Caminhos para a inovação: em busca de um novo paradigma para a formação de engenheiros

&2/81$

&DPLQKRV SDUD D LQRYD¸¶R HP EXVFD GH XP QRYR SDUDGLJPD SDUD D IRUPD¸¶R GH (QJHQKHLURV |,QRYD¸¶R} WRUQRX VH XPD SDODYUD FKDYH LQFRQ WRUQ²YHO QRV QRVVRV WHPSRV XE½TXD QRV GLVFXUVRV GDV SRO½WLFDV PLQLVWHULDLV QDV SUHRFXSD¸Ã†HV GH HPSUHV²ULRV H WDPE¹P M² QRV RUJDQLVPRV GH HGXFD¸¶R H IRUPD¸¶R $ SDU GHVWD QRYD EX]]ZRUG VXUJH DVVRFLDGD XPD RXWUD GHVLJQDGD GH |(PSUHHQGHGRU} H TXH DW¹ OHYRX XOWLPDPHQWH ³ LQWURGX¸¶R GH |(PSUHHQGHGRULVPR} FRPR GLV FLSOLQD 8QLYHUVLW²ULD HP PXLWRV FXUVRV D GLYHUVRV Q½YHLV GH IRUPD¸¶R 2 3URIHVVRU 6RXPRGLS 6DUNDU UHFRQKHFLGR SHORV VHXV HVWXGRV QD ²UHD GD LQRYD¸¶R SURIHULX UHFHQ WHPHQWH XPD LQWHUHVVDQWH SDOHVWUD RQGH DILUPRX TXH |,QRYDGRU} H |(PSUHHQGHGRU} V¶R FRQFHLWRV GH VLJQLILFDGR LG»QWLFR GDGD D IRUPD W¶R ½QWLPD FRPR HVW¶R UHODFLRQDGDV ([SOLFRX DLQGD R 3URI 6DUNDU TXH D LQRYD¸¶R SRGH VHU YLVWD FRPR XPD FDL[D QHJUD TXH WHP WRGR XP FRQMXQWR GH HQWUD GDV PDV GD TXDO GHVWDFRX DV VD½GDV TXH V¶R RV |UHVXOWDGRV} H D |VXVWHQWDELOLGDGH} LQJUHGLHQWHV SDUD D FULD¸¶R GH ULTXH]D QDV VXDV GLYHUVDV DFHS¸Ã†HV FODUR 3RUWDQWR LQRYD¸¶R ¹ PDLV GR TXH FULDWLYLGDGH ¹ WDPE¹P VXVWHQWDELOLGDGH H DTXL HVWDU² XP SRQWR IXOFUDO GR FRQFHLWR (VWD GHVFUL¸¶R FRUURERUD VH FRP DOJR TXH VH SÄGH RXYLU UHFHQWHPHQWH YLQGR GH XP DUJXHQWH GH XPDV SURYDV GH $JUHJD¸¶R HP (QJHQKDULD D SURSÂVLWR GRV LQGLFDGRUHV GH SURGXWLYLGDGH FLHQW½ILFD PRU PHQWH QR TXH UHVSHLWD DV SDWHQWHV |4XDO D UHDO YDOLD GR UHJLVWR GH XPD SDWHQWH"} )RL R WHRU GH XPD SHUJXQWD IHLWD DR FDQGLGDWR FXMD GHPRUD QD UHVSRVWD REULJRX R LQWHUORFXWRU LPLQHQWH 3URIHVVRU &DWHGU²WLFR GD $FDGHPLD 3RUWXJXHVD D SUHFLSLWDU XPD H[SUHVV¶R OLPLQDU FRPR |'LQKHLUR PHX FDUR 'LQKHLUR } &RPSOHPHQWRX DLQGD TXH VH XPD SDWHQWH Q¶R HVWLYHU DVVRFLDGD D UHQWDELOLGDGH HFRQÂPLFD HQW¶R Q¶R SDVVDU² GH PHUD YDLGDGH

3URI 9LWRU 0 )HUUHLUD GRV 6DQWRV 8QLYHUVLGDGH GH $YHLUR 'HS GH (QJHQKDULD 0HF´QLFD

DVVRODU R TXH ¹ LPSUHVFLQG½YHO SDUD VH FRQVHJXLU ID]HU LQRYD¸¶R" 4XHP WHP HVVD UHVSRQVDELOLGDGH QD 6RFLHGDGH" 4XH LQVWUXPHQWRV H[LVWHP SDUD SURPRYHU D LQRYD¸¶R" (VWD DQ²OLVH VHU² IRFDGD QD (QJHQKDULD FRPR DFWLYLGDGH TXH HQJORED PXLWDV DFWLYLGDGHV SURGXWLYDV H GH VHUYL¸RV PDV SURYDYHOPHQWH SRGHU² VHU HVWHQGLGD D RXWUDV IUHQWHV GD DFWLYLGDGH VRFLDO 2V HVWXGDQWHV GH (QJHQKDULD V¶R R SRQWR GH SDUWLGD $ VXD IRUPD¸¶R GHYH VHU FRQVLVWHQWH H UHVLVWHQWH ³V SHTXHQDV PXWD¸Ã†HV H HYROX¸Ã†HV WHFQROÂJLFDV ,VWR TXHU GL]HU TXH GHYHP VDEHU DV FDXVDV SULPHLUDV H RV FRQFHLWRV H SULQF½SLRV GRV IHQÂPHQRV H HYHQWRV TXH HVWXGDP SRUTXH HVVHV VHU¶R SHUHQHV ,VVR LQFOXL R FRQKHFLPHQWR FLHQW½ILFR WHÂULFR H[SHULPHQWDO H DW¹ KLVWÂULFR GRV DVVXQWRV ¹ R SDUDGLJPD JHUDO GR (QVLQR 8QLYHU VLW²ULR 0DV HVWH SHUFXUVR UHTXHU DPDGXUHFLPHQWR H SURJUHVVR FRQVROLGDGR ORJR WHPSR &RPH¸D DTXL XP SUREOHPD TXH ¹ D H[LJ»QFLD DFWXDO GH UHVXOWD GRV U²SLGRV QD IRUPD¸¶R SDUD XPD PDLV |EHP VXFHGLGD} H HILFLHQWH HPSUHJDELOLGDGH ® VDELGR TXH D 'HFODUD¸¶R GH %RORQKD WHP D LQWHQ¸¶R GH XQLIRUPL]DU DV IRUPD¸Ã†HV GH (QVLQR 6XSHULRU HP WRGD D (XURSD R UHVXOWDGR GHVVD LQWHQ¸¶R V R VDEHUHPRV GDTXL D XQV DQRV PDV R TXH ¹ ÂEYLR SDUD M² ¹ TXH FRUUH R ULVFR GH GLPLQXLU RV WHPSRV GH IRUPD¸¶R GD PDLRULD GRV QRVVRV HVWXGDQWHV RV OLFHQFLDGRV SRUWDQWR FRP |OLFHQ¸D} UHFRQKHFL PHQWR RILFLDO SDUD H[HUFHU XPD DFWLYLGDGH SURILV VLRQDO FRQVHJXHP HVVH HVWDWXWR DR ILP GH DQRV GH IRUPD¸¶R IDFH DRV FO²VVLFRV ( Q¶R VDEHPRV DLQGD VH DGLDQWD RIHUHFHU DRV HVWXGDQWHV VHJXQGRV H WHUFHLURV FLFORV GH HVWXGRV SDUD FROPDWDU R PHQRU WHPSR GH IRUPD¸¶R +² XP UHFHLR LQVWDODGR TXH DOJXQV HVWXGDQWHV |IXMDP} SDUD R PHUFDGR GH WUDEDOKR DR ILP GH DQRV H W»P D OHJLWLPLGDGH SDUD R ID]HU 6H R WHPSR GH IRUPD¸¶R VHU² PHQRU HP P¹GLD HQW¶R D HILFL»QFLD GH IRUPD¸¶R WHP

GH VHU PDLRU SDUD TXH Q¶R KDMD XPD UHGX¸¶R GRV SDGUÆHV GH IRUPD¸¶R DFWXDLV 'LOHPD GRV GLOHPDV 0HQRV WHPSR PDV PDLV IRU PD¸¶R 0DV VHU² PHVPR DVVLP" 3DUD VH YLU D ID]HU LQRYD¸¶R ¹ LPSUHVFLQG½YHO VDEHU RX FRQKHFHU R TXH H[LVWH H R TXH OKH VHUYH GH EDVH 1D IRUPD¸¶R 8QLYHUVLW²ULD M² IRL UHIHULGR R TXH LVVR LPSOLFD 3RU H[HPSOR H VHJXLQGR HVVD OÂJLFD HP UREÂWLFD GH PDQLSXOD¸¶R ¹ SUHIHU½YHO DSUHQGHU D FLQHP²WLFD H D GLQ´PLFD GH PDQLSXODGRUHV D DSUHQGHU |D QX} XPD TXDOTXHU OLQJXDJHP GH SURJUDPD¸¶R GH PDQLSXODGRUHV ® FODUR TXH QXPD HFRQRPLD GH HVIRU¸R PXLWRV HVWXGDQWHV WDOYH] SUHIHULVVHP YHU XP SHTXHQR SUREOHPD GH SDOHWL]D¸¶R GH FDL[DV GH FKRFRODWHV D VHU UHVROYLGR FRP PHLD GÇ]LD GH OLQKDV GH FÂGLJR GR TXH WHU GH FDOFXODU RV ELQ²ULRV QRV PRWRUHV QDV MXQWDV SDUD VH FHUWLILFDU TXH R UREÄ SRGH ID]HU RV PRYLPHQWRV FRP D H[DFWLG¶R QHFHVV²ULD 6 TXH GHVVH PRGR SRGHU¶R WHU XP SUREOHPD TXH Q¶R VDEHU¶R FRPSUHHQGHU RX SUHYHU XP GLD TXDQGR VH HP YH] GH FDL[DV GH FKRFRODWHV WLYHUHP GH SDOHWL]DU EORFRV GH FLPHQWR FRP R PHVPR PDQLSXODGRU 3RGHU¶R DUJXPHQWDU |1¶R G² " (QW¶R FRPSUD VH XP UREÄ PDLRU } 3RLV HVVD ¹ D VROX¸¶R LPHGLDWD SRU WHU UHVXOWDGRV LPH GLDWRV PDV Q¶R VHU² XPD DWLWXGH VXVWHQW²YHO H SRUWDQWR QDGD LQRYDGRUD 2X VHMD SDUD VH LQRYDU WHP GH VH GHWHU DV IRUPD¸Ã†HV IXQGDPHQWDLV GH |EDQGD ODUJD} QXP FXUVR GH (QJHQKDULD 4XDQGR D &110RQH\ D %XVLQHVV H D )RUWXQH YDWLFL QDUDP TXH XP GRV FLQFR QRY½VVLPRV HPSUHJRV GR IXWXUR SUÂ[LPR VHU² D SURJUDPD¸¶R GH UREÄV ¹ FHUWR TXH Q¶R VH SHQVH TXH EDVWDU² DSHQDV FRQKHFHU XPD OLQJXDJHP GH SURJUDPD¸¶R GH XP FHUWR FRQWURODGRU VHU² QHFHVV²ULR SHUFHEHU R FRQ WURODGRU H RV SULQF½SLRV TXH OKH HVW¶R VXEMDFHQWHV H DVVLP HVWDU² R HQJHQKHLUR SURJUDPDGRU DSWR D PXGDU GH PDUFD GH UREÄV H GH SDWU¶R D TXDOTXHU DOWXUD GD VXD YLGD SURILVVLRQDO

!!!! (P VXPD SHUDQWH HVWHV H RXWURV LQGLFDGRUHV H GHILQL¸Ã†HV LQRYD¸¶R LPSOLFD VXVWHQWDELOLGDGH Q¶R SRGH VHU V DSDU»QFLD RX UHVXOWDGR SURPLVVRU RV IUXWRV GD LQRYD¸¶R W»P GH IXQFLRQDU H W»P GH WHU LQWHUHVVH SDUD XP QÇPHUR VXILFLHQWH GH SHVVRDV $VVXPLQGR TXH GH IDFWR D LQRYD¸¶R ¹ LQJUHGLHQWH LQGLVSHQV²YHO SDUD R SURJUHVVR GD VRFLHGDGH H GD &LYLOL]D¸¶R HP JHUDO WU»V SUHRFXSD¸Ã†HV QRV SRGHP

> @

UREËWLFD