UNDERSTANDING DENSITY
7 Multi-Family Housing Typologies and 36 Core Samples Measuring Local Density
Know Your Density What are the densities of the places you are familiar with?
The Holistic Housing Lab is a design-centered research platform dedicated to exploring housing as an interconnected system shaped by people and place. © 2026 Karla Sierralta & Brian Strawn
KNOW YOUR DENSITY
In this set: • 20 Core Samples From Rural to Urban - Hawai'i • 16 Core Samples Along the Rail - Honolulu • 7 Typologies Multi-family Housing - O'ahu
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY : CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
At a glance 20 places across five islands from rural to urban Population Density is measured in People per Square Mile and calculated including the adjacent context (Census Tract averages).
PLACE
ISLAND
AREA POPULATION DENSITY
1
Kaunakakai
MOLOKA‘I
22
2
Kilauea
KAUA‘I
467
3
Lihue
1,178
4
Kapa‘a
2,299
5
Pukalani
6
Lahaina
3,240
7
Kahului
5,933
8
Waimea
9
Kailua-Kona
MAUI
HAWAI‘I
86 1,377
10 Hilo 11 Waianae
2,824
2,837
O‘AHU
4,775
12 Mililani
8,261
13 Kailua
9,857
14 Kapolei
11,200
15 Aiea
13,751
16 Waipahu
18,576
17 Kaka‘ako
26,051
18 Kalihi
26,973
19 Punchbowl
45,078
20 Waikiki
51,853
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY : CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
What’s on the card? From Rural to Urban
Place Island, location and sample block, including Residential Density measured in Du/acre.
Area Population Density Based on census tract.
1/2 Mile Context An image (Google Earth) captures the context and urban fabric within walking distance.
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY : CORE SAMPLES ALONG THE RAIL
At a glance 16 core samples along the rail Population Density is measured in People per Square Mile and calculated including the adjacent context (Census Tract averages). Acreage and Residential Density, measured in DU/ acre, are based on sample block averages.
AREA POP. DENSITY
LOT ACRES
DU ACRE
#1 Kualaka’i
7,908
0.12
8.24
#4 Hō’ae’ae
13,973
0.16
6.32
#5 Pouhala
13,778
0.14
7.68
#6 Hālaulani
11,873
0.14
7.04
#7 Waiawa
8,213
0.19
5.90
#8 Kalauao
10,548
0.14
9.60
#9 Hālawa
6,158
0.12
5.06
#13 Kahauiki
14,295
0.06
0.08
#14 Mokauea
14,295
0.10
7.24
#15 Niuhelewai
14,033
1.33
3.64
#16 Kūwili
21,373
2.14
0.89
#17 Hōalu
39,759
5.08
24
#18 Kuloloia
35,412
1.56
4.94
#19 Ka’ākaukukui
21,275
2.17
11
#20 Kukuluae’o
21,275
1.19
7.7
#21 Kālia Ala Moana Center
25,233
4.58
55.8
STATION East-Kapolei
West Loch
Waipahu Transit Center
Leeward CC
Pearl Highlands
Pearlridge
Aloha Stadium
Middle Street
Kalihi
Hnl CC-Kāpalama
Iwilei
Chinatown
Downtown
Civic Center
Kaka’ako
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY : CORE SAMPLES ALONG THE RAIL
What’s on the card? Along the Rail
Station Station, neighborhood and residential
Area Population Density Based on
density of sample block.
census tract.
Station Location 1/2 Mile Context An image (Google Earth) captures the context and urban fabric within walking distance of the station alongside a sample block.
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Adjacent Transit Line Stations
5
KNOW YOUR DENSITY : MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
At a glance 7 Multi-family housing typologies Ranging from low to high rise from 28-287 dwelling units per acre.
Year
No. Units
DU Acre
-
1
8.33
Walk-up
1970
13
113.34
2 Apartments
1963
57
28.20
3 Tower
1971
71
74.14
4 Towers
1970
109
82.95
5 Courtyard
2017
209
133.78
6 Tower
1961
198
287.50
7 Podium-Tower
2018
317
153.63
Typology Low Rise 0 Single Family 1
Mid Rise
High Rise
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY : MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
What’s on the card? Multi-Family Housing Typologies
Typology Example location and type.
Dwelling Units per Acre
Isometric Overall view of massing highlighting residential spaces and open spaces or terraces. Key Data Number of stories, Floor area ratio, total number of residential units, parking type.
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY
Think about:
What are the densities of the places you are familiar with?
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8
KNOW YOUR DENSITY
Sort by: • Location • Population Density • Block types Typical Lots Large Blocks
Compare to: • Density Alphabet Cards • Design Your Home Cards
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
MOL OK A ‘ I
Kaunakakai
22
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 6.10 Du/Acre Bound by: Kokio St., Kikipua St., Ala Malama Ave., Kalohi St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
adf
➤
Write a description for your map.
N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
KAUA ‘ I
Kīlauea
467
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 5.81 Du/Acre Bound by: Kahalou St., Mau St., Keneke St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
Write a description for your map.
N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
KAUA ‘ I
Līhu‘e
1,178
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 6.08 Du/Acre Bound by: Uahiapele St., Uluhui St., Puaole St., Umi St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
Write a description for your map.
N 2000 ft
mage © 2021 Maxar Technologies
mage © 2021 Maxar Technologies
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
KAUA ‘ I
Kapa‘a
2,299
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 7.48 Du/Acre Bound by: Olopua St., Lau-Kea St., Kula Mau’u St., Kahana St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
Write a description for your map.
N 2000 ft
mage © 2021 Maxar Technologies
mage © 2021 Maxar Technologies
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
MA UI
Pukalani
2,824
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 4.41 Du/Acre Bound by: Iolani St., Alohilani St., Hololani St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
Write a description for your map.
N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
MA UI
Lahaina
3,240
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 9.60 Du/Acre Bound by: Kamamalu St., Puiki Pl., Aki St., Kopili St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
MA UI
Kahului
5,933
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 5.06 Du/Acre Bound by: Uhu St., Pohaku St., Molokai Akau St., Waikala St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
HAWAI‘I
Waimea
86
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 0.08 Du/Acre Bound by: Pualahilahi Alanui St., Pa’Eli Alanui, Uakikoni Alanui, Ainahua Alanui St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
HAWAI‘I
Kailua-Kona
1,377
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 3.64 Du/Acre Bound by: West Kakalina Pl., Aloha Kona Dr., Kini Loop, Kawena St., E Kawena Pl.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
HAWAI‘I
Hilo
2,837
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 7.24 Du/Acre Bound by: Hoopuni Way, Iloko St., Kumukoa St., Hilinai St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
O‘AHU
Wai‘anae
4,775
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 0.89 Du/Acre Bound by: Noholio Rd., Makaha Valley Rd., Kaulawaha Rd., Jade St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
O‘AHU
Mililani
8,261
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 24 Du/Acre Bound by: Hokuahiahi St., Meheula Pkwy.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
O‘AHU
Kailua
9,857
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 4.94 Du/Acre Bound by: N Kalaheo Ave., Ainoni St., N Kainalu Dr., Uilama St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
O‘AHU
Kapolei
11,200
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 11 Du/Acre Bound by: Kamaaha Ave., Maulihiwa St., Wahipana St., Lanakoi St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
O‘AHU
Aiea
13,751
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 7.7 Du/Acre Bound by: Pahemo St., Kanuku St., Li’i Ipo St., Hekala St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
O‘AHU
Waipahu
18,576
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 55.8 Du/Acre Bound by: Pupunohe St., Pupupuhi St., Pupukani St., Pupumomi St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
O‘AHU
Kaka‘ako
26,051
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 194 Du/Acre Bound by: Halekauwila St., Keawe St., Pohukaina St., South St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
O‘AHU
Kalihi
26,973
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 11.3 Du/Acre Bound by: Ahuula St., Kalihi St., Kaumuali St. Mokauea St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
O‘AHU
Punchbowl
45,078
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 53.7 Du/Acre Bound by: Nehoa St., Poki St., Dominis St., Anapuni St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES FROM RURAL TO URBAN
O‘AHU
Waikīkī
51,853
Sample Block
Area Population Density
Residential Density: 376 Du/Acre Bound by: Ala Wai Blvd., Walina St., Kuhio Ave., Nahuna St.
People per Square Mile
Legend
Untitled Map
Kaunakakai, Moloka'i
➤
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N 2000 ft
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: CORE SAMPLES ALONG THE RAIL
ST A T I ON
#1 Kualaka’i
7,908
East Kapolei
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Kapolei (96707)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 8.24 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
1
2
3
4
5
Kualaka‘i
Keone‘ae
Honouliuli
Hō‘ae‘ae
Pouhala
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#4 Hō’ae’ae
13,973
West Loch
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Waipahu (96797)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 6.32 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
1
2
3
4
5
Kualaka‘i
Keone‘ae
Honouliuli
Hō‘ae‘ae
Pouhala
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#5 Pouhala
13,778
Waipahu Transit Center
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Waipahu (96797)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 7.68 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
1
2
3
4
5
Kualaka‘i
Keone‘ae
Honouliuli
Hō‘ae‘ae
Pouhala
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#6 Hālaulani
11,873
Leeward Community College
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Waipahu (96797)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 7.04 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
6
7
8
9
10
Hālaulani
Waiawa
Kalauao
Hālawa
Makalapa
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#7 Waiawa
8,213
Pearl Highlands
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Pearl City (96782)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 5.90 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
6
7
8
9
10
Hālaulani
Waiawa
Kalauao
Hālawa
Makalapa
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#8 Kalauao
10,548
Pearlridge
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Aiea (96701)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 7.67 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
6
7
8
9
10
Hālaulani
Waiawa
Kalauao
Hālawa
Makalapa
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#9 Hālawa
6,158
Aloha Stadium
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Aiea (96701)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 7.88 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
6
7
8
9
10
Hālaulani
Waiawa
Kalauao
Hālawa
Makalapa
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#13 Kahauiki
14,295
Middle Street
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: : Kalihi-Pālama (96819)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 14.78 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
11
12
13
14
15
Lelepaua
Āhua
Kahauiki
Mokauea
Niuhelewai
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#14 Mokauea
14,295
Kalihi-Kapālama
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: : Kalihi-Pālama (96819)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 16.1 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
11
12
13
14
15
Lelepaua
Āhua
Kahauiki
Mokauea
Niuhelewai
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#15 Niuhelewai 14,033 Honolulu CC / Kapālama
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Kalihi-Kapālama (96817)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 122 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
11
12
13
14
15
Lelepaua
Āhua
Kahauiki
Mokauea
Niuhelewai
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#16 Kūwili
21,373
Iwilei
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Chinatown (96817)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 117 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
16
17
18
19
20
21
Kūwili
Hōlau
Kuloloia
Ka‘ākaukukui
Kālia
Kukuluae‘o
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#17 Hōalu
39,759
Chinatown
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Chinatown (96813)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 178 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
16
17
18
19
20
21
Kūwili
Hōlau
Kuloloia
Ka‘ākaukukui
Kālia
Kukuluae‘o
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#18 Kuloloia
35,412
Downtown
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Downtown (96813)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 237 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
16
17
18
19
20
21
Kūwili
Hōlau
Kuloloia
Ka‘ākaukukui
Kālia
Kukuluae‘o
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#19 Ka’ākaukukui 21,275 Civic Center
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Kaka‘ako (96813)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 194 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
16
17
18
19
20
21
Kūwili
Hōlau
Kuloloia
Ka‘ākaukukui
Kālia
Kukuluae‘o
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#20 Kukuluae’o 21,275 Kaka‘ako
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Kaka‘ako (96813)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 357 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
16
17
18
19
20
21
Kūwili
Hōlau
Kuloloia
Ka‘ākaukukui
Kālia
Kukuluae‘o
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#21 Kukuluae’o 25,233 Ala Moana Center
Area Population Density
Neighborhood: Ala Moana (96814)
People per Square Mile
Sample Block Residential Density: 156 DU/Acre
1/2 mile radius (10 minute walk)
16
17
18
19
20
21
Kūwili
Hōlau
Kuloloia
Ka‘ākaukukui
Kālia
Kukuluae‘o
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
TY POL OG Y
Low-Rise
Walk-Up Location: Mō'il'ili / Year: 1970 Key Attributes: single loaded, shared laundry, no retail
113.3 Dwelling Units per Acre
Stories 4 Floor Area Ratio 1.97 Residential Units 13 Parking under building at grade
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
TY POL OG Y
Low-Rise
Apartments Location: Diamond Head / Year: 1963 Key Attributes: single loaded, shared laundry, no retail
28.20 Dwelling Units per Acre
Stories 3 Floor Area Ratio 0.55 Residential Units 57 Parking stalls at grade
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
TY POL OG Y
Mid-Rise
Tower Location: Diamond Head-Kapahulu / Year: 1971 Key Attributes: single loaded, shared laundry, no retail
74.14 Dwelling Units per Acre
Stories 8 Floor Area Ratio 2.46 Residential Units 71 Parking stalls at grade
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
TY POL OG Y
Mid-Rise
Towers Location: Punchbowl / Year: 1970 Key Attributes: single loaded, shared laundry, no retail
82.95 Dwelling Units per Acre
Stories 15/8 Floor Area Ratio 8.81 Residential Units 109 Parking at grade and structure
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
TY POL OG Y
Mid-Rise
Courtyard Location: Kaka'ako / Year: 2017 Key Attributes: single and double loaded, shared amenities, retail
133.7 Dwelling Units per Acre
Stories 6 Floor Area Ratio 3.60 Residential Units 209 Parking limited in structure
Holistic Housing Lab's Holistic Housing Design Toolkit
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KNOW YOUR DENSITY: MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
TY POL OG Y
High-Rise
287.5
Tower Location: Punchbowl / Year: 1961 Key Attributes: double loaded, shared amenities, no retail
Stories Floor Area Ratio Residential Units Parking
Dwelling Units per Acre
16 7.56 198 structure
Holistic Housing Lab's Holistic Housing Design Toolkit
51
KNOW YOUR DENSITY: MULTI-FAMILY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
TY POL OG Y
High-Rise
Podium Tower Location: Kaka'ako / Year: 2018 Key Attributes: single and double loaded, shared amenities, retail
Stories Floor Area Ratio Residential Units Parking
153.6 Dwelling Units per Acre
40 9.37 317 podium
Holistic Housing Lab's Holistic Housing Design Toolkit
52