As explained by Chaofeng Liu, the fight against cancer has entered an era where numbers, probabilities, and data-driven insights are as critical as the laboratory experiments themselves. Statistics, once viewed as background tools, have now become the backbone of cancer drug development, guiding decisions from the earliest stages of research to the approval of life-saving treatments. Without robust statistical frameworks, the complexity of cancer biology and the unpredictability of patient responses would leave researchers navigating in the dark.