g re a t e r t h a n a n t i c i p a t e d , a c c o rd i n g t o K i m E l e n a Ji a o ’ 1 9 , w h o a t t e n d e d t h e w o rk s h o p, s a i d i t w a s a n “ u p l i f t i n g e n v i r o n m e n t ” w h e r e e v e r yo n e w a s “ e n c o u r a g i n g a n d j u d g e m e n t - f re e ” “ I w a n t e d t o l e a

Chu can be reached at jchu@cornellsun com

Garrett Comes Out Against Reed’s Endowment Bill

Continued from page 1

cipal investments might satisfy shor t-term demands but would also cheat future generations of the educational programs and financial aid that today’s endowments suppor t, and violate state laws that require pr udent and careful management of endowment funds,” Malina said

In a statement responding to Garrett’s critique, Reed asser ted that “ we understand exactly how endowments work ”

Noting in his statement that university endowm

income, Reed maintained that “it’s only fair that they put some of that profit into lowering, and in many cases removing, all tuition costs of going to college ”

A l t h o u g h C

n g investment return of 3 4 percent for the year ended June 30, the lowest of the Ivy League schools that have repor ted their results, its endowment value has reached $6 3 billion, marking a 1 6 percent increase from last year and a record high

Citing an increase of about $160 million in endowment-suppor ted financial aid between 2009 and 2014, Malina maintains that Cornell is already reducing the economic burden of tuition

“If you can earn admission to this institution, whatever your economic situation, Cornell is committed to making sure you can take full advantage of an educational experience that will transform your life,” he said

Jubas can be reached at tjubas@cornellsun com

Murder Trial of Benjamin Cayea Continues

Continued from page 1

Heights apartment, but urged the jur y to focus on “the question of intent ”

Dunaway testified that she had been counseling Jones for two years before her death, according to The Journal During those two years, Cayea had also had attended a few sessions with Jones, in which he discussed with her his violent actions and that he was “shocked by his assaulting her ”

“He felt terrible about it,” Dunaway said Dunaway further said Cayea was in favor of splitting up after the May 2014 incident, but that they did not stay separated for long Further testimony revealed that Cayea had moved into Jones’ apartment in October 2014, just a month before her death

According to The Journal, the jur y was then shown images of Jones’ body and video of her apartment as evidence The 911 dispatcher and several law enforcement officials took the stand to recount the incident

Additionally, witnesses that knew Jones testified on her behalf, and the court was shown a video of Cayea and investigator Kevin Bowen’s hour-long inter view following the murder “I lost my shit, and I killed my girlfriend,” Cayea said in the video

Matthew Van Houten, Cayea’s defense attorney, said immediately following Monday’s proceedings that Cayea would testify on Tuesday, according to The Journal He also said that Monday’s witnesses did not accurately reflect the narrative

“ There are two sides to ever y stor y, ” he said “And while I can ’ t blame those witnesses for their testimony, they certainly didn’t have both sides of the stor y ” Van Houten said he hopes that the jur y will see “who Ben [Cayea] is” through Tuesday’s proceedings and testimony He also said he will call three witnesses to the stand, and that after Tuesday, the trial will be over

W W W . C O R N E L L S U N . C O M

Skorton Installed At Smithsonian

Crackdown: Amazon Sues to Stop Phony Reviews of Products on Site

SKORTON Continued from page 1

The Smithsonian Institution includes 20 libraries, the National Zoo, 19 museums and galleries and various centers for research, all which fall under Skorton’s jurisdiction, according to its website He will also oversee over 6,000 staff members and a $1 billion budget

“I could read a ... briefing, but nothing’s quite the same as sitting down with an eighth grader.”

President Emeritus David Skorton

Since Skorton took office in July, he has overseen many changes and has already been embroiled in a controversy In the face of requests to remove an exhibit about comedian Bill Cosby after allegations of rape surfaced, Skorton supported Johnetta Cole’s the director of the National Museum of African Art decision to keep the installation “As an overriding principle, we have to avoid censorship I am very much against taking down an exhibition once it has opened,” Skorton said Skorton also oversaw the construction of the National Museum of African American Art and Culture and puts a poem on his door every week

According to The Associated Press, Skorton has already begun to implement leadership practices he developed at Cornell such as making himself available to the people who are most in touch with the institution He encourages people to write him and give him feedback on the museums and his performance

“I could read a 200-page briefing, and it would be very valuable, but nothing’s quite the same as sitting down with an eighth grader and saying, ‘Is this cool? Are you enjoying this? Is it fun? Is it boring?’” Skorton said

Paulina Glass can be reached at pglass@cornellsun com

NEW YORK (AP) Internet users increasingly rely on online customer reviews when making spending decisions, whether they’re buying an iPhone case on Amazon or hiring an Uber ride in their hometown But just how much can you trust those reviews?

A new lawsuit in which Amazon accuses more than 1,000 people of offering to post bogus glowing writeups for as little as $5 apiece might give you pause

The case, filed in Washington state court Friday by the nation’s biggest online retailer, casts light on what appears to be a burgeoning practice: the commissioning of paid, fake reviews that masquerade as testimonials from ordinar y people

Fake reviews are nothing new to online retailing, and Amazon is far from the only big company affected Yelp’s restaurant reviews and TripAdvisor’s hotel ratings have long been a target of critics who claim that merchants can easily post positive reviews of their own businesses

Amazon’s legal counteroffensive, however, appears to be one of the most aggressive attempts yet by a major U S e-commerce company to fight back

Its lawsuit alleges that individuals would write fivestar reviews about products they never even tried, and plotted with product makers to subvert Amazon safeguards that are meant to bolster confidence in the website’s reviews

“Suing the reviewers is a way to discourage them from doing it again,” said Wedbush analyst Michael Pachter “ They’re tr ying to make a statement that you can rely on the integrity of the reviews on the site ”

There are powerful incentives to plant fraudulent reviews

About 45 percent of consumers consider product reviews when weighing an online purchase, according to Forrester Research Two-thirds of shoppers trust con-

Nielsen

For small businesses, it can be more economical to pay for positive reviews than to buy advertising

For example, a half-star increase in a restaurant ’ s

online rating can increase the likelihood of securing, say, a 7 p m booking by 15 to 20 percent, said Jenny Sussin, a director at Gartner Research So a restaurateur might be tempted to pay $250 for 50 positive reviews online in the hopes of raising that rating

Online sites like Amazon, Yelp and TripAdvisor have worked hard to thwart the planting of fake reviews a practice sometimes called "astroturfing," a reference to the synthetic grass used on sports fields

They employ computer algorithms and teams of investigators who scour reviews and delete suspicious entries Often, only people who have paid for a product or ser vice and been verified can post reviews

Yelp director of business outreach Darnell Holloway said that when suspicious reviews are found, the company puts a “ consumer alert” badge on a company ’ s Yelp site for 90 days warning consumers that reviews might be deceptive If the problem persists, Yelp removes all reviews of the company

Most recently, Yelp deleted all reviews of a business called Movers Alliance after if found the company was pressuring customers to write positive reviews

TripAdvisor says it has a team of 300 people using fraud detection techniques to weed out fake reviews

“In the first half of 2015 alone we took action against 29 different optimization companies around the world to put a stop to their activity,” said spokesman Kevin Carter

But in general, experts say, fraudulent reviews aren ’ t going away anytime soon Gartner estimates that 10 to 15 percent of all online reviews are fake

Legal recourse has been scarce In 2013, the New York attorney general’s office said it had settled cases with 19 companies and secured $350,000 in penalties for fake reviews

In April, Amazon sued several websites that offered to produce positive reviews Now it’s targeting the actual writers of the reviews in this case, those who have accounts at Fiverr com, a site for freelancers looking for work

Michelle Tong | Guest Room

The Conversation We Should Be Having

In 1993, my dad left our home in Harbin, China for Blacksburg, Virginia, in order to complete his doctorate at Virginia Tech My favorite story of his from those first few months in the United States is one about ordering tea at a restaurant Colleagues took him out for a meal, and he ordered tea, expecting a small mug of warm and mild liquid Instead, the waitress brought him a giant plastic cup of southern sweet tea with lots of ice Even years later, he would laugh with my mom over how Americans loved putting ice in all their drinks

When Dad came over in 1993, the total number of international students at U S universities was around 439,000 In 2013, the Institute of International Education reported a total of 819,644

Instead of conference workshops on how to pronounce Chinese names (yes, this really happened), the lack of support for the increasing population of international students is the conversation we should be having International students encounter some of the same obstacles as domestic students, like lack of financial assistance struggles with psychosocial adjustment, and discrimination However, internationals may experience those obstacles to a greater degree Financially, international students at many universities, including Cornell, are not eligible for financial assistance In fact, the tuition that internationals do pay essentially subsidizes financial aid for the higherneed domestic students At the graduate level, government-sponsored funding sources often limit eligibility to U S citizen and permanent residents meaning that international graduate students have a smaller pool of money to draw from Faculty at Cornell who are interested in welcoming internationals to their labs know this well Socially, one study has found that female internationals in engineering experience gender discrimination at a much higher rate than domestic females Gender and racial discrimination are issues that American universities know all too well Diversity offices on college campuses rightly give voice to underrepresented minorities, but international students are, on the whole, not part of the “diversity programs ” rhetoric With international enrollment increasing 83 percent in 20 years, and no signs of slowing, international students are quickly becoming an underrepresented majority on U S campuses In the face of these struggles, “improve your English” seems to be the mystical cure-all prescribed by staff, faculty and other students First, I feel silly having to say this, but gaining native proficiency in English is not a solution to structural problems, like financial aid availability and campus discrimination Second, research finds that while language proficiency in international students plays a role, the presence of social support is a much stronger predictor of successful psychosocial adjustment to life in the United States Thus, language support offices are important, but not enough International student-specific support offices do exist, but are generally swamped with helping students and scholars navigate the intricacies of work permits, social security applications, tax filing and increasingly complicated visa procedures These offices are usually unable to address more fundamental issues of discrimination, cultural adjustment and lack of social support Even so, distracted faculty and busy departments are often guilty of outsourcing all their

international student care to these already burdened offices This is a huge problem because supporting students, academically and bureaucratically, is almost always a joint effort between multiple administrative offices (the registrar, bursar, college, specific department and so on) Since international support offices are often the only places on campuses that have any knowledge of logistical issues faced by international students, their work is hindered by the oversight or simple ignorance of other offices So unless awareness of and attention to international student suppor t extends university-wide, international student support offices are not enough

Upon graduation, international students face other issues Increased international student enrollment has not been paired with a proportional increase in the quota for H-1B visas in the United States The H1B visa, requiring sponsorship from an employer, allows foreign nationals to work in the United States and is the next step for international students interested in staying in the United States Between 2007 and 2012, F-1 student visa issuances saw a 63 percent increase while H-1B visa issuances actually decreased by 12 percent While international students who want to work in the United States are acutely aware of this weighted lottery, faculty and staff are often ignorant of the process or believe that these things have nothing to do with their roles as educators

What faculty don’t realize is that present and future visa status greatly influence the educational decisions made by international students Limited visa durations and arduous renewal processes (that can require the student to return to their home country) can often mean that international graduate students consciously choose not to pursue higher-risk research projects The problem is that these projects are often seen as more “creative” and this designation can influence where faculty invest their mentorship time, consciously or not Those who are daring enough to pursue these “creative” projects supposedly possess that coveted quality of intellectual independence when, in fact, they may just not have to worry about deportation One way for faculty to remedy this is simple: Educate yourselves on the relevant U S immigration policy and incorporate discussions of visa timelines into your mentorship A second way is a little harder: Spend time exploring how policies and institutional structures are creating barriers to innovation in your labs Then, work to remove them

International students make major contributions to the academic communities they join, not just in terms of providing “global perspectives,” but also economically and academically International grad students have higher publication rates and lower graduation times Researchers have found that just the presence of international doctoral students in science and engineering departments increases graduation rates amongst domestic students in those departments These students are valuable, contributing members of our communities, so we need to stop treating them like unwanted visitors As more and more international students walk the quadrangles of our campus, I’m hoping for conversations that go beyond “how do you pronounce your name again?”

Partisan Politics

In House Committee

After17 months and $4 5 million, the House Select Committee on Benghazi still pushes forward What was originally designed to investigate the deaths of four Americans at the U S consulate in Benghazi has descended into cross-party allegations of partisanship targeting then-Secretary of State and current presidential candidate Hillary Clinton The Committee, headed by Trey Gowdy (R-S C ), has seemingly staggered from one damaging headline to the next over the past two weeks, ultimately undermining the standing of the investigation and lending credibility to accusations of a partisan witchhunt

First, Kevin McCarthy (RCalif ) was forced to withdraw his almost certain bid to replace the resigning John Boehner as Speaker of the House after appearing on Fox News and declaring, “Everybody thought Hillary Clinton was unbeatable, right? But we put together a Benghazi special committee, a select committee, [and] what are her numbers today? Her numbers are dropping Why? Because she’s untrustable But no one would have known any of that had happened ”

said Mr Cummings used the term to question the speed of the committee’s work

At one point, several Republican staff members formed a gun-buying club and discussed in the committee’s conference room the 9-millimeter Glock handguns they intended to buy and what type of monograms they would inscribe on them, Major Podliska said

And just this past weekend, Elijah E Cummings (D-MD), the Committee’s topranking Democrat, poked even more holes in the investigation of Chairman Gowdy Earlier

By dragging along the investigatio “glacial pace,” the Committee m clear their intention to infl presidential politics in an atte gratify a decades old partisa vendetta.

Next, Richard Hanna (R-N Y ) told a local radio station, “This may not be politically correct, but I think that there was a big part of this investigation that was designed to go after people and an individual, Hillary Clinton I think that’s the way Washington works But you’d like to expect more from a committee that’s spent millions of dollars and tons of time ”

Amid those comments from Republican officials, Bradley Podliska, an Air Force Reserve officer and terminated Republican staffer previously on the Select Committee, gave a revealing interview with the New York Times, charging that the investigation had increasingly become focused on Hillar y Clinton

While Republican staff members claim Major Podliska was fired for “improper partiality and animus in his investigative work,” Podliska maintains his termination was a result of his refusal to focus exclusively on Hillary Clinton and as punishment for a twoweek absence he took from the Committee to fulfill his military obligations Major Podliska plans to file a lawsuit against the Committee next month, with his legal team alleging that the Committee unlawfully leaked sensitive information regarding his firing and that “Chairman Gowdy disclosed specific information about private mediation between the Committee and Major Podliska disclosures that violate the Congressional Accountability Act’s ban on disclosing information regarding settlement negotiations ”

Besides asserting that the Committee was engaging in a partisan investigation, Major Podliska also provides this glimpse into the investigation per the New York Times:

“With the slow progress, members have engaged in social activities like a wine club nicknamed ‘Wine Wednesdays,’ drinking from glasses imprinted with the words ‘Glacial Pace,’ a dig at Representative Elijah E Cummings, Democrat of Maryland and the committee’s ranking member, Major Podliska

this month, Gowdy released a batch of emails from Clintons’ time as Secretary of State, claiming that Mrs Clinton had sent classified information by way of a naming a Central Intelligence Agency source At the time the Chairman said the name of the CIA source, “is some of the most protected information in our intelligence community the release of which could jeopardize not only national security but also human lives ”

Unfortunately for Mr Gowdy the CIA itself did not consider that information to be classified and did not request that any names be redacted in the released emails Representative Cummings responded to these manipulated releases stating, “The standard operating procedure of this Select Committee has become to put out information publicly that is inaccurate and out of context in order to attack Secretary Clinton for political reasons ” Currently, the Committee is overseeing the fifth longest investigation by a special committee in Congressional history, lasting longer than probes into Hurricane Katrina, Pearl Harbor and Watergate By dragging along the investigation at a “glacial pace, ” the Committee makes clear their intention to influence presidential politics in an attempt to gratify a decades old partisan vendetta Does anyone really believe this investigation would be ongoing if anyone but Hillary Clinton was the Secretary of State and leading presidential candidate?

The combination of the aforementioned allegations, mostly from Republicans, speaks to a pattern of corruption and misconduct within the House Select Committee on Benghazi Mrs Clinton should not be free from criticism regarding the terrorist attack she was the Secretary of State at the time However, the Committee cannot be allowed to use the United States House of Representatives as an arm of Republican opposition research with the intent to derail Clinton’s presidential campaign using millions of taxpayer dollars and valuable political resources Enough is enough

ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

The Tr uth and Lies of Folk

BY TROY SHERMAN Assistant Arts and Entertainment Editor

Richard Polenberg is the Marie Underhill Noll Professor of History Emeritus here at Cornell During his academic career, he taught about and wrote books on political and legal history, but when he retired a few years ago, he decided to pursue a topic much closer to his heart: American folk music The Sun had a chance to sit down with Professor Polenberg to ask him some questions about his upcoming book, Hear My Sad Story: The True Tales That Inspired “Stagolee,” “John Henry,’ and Other Traditional American Folk Songs, as well as talk about his personal history with, and love of folk music

T HE S UN: Would you mind talking a little bit about how the book came to be and why you wanted to write it?

RI C HAR D PO LE NBERG: Well, while I was teaching at Cornell I wrote a number of books which dealt with American political history and legal history; I wrote a book on the first amendment, and then I became interested in biography and wrote a book on Franklin Roosevelt, but I had always loved folk music

I play the guitar and the banjo and I always used to sing my kids to sleep when they were little and play with friends as well So when I retired I thought, “Why not move into an area that I love and that I know something about ” That was folk music In Hear My Sad Story, many of the chapters deal with legal cases men who were tried or convicted would work their way through the courts so to some degree I was able to write about legal and constitutional history But of course there’s much more in the book than that All of the stories are very interesting, about men like Jesse James or Railroad B tragic; A lot of people murdered [around th ry] It just sort of hap write about all of thes ing things that I wan ed to write about Whether or not I’ll write another book after this I don’t know, but this is a book I’ve bee thinking about for long time and it’s one I’ve really been w ing to write

S UN: That’s great thing closer to home preface you talk a your personal history music Could you go little bit more?

R P : Well, when I I learned to play the banjo I took some gu a number of very g and then I began to friends of mine In 1 years old, I took a tr with my best friend student and I was an we packed up our inst Asheville, Nor th C Lamar Lunsford wa Folk and Dance Fes meet a lot of great p trip We met Aunt Samantha Bumgarner, who in the 1920s was the first woman to make a recording with the 5-string banjo We just drove up to her house and asked her if she would play with us, and she said she could It was very easy to meet people in the 1950s; You’d go to a farmers’ meeting and there would be people with guitars and banjos and you’d ask them if they had any time to play for you and they’d invite you over and cook you dinner and play music That was a very, very wonderful and memorable summer for me

S UN : That sounds like an amazing experience Now, to get into the book, one of the things that I noticed about a lot of the stories is that, often, an event would occur in one way and then the song would take over and change some of the facts and the morals

R P : Yes, that’s a very shrewd comment Many of the songs describe events, but the interpretation of the individuals in the songs can be quite different Jesse James murdered a lot of people when he was robbing banks, and the songs give a very favorable account of who he was Many of the verses of the songs actually capture reality and describe what happened in a way that no other account does, but that’s not always the case Often the songs describe characters who were a lot better or worse (depending on the situation) than the person actually was So the songs can ’ t be taken as the last word or a necessarily true account of some individual It was interesting to pick the verses that I included in the text because there are often different interpretations of the events by different people I tried to pick verses that were historically accurate and that would describe what happened rather than just provide one point of view or another, but you can ’ t always do that; the songwriters were going to be biased in one way or another People would make what they wanted out of these songs

S UN : Why do you think that happens in some cases?

R P : It’s hard to say The songs are e event ing the nforma, so the percent explain ere, and rate the es you hat the portray Either ubt that people known so the ave lives n After people hinking at hapo Jesse a ceroint in they’re hinking ut Jesse mes as a aracter

W h e n ou hear ords to r heart as murand he for his

S UN : I got the sense that when a writer didn t have the full story to round out the song ’ s edges, they injected their own personal and cultural views into it Which I guess is why folk music is important: it serves as a vessel for cultural views

R P : In fact, the Jesse James song ends with “This song was made / By Billy Gashade / As soon as the news did arrive ” The person who supposedly wrote the song put himself into it! Sometimes there was good evidence and the

song could be based on that, but sometimes people made it up They would have heard the story but then write their versions of events often exaggerating some facts and minimizing others And so you can find verses that just spin tales and are not true to what happened But they’re songs, and songs aren ’ t meant to be accurate historical documents They’re inventions They may not be true to the actual events but they express something of the singer’s feelings and the community’s feelings as well It’s very rare that you’ll find a folk song that expresses some i d i o s y n c r a t i c view; often these songs represent community values and the values of a society That’s why they’re sung year after year; lots of music that was once sung during WWII people don’t sing those songs anymore These songs people still sing even today there are many thousands of people still discussing these songs; you can lose yourself in discussion of these events

“You can find verses that just spin tales and are not true to what happened. Buy they’re songs, and songs aren’t meant to be accurate historical documents. They’re inventions ” Richard Polenberg

SU N: I guess that could be one reason as to why these songs are enduringly important They paint a picture of another America that can still affect America today

R P : That’s true There were coal mine accidents, there were violent flare-ups because of strikes and labor experiences, there were race issues and issues with prison conditions A lot of unfortunate things ended up happening, but the thread is that all of these events had songs that were written about them! There’s something about singing about a tragic event that makes it easier for an individual to come to terms with it When you sing a song about prison conditions, or the titanic going down, or labor strife, people aren ’ t glum or sad or depressed or unhappy With the singing of the song there is a release of energy and pent-up emotion It allows the singer to come to terms with and transcend any number of terrible events Even 100 years later, the singing of these songs allows people to cope with things that have happened in the past and things that are still happening There can be a cathartic experience that comes with songs like these It’s one of the ways that music can have a powerful effect on people

Troy Sherman the Assistant Arts and Entertainment Editor He can be reached at arts-and-entertainment-editor@cornellsun com

On the Corner, on Our Minds: American Racism

BY GWEN AVILES Sun Staff Writer

I have a terrible memory I’ve tried writing reminders to myself on rainbow Sticky Notes, tying knotted rope around my fingers and devising mnemonic devices like EFT (Eat Food Today) to no avail Yet, my brain seems to recall perfectly my viewing of On the Corner, a Civic Ensemble show I saw right before I skipped town for Fall Break

Civic Ensemble is an Ithaca based community group that uses theater as a vehicle to educate and inform its audiences about critical cultural and sociopolitical issues The group prides itself on telling the stories of people of color, women and minorities whose experiences have yet to be fully validated and acknowledged in the world of film, television, theater and media

On the Corner written by Sarah K Chalmers and Godfrey L Simmons, Jr , was no deviation from Civic Ensemble’s commitment to social justice theater It told the story of Julian, an African American teenager, attempting to navigate his life; his youthful indecision, the death of his mother and the radical racial divisions that plague America today

In fact, On the Corner actually begins with Julian, played by Jharrel Jerome (a freshman at Ithaca College), being detained by a cop after wandering the streets of Cayuga Heights, pondering the recent death of his mother Only later is it revealed that a neighbor, Mrs Whitney, called the police on him because she thought he looked suspicious When she encounters the young, innocuous Julian and it becomes obvious that he’s not a threat, Mrs Whitney refuses to admit that there was any bias to her decision

The play doesn’t merely expose contemporary racial disparities, but a dynamic chorus of voices over time (not unlike one you would see in Oedipus Rex or Lysistrata) that takes the audience as far back as the 1700s, in order to demonstrate that these incongruences have always existed Suddenly, it is 1715 and we are witnessing an African slave trade market, where a dumbfounded Julian has traveled through time “See this boy? He’s ready for work,” the auctioneer instructs The starting amount for Julian is $100 but he winds up being sold for a mere $45 The boy’s mother (played by Sylvie Yntema, the same actress who plays Julian’s mother in consequent scenes) is distraught and sings a haunting song about losing her son

We then travel through time to 1790 and find ourselves witnessing a debate between Northerners and Southerners about slavery ’ s place in America The verdict: Slavery was ingrained in the American economy even before there was an actual Constitution

We don’t often recognize this, because we are too focused on the “strides” we have made As it is pointed out to us, Ruth Simmons became the first black president of any Ivy League Institution in 2000; Brown University’s 18th president However, we ’ re less likely to discuss the fact that Brown University was built with slave labor (or that Cornell is built on Cayuga land, for that matter)

A trip back to 2005 then teaches us that many extremely successful businesses like Tiffany & Co still reap the benefits of the free slave labor they received in their early years However, On the Corner is not simply a scathing critique of the wrongs of our past, but an unglorified acknowledgment of the hopes of our future The play discusses Wachovia CEO, Ken Thompson, who, upon discovering Wachovia’s ties to slavery in 2005 apologized: “We know that we cannot change the past, and we can ' t make up for

the wrongs of slavery” said Thompson "But we can learn from our past, and begin a stronger dialogue about slavery and the experience of African-Americans in our country ”

Another strength of On the Corner was its inclusion and respect for all perspectives In a poem that repeated by multiple members of the cast who stood among the audience, a multiplicity of ethnicities and perspectives was represented A “milky white” woman acknowledges that her skin color affords her privileges, while another woman states that her skin color makes her afraid because she “might say the wrong thing to a person of color ”

Perhaps my favorite part of the play, however, was not an aspect of the performance, but rather, the discussion that followed the production Those involved were asked to discuss how they thought these issues of racial injustice could be addressed and what our next steps should be We were encouraged to discuss our ideas to a stranger and write them on a banner

I thought this was an incredible idea because oftentimes, while we may be impacted by something upon seeing it, we forget about its message in bustle of our daily lives (Kony 2012, anyone?) The discussion following the play addressed this idea, reconfirming that this is something we need to be actively thinking about something that we don’t have the luxur y to forget among life’s many banalities How can someone like me help? How can someone like you help? Civic Ensemble forced me and all members to become implicated in the racial divisions and aggressions embedded in our society

Gwen Aviles is a junior in the College of Arts and Sciences She can be reached at gaviles@cornellsun com

Sun Sudoku

Volleyball Drops Two Contests on Weekend

Game at Sacred Heart Causes Injury to Hagy

Sophomore Sweet tapped as replacement

A rc h e r a l s o s a i d t h a t i f Ha g y i s u n a b l e t o p l a y n e x t we e k a g a i n s t Brow n , t h e n Swe e t w i l l “ p i c k i t u p ” T h e r u n n i n g b a c k s i t u a t i o

www.cornellsun.com

Theo Epstein Saved Both Red Sox, Cubs

SHATZMAN

Continued from page 16

Guys like Pedro Martinez, Nomar Garciaparra and Manny Ramirez were notable players, and the team was competitive, but Epstein made moves that elevated Boston from competitive to elite with a decade-long span of dominance that is still felt in post-Epstein

Boston

Two months into Epstein’s tenure, the Red Sox signed a power hitter named David Ortiz

The Twins had tried to trade Ortiz after injur y problems and mediocre production, but released him instead, unable to find a trade suitor In Boston’s two championship seasons under Epstein, Ortiz hit 301 with 41 HR and 332 with 35 HR With the Red Sox, Ortiz has won three World Series titles, made nine All-Star Games, and just last month, he became the 27th member of the 500 HR club

Epstein also acquired Cy-Young candidate Curt Schilling in exchange for four players who went on to make a combined zero AllStar games Schilling helped lead the Sox to two titles, winning three games in four starts in both the ’04 and ’07 post-seasons Epstein hired Terry Francona and drafted both ’08 MVP Dustin Pedroia and Jacoby Ellsbury, among others

The hometown kid brought baseball glory back to Beantown

The 86-year drought was the second-longest titleless streak in baseball when it ended in ’04, second to the Chicago Cubs The Cubs last won the Fall Classic in 1908, when their ace was Mordecai “Three Finger” Brown Yikes The Cubs haven’t won a title in 107 years and haven’t appeared in a World Series since

1945 There’s the Curse of the Billy Goat There’s Steve Bartman There’s Steve Bartman’s turtleneck It’s been a tough century for the Cubbies

But in October of 2011, Theo Epstein resigned from the Red Sox and became the President of Baseball Operations for yes the Chicago Cubs What Epstein has done in Chicago may ultimately top his achievements in Boston

Epstein has transformed the Cubs from a team of declining veterans like Aramis Ramirez and Alfonso Soriano, to a team full of so many young stars that nine spots on the diamond isn’t enough

Epstein has established himself as one of the most influential executives in professional sports

for them all Not to mention that they’re in the NLCS right now playing the Mets, fighting for a trip to the Fall Classic

Nearly every single player on the Cubs post-season roster was either signed, traded for or drafted under Epstein in the last couple of years It’s remarkable The Cubs traded practically nothing Scott Feldman and Steve Clevinger for the best starting pitcher in the league today, Jake Arrieta Like David Ortiz with the Twins, Epstein acquired Arrieta when he was a struggling arm with potential in Baltimore The Cubs traded for Anthony Rizzo, Addison Russell, Kyle Hendricks, Dexter Fowler, Miguel Montero, Austin Jackson and others They signed both Jon Lester and Jason Hammel in the offseason Chicago drafted Kris Bryant and Kyle Schwarber, 23 years old and 22 years old, respectively, who are two of the best young hitters in the league You know their shutdown closer Hector Rondon? The Cubs signed him off of waivers in 2012

Epstein’s eye for talent is impeccable Not only do his teams continue to acquire top players, but they do so while giving away next-to-nothing Epstein has a knack for determining player value and finding players who can contribute to a winning team

When the Red Sox hired Epstein at age 28, he said he wanted to “ turn the Red Sox into a scouting and player-development machine ” He succeeded in Boston, and now he is flourishing in Chicago

At 41, Epstein has established himself as among the most influential executives in professional sports and his success is a testament to the idea that executives can have a significant effect on team success A brilliant mind like Epstein can be the key to a winning franchise There is more to sports than what we see on television Theo Epstein brought winning baseball back to Boston It’s only a matter of time until the Cubs raise the long-awaited banner, too

Ben Shatzman is a senior in the College of Arts and Sciences He can be contacted at bshatzman@cornellsun com Calling the Shatz appears every Monday this semester

Sweet Steps In After Hagy Receives Blow to the Head

Cornell loses yet another running back to head injury after Walker sits out weekend with concussion

By ADAM BRONFIN Sun Assistant Sports Editor

FA I R F I E L D , C o n n Fo r f o u r we e k s t h i s s e a s o n ,

Lu k e Ha g y w a s C o r n e l l f o o t b a l l’s r u s h i n g a t t a c k T h e

s e n i o r r u n n i n g b a c k a m a s s e d 3 7 6 r u s h i n g i n t h e f i r s t f o u r g a m e s o f t h e s e a s o n a n d a g a i n s t Sa c re d He a r t , i t l o o k e d l i k e t h e t re n d o f f e e d i n g Ha g y t h e b a l l ove r 1 5 t i m e s p e r g a m e w o u l d c o n t i n u e Bu t a f t e r h i t t i n g h i s h e a d o n h i s f i r s t c a r r y o f t h e g a m e , Ha g y l e f t t h e g a m e

a n d w o u l d n o t re t u r n Fre s h m a n r u n n i n g b a c k C h r i s Wa l k e r d i d n o t m a k e

t h e t r i p t o C o n n e c t i c u t d u e t o a c o n c u s s i o n o f h i s ow n ,

s o t h e r u s h i n g d u t i e s f e l l t o s o p h o m o re Jo s h Swe e t

Swe e t h a d s e e n m i n i m a l p l a y t i m e i n a l l f o u r g a m e s

“The

offensive line blocked their tails off. They did a great job [Saturday].” J

l e a d i n g u p t o t h e c l a s h a g a i n s t Sa c re d He a r t , e a r n i n g 1 7 y a rd s o n s i x t o t a l c a r r i e s A s a f re s hm a n l a s t y e a r, Sw e e t c o l l e c t e d 9 6 y a rd s i n s e ve n g a m e s “ I w a s n ’ t e x p e c t i n g t o g e t t h a t m u c h t i m e , ” Swe e t s a i d “ Lu k e i s o u r g u y, b u t h e we n t d ow n , a n d o bv i o u s l y, h e i s i r re -

p l a c e a b l e He’s a s t a r He’s t h e b e s t r u n n i n g b a c k i n t h e

Iv y L e a g u e To u g h s h o e s t o f i l l , b u t I d i d m y b e s t a n d

I ’ m g o i n g t o l o o k a t t h e f i l m t o s e e w h e re I c a n i m p rove , w h e re we a l l c a n i m p rove ”

T h e s o p h o m o re u s e d h i s h a rd r u n n i n g s t y l e t o p i c k

u p 8 0 y a rd s o n 2 2 c a r r i e s T h e re we re s e ve r a l t i m e s w h e n h e l o o k e d l i k e t h e m a n h e w a s b a c k i n g u p, p owe ri n g p a s t Sa c re d He a r t d e f e n d e r s t o a n u m b e r o f s t ro n g r u n s b e t we e n t h e t a c k l e s , t h a n k s t o a n ove r a l l p o s i t i ve

e f f o r t f ro m t h e o f f e n s i ve l i n e Bu t a t o t h e r t i m e s , h e l a c k e d e n o u g h p owe r t o g e t p a s t Sa c re d He a r t d e f e n d e r s a n d w a s g e n e r a l l y w r a p p e d u p a t t h e l i n e o f s c r i m m a g e t h ro u g h o u t t h e g a m e “ T h e o f f e n s i ve l i n e b l o c k e d t h e i r t a i l s o f f, ” Swe e t

s a i d “ T h e y d i d a g re a t j o b [ Sa t u rd a y ] s o m e t i m e s i t d i d n ’ t s h ow b e c a u s e I m a d e t h e w ro n g c u t So m e t i m e s w h e n I m a d e t h e r i g h t c u t i t w a s t h e re a n d we m a d e a g re a t p l a y, s o I g o t t o d o a b e t t e r j o b o f m a k i n g s u re t h a t I h i t t h e r i g h t h o l e a n d m a k e s u re t h a t t h e y ’ re g e t t i n g

s o m e o f t h e g l o r y a s we l l ” In t h e Re d’s f i r s t d r i ve o f t h e s e c o n d h a l f, Swe e t t o o k t h e h a n d o f f a t t h e 1 5 - y a rd - l i n e a n d d o d g e d h i s w a y 1 4

Sweet escape | Sophomore Josh Sweet, pictured above, stepped in as running back when senior Luke Hagy had to come out of Saturday’s game due to a head injury He was able to pick up 80 yard on 22 carries

y a rd s b e f o re b e i n g b ro u g h t d ow n j u s t s h y o f t h e e n d zo n e A s h e w a s t a c k l e d , t h e b a l l b e c a m e d i s l o d g e d a n d a Sa c re d He a r t d e f e n d e r s c o o p e d i t u p i n t h e e n d zo n e

T h e Pi o n e e r s w o u l d g o o n t o s c o re a t o u c h d ow n , p u t t i n g t h e Re d d ow n , 2 3 - 6 T h e re w a s s o m e c o n f u s i o n a s t o w h e t h e r o r n o t Swe e t w a s d ow n o r i f t h e b a l l h a d c ro s s e d t h e p l a n e , b u t t h e f i n a l d e c i s i o n f ro m t h e re f e re e s w a s t h a t t h e b a l l w a s s t r i p p e d b e f o re Swe e t ’ s k n e e h i t t h e g ro u n d

“ It w a s a t o u g h c a l l , ” Swe e t s a i d “ We we re r u n n i n g i n s i d e zo n e , a n d I c u t i t b a c k a n d I s a w t h e e n d zo n e I g o t c a u g h t f ro m b e h i n d a n d I f e l t l i k e m y k n e e w a s d ow n , b u t re g a rd l e s s I c a n ’ t l e t t h e b a l l s l i p o u t , I c a n ’ t e ve n m a k e i t a c a l l f o r t h e re f, s o I g o t t o d o a b e t t e r j o b

o f h o l d i n g i t h i g h a n d t i g h t a n d s o m e t i m e s t h e re f ’ s c a l l j u s t d o e s n ’ t g o yo u r w a y ” T h e r u n c o u l d h a ve b e e n Swe e t ’ s s e c o n d t o u c h d ow n o f t h e d a y ; h i s f i r s t w a s a t h re e - y a rd p u n c h t h a t c a m e i n t h e s e c o n d q u a r t e r t h a t b ro u g h t C o r n e l l b a c k w i t h i n f o u r

Adam Bronfin can be reached at abronfin@cornellsun com

Rowers Take 22nd Place at Annual Head of the Charles Race

Team races against 31 other squads from around the world, including rst place California

By JOSHUA SOMMERS Sun Contributor

On Sunday, the women ’ s rowing team competed in the 51st Head of the Charles re g a t t a i n C a m b r i d g e , Ma s s a c h u s e t t s Cornell, along with 31 other competitors representing colleges around the world, raced five kilometers along the cur vy Charles River and finished with a time of 17:23 990, good for a 22nd place finish “ We did not have our best perform a n c e , ” s a i d h e a d c o a c h El i z a b e t h Dennison, “In this deep and competitive f i e l d , w e n e e d t o p e r f o r m o u r b e s t Though this was certainly not due to lack of effort from the athletes ”

Standing in the way of the team ’ s goals for this race was intense competition, including the Red’s Ivy League rivals and other strong teams, such as last season ’ s N C A A r u n n e r - u p, Un i v e r s i t y

s momentum into the 2015-16 season with a first place finishing time of 15:58 626 on Sunday

In addition to the opposition, the conditions at the Head of the Charles made a high finish no easy task for the Red “ The Charles is [a] cur vy and challenging course for the coxswain to navigate, both with bridges, turns and other crews, ” Dennison said “Our coxswain did a great job navigating the course, but the distrac-

tions at times got the better of the crew ”

While temperatures were cold – in the lower 40s Dennison also said a persistent headwind presented the Red with yet another challenge Sunday’s result might have been less than ideal for the team, but it is only the Red’s first fall race and the team still has its entire spring NCAA schedule ahead of it There is good reason for optimism, and senior captain Theodora Misthos looked at the Red’s race as a learning opportunity “ We had a strong race and have identified some things that we can focus on to gain speed over the next two weeks for the Princeton Chase,” she said Misthos explained that the team has

grown in size and as a result, she feels confident that the squad can excel both this fall, and in the spring

“Our team is bigger than it has been for years and we ’ re really excited about the new talent,” she said “It has resulted in healthy competition that’s raising the bar ” Dennison echoed Misthos’ belief in the team, citing determination and commitment as two of the things that will help it succeed

“ The athletes are extremely determined and ver y hardworking,” Dennison said “ The commitment they have to excellence and to each other will ser ve them well We learn from ever y race and practice and will work to keep getting faster each day, staying focused on the process ”

As the Red moves on from Sunday’s race, it now focuses its attention on the Princeton Chase, which will take place on Nov 1 There, the Red looks to convert its potential into a fast time and a stronger finish relative to the competition

“Our goal is to establish ourselves as competitive contenders within the Ivy League at the Princeton Chase,” Misthos said “[ We hope to] end the fall season on a positive note ”

Joshua Sommers can be reached at js2777@cornell edu

Red Secures Third Place in Ivy Standings

By KEITH BOLLT Sun Staff Writer

“They came together on the road [and] on the turf,” said women ’ s soccer head coach

ence standings with just three games to go

“We had much better patience,” Farmer said in praise of his team ’ s offense “The best possession game all year ”

Epstein’s Eye

For Talent

h e Ya l e Da i l y Ne w s w a s t h e yo u n g e s t G M i n b a s e b a l l h i s t o r y T h e l a s t t i m e t h e Re d Sox h a d w o n t h e

Wo r l d Se r i e s b e f o re Ep s t e i n w a s h i re d , t h e

s e a s o n w a s c u t s h o r t b e c a u s e o f Wo r l d Wa r I T h a t w a s 1 9 1 8 T h e n e x t e i g h t d e c a d e s b e c a m e a n i g h t m a re f o r Sox f a n s Vi n

S c u l l y ’ s “ It g e t s t h ro u g h Bu c k n e r ” w a s t o

The game-winning goal, scored by junior midfielder Elizabeth Crowell, broke up a three scoreless streak for the Red co-captain and defender/midShanay Fischer agreed with that Cornell’s offense was improved on Saturday She e team has been focused on more aggressive offensively ur attitude offensively has mproving”, she said late Yogi Berra and Earl Weaver liked to boast, “We eep depth ” Indeed, eight different Red players have at least one goal so far this season At the same time, me winner on Saturday was tallied by the Red’s leader s and points, Crowell Farmer said he believes striking ce between depth and a few go-to scorers is important hink you have to have both,” he said “You have to ne or two primary scorers We got contributions 9 players [on Saturday] ” the defensive side of things, Cornell completed its hutout in 14 games Senior co-captain and defender tte Tate said the Red’s defense is playing well together “We did let up some corners, ” she said “[But] we ’ ve been getting better [at playing as a] unit ” Farmer said he was impressed with the way the Red handled defending one of Yale’s top scoring

players

“They have a very good freshman [and we] communicated well defensively,” he said “[We] weren ’ t intimidated and [the team] did a very good job with her ” Tate explained that Yale changed its positional arrangement late in the game in an attempt to even the score As a result, the Red’s defense had to fend off extra Bulldog attackers in the match’s closing minutes

“You have to have one or two primary scorers ... We got contributions from 19 players.”

Farmer, Tate and Fischer all agreed that the 1-0 score was indicative of how both teams played Farmer explained that both teams had their strong moments, with Yale earning chances to score that it was just not able to capitalize on

While Cornell is now in third place in its conference, the team has not typically been competitive against its Ivy opponents in previous years

“You want to be able to play for something to the last day of the season, ” Farmer said “It changes your vision of what you ’ re trying to do We hope Princeton beats Harvard and that we ’ re able to beat Princeton ”

Tate explained how it has been a long process from her freshman year to get Cornell women ’ s soccer to where it is now

“It’s great to see the program move in this direction,” she said

Women Drop Two to Crimson and Green

By OLIVIA MATTYASOVSZKY Sun Staff Writer

w h a t t h e f re s h m e n a re u s e d t o , b u t I f e e l t h a t we h a ve f i g u re d o u t w h a t we n e e d t o c o m p e t e a t t h i s l e v e l , ” S g a n d e r l l a s a i d “ T h e re t u r n e r s t o t h e t e a m h a ve a l s o h e l p e d u s o u t t re m e n -

d o u s l y a n d t h a t h a s m a d e t h e t r a n s i -

t i o n e a s i e r ” Ju n i o r A l y s s a Ph e l p s e x p l a i n e d t h a t

t h e t e a m ’ s l o s s c a m e f ro m b e i n g o n e s t e p b e h i n d t h e Gre e n “ On Fr i d a y we s t a r t e d o f f s t ro n g

a n d a l o t o f e n e r g y b u t t h ro u g h o u t t h e

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