Don't just fly. Soar
THE BIG BA
BEFORE THE BIG BANG, THE CONCEPT OF TIME AND SPACE AS WE KNOW IT DID NOT EXIST. THE UNIVERSE WAS CONTAINED IN AN INFINITELY SMALL, DENSE POINT CALLED A SINGULARITY, WHERE ALL MATTER, ENERGY, AND EVEN THE LAWS OF PHYSICS WERE COMPRESSED. THIS STATE OF EXTREME DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE IS ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO FULLY COMPREHEND, AS TRADITIONAL PHYSICS BREAK DOWN UNDER THESE CONDITIONS.
ALSO LED TO THE CREATION OF THE FIRST ELEMENTS, STARS, AND GALAXIES, SETTING THE STAGE FOR EVERYTHING IN THE COSMOS.
TIME DIALATION Dialation Time
s l o w s d o w n f o r t h e m c o m p a r e d t o s o m e o n e w h o r e m a i n s
s
p
l o w n i n
d e s c r i b i n g h o w g r a v i t y w a r p s s p a c e t i m e . N e a r e x t r e m e l y
m a s s i v e o b j e c t s l i k e b l a c k h o l e s , s p a c e t i m e i s c u r v e d
s o s t r o n g l y t h a t t i m e p a s s e s m o r e s l o w l y i n t h o s e
r e g i o n s — a p h e n o m e n o n a l s o c a l l e d g r a v i t a t i o n a l t i m e
d i l a t i o n . T h i s m e a n s i f y o u s p e n t t i m e n e a r a b l a c k
h o l e a n d r e t u r n e d t o E a r t h , m o r e t i m e w o u l d h a v e
p a s s e d f o r p e o p l e o n E a r t h t h a n f o r y o u . T i m e t r a v e l —
e s p e c i a l l y t o t h e f u t u r e — i s m a t h e m a t i c a l l y p o s s i b l e
w i t h i n t h e f r a m e w o r k o f E i n s t e i n ’ s t h e o r y o f
r e l a t i v i t y , s p e c i f i c a l l y g e n e r a l r e l a t i v i t y a n d
s p e c i a l r e l a t i v i t y . A c c o r d i n g t o s p e c i a l r e l a t i v i t y ,
t i m e i s n o t a b s o l u t e ; i t ’ s r e l a t i v e a n d d e p e n d s o n t h e
o b s e r v e r ’ s m o t i o n . I f s o m e o n e t r a v e l s c l o s e t o t h e
s p e e d o f l i g h t , t i m e s l o w s d o w n f o r t h e m c o m p a r e d t o
s o m e o n e w h o r e m a i n s s t a t i o n a r y . T h i s e f f e c t , c a l l e d
t i m e d i l a t i o n , h a s b e e n v e r i f i e d w i t h f a s t - m o v i n g
p a r t i c l e s a n d e v e n w i t h s y n c h r o n i z e d a t o m i c c l o c k s
f l o w n i n j e t s . G e n e r a l r e l a t i v i t y e x p a n d s t h i s i d e a b y
d e s c r i b i n g h o w g r a v i t y w a r p s s p a c e t i m e . N e a r e x t r e m e l y
m a s s i v e o b j e c t s l i k e b l a c k h o l e s , s p a c e t i m e i s c u r v e d
s o s t r o n g l y t h a t t i m e p a s s e s m o r e s l o w l y i n t h o s e
r e g i o n s a p h e n o m e n o n a l s o c a l l e d g r a v i t a t i o n a l t i m e
d i l a t i o n . T h i s m e a n s i f y o u s p e n t t i m e n e a r a b l a c k
h o l e a n d r e t u r n e d t o E a r t h , m o r e t i m e w o u l d h a v e
p a s s e d f o r p e o p l e o n E a r t h t h a n f o r y o u .
BLACK
B l a c k h o l e s a r e r e g i o n s i n
s p a c e w h e r e g r a v i t y i s s o
s t r o n g t h a t n o t h i n g , n o t
e v e n l i g h t , c a n e s c a p e
t h e i r p u l l . T h e y f o r m w h e n
m a s s i v e s t a r s c o l l a p s e
u n d e r t h e i r o w n g r a v i t y a t
t h e e n d o f t h e i r l i f e
c y c l e s . T h e b o u n d a r y
a r o u n d a b l a c k h o l e , k n o w n a s t h e e v e n t h o r i z o n ,
m a r k s t h e p o i n t o f n o
r e t u r n — o n c e s o m e t h i n g
c r o s s e s i t , i t c a n ’ t
e s c a p e . A t t h e c e n t e r l i e s t h e s i n g u l a r i t y , a p o i n t
w h e r e g r a v i t y i s t h o u g h t
t o b e i n f i n i t e a n d t h e
l a w s o f p h y s i c s a s w e k n o w
t h e m b r e a k d o w n .
HOLES
D e s p i t e t h e i r
i n v i s i b i l i t y , b l a c k h o l e s
c a n b e d e t e c t e d b y
o b s e r v i n g h o w t h e y a f f e c t
n e a r b y m a t t e r a n d l i g h t .
T h e y c a n p u l l i n
s u r r o u n d i n g g a s a n d s t a r s ,
h e a t i n g t h i s m a t e r i a l t o
e x t r e m e t e m p e r a t u r e s a n d
e m i t t i n g p o w e r f u l X - r a y s .
R e c e n t a d v a n c e m e n t s , l i k e
t h e E v e n t H o r i z o n
T e l e s c o p e c a p t u r i n g t h e
f i r s t i m a g e o f a b l a c k
h o l e ' s s h a d o w , h a v e
p r o v i d e d n e w i n s i g h t s i n t o
t h e s e m y s t e r i o u s c o s m i c
o b j e c t s a n d t h e i r r o l e i n
s h a p i n g g a l a x i e s a n d t h e
u n i v e r s e i t s e l f .
Q U A N T U M q u a n t u m
QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT IS A PHENOMENON IN QUANTUM PHYSICS WHERE TWO OR MORE PARTICLES BECOME INTERCONNECTED IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE STATE OF ONE PARTICLE INSTANTLY INFLUENCES THE STATE OF THE OTHER, NO MATTER HOW FAR APART THEY ARE. THIS DEFIES CLASSICAL IDEAS OF LOCALITY, WHERE AN OBJECT IS ONLY DIRECTLY INFLUENCED BY ITS IMMEDIATE SURROUNDINGS. WHEN PARTICLES ARE ENTANGLED, MEASURING A PROPERTY (LIKE SPIN OR POLARIZATION) OF ONE INSTANTLY DETERMINES THE SAME PROPERTY FOR THE OTHER, EVEN IF THEY'RE SEPARATED BY VAST DISTANCES
THIS STRANGE AND POWERFUL ASPECT OF QUANTUM MECHANICS HAS BEEN EXPERIMENTALLY CONFIRMED AND IS FUNDAMENTAL TO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LIKE QUANTUM COMPUTING AND QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY. IN QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, ENTANGLEMENT COULD ENABLE ULTRASECURE DATA TRANSMISSION, WHILE IN COMPUTING, IT MAY ALLOW FOR PROCESSING CAPABILITIES FAR BEYOND THOSE OF CLASSICAL SYSTEMS. DESPITE BEING THOROUGHLY TESTED, ENTANGLEMENT CONTINUES TO PUZZLE SCIENTISTS AND CHALLENGE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF REALITY.
E N T A N G L E M E N T e n t a n g e m e n t