1) Brief history of tourism . The city of Seville is one of the urban tourist destinations that are more important in Spain, althought we can see first Madrid and second Barcelona. What we can find in Seville is a urban tourism, interested in visiting the most interesting sites, since the urban structure, avenues, squares, etc. Seville started to be known touristically so: -
1492, when the city started to be the Puerto de Indias (it was the main link with America). It started to be visited by so many countries and new continents. This date is key due to the tourism.
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The 16th is important due to the construction of so many important buildings like the Cathedral, the Indian Archive the towerbell of La Giralda, etc.
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Washington Irving (1783-1859). His visit in 1828 to Seville and the later publication of his famous book “Tales from the Alhambra” contibuted to attract the American tourism.
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The international travelers of the 19th century. Along the Modern Age, and due to the vitality of its maritim traffic, Seville and Cádiz were two of the most visited Iberian cities by foreign travelers.
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20th century: Ibero-American Exhibition of 1929. This important event attracted so many tourists, the city improved its economy and so many hotels and tourist establishments started to be built.
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1987. The UNESCO declared as Cultural Heritage of the Humanity the Cathedral and the Giralda, the Reales Alcázares and the Indian Archive, what became to attract cultural tourism.
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1992. The most important event in its history was the International Exhibition of 1992, commemorating the 5th centenary of America’s Discovery.
1.1) Economic effects of tourism Now, we will speak about the economy. As a key date, we will start in 1992 (the year that gave to Seville a great economic and urbanistic impulse).
In this subject, is important the “Encuesta Expo 92”, developed by the Dirección General de Turismo de la Junta de Andalucía. Due to its results:
Indican que “el 84,9% de las personas que visitaron Sevilla durante la Exposición ,el 70,8% de los encuestados afirmaron que el motivo de su visita a Sevilla era exclusivamente conocer la exposición. From the 84,9% of people visiting Seville during the Expo, the 70,8% said that their real motivation was knowing only the exhibition (Secretaría General de Economía, Consejería de Economía y Hacienda, Junta de Andalucía, 1993, p. 42) and a 34,9% said to stay more than 6 days and, respect to the average expense per person and day, nearly half of the interviewed (40,90%) declared to have spent between 10.000 and 20.000 pesetas (“Encuesta Expo” Dirección General de Turismo Junta de Andalucía).
The most important success of the Expo was the urban transformation of the city. 1. New bridges like the Alamillo above Guadalquivir river. 2. Barqueta’s bridge. 3. The airport’s expansion. 4. The first Spanish high speed train. 5. An enormous metropolitan park, a new highways network like the SE-30 highway or the ring round of Seville. 6. Nuevos touroperadores,agencias de viajes New tour operators and travel agencies. In 2011, with the arriving of 2.238.852 tourists, the highest number of visits was registered. These numbers were exceeded along 1992.
Due to the intention of selling Seville as a modern city and one of the main Andalusian points of services and business (specially since 1992), the Delegación de Turismo has developed so many strategies in order to cover different areas in this item. A good example is the construction of the Palace of Congress (1991) and the Sevilla Congress & Convention Bureau (what made Seville to be prommoted as a congress & conventions tourism (also behind Madrid and Barcelona). Also we can speak here about the development of the urban transport with examples like the construction of the metro (stopped in the 80s) and the trolley that traverses the centre, as well as the lane drawing that goes over the city practically.
2. From the cultural point of view We must notice that the vocational training that we have thanks to the Delegación de Educación at the Hospitality and Tourism schools is not the same as 20 years ago. As a main objective, it has every strategy of improvement speaking about technological development and life improvement. So, if we don’t have the required and precise training, we’ll put in danger our results. Referring to the Tourist Field, it hadn’t so much importance in the vocational training (hardly there were schools where to study toutism). This field where so much unknowned (with the tourist word, people defined a great hotel service and what it carried), but the tourist field was ignored in itself. Since the tourist development, even there’s more demand of qualified professionals, so there’s more demand of studies related with this field. This improvement is due to the reason that our country required more qualified professionals and with a good level since the beginning of its tourist development. Seville is the Andalusian capital. If we speak about the kind of tourist that visit Seville, we’d notice that it is a tourist influenced by the Sevillian culture, monuments and traditions. Since more than 20 years ago, most of the tourists that came generally to Spain wanted to visit Seville (some of them influenced by the Expo and others by its monuments and so many more resources). In the case of Seville, we can perceive an evolution with less distortion (it is an interior province) and, as it doesn’t have beaches, it attracts other kind of tourists with another objectives; cultural tourism is one of the most important and growing pillars in this sector in Seville: 1. Cultural and leisure heritage: we find the district of Santa Cruz, the Giralda, the Torre del Oro, the Cathedral and the Royal Alcazar, some of them were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987. 2. Festivities and traditions: since a long time ago, it is a wellknown city due to is religious festivities that attract so many millions of visitors and is still doing it, like: A. The Eastern that allows to enjoy a monumental richness on its streets. Also it is an important income of 20.000 millions of euros to the city. B. Every year, the April trade is a celebration of hapiness and folklore. 3. Tourism and sport: we're talking about a city with two top-notch soccer teams specific shows such as the 2004 Davis Cup final, the 1999 World Athletics Championships, the stages of the cycling round to Spain or the 2004 Golf World Cup. They are also important events which brought a high number of tourists with a love of sports. 4. Gastronomy: the attractive gastronomic set of the city that gives a positive image together with its cultural attraction, hospitality, climate, life. 5. Trade and crafts: artisanal activities such as, the wealth of its products, ceramics, iron design, member and esparto objects, textile crafts. The employment that it generates and the soils that it occupies compete with other activities, generating "different" economic development models.
The arrival of a good number of people with different customs, different languages, etc. produces a phenomenon of cultural influence that modifies customs among the local population, producing different behaviors
3. From the political point of view As we have already mentioned before, Seville is a city touristically developed, so it receives a good number of visitors every year. Respect to the security of twenty years ago, there was security so it was not remarkable, there were fewer conflicts, attacks, terrorism than nowadays. However, there have been times when, as in the Expo, security has had to be reinforced throughout the capital and especially in key areas such as the Cathedral, the Reales Alcรกzares, the river, the Real de la Feria and, at Eastern, the most important areas of the city. Apart from that, when important exhibitions are held, also highlights the Palace of Congress and Exhibitions of Seville (FIBES), which is on the outskirts of the city; the same could be said about the Olympic Stadium of La Cartuja. Another fact to take in count is that the development of the Schengen treaty has meant the elimination of borders in all the countries of the European Union and, as a result, Seville has been benefiting more and more from the visit of tourists from countries such as France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and Portugal. The first, above all, due to the arrival facilities in the city (such as the expansion of the airport and the creation, in 1991, of the Santa Justa train station on the outskirts of the city) and our Portuguese neighbors thanks to the elimination of the border and construction of the bridge between Vila Real de Santo Antรณnio (Faro) and Ayamonte (Huelva) in that year as well as the improvement of the road network, which takes currently from Vila Real 1h48m by car to arrive to Seville.
4. From the environmental point of view​. We must keep in mind that the Expo was the starting point of the subsequent urban reform that was made in the city. Since the city is settled on a flat ground, this has allowed (and it continues to do so) to extend beyond the borders it once had. This makes it possible to the population that were previously separated from the city (such as the residential area Parque Alcosa, in Seville-East) to be closer and closer to its limits with the city. In itself, this began to be done when the walls of Trajano Street were thrown to the Isla de La Cartuja (shortly before the Expo) and, after the event, when that land began to form part of the city. But if there has been any problem that still exists in the city, that is clearly the lack of cleanliness in some places of the same, as well as the neglect of some of its monuments and the damage caused in abandoned facilities (especially some pavilions of the Expo). The best known case is the smell of horse in certain areas of the MarĂa Luisa Park and the Real de la Feria (noticing more with the arrival of spring, when the heat begins to tighten). Also, youth events (usually) such as drinking in the street create too many flaws; areas such as Alfalfa Street, NerviĂłn,
Plaza de Armas or Torre del Oro are being seriously affected by this, which is causing protests by tenants.
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