HAMMERS AND NAILS
AND A WHOLE LOT MORE! SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS OCCUPATIONAL OUTLOOK HANDBOOK Information based on national statistics; job demand varies by region. The Pacific Northwest has a great demand for trade workers. Contact local trade associations, unions, apprenticeship programs and community colleges for available opportunities.
ACCOUNTANT/AUDITOR WHAT ACCOUNTANTS DO Accountants and auditors prepare and examine financial records. WORK ENVIRONMENT Most accountants and auditors work full-time. Overtime hours are typical at certain times of the year, such as at the end of the budget year or during tax season. HOW TO BECOME AN ACCOUNTANT
A bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related field is typically required to become an accountant or auditor. Completing certification in a specific field of accounting, such as becoming a licensed Certified Public Accountant (CPA), may improve job prospects. PAY The median annual wage for accountants and auditors was $81,680 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK Employment of accountants and auditors is
ARCHITECT
objectives are met.
WHAT ARCHITECTS DO Architects plan and design houses, factories, office buildings, and other structures.
HOW TO BECOME AN ARCHITECT There are typically three main steps to becoming a licensed architect: completing a professional degree in architecture, gaining relevant experience through a paid internship, and passing the Architect Registration Examination.
WORK ENVIRONMENT Architects spend much of their time in offices, where they develop plans, meet with clients, and consult with engineers and other architects. They also visit construction sites to prepare initial drawings and review the progress of projects to ensure that clients’
PAY The median annual wage for architects was $96,690 in May 2024.
BOILERMAKERS WHAT BOILERMAKERS DO Boilermakers assemble, install, and repair boilers, closed vats, and other large vessels or containers that hold liquids and gases. WORK ENVIRONMENT Boilermakers perform physically demanding and dangerous work. Many boilermakers must travel to worksites and live away from home for long periods.
BRICK & CEMENT MASONS (MASON WORKERS) WHAT MASON WORKERS DO Masonry workers, known as masons, use bricks, concrete and concrete blocks, and natural and manmade stones to build walkways, walls, and other structures. WORK ENVIRONMENT The work is physically demanding, requiring heavy lifting and long periods of standing, kneeling and bending. Most masons work full time.
projected to grow 5 percent from 2024-2034, faster than average for all occupations. About 124,200 openings for accountants and auditors are projected each year, over the decade. Quick Facts: Accountants
2024 Median Pay: $81,680 per year / $39.27 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: None Number of Jobs, 2024: 1,579,900 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 5% (faster than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 72,800
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of architects is projected to grow 4 percent from 2024 to 2034, as fast as average for all occupations. About 7,800 openings for architects are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Quick Facts: Architects
2024 Median Pay: $96,690 per year / $46.49 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Internship/residency Number of Jobs, 2024: 123,600 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 4% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 4,800
HOW TO BECOME A BOILERMAKER Most boilermakers learn their trade through an apprenticeship program.
openings for boilermakers are projected each year, on average, over the decade, to replace workers leaving the field.
PAY The median annual wage for boilermakers was $73,340 in May 2024.
Quick Facts: Boilermaker
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of boilermakers is projected to decline 2 percent from 2024 to 2034. Despite limited employment growth, about 800
HOW TO BECOME A BRICK MASON, BLOCK MASON, OR STONE MASON Masons typically need a high school diploma or equivalent and learn the trade either through an apprenticeship or on the job. PAY The median annual wage for masonry workers was $56,600 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK Employment of masonry workers is projected to grow 2 percent from 2024 to 2034. Despite
2024 Median Pay: $73,340 per year / $35.26 per hour Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship Number of Jobs, 2024: 10,400 Job Outlook, 2024-34: -2% (decline) Employment Change, 2024-34: -200
limited employment, about 20,700 openings for masonry workers are projected each year, on average, over the decade, to replace workers leaving the field. Quick Facts: Brick Mason, Block Mason, and Stone Mason 2024 Median Pay: $56,600 per year / $27.21 per hour Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship Number of Jobs, 2024: 294,300 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 2% (slower than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 5,600
2026-27 School Year // SKILLED MAGAZINE 17
BUILDING INSPECTOR WHAT CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING INSPECTORS DO Construction and building inspectors ensure that construction meets local and national building codes and ordinances, zoning regulations, and contract specifications. WORK ENVIRONMENT Construction and building inspectors spend considerable time inspecting worksites, alone or as part of a team. Some inspectors may have to climb ladders or crawl in tight spaces. Most work full time during regular business hours.
HOW TO BECOME A CONSTRUCTION OR BUILDING INSPECTOR Construction and building inspectors usually need a high school diploma and work experience in a construction trade to enter the occupation. They typically learn on the job to attain competency. Many states and localities require some type of license or certification. PAY The median annual wage for construction and building inspectors was $72,120 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK Employment of construction and building
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER/
more than 40 hours per week.
MARKETING
HOW TO BECOME AN ADVERTISING, PROMOTIONS, OR MARKETING MANAGER Advertising, promotions, and marketing managers typically need a bachelor’s degree. They also typically need work experience in a related occupation.
WHAT ADVERTISING, PROMOTIONS, AND MARKETING MANAGERS DO Advertising, promotions, and marketing managers plan programs to generate interest in products or services. WORK ENVIRONMENT Advertising, promotions, and marketing managers typically work in an office setting. They may travel to meet with clients or media representatives. Most of these managers work full-time and some work
PAY The median annual wage for advertising and promotions managers was $126,960 in May 2024. The median annual wage for marketing managers was $161,030 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK
BUYERS/PURCHASING AGENTS WHAT BUYERS/PURCHASING AGENTS DO Buyers and purchasing agents buy products and services for organizations to use or resell. Purchasing managers oversee the work of buyers and purchasing agents. WORK ENVIRONMENT Most buyers and purchasing agents work full time. Some work more than 40 hours per week.
CARPENTERS WHAT CARPENTERS DO Carpenters construct, repair, and install building frameworks and structures made from wood and other materials. WORK ENVIRONMENT Carpenters work indoors and outdoors on a variety of construction projects, from installing kitchen cabinets to building highways and bridges.
2024 Median Pay: $72,120 per year / $34.67 per hour Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: five years or more On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 147,600 Job Outlook, 2024-34: -1% (decline) Employment Change, 2024-34: -1,200
Quick Facts: Business Development Manager/Marketing 2024 Median Pay: $159,660 per year / $76.76 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: Usually have some sales experience On-the-job Training: None Number of Jobs, 2024: 434,000 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 6% (faster than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 26,100
HOW TO BECOME A BUYER OR PURCHASING AGENT Buyers and purchasing agents typically have a bachelor’s degree. Purchasing managers must also have a few years of work experience.
is projected to grow 5 percent from 2024 to 2034. About 58,700 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
PAY The median annual wage for buyers and purchasing agents was $75,650 and the median annual wage for purchasing managers was $139,510 in May 2024.
Quick Facts: Buyers/Purchasing Agent
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of buyers and purchasing agents
PAY The median annual wage of carpenters was $59,310 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK Employment of carpenters is projected to grow 4 percent from 2024 to 2034. About 74,100
Quick Facts: Carpenters
2024 Median Pay: $59,310 per year / $28.51 per hour Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship Number of Jobs, 2024: 959,000 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 4% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 43,100
than 40 hours per week.
WHAT CIVIL ENGINEERS DO Civil engineers plan, design, and supervise the construction and maintenance of building and infrastructure projects.
HOW TO BECOME A CIVIL ENGINEER Civil engineers typically need a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering or a related field. They typically need a state-issued license if they provide services directly to the public. PAY The median annual wage of civil engineers was $99,590 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK
2024 Median Pay: $79,830 per year / $38.38 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Long-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 605,600 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 5% (faster than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 32,700
openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
CIVIL ENGINEERS
18 SKILLED MAGAZINE // 2026-27 School Year
Quick Facts: Building Inspector
Employment of advertising and promotions, and marketing managers is projected to grow 6 percent from 2024 to 2034, faster than the average for all occupations. About 36,400 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
HOW TO BECOME A CARPENTER Carpenters typically learn on the job and through apprenticeships.
WORK ENVIRONMENT Civil engineers work in a variety of locations and conditions, commonly splitting their time between an office setting and construction sites. Most civil engineers work full time, and some work more
inspectors is projected to decline 1 percent from 2024 to 2034. About 14,800 openings for construction and building inspectors are projected each year, on average, over the decade, to replace workers leaving the field.
Employment of civil engineers is expected to grow 5 percent from 2024 to 2034, faster than average for all occupations. About 23,600 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Quick Facts: Civil Engineers
2024 Median Pay: $99,590 per year / $47.88 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: None Number of Jobs, 2024: 368,900 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 5% (faster than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 18,500
CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS WHAT CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS DO Construction managers plan, coordinate, budget, and supervise construction projects from start to finish. WORK ENVIRONMENT Construction managers may have a main office but spend most of their time in a field office onsite, where they monitor projects and make decisions about construction activities. Their schedules may vary.
HOW TO BECOME A CONSTRUCTION MANAGER Construction managers typically need a bachelor’s degree, and they learn management techniques through on-the-job training. Large construction firms may prefer to hire candidates who have both construction experience and a bachelor’s degree in a construction-related field. PAY The median annual wage for construction managers was $106,980 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK Employment of construction managers is
COST ESTIMATORS WHAT COST ESTIMATORS DO Cost estimators collect and analyze data in order to assess the time, money, materials, and labor required to make a product or provide a service. WORK ENVIRONMENT Cost estimators work mostly in office settings, and some estimators also visit construction sites and factory assembly lines. Most cost estimators work full time, and some work more than 40 hours per week.
DRAFTERS WHAT DRAFTERS DO Drafters use software to convert the designs of engineers and architects into technical drawings. WORK ENVIRONMENT Although drafters spend much of their time working on computers in an office, some may visit jobsites in order to collaborate with architects and engineers. Most drafters work full time.
projected to grow 9% from 2024 to 2034, much faster than average for all occupations. About 46,800 openings for construction managers are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Quick Facts: Construction Managers
2024 Median Pay: $106,980 per year / $51.43 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 550,300 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 9% (much faster than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 48,100
HOW TO BECOME A COST ESTIMATOR Cost estimators typically need a bachelor’s degree to enter the occupation, although workers with several years of experience in construction sometimes qualify in that industry without a degree. PAY The median annual wage for cost estimators was $77,070 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK Employment of cost estimators is projected to
HOW TO BECOME A DRAFTER Drafters typically complete education after high school, often through a program at a community college or technical school. Some programs lead to an associate of applied science in drafting or a related degree. Others result in a certificate or diploma. PAY The median annual wage for drafters was $65,380 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK Employment of drafters is projected to be 0
Employment Change, 2024-34: -9,300
Quick Facts: Drafters
AND TAPERS
HOW TO BECOME A DRYWALL FINISHER Most drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers learn their trade on the job. A formal educational credential is typically not required to enter the occupation. PAY The median annual wage for drywall and ceiling tile installers was $58,140 in May 2024. The median annual wage for tapers was $64,700 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK
2024 Median Pay: $77,070 per year / $37.05 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 221,400 Job Outlook, 2024-34: -4% (decline)
2024 Median Pay: $65,380 per year / $31.44 per hour Entry-Level Education: Associate’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: None Number of Jobs, 2024: 192,100 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 0% (little to no change) Employment Change, 2024-34: -600
heavy wallboard.
WORK ENVIRONMENT Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers work indoors. Workers spend most of the day standing, bending, or reaching, and they often must lift and maneuver
Quick Facts: Cost Estimators
percent from 2024 to 2034. About 16,200 openings for drafters are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
DRYWALL AND CEILING TILE INSTALLERS WHAT DRYWALL DO Drywall and ceiling tile installers hang wallboard and install ceiling tile inside buildings. Tapers prepare the wallboard for painting.
decline 4 percent from 2024 to 2034. About 16,900 openings for cost estimators are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
Overall employment for drywall finishers is projected to grow 4 percent from 2024 to 2034, as fast as average for all occupations. About 8,800 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Quick Facts: Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers and Tapers 2024 Median Pay: $58,800 per year / $28.27 per hour Entry-Level Education: No formal educational credential Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 118,600 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 4% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 4,400
HAMMERS AND NAILS
AND A WHOLE LOT MORE! SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS OCCUPATIONAL OUTLOOK HANDBOOK
2026-27 School Year // SKILLED MAGAZINE 19
ELECTRICIANS WHAT ELECTRICIANS DO Electricians install, maintain and repair electrical power, communications, lighting, and control systems. WORK ENVIRONMENT Almost all electricians work full time. Work schedules may include evenings and weekends. Overtime is common.
HOW TO BECOME AN ELECTRICIAN Most electricians learn through an apprenticeship; some start out by attending a technical school. Most states require electricians to be licensed.
grow 9 percent from 2024 to 2034, much faster than the average for all occupations. About 81,000 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
PAY The median annual wage of electricians was $62,350 in May 2024.
2024 Median Pay: $62,350 per year / $29.98 per hour Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship Number of Jobs, 2024: 818,700 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 9% (much faster than average) Employment Change: 2024-34: 77,400
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of electricians is projected to
Quick Facts: Electricians
FLOORING INSTALLERS, TILE AND STONE
work full time, although schedules may vary.
SETTERS
HOW TO BECOME A FLOOR COVERING INSTALLER Flooring installers and tile and stone setters typically need no formal educational credential. They learn their trade on the job, sometimes starting as a helper.
WHAT DO FLOOR COVERING INSTALLERS DO Flooring installers and tile and stone setters lay and finish carpet, wood, vinyl, tile, and other materials. WORK ENVIRONMENT Installing flooring, tile, and stone is physically demanding, with workers spending much of their time reaching, bending, and kneeling. Most
GLAZIERS WHAT DO GLAZIERS DO Glaziers install glass in windows, skylights, and other fixtures in buildings. WORK ENVIRONMENT As in many other construction trades, the work of glaziers is physically demanding. They may experience cuts from tools and glass, falls from ladders and scaffolding, and exposure to solvents. Most work full time.
PAY The median annual wage for glaziers was $55,440 in May 2024.
2024 Median Pay: $55,440 per year / $26.65 per hour Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship Number of Jobs, 2024: 60,500 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 3% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 2,000
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of glaziers is projected to grow
WHAT DO HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING TECHNICIANS DO Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers work on heating, ventilation, cooling, and refrigeration systems. WORK ENVIRONMENT These workers install and repair systems in homes, schools, hospitals, and other buildings. They may need to work in cramped spaces, outdoors, or in extreme temperatures. Most work full time, and schedules may vary.
WORK ENVIRONMENT Construction equipment operators may work even in unpleasant weather. Most operators work full time, and some have irregular work schedules that include nights. HOW TO BECOME A CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
2024 Median Pay: $52,000 per year / $25.00 per hour Entry-Level Education: No formal educational credential Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Learn on the job Number of Jobs, 2024: 112,300 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 6% (faster than average) Employment Change: 2024-34: 6,700
3 percent from 2024 to 2034, as fast as the average for all occupations. About 5,100 openings for glaziers are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
TECHNICIAN
WHAT DO HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATORS DO Construction equipment operators drive, maneuver, or control the heavy machinery used to construct roads, buildings, and other structures.
JOB OUTLOOK Overall employment of floor covering
Quick Facts: Flooring installers, tile and marble setters
HOW TO BECOME A GLAZIER Glaziers typically enter the occupation with a high school diploma and learn their trade through an apprenticeship or on-the-job training.
HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING
HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATORS
PAY The median annual wage of floor covering professionals was $52,000 in May 2024.
professionals is projected to grow 6 percent from 2024 to 2034. About 8,400 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Glaziers
HOW TO BECOME A HEATING AND AIR CONDITIONING TECHNICIAN Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers typically need a postsecondary nondegree award, although some enter the occupation with less education. Once hired, they typically have a lengthy period of on-the-job training to attain competency. These workers may need a license or certification. PAY The median annual wage for HVACR technicians was $59,810 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK
Employment of heating and air conditioning technicians is projected to grow 8 percent from 2024 to 2034, much faster than the average for all occupations. About 40,100 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Quick Facts: Heating and air conditioning technician
2024 Median Pay: $59,810 per year / $28.75 per hour Entry-Level Education: Postsecondary nondegree award Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Long-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 425,200 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 8% (much faster than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 34,500
OPERATOR Many workers learn equipment operation on the job after earning a high school diploma or equivalent, while others learn through an apprenticeship or by attending vocational schools.
is projected to grow 4 percent from 2024 to 2034, as fast as the average for all occupations. About 46,200 openings for construction equipment operators are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
PAY The median annual wage for heavy equipment operators was $58,320 in May 2024.
Quick Facts: Heavy equipment operators
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of heavy equipment operators
20 SKILLED MAGAZINE // 2026-27 School Year
2024 Median Pay: $58,320 per year / $28.04 per hour Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 539,500 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 4% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 19,500
HEAVY VEHICLE AND MOBILE EQUIPMENT
work evenings and weekends.
SERVICE TECHNICIANS
HOW TO BECOME A HEAVY VEHICLE OR MOBILE EQUIPMENT SERVICE TECHNICIAN Most heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians have a high school diploma or equivalent. Because vehicle and equipment technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated and computerized, some employers prefer to hire service technicians who have completed a formal training program at a postsecondary institution.
WHAT HEAVY VEHICLE AND MOBILE EQUIPMENT SERVICE TECHNICIANS DO Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians inspect, maintain, and repair vehicles and machinery used in construction, farming, and other industries. WORK ENVIRONMENT Service technicians usually work indoors in noisy repair shops. They often lift heavy parts and tools, handle greasy and dirty equipment, and stand or lie in uncomfortable positions. Most service technicians work full time, and many
PAY The median annual wage for heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians was $62,740 in May 2024.
INTERIOR DESIGNER WHAT INTERIOR DESIGNERS DO Interior designers make indoor spaces functional, safe, and beautiful by determining space requirements and selecting essential and decorative items. WORK ENVIRONMENT Many interior designers work in specialized design services or in architectural, engineering, and related services.
IRONWORKER WHAT DO IRONWORKERS DO Ironworkers install structural and reinforcing iron and steel to form and support buildings, bridges, and roads. WORK ENVIRONMENT Ironworkers perform physically demanding and dangerous work, often at great heights. Workers must wear safety equipment to reduce the risk of falls or other injuries.
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians is projected to grow 6 percent from 2024 to 2034, faster than the average for all occupations. About 21,700 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Quick Facts: Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians 2024 Median Pay: $62,740 per year / $30.16 per hour Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship or long-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 245,600 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 6% (faster than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 15,700
HOW TO BECOME AN INTERIOR DESIGNER Interior designers typically need a bachelor’s degree to enter the occupation.
7,800 openings for interior designers are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
PAY The median annual wage for interior designers was $63,490 in May 2024.
Quick Facts: Interior Designer
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of interior designers is projected to grow 3 percent from 2024 to 2034, as fast as the average for all occupations. About
2024 Median Pay: $63,490 per year / $30.52 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: None Number of Jobs, 2024: 87,100 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 3% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 2,800
HOW TO BECOME AN IRONWORKER Most ironworkers learn through an apprenticeship or on-the-job training.
the average for all occupations. About 7,000 openings for ironworkers are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
PAY The median annual wage for reinforcing iron and rebar workers was $59,280 in May 2024. The median annual wage for structural iron and steel workers was $62,700 in May 2024.
Quick Facts: Ironworker
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of ironworkers is projected to grow 4 percent from 2024 to 2034, as fast as
LABORERS AND HELPERS WHAT CONSTRUCTION LABORERS, HELPERS DO Construction laborers and helpers do many basic tasks that require physical labor on construction sites. WORK ENVIRONMENT Most construction laborers and helpers work full time, and schedules may vary. Their jobs are often physically demanding and may require being outdoors in all weather conditions. HOW TO BECOME A CONSTRUCTION LABORER
2024 Median Pay: $61,940 per year / $29.78 per hour Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship Number of Jobs, 2024: 88,100 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 4% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 3,800
OR HELPER Construction laborers and helpers learn on the job. Although formal education is not typically required, some employers may prefer to hire candidates who have a high school diploma or equivalent.
2024 to 2034, much faster than the average for all occupations. About 149,400 openings for construction laborers and helpers are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
PAY The median annual wage for construction laborers and helpers was $46,050 in May 2024.
2024 Median Pay: $46,050 per year / $22.14 per hour Entry-Level Education: None Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Short-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 1,649,100 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 7% (much faster than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 109,900
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of construction laborers and helpers is projected to grow 7 percent from
Quick Facts: Laborers and Helpers
HAMMERS AND NAILS
AND A WHOLE LOT MORE! SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS OCCUPATIONAL OUTLOOK HANDBOOK
2026-27 School Year // SKILLED MAGAZINE 21
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS WHAT LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS DO Landscape architects design parks and other outdoor spaces. WORK ENVIRONMENT Landscape architects spend much of their time in offices, creating designs, preparing models, and meeting with clients. They spend the rest of their time at jobsites. HOW TO BECOME A LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT All states require landscape architects to
be licensed. Licensing requirements vary by state but usually include at least a bachelor’s degree in landscape architecture from an accredited school, internship experience, and passing the Landscape Architect Registration Examination. PAY The median annual wage for landscape architects was $79,660 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK Employment of landscape architects is projected to grow 3 percent from 2024
to 2034, as fast as the average for all occupations. About 1,700 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field. Quick Facts: Landscape Architect 2024 Median Pay: $79,660 per year / $38.30 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Internship/residency Number of Jobs, 2024: 21,800 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 3% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 800
LANDSCAPER
bending, kneeling, lifting, or shoveling.
WHAT LANDSCAPERS AND GROUNDS MAINTENANCE WORKERS DO Grounds maintenance workers install and maintain landscapes, prune trees or shrubs, and do other tasks to ensure that vegetation is attractive, orderly, and safe.
HOW TO BECOME A LANDSCAPER AND GROUNDS MAINTENANCE WORKER Grounds maintenance workers typically do not need a formal educational credential and are trained on the job. States may require licensing for workers who apply pesticides and fertilizers.
WORK ENVIRONMENT Most grounds maintenance work is done outdoors in all weather conditions. Some work is seasonal, available mainly in the spring, summer, and fall. The work may be repetitive and physically demanding, requiring frequent
PAINTERS WHAT PAINTERS, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE DO Painters apply paint, stain, and coatings to walls and ceilings, buildings, large machinery and equipment, and bridges and other structures. WORK ENVIRONMENT Painters work indoors and outdoors. Painting is physically demanding and requires a lot of bending, kneeling, reaching, and climbing. Those who paint bridges or buildings may
HOW TO BECOME A PAINTER, CONSTRUCTION OR MAINTENANCE Painters typically learn their trade on the job. No formal education is typically required to enter the occupation. PAY The median annual wage of painters was $48,660 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK Employment of painters is projected to grow
FITTERS WHAT PLUMBERS, PIPEFITTERS, AND STEAMFITTERS DO Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters install and repair piping fixtures and systems. WORK ENVIRONMENT Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters work in factories, homes, businesses, and other places where there are pipes and related systems. Plumbers are often on call for emergencies, so evening and weekend work is common.
WHAT ROOFERS DO Roofers replace, repair, and install the roofs of buildings. WORK ENVIRONMENT Roofing work can be physically demanding. It involves heavy lifting, as well as climbing, bending, and kneeling, frequently in very hot weather. Overtime may be required to finish a job, especially during busier summer months.
JOB OUTLOOK
work at extreme heights or in uncomfortable positions.
PLUMBERS, PIPEFITTERS, AND STEAM
ROOFER
PAY The median yearly wage for landscapers and grounds maintenance workers was $38,470 in May 2024.
22 SKILLED MAGAZINE // 2026-27 School Year
2024 Median Pay: $48,660 per year/ $23.40 per hour Entry-Level Education: No formal educational credential Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 342,200 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 4% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 13,000
The median annual wage of plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters was $62,970 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK Employment of plumbers, pipefitters, and
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of roofers is projected to grow 6 percent from 2024 to 2034, faster than the
2024 Median Pay: $38,470 per year / $18.50 per hour Entry-Level Education: None Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Short-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 1,296,400 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 4% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 45,900
Quick Facts: Painters
PAY
PAY The median annual wage for roofers was $50,970 in May 2021.
Quick Facts: Landscaper
4 percent from 2024 to 2034. About 28,100 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
HOW TO BECOME A PLUMBER, PIPEFITTER, OR STEAMFITTER Most plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters learn on the job through an apprenticeship. Some start out by attending a technical school. Most states require plumbers to have a license.
HOW TO BECOME A ROOFER There are typically no formal education requirements for roofers. Although most roofers learn on the job, some enter the occupation through an apprenticeship.
Employment of landscapers and grounds maintenance workers is projected to grow 4 percent from 2024 to 2034, about as fast as the average for all occupations. About 171,600 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
steamfitters is projected to grow 4 percent from 2024 to 2034, as fast as the average for all occupations. About 44,000 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Quick Facts: Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters
2024 Median Pay: $62,970 per year / $30.27 per hour Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship Number of Jobs, 2024: 504,500 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 4% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 22,700
average for all occupations. About 12,700 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Quick Facts: Roofer
2024 Median Pay: $50,970 per year / $24.51 per hour Entry-Level Education: No formal educational credential Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 166,700 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 6% (faster than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 9,800
SAFETY SPECIALIST WHAT SAFETY SPECIALISTS DO Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians collect data on and analyze many types of work environments and work procedures. WORK ENVIRONMENT Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians work in a variety of indoor or outdoor settings, such as offices and factories or construction sites. Their jobs may involve considerable travel and fieldwork. Most work full time, and some work more than 40 hours per week.
HOW TO BECOME A SAFETY SPECIALIST Occupational health and safety specialists typically need a bachelor’s degree in occupational health and safety or a related field. Occupational health and safety technicians typically need at least a high school diploma to enter the occupation, and they receive training on the job. PAY The median annual wage for occupational health and safety specialists was $83,910 in May 2024. The median annual wage for occupational health and safety technicians was $58,440 in May 2024.
SHEET METAL WORKERS WHAT SHEET METAL WORKERS DO Sheet metal workers fabricate or install products that are made from thin metal sheets. WORK ENVIRONMENT Sheet metal workers often lift heavy materials and stand for long periods of time. Those who install sheet metal must often bend, climb, and squat. Most work full time.
SIGN INSTALLERS/MAKERS/ERECTORS* (ELECTRICIAN) WHAT SIGN INSTALLERS DO Erect pre-assembled illuminated signs on buildings or other structures according to sketches, drawings or blueprints. Attaches poles to hang signs to buildings, rigs block and tackle, hoists signs into position, operates hydraulic boom, makes electrical connections to power source and tests sign for correct operation. May prewire signs, use welding equipment, use adhesives and/ or fabricate signs. WORK ENVIRONMENT The work is often done at heights and
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of sheet metal workers is
PAY The average hourly wage Area I Sign Installers JATC was $50.21, according to Oregon BOLI and Area 1 JATC information. The average hourly wage for Area 1 Central
WORK ENVIRONMENT Surveying involves both fieldwork and indoor work. When working outside, surveyors may stand for long periods and often walk long distances, sometimes in bad weather. Most work full time.
Quick Facts: Sheet Metal Workers
2024 Median Pay: $60,850 per year / $29.26 per hour Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship Number of Jobs, 2024: 127,000 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 2% (slower than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 3,100
Sign Hangers was $38.00. JOB OUTLOOK Employment of electricians in general is expected to grow 9 percent from 2024 to 2034. About 81,000 openings for electricians are projected each year, on average, over the decade. Quick Facts**: Electricians (general)
Median Pay: $62,350 per year / $29.98 per hour (sign installers/ erectors $47.20 in Oregon) Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Apprenticeship Number of Jobs, 2024: 818,700 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 9% (much faster than average) Employment Change: 2024-34: 77,400 *Information provided by Area 1 JATC (Oregon) **Job outlook/quick facts based on U.S. BLS Electrician statistics
grow 4 percent from 2024 to 2034, as fast as the average for all occupations. About 3,900 openings for surveyors are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
PAY The median annual wage for surveyors was $72,740 in May 2024.
Median Pay: $72,740 per year / $34.97 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Internship/residency Number of Jobs, 2024: 56,100 Job Outlook, 2024-2034: 4% (as fast as average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 2,500
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of surveyors is projected to
some work more than 40 hours per week.
WHAT WELDERS, CUTTERS, SOLDERERS, AND BRAZERS DO Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers use hand-held or remotely controlled equipment to join, repair, or cut metal parts and products.
HOW TO BECOME A WELDER, CUTTER, SOLDERER, OR BRAZER Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers typically need a high school diploma or equivalent, combined with technical and on-the-job training, to enter the occupation. PAY The median annual wage for welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers was $51,000 in May 2024. JOB OUTLOOK
projected to grow 2 percent from 2024 to 2034. About 10,600 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field.
HOW TO BECOME A SURVEYOR Surveyors typically need a bachelor’s degree. They must be licensed before they can certify legal documents and provide surveying services to the public.
WELDER
WORK ENVIRONMENT Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers may work outdoors in all types of weather, or they may work indoors, sometimes in a confined area. Most work full time, and
2024 Median Pay: $78,900 per year / $37.93 per hour Entry-Level Education: Bachelor’s degree Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: None Number of Jobs, 2024: 163,700 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 12% (much faster than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 19,200
PAY The median annual wage of sheet metal workers was $60,850 in May 2024.
HOW TO BECOME A SIGN INSTALLER High school graduate or GED. Although most electricians learn through a formal apprenticeship, some start out by attending a technical school. Most states require licensure. (Limited Journeyman Sign Electrician for sign installers/erectors).
WHAT SURVEYORS DO Surveyors make precise measurements to determine property boundaries.
Quick Facts: Safety Specialist
HOW TO BECOME A SHEET METAL WORKER Sheet metal workers employed in construction typically learn their trade through an apprenticeship. Those employed in manufacturing typically learn on the job or at a technical school.
outdoors in all types of weather. It can be physically strenuous and requires some lifting, climbing, bending and working on ladders.
SURVEYOR
JOB OUTLOOK Employment of safety specialists is projected to grow 12 percent from 2024 to 2034, much faster than average for all occupations. About 18,300 openings for occupational health and safety specialists and technicians are projected each year, on average, over the decade.
Quick Facts: Surveyor 2024
Employment of welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers is projected to grow 2 percent from 2024 to 2034. About 46,500 openings are projected each year, on average, over the decade to replace workers leaving the field. Quick Facts: Welder, cutter, solderer or brazer 2024 Median Pay: $51,000 per year / $24.52 per hour Entry-Level Education: High school diploma or equivalent Work Experience in a Related Occupation: None On-the-job Training: Moderate-term on-the-job training Number of Jobs, 2024: 457,300 Job Outlook, 2024-34: 2% (slower than average) Employment Change, 2024-34: 9,900
2026-27 School Year // SKILLED MAGAZINE 23